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第一部分 教材复习
Unit 1 Friendship
基础巧回顾
见学生用书P001
单词巧练
写准并记牢
高考与教材
重点单词
1.upset adj.心烦意乱的；不安的；不适的 vt.使不安；使心烦→upset/upset/upsetting(过去式/过去分词/现在分词)
2.ignore vt.不理睬；忽视→ignorant adj.无知的
3.grateful adj.感激的；表示谢意的→gratefully ad v.感激地
4.settle v. (使)定居；安排；解决→settler n．[C]移居者；定居者→settlement n．[U]解决；定居；[C]协议
5.calm vt.& vi. (使)平静；(使)镇定 adj. 平静的；镇静的；沉着的→calmly ad v.平静地；镇静地
6.concern vt. (使)担忧；涉及；关系到 n．[U]关怀；关心；[C]关心的事→concerned adj.担心的；忧虑的→concerning prep.关于；涉及
7.dusty adj.积满灰尘的→dust n．[U]灰尘
8.exactly ad v.确实如此；正是；确切地→exact adj.准确的；确切的
9.entire adj.整个的；完全的；全部的→entirely ad v. 完全地；全然地；整个地
10.outdoors ad v.在户外；在野外→(反义词)indoors ad v.在室内→outdoor adj.在户外
11.recover vi.& vt. 痊愈；恢复→(熟词生义)重新获得→recovery n．[U]恢复；复苏；康复
12.suffer vt.& vi. 遭受；忍受；经历→suffering n．[U]苦恼；[C]让人痛苦的事
13.power n．[U]能力；力量；权力→(熟词生义)提供动力→powerful adj.强大的；有力的→(反义词)powerless adj.无力的；没有能力的
Ⅰ.高考与单句填空
1.(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)This brief visit with Mother Nature cost me two days off from work, recovering from a bad case of sunburn.
2.(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)The company eventually settled (settle) in Tel Aviv in the late 1920s.
3.(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)Make sure you read some materials concerning (concern) poetry of the Tang Dynasty.
4.(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)They feel they can know you just from the sound of your voice. That's how powerful (power) the telephone is.
5.(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)It upsets (upset) me to think that you may get annoyed with me.
6.(2017·北京卷)That's exactly (exact) what is happening in small neighborhoods around the country.
Ⅱ.教材与单句改错(每题最多2处错误)
1.I would be gratefully if you could give me some advices.gratefully→grateful; advices→advice
2.Your friend comes to school upsetting.upsetting→upset
3.You will ignore of the bell and go
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14.disagree vi.不同意→(反义词)agree vi.同意→agreement n．[U]同意；[C]协议
15.dislike n．& vt.不喜欢；厌恶→(反义词)like vt.喜欢
阅读单词
16.survey n. 调查；测验 17.loose adj. 松的；松开的
18.item n. 项目；条款 19.swap vt. 交换
somewhere quiet to calm your friend.去掉of; friend后加down
4.I am only able to look at nature through dirty curtains hung before very dust windows.hung→hanging; dust→dusty
5.They had to hide or they would be caught by those German.German→Germans
短语巧练
写准并记牢
高考与教材
1.add up 合计
2.calm down (使)平静下来；(使)镇定下来
3.be concerned about 关心；挂念
4.go through 经历；经受；完成；仔细检查
5.set down 记下；放下；登记
6.a series of 一连串的；一系列；一套
7.on purpose 故意地；有目的地
8.in order to 为了……→(同义短语)so as to
9.at dusk 在黄昏时刻
10.face to face 面对面地
11.suffer from 遭受；患病
12.be/get tired of 对……厌烦
13.pack (sth.) up 将(东西)装箱打包
14.get along/on with 与……相处；进展
15.join in 参加；加入→(同义短语)take part in
16.fall in love 相爱；爱上
Ⅰ.高考与单句填空
1.(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)I placed the chick in the nest, and it quickly calmed down.
2.(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)If you are interested, you can also join in papercutting.
3.(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)In order to make a change, you need to decide why it's important.
4.(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)I'd be very grateful if you could take some time to go through my application.
Ⅱ.教材与单句改错(每题最多2处错误)
1.Add up to your score and see how many points you get.去掉to
2.I stayed awake in purpose until half past eleven.in→on
3.I don't want to set down series of facts as most people do.series前加a
4.She was suffered from loneliness but she had to learn to like it there.去掉was
句式仿写
原句背诵
我会仿写
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1.“while ＋ doing”是状语从句的省略形式
While walking the dog, you were careless and it got loose and was hit by a car.
在遛狗时，你不小心松了手，结果狗被一辆汽车撞了。
1.(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)在店里上夜班时，他让一个无家可归者睡在他的卡车里。
While working overnight in a store, he let a homeless man sleep in his truck.
2.before引导时间状语从句，意为“过……之后才……”
She and her family hid away for nearly twenty－five months before they were discovered.
她与家人躲藏了将近25个月之后才被发现。
2.(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)如果你错过这次机会，也许要过很久你才能得到另一次机会。
If you miss this chance, it may be long before you get another one.
3.It is/was ... that ... 强调句型结构
It's because I haven't been able to be outdoors for so long that I've grown so crazy about everything to do with nature.
这是因为我长久无法出门的缘故，我变得对一切与大自然有关的事物都无比狂热。
3.(2017·天津卷)当我回到我的公寓的时候，我首先遇见了我的新邻居。
It was when I got back to my apartment that I first came across my new neighbours.
