2020版高考英语 Unit 23 Conflict夯练（含解析）北师大版选修8 7页

Unit 23 Conflict 李仕才 一、阅读理解。‎ Some pigs tend to be optimistic while others are pessimistic，according to a new research that is meaningful to animal welfare.The study，published in the journal Biology Letters，is the first to show that mood and personality interact in an animal，influencing judgment.‎ Asher，a researcher at the University of Newcastle's Institute of Neuroscience，and her team housed groups of pigs in two types of environment.One reflected standard commercial conditions and the other was cushier with more space and plenty of soft，deep straw.After the pigs got accustomed to these new homes over a few weeks，the researchers picked 18 pigs from each type to train and test their judgment.‎ ‎“To do this，we trained each pig.In one corner of a training room there would be a bowl with chocolate sweets—pigs love them—and at the opposite side of the room there would be a bowl containing coffee beans，which pigs find bittertasting，”a researcher said.‎ Over a number of training trials，pigs learned to go to the bowl reliably when it was in the corner where they had figured out to expect chocolate sweets.On the contrary，they quickly learned to avoid the bowl when it was in the corner where they would expect to find the coffee beans.‎ The researchers next placed an unfamiliar bowl in different locations，to see how the pigs would react.Some gaily dashed to the bowl no matter what was inside，showing optimism that it would contain their favorite sweets.Others，however，behaved as though they expected it to contain coffee beans，displaying pessimism.‎ The findings suggest that a onesizefitsall answer to animal welfare issues does not exist.Even if pigs are just equal to bacon or other meat for some people，there is still cause for concern.Studies have suggested that how an animal is treated during its lifetime can directly affect meat quality and taste.‎ ‎1．What was the study trying to figure out?‎ A．How to make pigs happier.‎ B．The similarities between humans and pigs.‎ C．How living environment affected pigs' mood.‎ D．How pigs' mood and personality affected their judgment.‎ 7‎ ‎2．What does the underlined word “cushier”in Paragraph 2 mean?‎ A．Simple. B．More comfortable.‎ C．Unpractical. D．Less free.‎ ‎3．Which bowl can test whether a pig is optimistic or pessimistic?‎ A．The bowl with chocolate sweets.‎ B．The bowl containing coffee beans.‎ C．The bowl full of both sweets and beans.‎ D．The bowl unfamiliar to two types of pigs.‎ ‎4．What do the findings of the new research imply?‎ A．People should treat pigs equally.‎ B．People's health relies on meat quality.‎ C．People should meet pigs' various needs.‎ D．People's attitude toward pigs is totally wrong.‎ ‎【解题导语】本文是一篇研究报告，讲述情绪和性格在动物中的相互作用。‎ ‎【段意梳理】第一段：概述情绪和性格在动物中的相互作用，这些相互作用会影响它们的判断。‎ 第二至五段：研究者Asher和她的研究团队把猪分成两组进行实验的过程。‎ 第六段：根据实验结果，研究人员进行分析和总结。‎ ‎1．D　考查细节理解。根据文章第一段第二句“The study，published in the journal Biology Letters，is the first to show that mood and personality interact in an animal, influencing judgment”可知，选项D的概括符合题意。所以选项D正确。‎ ‎2．B　考查词义猜测。根据画线词后的“more space and plenty of soft, deep straw”可知，另一个环境很舒适。所以选项B正确。‎ ‎3．D　考查细节理解。根据第五段第一句“The researchers next placed an unfamiliar bowl in different locations, to see how the pigs would react”以及该段后两句的对比描述可知，D选项与第五段内容一致。所以选项D正确。‎ ‎4．C　考查推理判断。根据最后一段尤其是最后一句可推知，要想获得高质量和口感好的猪肉，人们应当满足猪的多种需要。所以选项C正确。‎ 二、阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ ‎(2017·石家庄检测二)The best way to deal with sports injuries is to keep them from happening in the first place.Knowing the rules of the game you’re playing and using the right 61.____________(equip) can go a long way toward preventing injuries.If you think you’ve been injured, pull 62.____________(you) out of the 7‎ ‎ game or stop 63.____________(do) your activity or workout.Let a coach or parent know what happened in case you need to see a doctor.Serious head and neck injuries happen most often to athletes 64.____________ play contact sports like football.Keep the injured person still with his or her head 65.____________(hold) straight while someone calls for emergency 66.____________(medicine) help.If the person 67.____________(lie) on the ground, do not try to move him or her.‎ Your first question after a sports injury will 68.____________(probable) be，“When can I play again？”This depends on the injury and what your doctor tells you.Even if you can’t return to your sport right away, a doctor might have suggestions and advice 69.____________ what you can do to stay fit.Always check with your doctor 70.____________ trying any activity following an injury.‎ ‎【解题导语】　这是一篇说明文，讲述了在运动中受伤以后应该怎么办。‎ ‎61．equipment　解析：考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知，此处指合适的器材，equipment表示“设备，器材”，是不可数名词。‎ ‎62．yourself　解析：考查代词。这是一个祈使句，由前面的you可知，该处用yourself。‎ ‎63．doing　解析：考查非谓语动词。由“you’ve been injured”可知，受伤了就要停止活动，stop doing sth.“停止做某事”，故用doing。‎ ‎64．who/that　解析：考查定语从句。空处引导定语从句，先行词为athletes，指人，故用who或that。‎ ‎65．held　解析：考查with复合结构。动词hold与his or her head是动宾关系，故用过去分词作宾补。‎ ‎66．medical　解析：考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知，此处是形容词修饰名词help，故用medical。‎ ‎67．lies/is lying　解析：考查时态。此处表示“如果这个人躺在/正躺在地上”，故应用一般现在时或现在进行时。‎ ‎68．probably　解析：考查副词。分析句子结构可知，这里应用副词修饰动词。‎ ‎69．about/on　解析：考查介词。分析句意可知，这里指的是“做什么来保持健康的建议”，故用about/on 表示“关于”。‎ ‎70．before　解析：考查介词。分析句意可知，在尝试任何活动之前先咨询一下医生，故用before。‎ 三、短文改错。