2020版高考英语 Unit 5 Meeting your ancestors（词汇考查+词汇应用）（含解析） 9页

Unit 5‎ 李仕才 ‎ 一、词汇复习 ‎（一）单句语法填空 ‎1．—You know, I met my girlfriend's parents for the first time only yesterday. ‎ ‎—______(real)? I thought you'd met them before.‎ 答案：Really　句意为：——你知道么，我就是在昨天第一次见了女友的父母。——真的吗？我以为你以前就见过他们了呢。really意为“真的”，在此处表示惊奇。‎ ‎2． Thanks for your directions to the house; we wouldn't have found it ______. ‎ 答案：otherwise　句意为：多谢你把我们领到这所房子，否则，我们是不可能找到它的。otherwise意为“要不然，否则”符合语境。‎ ‎3．(2014·湖北，78改编)This novel was once the ______(wide) read book in high schools in the United States. ‎ 答案：most widely　句意为：这部小说曾经是美国高中阅读最广泛的书。根据空前的定冠词及空后的in high schools in the United States可知，应用最高级the most widely来修饰过去分词read，故填most widely。‎ ‎4．(2014·辽宁，68)The ________ (hard) you try to beat him, the more likely you will get hit.He controls you！ ‎ 答案：harder　本句是固定句式：“the＋比较级，the＋比较级”，表示“越……就越……”。句意为：你越是用力打他，你就越可能被打，他能够控制你！故答案为harder。‎ ‎5．(2013·湖北，29改编)Don't defend him any more.It's obvious that he______(deliberate) destroyed the fence of the garden even without apology. ‎ 答案：deliberately　设空处修饰谓语动词destroyed，用副词形式。句意为：不要再为他辩解了。很显然他是故意弄坏花园的栅栏的，他甚至都不道歉。‎ ‎（二）英汉互译 1. ‎△identify vt. __________‎ 2. alternative n. adj. __________‎ 3. ‎△archaeology n. (<美>archeology) __________‎ 4. ‎△archaeological adj. __________‎ 5. ‎△archaeologist n. __________‎ 6. starvation n. __________‎ 7. tentative adj. __________‎ 8. accuracy n. __________‎ 9. ‎△excavate vt. __________‎ 9‎ 1. ‎△excavation n. __________‎ 2. interrupt vt. & vi. __________‎ 3. acute adj. __________‎ 4. assume vt. __________‎ 5. regardless adv. __________‎ 6. regardless of __________‎ 7. mat n. __________‎ 8. quilt n. __________‎ 9. beast n. __________‎ 10. at most __________‎ 11. centimetre n. (<美>centimeter) __________‎ 12. sharpen vi. & vt. __________‎ 13. sharpener n. __________‎ 14. cut up __________‎ 15. ‎△scrape vt. __________‎ 16. ‎△scraper n. __________‎ 17. ample adj. __________‎ 18. messy adj. __________‎ 19. primitive adj. __________‎ 20. ‎△bead n. __________‎ 21. botany n. __________‎ 22. botanical adj. __________‎ 23. analysis n. __________‎ 24. seashell n. __________‎ 25. ripen vt. & vi. __________‎ 26. category n. __________‎ 27. significance n. __________‎ 28. somehow adv. __________‎ 29. systematic adj. __________‎ 30. spit vt. (spat, spit; spat, spit) vi. __________‎ 31. delete vt. __________ ‎ 32. album n. __________‎ 33. scratch n. vt. __________‎ 34. academy n. __________‎ 35. receptionist n. __________‎ 36. onion n. __________‎ 37. kindergarten n. __________‎ 38. skateboard n. __________‎ 39. fed up with __________‎ 40. yogurt n. __________‎ 41. radioactive adj. __________‎ 42. radioactivity n. __________‎ 43. division n. __________‎ 44. BC __________‎ 9‎ 1. melon n. __________‎ 2. wrinkle n. __________‎ 3. pulse vi. n. __________‎ 4. ‎△vein n. __________‎ 5. applaud vi. & vt. __________‎ 6. look ahead __________‎ 7. howl vt. & vi. __________‎ 8. accelerate vi. & vt. __________‎ 9. spear n. __________‎ 10. arrest vt. n. __________‎ 11. dizzy adj. __________‎ 12. ‎△eyebrow n. __________‎ 13. ‎△cheekbone n. __________‎ 14. ‎△arrowhead n. __________‎ 15. ‎△axe n. __________‎ 16. hammer n. __________‎ 17. gay adj. __________‎ 18. gaily adv. __________‎ 19. skilful adj. __________‎ 20. date back __________‎ 21. punctuation n. __________‎ 22. ‎△worship vt. & vi n. __________‎ 23. ‎△craftsmanship n. __________ ‎ 二、阅读理解 A If you want to slow aging, you might want to eat less. This finding is good news---if you were a mouse. The researchers studied mice, not people.‎ John Price and other researchers studied two groups of mice. One group was able to eat as much as it wanted. The researchers limited what the mice in the other group ate. Their diet had 35 percent fewer calories than the first group of mice.‎ Price says the mice with the diet restrictions were “more energetic and suffered fewer disease.” They were not just living longer but seemed to stay younger for a longer period of time.‎ The researchers found that fewer calories slow down a natural mechanism in cells called ribosomes. Price explains that ribosomes are responsible for making important proteins in the cells. But with fewer calories, they slow down. This gives the cells more time to repair themselves.‎ The researchers say ribosomes use from 10 to 20 percent of the cell’s energy to 9‎ ‎ make those proteins. Price wrote that “because of this, it is impractical to destroy an entire ribosome” when it starts to break down. However, “repairing individual parts of the ribosome on a regular basis enables ribosomes to continue producing high quality proteins for longer than they would otherwise. This top quality production, in turn, keeps cells and the entire body functioning well.”