4.It/This/That is/was the first time that sb. has (have)/had done sth. 这/那是某人第一次做某事
It was the first time in a year and a half that I'd seen the night face to face.
这是我这一年半来第一次目睹夜晚。
4.(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)这是我市第三次举行剪纸艺术展览。
This is the third time that our city has held the paper－cutting exhibition.
重点全突破
Part 1 重点单词
1.upset adj.心烦意乱的；不安的；不适的∥vt. (upset, upset, upsetting) 使不安；使心烦；(熟词生义)打乱；打翻
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①She was upset to know (know) that her application was turned down.
②The other day, all my plans upset by the sudden change of the weather.upset前加were
(2)句式升级(按要求升级句式)
I don't know enough words and my grammar is also poor, which upsets me.
→③It upsets me that I don't know enough words and my grammar is also poor.(it作形式主语)
→④What upsets me is that I don't know enough words and my grammar is also poor.(what引导主语从句)
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后记牢
(1)be upset about/over/at sth. 为某事心烦/难过
be upset to do sth. 对做某事感到不安/难过
(2)What upsets sb. is ... 让某人心烦的是……
It upsets sb. to do sth./that ... 做某事让某人心烦/让某人心烦的是……
苍蝇总是烦他，让他很烦。
2.concern vt. (concerned, concerned, concerning) (使)担忧；涉及；关系到∥n.[U，C]担心；忧虑；[C] (pl. concerns)关心的事
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)Others are concerned (concern) about using gardening methods.
②(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)You showed me some photos concerning (concern) environmental protection.
③Those concerned about the accident should be arrested.about→in/with
(2)单句写作
④(2017·浙江11月卷满分作文)就我个人而言，你可以通过这些活动更好地了解春节。
As far as I am concerned, you can have a better understanding of the Spring Festival through the activities.
后记牢
concern oneself about/for ... 担忧/关心……
be concerned about/over/for ... 关心；挂念……
be concerned with/in ... 牵扯进/参与……
as/so far as ... be concerned 就……而言
◆提示concerned作“与……有关”讲时，作后置定语；作“焦急的；担忧的”讲时，作前置定语。
health concerns me.就我而言，父母忧心我的学习成绩，而我则担心他们的健康。3.power n．[U]能力；力量；权利；动力∥ (熟词生义)vt. (powered, powered, powering) 给……提供动力
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①(2016·四川卷)There are many powerful (power) people in their life and work.
②Such is a power of TV that it can make a person suddenly famous.第一个a→the
(2)词汇升级(用本单元所学高级词汇升级黑体词汇)
③(2017·全国卷Ⅰ满分作文)You are so diligent that I'll try my best to help you know more about Tang
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poems.do all/everything in my power
后记牢
(1)have the power of ...有……的能力
come to/into power 掌权；上台
beyond one's power 某人力所不能及的
do all/everything in one's power to do sth.
竭尽某人的全力做某事
(2)be powered by 由……提供动力；由……供电
◆佳句Once you are confident about your power over bad situations, problems are just stepping stones to success.一旦你对自己掌控恶劣局势的能力感到自信，难题就是你迈向成功的垫脚石。4.recover vi.(recovered, recovered, recovering)复原；恢复健康//vt.重新获得；恢复
先试做
(1)单句填空
①(2016·北京卷)He quickly gave the medicine to the sick children. All of them recovered (recover)．
②A number of stolen cellphones have been recovered (recover) so far.
(2)一句多译
感冒后这个男孩很快恢复了健康。
③The boy quickly recovered from his cold. (recover)
④The boy made a quick recovery from his cold.(recovery)
后记牢
(1)recover from ... 从……中恢复
recover oneself 恢复知觉
recover sth. 重新获得/找回某物
(2)make a recovery from ... 从……中恢复
◆佳句It took mum a few minutes to recover herself, and then she was back in control again.
妈妈过了好几分钟才镇静下来，然后又恢复了常态。
5.settle vt.(settled, settled, settling)使定居；安排；解决//vi.安家；定居；停留
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①(2017·天津卷)Mr. and Mrs. Brown would like to see their daughter settle down, get married, and have kids.
②They settled down to a serious discussion over coffee.
③Jack visited Paris and finally settling there. settling→settled
(2)单句写作
我解决我和他之间的分歧有点困难。
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④I have some trouble in settling the disagreement between him and me.
后记牢
settle sth. 解决某事
settle down 安顿下来；使平静下来
settle down to (doing) sth. 着手/专心于(做)某事
settle in ... 在……居住
settle on/upon sth. 决定/同意某事
◆佳句Kari had already settled herself in a corner where she could watch.
卡丽早已在一个方便观察的角落里舒服地坐下来了。
After settling in the new city, I suffered from a bad cold and felt upset. Fortunately, it was my friend who was concerned about me and did everything in his power to help me. Gradually, I recovered and adapted to the new surroundings, for which I would always be grateful to my friend.
Part 2 短语与句型
1．add up 合计；把……加起来
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①(2016·天津卷)The dictionary is out of date: many words have been added (add) to the language since it was published.
②The teacher asked me if I was ready, adding (add) that everybody was waiting for me.
③His total income was added up to 50,000 yuan last year.去掉was
(2)单句写作
(2017·全国卷Ⅱ满分作文)另外，参观展览将增加你对中国传统文化的理解。
④In addition/Additionally, visiting the exhibition will add to your understanding of traditional Chinese culture.