‎ 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。‎ 7‎ 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。‎ 删除：把多余的词用斜线()划掉。‎ 修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。‎ 注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；‎ ‎2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。‎ ‎(2017·济南3月模拟)‎ Dear Steven，‎ I’m glad that you are coming to Beijing this summer vacation.You asked many question in your letter, and now let me answer them.‎ To start with, Beijing, the capital of China, is very attractive city with a long history.You can found all kinds of delicious food in Beijing, of that the most famous is the roast Beijing duck.I hope we will enjoy it.Besides, there is a great number of tourist attractions worth visiting, such as the Great Wall, the Summer Palace or the Forbidden City.These scenic spots have attracted millions of tourists in this year.I promise you will have a wonderfully time here in Beijing.‎ I’m looking forward to hear from you as soon as possible.‎ Yours，‎ Liu Chao 答案：‎ Dear Steven，‎ I’m glad that you are coming to Beijing this summer vacation.You asked many in your letter, and now let me answer them.‎ To start with, Beijing, the capital of China, is ∧,a) very attractive city with a long history.You can all kinds of delicious food in Beijing, of the most famous is the roast Beijing duck.I hope will enjoy it.Besides, there a great number of tourist attractions worth visiting, such as the Great Wall, the Summer Palace the Forbidden City.These scenic spots have attracted millions of tourists this year.I promise you will have a time here in Beijing.‎ I’m looking forward to from you as soon as possible.‎ Yours，‎ 7‎ Liu Chao 四、七选五。‎ 根据短文内容, 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。‎ Why doesn’t the conductor face the audience? 　1　 As the only person with his back to the audience, the conductor is a figure who is bathed in the spotlight, but his complex work requires a high degree of musical skills, as well as an ability to extract what he desires out of the group of artists he leads—his orchestra. ‎ ‎　2　A person may become a conductor without graduating from the conducting department of a music school or studying in any kind of conductor’s training program. However, becoming the conductor of a famous orchestra requires a great deal more than what is needed merely to join an orchestra. ‎ ‎　3　These naturally examine a conductor’s technique and musical interpretation when he conducts an orchestra through a prepared piece of music, but they also involve a sight-reading element. 　4　 The conductor then has to sit in a room and memorize the piece before coming out and leading the orchestra through the piece by memory. Not only does the conductor have to make his arm and hand motion properly, and signal all the entrances of each instrument, he has to point out intentional mistakes made by the orchestra members on the spot. ‎ The least capabilities a conductor must have are: The ability to memorize an entire score. A good ear for distinguishing correct notes among the music of the entire orchestra. 　5　 ‎ Of the conductors that meet these requirements, those with better musical insight and a higher level of charisma(魅力) will succeed. ‎ A. The need for a common musical standard becomes necessary. ‎ B. The ability to lead a group of professional musicians. ‎ C. There are many conducting competitions. ‎ D. For this, the score of music is given to the conductor on site. ‎ E. This is how the role of the conductor came to be established. ‎ F. The role of the conductor is in fact not well understood. ‎ G. There are no examinations for becoming a conductor. ‎ 7‎ ‎【文章大意】本文主要介绍了乐队的指挥总是背对着观众, 而不面向观众的原因, 以及成为一名乐队指挥需要哪些方面的能力等。‎ ‎1. 【解析】选F。考查逻辑关系。根据前面的“Why doesn’t the conductor face the audience”可知, 人们对乐队指挥这一工作不甚了解, 再根据本空后的内容推断应选F项。‎ ‎2. 【解析】选G。考查意义对等。根据本空后面的“A person may become a conductor without graduating from the conducting department of a music school or studying in any kind of conductor’s training program”可知, 乐队的指挥不需要毕业于专业的音乐学校或经过相关的训练, 与G项的“不用考试”一致。‎ ‎3. 【解析】选C。考查代词指代。根据空格后面的“These naturally examine a conductor’s technique and musical interpretation when he conducts an orchestra through a prepared piece of music”可知, 应选C项。这里的These指的是C项中的competitions。‎ ‎4. 【解析】选D。考查意义对等。根据后面的“The conductor then has to sit in a room and memorize the piece”可知应选D项。‎ ‎5. 【解析】选B。考查词汇复现。与前面的“The ability to memorize an entire score”中的ability是并列的。故选B。‎ 五、书面表达。‎ ‎(2017·合肥第二次质量检测)近期，某中学生英文报就“My Dream Classroom”向中学生征稿。请你根据征稿启事写篇英语短文投稿。‎ 注意：1.词数100左右；‎ ‎2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。‎ My Dream Classroom ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ 7‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ One possible version：‎ My Dream Classroom The classroom is another home where we spend most of our daytime.It should be a comfortable and relaxing place full of inspiration and encouragement for us to enjoy our study life to the fullest.‎ In my dream classroom，I hope to see green plants and pleasant decorations.Of course, I would appreciate it if I could be allowed to decorate my own desk.When it comes to the learning environment of the classroom, I prefer a culture corner so that we can share our books or exchange our opinions during the refreshing time.Besides, some inspiring mottos inside can motivate us to get ahead.‎ 7‎