‎ Price said, “ribosome is a very complex machine, like a car.” They need “maintenance to replace the parts that wear out the fastest. When tires wear out,” he explained, “you don’t throw the whole car away and buy a new one. It costs less to replace the old tires.”‎ ‎“Food,” he said, “isn’t just material to be burned---it’s a signal that tells our body and cells how to respond.” Price said the findings help to explain how exactly our bodies age. And this may “help us make more educated decisions about what we eat.”‎ ‎1.What can we know about the mice with limited calories from the study?‎ A. They can keep healthy easily B. They need more energy to be active C. They can look younger than they are D. They will live a longer life like humans ‎2.What will happen to ribosomes if there are fewer calories?‎ A. They will completely break down B. They make proteins in the cells slowly C. They will produce high quality proteins more D. They may need more time to repair themselves ‎3.Price explained the ribosomes’ role of repairing themselves by _________.‎ A. telling a story B. listing basic data C. making comparisons D. experimenting on mice ‎4.What does the text mainly deal with?‎ A. Food decides how long you live B. Can you slow down your aging process?‎ C. Eating less may help you live longer D. Should your diet be reduced for your health?‎ 9‎ ‎【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。通过研究实验发现：吃的少会使你长寿。‎ ‎1.A 【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段中The researchers limited what the mice in the other group ate. Their diet had 35 percent fewer calories than the first group of mice.的提示可知他们能够很容易保持健康，故选A。‎ ‎2.B 【解析】细节理解题。根据第四段中The researchers found that fewer calories slow down a natural mechanism in cells called ribosomes.的提示可知它们会在细胞中缓慢地产生蛋白质，故选B。‎ ‎4.C 【解析】主旨大意题。根据第一段首句If you want to slow aging, you might want to eat less. This finding is good news的提示可知这片名文章的主旨是吃的少会使你长寿，故选C。 ‎ B After a long winter，spring is the ideal time for sightseeing and exploring London’s green spaces.‎ ‎1．Explore London’s parks and gardens Springtime is the perfect time to explore London’s parks and gardens，when the city’s Royal Parks will be blooming with flowers.Go and admire the rainbow of azaleas(杜鹃花) at Richmond Park or hire a deckchair in St.James’s Park with a view of Buckingham Palace.‎ ‎2．Enjoy the entertainment at spring festivals There are a good many festivals and events held in London throughout spring.Make the most of the cultural exhibitions at the British Library Spring Festival，the Sundance Film Festival or the London Literature Festival；head to Shakespeare’s Globe，which hosts openair Shakespeare performances from late April until early October.‎ ‎3．Get active Warmer weather means there’s no excuse for staying indoors，so go for a walking 9‎ ‎ or cycling tour of London.Alternatively，walk the Thames Walkway，which follows the river all the way from central London into the countryside；make the most of London’s “Boris Bikes”，which are available for hire all around the city and are free of charge for the first half hour.If you’re really looking for a challenge，sign up for the famous London Marathon，held annually in April.‎ ‎4．Take to the waters Whether cruising(航行) along the Thames River，hiring a rowing boat in Hyde Park or riding a canal boat around Little Venice，there are lots of fun ways to get on the water in London.Held every year since 1829，the Oxford and Cambridge Boat Race allows teams from England’s most famous universities to compete against each other，and draws huge crowds of watching people.‎ ‎【解题导语】　作者介绍了四种在伦敦享受春光的方式。‎ ‎1．If you are interested in British culture，you are advised to ．‎ A．visit ‎Richmond‎ ‎Park B．row a boat in ‎Hyde Park C．attend the London Festivals D．walk the Thames Walkway C　解析：细节理解题。根据Enjoy the entertainment at spring festivals部分可知，伦敦春季有许多节日和活动，如the cultural exhibitions(文化展览)，the London Literature Festival(伦敦文学节)等，这些活动及节日与英国文化有关。故选C项。‎ ‎2．Which of the following is TRUE according to the text?‎ A．You can see Buckingham Palace from St.James’s Park.‎ B．London’s Boris Bikes are free to use for a whole day.‎ C．Outdoor Shakespeare performances are held only in spring.‎ D．The Oxford and Cambridge Boat Race has a history of over 200 years.‎ A　解析：细节理解题。