后记牢
(1)add up .../add ... up 把……加起来
add up to 加起来等于；总计
add to 增加；增添
add ... to ... 把……加到/进……里
add that ... 补充说……
(2)in addition to 除了……外(还)
in addition(＝additionally) 此外；而且
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记住：点点滴滴可以聚成大梦想。
2.go through 经历；经受；检查；完成；通过；浏览
先试做
[一词多义]写出下列句中黑体部分的含义
①How does she keep smiling after all she's gone through？经历；经受
②Her application went through and she was employed.通过
③We spent days going through all related reference materials.检查
④With great concentration she went through the movements.完成
后记牢
go through with ... 完成/做完……
break through 突破；突围
get through 完成；通过；打通电话
look through 看穿；识破；浏览
live through 经受住
see through 看穿；识破
◆佳句Not until he went through real hardship did he realize the love for his family is important.直到他经历了真正的苦难他才意识到对家人的爱是很重要的。
3.get along/on with 与……相处；进展
先试做
(1)单句改错
①Only those who have a lot in common can get along nicely with. 去掉with
②It's time that I got down to think about my future.think→thinking
(2)单句写作
尽管学生们来自不同的国家，但他们彼此相处得很好。
③Though the students came from different countries, they got along quite well with each other.
后记牢
(1)get along/on well/nicely/badly with ...
与……相处融洽/不好；进展好/不好
get along 进展；相处
(2)get across 讲清楚；(使)被领会(to sb.)
get away from 离开……；从……脱身
get down to (doing) sth. 着手(做)某事
get over 克服4.While walking the dog, you were careless and it got loose and was hit by a car.在遛狗时，你不小心松了手，结果狗被一辆汽车撞了。
句型公式 while/when＋doing/done ...
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先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①(2017·浙江11月卷)It is far better than any other method because you improve your vocabulary while reading (read) an interesting piece of literature.
②(2017·北京卷)When not allowed (allow) to sleep, lab rats die within a month.
③If was necessary, you should turn to your parents for help.去掉was
(2)句式升级(利用省略句式升级)
(2016·四川卷满分作文)I feel especially pleased while I am walking in the spring rain.
→④I feel especially pleased while walking in the spring rain.
后记牢
省略句的条件
状语从句中的主语与主句主语一致或状语从句中的主语是代词it
省略句的形式
省略从句中的主语和be动词
常见形式
if possible如果可能的话；if so如果这样；if any如果有
get promoted, Henry did his best to perform his duty.
在等待升职期间，亨利尽最大努力履行他的职责。
5.I wonder if it's because I haven't been able to be outdoors for so long that I've grown so crazy about everything to do with nature.我不知道这是不是因为我长久无法出门的缘故，我变得对一切与自然有关的事物都无比狂热。
句型公式 It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who ...强调句型
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①It is the film producer Zhang Yimou that/who directed Beijing's 8－minute show at the closing ceremony in Pyeong－chang Olympics.
②(2016·上海卷)It is only too much stress that does you harm.
③Was that because Jack came late for school that Mr. Smith got angry？第一个that→it
④It was the other day when they knew the secret about Jack's failure.when→that
(2)句式升级(利用强调句式升级)
Not until the early 19th century was his musical gift fully recognized.
→⑤It was not until the early 19th century that his musical gift was fully recognized.
后记牢
It is/was ... that/who ...强调句型
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基本句式
It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他部分
一般疑问句
Is/Was it＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他部分
特殊疑问句
疑问词＋is/was it＋that/who＋其他部分(若放于宾语从句位置应使用陈述语序)
not ... until ...
句型的强调句
It is/was not until＋被强调部分＋that＋其他部分
6.It was the first time in a year and a half that I'd seen the night face to face.这是我一年半以来第一次目睹夜晚。
句型公式 It/This/That is/was the first/second/... time that sb. has (have)/had done sth. “这/那是某人第一次/第二次……做某事”
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①It is the first time that the student has won (win) first prize in such a big competition.
②(2016·四川卷)It was also time for the young panda to be (be) independent.
③There was time when he was so crazy about pop songs.time前加a
(2)单句写作
(2017·浙江11月卷满分作文)这是你第一次在中国庆祝春节。
④It is the first time that you have celebrated the Spring Festival in China.
后记牢
(1)当主句为一般现在时或一般将来时时，从句的谓语动词用现在完成时；当主句为一般过去时时，从句的谓语动词用过去完成时。
(2)It is (about/high) time that＋主语＋did (过去式)/should do... 到了某人做……的时候了
(3)It is time (for sb.) to do ...
到了(某人)做……的时候了
(4)It/There was a time when ...
那是/曾有……的时期
◆佳句It was the first time that Chinese martial arts novelist Jin Yong's legends of the Condor Heroes had been published in English.中国武侠小说家金庸的《射雕英雄传》第一次出版英译本。
As this is the first time that I've left home to study in a new school, I have got through many difficulties.
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While studying in the school, I sometimes get tired. It was my teacher's encouragement that added to my confidence and helped me get along well with my studies.
集训新思路
四 维 夯 基
Ⅰ.在空白处填入1个适当的单词或所给单词的正确形式——热考用法
1．They have invented a new car, which (power) by solar batteries.
答案与解析 is powered 设空在which后的定语从句中作谓语。a new car与power是被动关系，故用被动语态，故填is powered。
2．Consider what are your likes and (dislike) about your job.
答案与解析 dislikes 设空与and前的likes并列，故用名词dislike的复数形式。
3．They could communicate even when they strongly (agree) about the lists.
答案与解析 disagreed 设空处谓语动词与主句谓语could communicate时态一致，应用一般过去时，再由句意可知填disagreed。
4． (teenager) are damaging their health because they play computer games too much.
答案与解析 Teenagers 设空处在句中作主语，根据谓语are damaging可知，可数名词teenager应用复数形式，故填Teenagers。
5．This is one of the (item) in the agreement.
答案与解析 items one of＋名词复数，意为“……之一”，故可数名词item用复数形式。
6．It was not until the area was seriously polluted they realized that it was time (take) action.
答案与解析 that; to take 第一空考查It was not until ... that ...强调句型结构，强调until引导的状语从句，故第一空填that。第二空考查It was time to do sth.“是做某事的时间了”，故填to take。
7．It is no pleasure (stay) at home doing homework all day.
答案与解析 staying It is no pleasure doing sth.“做某事没有乐趣”，故stay应用－ing形式。
8．He was asked to set the facts just as he remembered them.
答案与解析 down 根据语境“他被要求把事实都记下来”可知，此处用set down表“写下；记下”，故填down。
9．Steve happened (notice) her while she was cheating in the exam.
答案与解析 to notice happen to do sth.“碰巧做某事”，固定搭配。
10．John is crazy football and he plays football all day.
答案与解析 about be crazy about ...“对……着迷”，固定搭配。
Ⅱ.用括号内动词的正确形式填空——不规则变化
1．I (swap) my concert ticket for her film ticket yesterday.
答案与解析 swapped 设空在句中作谓语，根据时间状语yesterday，可知谓语动词用一般过去时。swap
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(交换)—swapped—swapped—swapping。
2．Harry (hide) under the bed until they had gone.
答案与解析 hid 根据语境可知，此处指“亨利藏在床下一直到他们走了”，从句谓语用过去完成时，故主句用一般过去时。hide(藏)—hid—hidden—hiding。
3．You'd better keep your information (hide) from strangers.
答案与解析 hidden 设空在句中作宾补，hide与宾语your information是逻辑上的动宾关系，故填hidden。
4．Last year, a painting of Van Gogh (hang) on the wall.
答案与解析 hung 根据句中时间状语Last year可知，设空处作谓语应用一般过去时，故填hung。hang(悬挂)—hung—hung—hanging。hang(吊死；绞死)—hanged—hanged—hanging。
5．He (go) through all his money in the past weeks.
答案与解析 has gone 根据句中时间状语in the past weeks可知，设空处谓语用现在完成时，故填has gone。go through“经历；用完”。go(走；消失；进展；变得)—went—gone—going。
6．She (tip) the vase on purpose the other day.
答案与解析 tipped 根据句中时间状语the other day(几天前)可知，设空处作谓语用一般过去时，故填tipped。tip(翻倒)—tipped—tipped—tipping。
7．He stood up suddenly, (upset) a cup of milk on my coat.
答案与解析 upsetting 设空在句中作结果状语，表自然而然的结果，应用现在分词，故填upsetting。upset(打翻)—upset—upset—upsetting。
8．The moment I saw the beautiful garden, I (fall) in love with it.
答案与解析 fell 根据从句谓语saw可知，主句用一般过去时，故填fell。fall in love with ...“爱上……”。fall(落下；下降；降临；变成)—fell—fallen—falling。
Ⅲ.改正下列句子中的唯一错误——易错混用
1．Concerning about his sick wife, he hurried home immediately after the meeting.
答案与解析 Concerning→Concerned be concerned about ...“担心/关心……”，在句中作状语应用过去分词，故Concerning改为Concerned。
2．She likes watching TV, but dislikes walk the dog.
答案与解析 walk→walking dislike doing sth.“不喜欢做某事”，故walk改为walking。
3．Don't panic or get out of line, and try to remain quiet and calmly.
答案与解析 calmly→calm 此处与quiet并列作remain的表语，remain calm“保持平静”，故calmly改为calm。
4．The car suffered from severe damage in the accident.
答案与解析 去掉from suffer damage“遭受损害”，from多余，故去掉。
5．I'm grateful of you for your help.
答案与解析 of→to be grateful to sb. for sth.“因某事感激某人”。
6．I am having some trouble in my classmates at the moment.
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答案与解析 in→with have trouble with sb./sth.“与某人/事有麻烦/问题”；have＋trouble (in) doing sth.“做某事有困难”，故in改为with。
7．We need to get to the root of the problem after we can solve it.
答案与解析 after→before 根据语境“我们需要在解决问题之前先找到它的根源”可知，应用before引导时间状语从句，表“……之前”。
8．I still find hard to make good friends with them.
答案与解析 find后加it 此处为“find it＋adj.＋to do”结构，it作形式宾语，不定式是真正的宾语。
9．Roy really wants to meet his favourite pop star face with face.
答案与解析 with→to face to face“面对面”。
10．Having got tiring of staying indoors for days, we are longing to go out and relax ourselves.
答案与解析 tiring→tired get tired of sth./doing sth.“厌倦(做)某事”。
Ⅳ.根据语境选出画线部分的正确含义——熟词生义
A．supplied with power B．fired C．find
1．Police have so far failed to recover the stolen jewellery. C
2．The car which is powered by solar batteries sells well. A
小题补练
语法填空
When we arrived at Prinsengracht, we went quickly upstairs and into the 1. (hide) place. We closed the door behind us and we were alone. Margot had come 2. (fast) on her bike than us and was already waiting 3. us. There were 4. (box) on the floor and the beds, making the rooms in a mess. In order 5. (sleep) in comfortable beds that night, we had got to start clearing up at once. Mummy and Margot were not able to help. They were tired and 6. (lie) down on their beds. However, it was Daddy and I, the two helpers of the family 7. got down to working at once.