根据Explore London’s parks and gardens部分最后一句．..or hire a deckchair in St.James’s Park with a view of Buckingham Palace.可知，在圣詹姆斯公园租一个折叠躺椅，看着白金汉宫，即能从圣詹姆斯公园看见白金汉宫。故选A项。‎ ‎3．According to the writer，which of the following activities challenges you 9‎ ‎ most?‎ A．Watching Boat Race.‎ B．Joining in London Marathon.‎ C．Cruising along the Thames‎ ‎River.‎ D．Cycling around London.‎ B　解析：细节理解题。根据Get active部分最后一句可知，如果你真的想要挑战一下，就参加每年四月举办的著名的伦敦马拉松。故选B项。‎ ‎4．The writer wrote the text in order to ．‎ A．introduce tourist attractions in ‎London B．stress the importance of exploring ‎London C．suggest ways to enjoy spring in ‎London D．show the beauty of spring in ‎London C　解析：推理判断题。根据第一段．..spring is the ideal time for sightseeing and exploring London’s green spaces.可知，春天是在伦敦观光和踏青的理想时间，下文介绍了具体的活动方式。因此，本文的写作目的是推荐一些在伦敦享受春光的方式。故选C项。‎ 三、书面表达。‎ 阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。‎ Afel was only a very small boy when he first saw snow. But it wasn’t real snow that he saw. Actually, there was no real snow where he lived. He saw the snow in a picture book, which had lots of pictures of children playing in big white fields.‎ He dreamed about snow all the time, trying to imagine how it really was. He thought of big white fields. He thought of the big, heavy clothes the children playing in the snow wore. He thought about feeling cold. He dreamed of being able to fly across the white fields of snow.‎ Then, when Afel was twelve years old, the next thing happened. One day when he was watching TV at his uncle’s house. His uncle had a big new TV, with all the satellite channels. Afel was watching one of the satellite channels, and a program full of snow came on. And not only snow. There were people flying across the snow. They looked like fantastic birds. They had hats which covered all their heads and big goggles(‎ 9‎ 护目镜) over their eyes. They wore brightly-colored clothes. And on their feet, they had things that looked like strange shoes.‎ ‎＂What are those?＂ he asked his uncle excitedly.‎ ‎＂They are skis,＂ replied his uncle. ＂And those people are called skiers.＂ Afel was in love. Here was the snow, and here were people who were flying across the snow. At that moment, he decided, he wanted to be a skier.‎ He asked his uncle what the program was. ＂The Winter Olympics,＂ said his uncle. ＂It’s like the normal Olympics, but for sports where you need snow — skiing, ice skating, bobsleigh, those sorts of things. They have it every four years.＂‎ ‎＂Perfect,＂ he thought. ＂Enough time for me to become a brilliant skier. Then I’ll go to the next Winter Olympics, and win the gold medal for skiing.＂‎ ‎＂But there’s no snow here!＂ people told him. ＂Where are you going to ski?＂‎ 注意：‎ ‎1.所续写短文的词数应为150左右；‎ ‎2.应使用5个以上短文中标有下划线的关键词语；‎ ‎3.续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好；‎ ‎4.续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。‎ Paragraph 1:‎ Afel didn’t care.‎ ‎____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ Paragraph 2:‎ So every night, out in the middle of the desert, Afel practiced skiing down sand hills.‎ ‎____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ 9‎ ‎【参考范文】‎ One possible version:‎ Paragraph 1：（第一段）‎ Afel didn’t care. He made himself a pair of skis from two pieces of wood. He tied them to his feet and practiced skiing holding two sticks in his hands as the professional skiers do. At first he couldn’t move, but he practiced and practiced and practiced until he could move quite quickly across the sand or the earth. He tried to fly down sand hills like the skiers on TV, but he couldn’t. He could only move slowly. But he told himself this was not the reason why he stopped making efforts.‎ Paragraph 2：（第二段）‎ So every night, out in the middle of the desert, Afel practiced skiing down sand hills. He dreamed that the yellow sand of the desert and brown earth were the white fields of snow he saw in the book and on the television. He dreamed that the yellow sand and brown earth were as gold as the medal he would bring home with him, when he was the world champion in the Winter Olympics.‎ 前文概要：‎ Afel生活在一个见不到真正的雪的地方，但自他在一本图画书中见到雪之后，就对其充满好奇并爱上了这种神奇的东西。一天，Afel在他叔叔家的电视上看到了冬季奥运会的滑雪项目，并深深地被吸引了，他下定决心要成为一个出色的滑雪者，参加下一届冬季奥运会并获得金牌。但人们提醒他说他们所生活的地方没有雪。‎ 思路导航：‎ Paragraph 1的开头是＂Afel并不在意＂，暗示接下来的内容会涉及Afel如何在没有雪的情况下自己制作滑雪用具，克服一切困难努力成为一个滑雪者，而Afel最初的尝试可能会遇到一些挫折。写作时可能会用到的画线词有skis， skiers， TV等。‎ Paragraph 2的开头是＂因此，每天晚上在外面的沙漠中间，Afel都会练习着从沙丘上滑下来＂，这表明下文讲的可能是Afel以一种特别的方式练习滑雪，把黄黄的沙漠想象成白白的雪场，并以奥运金牌来激励自己等。写作时可能会用到的画线词有the white fields of snow， Winter Olympics， medal等。‎ 9‎