The whole day we 8. (unpack) cases, filled the cupboards and tidied, until we got extremely tired. We did sleep in clean beds that night, but hadn't had any warm food to eat all day. Mummy and Margot were too tired and worried to eat, so 9. went to sleep without 10. (eat) anything.
答案与解析
1．hiding 考查非谓语动词。设空处所填词在句中作定语，修饰名词place，说明被修饰名词place的功能、作用和目的，应用动名词，故填hiding。a hiding place“藏身之处”。a hidden message/information“隐含之意/暗含的信息”。
2．faster 考查比较等级。根据设空后的比较级提示词than可知，该空应用形容词比较级。
3．for 考查动词短语。wait for sb.“等待某人”。
4．boxes 考查名词的数。根据句中谓语动词were可知，该空应填复数名词。
5．to sleep 考查非谓语动词。in order to do sth.“为了做某事”。
6．lay 考查时态。设空处所填谓语动词与and前的谓语were tired时态一致，故用一般过去时，填过去式lay。
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lie(躺)—lay—lain—lying。
7．that/who 考查强调句式。该处是强调句式结构，强调主语Daddy and I，故用that/who引导强调句式。
8．unpacked 考查时态。设空处所填谓语与该句中的filled和tidied时态一致，应用一般过去时，故填unpacked。
9．they 考查代词。设空处所填词在句中作主语，且指代设空前的Mummy and Margot，故填人称代词they。
10．eating 考查非谓语动词。设空前是介词without，故该空填动名词。without doing sth.“在没有做某事的情况下”。
写 作 提 能
用本单元词汇、句式和语法知识写满分作文
假设你是李华，你的英国笔友Amy来信说她每逢重要考试都会倍感焦虑。请你给她写封回信，内容包括：
①表示理解并给予安慰；②提出具体建议。
(一)根据提示利用本单元所学知识补全短文(无提示处请填写适当的过渡衔接词汇：first of all、in addition、finally)
Dear Amy，
❶Hearing that you feel nervous whenever you're taking any important exam, I am worried. Many teenagers have such bad times, so ①don't be upset about it (不要为此烦恼). ②I'd like to offer you some useful tips (我想给你提一些有用的建议)．
③First of all, it's important to have a right attitude to exams. They help you check ④how you are getting along with your studies (你的学习进展情况如何). If you study hard and make careful plans for every exam, ⑤you will have no difficulty studying (你学习不会有困难). ⑥In addition, ❷getting enough sleep can make you energetic. ⑦Finally, you can ⑧join in some outdoor activities (参加一些户外活动) to keep yourself relaxed before an exam.
I hope you will find my suggestions helpful.
Yours，
Li Hua
(二)按要求升级词汇和句式
1．用本单元所学词汇升级加波浪线词汇
worried→concerned
2．按要求升级句式
(1)用状语从句的省略形式升级句❶
Hearing that you feel nervous whenever taking any important exam, I am worried.
(2)利用强调句式升级句❷
it is getting enough sleep that can make you energetic
Unit 2 English around the world
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基础巧回顾
见学生用书P007
单词巧练
写准并记牢
高考与教材
重点单词
1.request n．& vt.请求；要求
2.straight ad v.直接；挺直 adj.直的；笔直的
3.command n．& vt.命令；指令；掌握→commander n．[C]指挥官
4.base vt.以……为根据 n．[C]基部；基地；基础→basic adj. 基本的；基础的→basically ad v.基本上；大体上
5.recognize vt.辨认出；承认；公认→recognition n．[U]辨认；认出
6.gradual adj.逐渐的；逐步的→gradually ad v.逐渐地；逐步地
7.latter adj.较后的；后半的；(两者中)后者的→latest adj.最新的；最近的→later ad v.后来 adj.后期的→lately ad v.近来；最近
8.fluent adj.流利的；流畅的→fluently ad v.流利地；流畅地→fluency n．[U]流畅
9.frequent adj.频繁的；常见的→frequently ad v.常常；频繁地→frequency n．[U]频率；频繁
10.expression n．[C]词语；[U]表示；表达→express vt.表达；表示
11.actually ad v.实际上；事实上→actual adj.实际的；真实的
12.official adj.官方的；正式的；公务的 n．[C]官员→officially ad v.官方地；正式地
阅读单词
13.vocabulary n．词汇；词汇量；词表
Ⅰ.高考与单句填空
1.(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)As you know, paper－cutting is recognized (recognize) as one of traditional Chinese cultures.
2.(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)The title will be officially (official) given to me at a ceremony in London.
3.(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)I was delighted at the presence (present) of such a student.
4.(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)Actually (actual), I'm going to meet with Professor Smith at ten past two.
5.(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)Food in small pieces could be eaten easily with twigs (树枝) which gradually (gradual) turned into chopsticks.
Ⅱ.教材与单句改错(每题最多2处错误)
1.Although many Americans move a lot, but they still recognized and understand each other's dialects.去掉but; recognized→recognize
2.When people use words and expression different from the standard language, it is called a dialect.expression→expressions
3.India has a large number of fluently English speakers because
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14.native adj.本国的；本地的 n．本地人；本国人
15.voyage n．航行；航海
Britain ruled India from 1765 to 1947.fluently→fluent
短语巧练
写准并记牢
高考与教材
1.more than 超过；非常；不只是；不仅是
2.come up 走近；上来；提出
3.be based on 以……为基础
4.believe it or not 信不信由你
5.play a part (in) 扮演一个角色；参与
6.because of 因为；由于
7.the number of ……的数量
8.at present 现在；目前
9.make use of 利用；使用
10.even if 即使；尽管
11.such as 例如……；像……那样的
Ⅰ.高考与单句填空
1.(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)I'm more than happy to invite you to visit the exhibition.
2.(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)You should make use of these materials to understand the background of the poems.
3.(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)The Tang Poetry plays an important part in Chinese literature.
Ⅱ.教材与单句改错(每题最多2处错误)
1.It was basing more on German than the English we speak at the present.basing→based; 去掉第二个the
2.And because that, English began to be spoken in many other countries.because后加of
3.The number of people learning English in China are increasing rapidly.are→is
句式仿写
原句背诵
我会仿写
1.even if＝even though意为“即使；尽管”，引导让步状语从句
Native English speakers can understand each other even if they don't speak the same kind of English.
以英语作为母语的人，即使他们所讲的英语不尽相同，也可以相互理解。
2.more ... than ... “与其说……倒不如说……”
It was based more on German than the English we
1.(2016·北京卷)尽管九十多岁了，爷爷仍旧偶尔打网球。
My grandfather still plays tennis now and then, even if he's in his nineties.
2.在我看来，他有勇无谋。
As far as I'm concerned, he was more brave than wise.
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speak at present.
当时的英语更多是以德语为基础，而不是我们今天所说的英语。
3.there is no such ... “没有这样的……”
Believe it or not, there is no such thing as standard English.
信不信由你，(世界上)没有什么标准英语。
3.事实上，在这一带没有你描述的那种车。
In fact, there is no such car as you describe in the neighborhood.
重点全突破
见学生用书P008
Part 1 重点单词
1.base vt. (based, based, basing) 以……为根据∥n.[C](pl. bases) 基部；基地；基础
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①The movie, based (base) on a reallife incident, turned out to be a success.
②Based an important decision more on emotion than on reason, you will regret it sooner or later.Based→Basing
(2)一句多译
根据这些事实，我们可以得出以下结论。
③On the basis of the facts, we can reach these conclusions.(basis)
④Based on/upon the facts, we can reach these conclusions.(base)
后记牢
(1)base ... on/upon .../be based on/upon ...
以……为基础/依据
(2)on the basis of ... 根据……；在……的基础上
(3)basically adv. 基本上；大体上
◆佳句 Critics say these programmes are basically bad, but people still watch them.评论者说这些节目总的来说是不好的，可人们还在看。
2.command n. ①[C](pl. commands) 命令 ②[U] (常用单数)掌握∥vt. (commanded, commanded, commanding) 命令；指挥；支配；获得；赢得
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①I'm at your command—what would you like me to do?
②The police arrived and took command of the situation.
③The commander commanded the work stopped.stopped前加be
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(2)补全句子/句式升级
④Besides, I have such a good command of English/have so good a command of English(如此精通英语)that I am elected as assistant to my English teacher.
⑤(用倒装句升级练习④)Besides, such a good command of English do I have/so good a command of English do I have that I am elected as assistant to my English teacher.
后记牢
(1)at sb.'s command 听某人支配
be in command of 掌握；控制
take command of 控制
have a good command of 掌握；精通
(2)command sb. to do sth. 命令某人做某事
command that ... (should) do sth.
命令…… 做某事
◆佳句His bravery in the rescue commanded our respect.他在援救中的勇敢赢得了我们的尊重。
3.request n．[C] 请求；要求∥vt. (requested, requested, requesting) 请求；要求
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①All members are requested (request) to attend the meeting tomorrow.
②Our request is that the performer (should) play (play) in public again.
③They arrived there under the teacher's request.under→at
④It's requested that all the articles is related to students' life.is→be
(2)一句多译
老师要求我们为考试做好充分的准备。
⑤Our teacher made a request that we (should) be well prepared for the exam.
⑥Our teacher requested that we (should) be well prepared for the exam.
⑦Our teacher requested us to be well prepared for the exam.
后记牢
(1)make (a) request for .../that ...
请求/要求……
at sb.'s request/at the request of sb.
应某人的要求
(2)request sb. to do sth. 请求某人做某事
request that ... (should) do sth. 要求/请求……做某事
It is requested that ... (should) do sth. 要求……做某事
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他无视邻居不让他那样吵闹的请求。
4.recognize vt. (recognized, recognized, recognizing) 辨认出；承认；公认
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①Though he is recognized as a pop star, being recognized in public has brought him much trouble.(recognize)
②The city has changed beyond all recognitions since I was last here.recognitions→recognition
(2)句型转换
Air pollution is recognized to have become one of the most serious problems.
→③It is recognized that air pollution has become one of the most serious problems.
后记牢
(1)recognize sb./one's voice
认出某人/听出某人的声音
be recognized to be/as ... 被认为是……
It is recognized that ... 人们公认……
(2) beyond (all) recognition 认不出来
◆佳句We recognize this is an unpleasant choice we have to make.我们承认这是一个我们不得已而做出的令人不愉快的决定。
It is recognized that speaking fluent English is based on hard work. Therefore, our English teacher frequently requests us to practise hard so that we can have a good command of English.
Part 2 短语与句型
1．come up走近；上来；发芽；发生；被提出；(太阳、月亮等)升起(无被动语态)
先试做
(1)[一词多义]写出下列句中黑体部分的含义
①I'd love to join you, but something unexpected has come up.发生
②The plan came up at the meeting.被提出
③The moon came up and bathed the town in sliver light.升起
④I planted some seeds. But they failed to come up.发芽
(2)单句写作
无论谁在几分钟之内想出这个问题的答案都可以离开。
⑤Whoever can come up with the answer to the question in a few minutes is allowed to leave.
后记牢
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come up with sth. 想出/提出某事
come about 发生(不及物)
come across (偶然)遇见；发现
come out 出来；(书等)出版；发行
when it comes to (doing) sth.
当谈到(做)某事时
当谈到在公共场合发言时，无人能与他相比。
2.make use of 利用；使用 (use可用good/full/little 修饰)
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①We should make full use of every chance to practise speaking English.
② With the examination approaching, full use must be made (make) of every minute to go over lessons.
③It's no use complaining (complain) without taking action.
④I hope the information will be of great useful to you.useful→use
(2)句式升级(用被动句升级练习①)
→⑤Every chance should be made full use of to practise speaking English.
→⑥Full use should be made of every chance to practise speaking English.
后记牢
(1)make full/good use of 充分利用
make the best/most of 充分利用
be made use of to do ... 被利用做……
(2)be of great use＝be very useful 很有用
It is no use/useless doing sth. 做某事没用
我利用业余时间开始学画画。
3.It was based more on German than the English we speak at present.当时的英语更多是以德语为基础，而不是我们今天所说的英语。
句型公式 more ... than ... “与其说……倒不如说……”
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①She was more worried than angry when her daughter didn't go home.
②His whole school education added up to no more (much) than three years.
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③He earns not much than 2,000 dollars a month.much→more
(2)词汇升级(用本单元所学高级词汇升级黑体词汇)
④(2017·全国卷Ⅱ满分作文)I'd be very grateful if you could accept my invitation.more than
后记牢
(1)more than＋数词或从句 超过……
more than＋形容词 非常……的
more than＋名词 不只是/不仅仅是……
(2)no more than 只不过；仅仅
not more than 不超过；至多
(3)other than 除了
rather than 而不是
◆佳句Fishing is more than a sport; it's an art.
钓鱼不只是一项运动，它是一门艺术。
4.Believe it or not, there is no such thing as standard English.信不信由你，(世界上)没有什么标准英语。
句型公式 There is no such＋单数名词＋as ... “没有像……这样的……”，其中单数名词前不可再加冠词
先试做
(1)对比填空：that/as
①It's such a difficult problem as we can't work out.
②It's such a difficult problem that we can't work it out.
(2)单句写作/句式升级
③世上没有失败，那不过是生活想让我们换个方向罢了。
There is no such thing as failure. Failure is just life trying to move us in another direction.
④He is such a good professor that everyone respects him.(利用倒装句式升级)
→Such a good professor is he that everyone respects him.
后记牢
(1)such 与a/an连用时要放在a/an的前面；与all、no、some、any、few、little、many、much、several、one等词连用时，应位于它们的后面。
(2)such＋that ...
如此……以至于……
(3)such ... as ... “像……这样的……”，as 在句中引导定语从句。
◆佳句(朗文词典)These days
thing as a job for life.
如今已经没有终身职业。
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Believe it or not, more than one tip concerning English learning came up at the class meeting. As there is no such thing as a shortcut in English learning, any time available should be made use of to practise speaking English. Only in this way can we learn English much better.
集训新思路
四 维 夯 基
本部分练习中加黑体词语是必修1 Unit 1的词汇复现，如有遗忘，请及时回顾。
Ⅰ.在空白处填入1个适当的单词或所给单词的正确形式——热考用法
1．As far as I'm concerned, I want to own a room (base) on my own personal taste.
答案与解析 based be based on ...“以……为基础”，设空处作定语，故用过去分词based。
2．In order to speak English (fluent), I practise oral English with my partner every day.
答案与解析 fluently 在句中作状语修饰动词speak，应用副词，故用fluently。
3．The film star dislikes (recognize) in public, so he has got to wear sunglasses.
答案与解析 being recognized dislike doing sth.“不喜欢做某事”，recognize与The film star是动宾关系，故用v.－ing的被动式being v.－ed，故填being recognized。
4．As the weather (gradual) becomes warmer, the two Germans will recover soon.
答案与解析 gradually 在句中作状语修饰谓语动词becomes，应用副词，故填gradually。
5．When we saw the highway entirely (block) with snow, we decided to spend the holiday at home.
答案与解析 blocked 设空在句中作宾补，与宾语the highway构成逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词作宾补，故填blocked。
6．I advise you to do what you like to keep calm, such listening to music, doing sports and so on.
答案与解析 as such as“例如”，固定搭配。
7．The number of the people, who walk the dog outdoors, (rise) sharply in the past years.
答案与解析 has risen 设空在句中作谓语，根据句中时间状语in the past years可知，谓语用现在完成时，故填has risen。rise(上升)—rose—risen—rising。
8．Even my work is challenging, I don't get tired of it.
答案与解析 if/though even if/though“即使”，引导让步状语从句。
9．Though friends play an important part our lives, we now lack time to communicate with them face to face.
答案与解析 in play an important part in ...“在……中起重要作用”，故填in。
10．The form in the suitcase cannot be signed by anyone than yourself.
答案与解析 other other than“除了”，固定搭配。本句句意为：“手提箱里的文件除了你任何人都不能签”。
Ⅱ.用括号内动词的正确形式填空——不规则变化
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1．The girl always kept silent unless (speak) to.
答案与解析 spoken speak to与The girl是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词作状语。speak(说)—spoke—spoken—speaking。
2．The subject (come) up in conversation but later it was ignored.
答案与解析 came 设空在句中作谓语，由but后连接分句中的谓语was ignored可知，设空用一般过去时，故填came。come up“被提出；走近；上来”。come(来)—came—come—coming。
3．Better use could (make) of our limited resources.
答案与解析 be made 此处是make use of sth.的被动形式use be made of sth.，故填be made。make(使得；制造)—made—made—making。
4．The spider (catch) and ate the fly and it was never (see) again!
答案与解析 caught; seen 根据句中的ate和was可知第一空用一般过去时，故填caught。第二空主语it与see是被动关系，故用过去分词seen构成被动语态。see(看见)—saw—seen—seeing。catch(捉住)—caught—caught—catching。
5．When Americans moved from one place to another, they (take) their dialects with them.
答案与解析 took 根据when从句中的谓语动词moved可知，主句谓语用一般过去时，故填took。take(拿)—took—taken—taking。
Ⅲ.改正下列句子中的唯一错误——易错混用
1．There are a series of messages requested your personal information, but you'd better ignore them.
答案与解析 requested→requesting messages与request是逻辑上的主动关系，故用requesting作后置定语修饰messages。
2．Actually, the African elephant is native of Africa.
答案与解析 of→to be native to“原产于”。
3．Buses no longer run frequent between the city and the airport.
答案与解析 frequent→frequently 修饰谓语动词run应用副词，故frequent改为frequently。
4．Of the two opinions, I disagree with the former, but prefer a latter.
答案与解析 a→the the former, the latter“前者；后者”。
5．I get along well with the girl who has good command of the German language.
答案与解析 good前加a have a good command of“精通；掌握”。
6．There is an answering machine for you to make use.
答案与解析 use后加of make use of sth.“利用某物的”。句中make use of用不定式形式作后置定语修饰machine，of不能省。
7．He came up us and joined in our discussion.
答案与解析 up后加to come up to sb.“走向某人；走近某人”。
8．As far as I know, he was very upset because what you said just now.
答案与解析 because后加of because of“因为；由于”是介词短语，后接n./pron./v.
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－ing/what从句，由句中的what you said可知because后应加of。
9．Believe or not, Robert has settled in Beijing since last year.
答案与解析 Believe后加it believe it or not“信不信由你”。
10．There is no such a boy as has suffered from depression and loneliness.
答案与解析 去掉a such与no连用时后接单数名词，不加冠词。There is no such＋单数名词＋as ...“没有像……这样的……”。
Ⅳ.根据语境选出画线部分的正确含义——熟词生义
A. get B. ordered C. occurred
1．Sorry. I can't go with you, because something has suddenly come up. C
2．Large football clubs benefit financially from TV income and the top players can command very large salaries. A
小题补练
短文改错
In present, English is playing an increasingly important part in our life. However, much problems will be come up in learning English. Every opportunity should be made full uses of to practise English.Only in this way can we eventually have good command of English.
Believe this or not, learning English should be basing on hard work. You shouldn't lose heart when facing with difficulties. Actual, everything comes with a price; there is no such thing like a free lunch in the world.
答案与解析
present, English is playing an increasingly important part in our life. However, problems will come up in learning English. Every opportunity should be made full of to practise English.Only in this way can we eventually have good command of English.
Believe or not, learning English should be on hard work. You shouldn't lose heart when 或with difficulties. ， everything comes with a price; there is no such thing a free lunch in the world.
①In→At 考查介词短语。at present“现在；目前”。
②much→many 考查形容词。problems是复数名词，应用many修饰；much修饰不可数名词或比较级。
③去掉be 考查语态。come up“发生；被提出”是不及物动词短语，不用于被动语态。
④uses→use 考查名词的数。make full use of“充分利用”。
⑤good前加a 考查固定短语。have a good command of“精通”。
⑥this→it 考查固定短语。believe it or not“信不信由你”。
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⑦basing→based 考查语态。be based on ...“以……为基础”。
⑧facing→faced或去掉with 考查状语从句的省略或固定短语。be faced with .../facing ...“面对……”。when引导的时间状语从句完整的形式应为when you are faced with/facing difficulties。
⑨Actual→Actually 考查副词。在句中作状语修饰全句，应用副词Actually。
⑩like→as 考查固定句式。there is no such thing as ...“没有像……这样的东西”。
写 作 提 能
用本单元词汇、句式和语法知识写满分作文
假设你是李华，你的朋友Tom因为受 “汉语热”的影响决心学习汉语，特意来信向你咨询。请你给他写封回信，说明这一现象的原因，并提出几条学习汉语的建议。
(一)根据提示利用本单元所学知识补全短文(无提示处请填写适当的过渡衔接词汇：therefore、most importantly)
Dear Tom，
①At present (目前), there are many foreigners learning Chinese, because China ②is playing an increasingly important part in the world (在世界上起着越来越重要的作用). With ③a good command of Chinese (精通汉语), you will get a better understanding of China, a 5,000－year－old multi－cultural country.
As for the advice of learning Chinese, I would say ④there is no such thing as a free lunch in the world (世界上没有免费的午餐). ⑤Therefore, speaking fluent Chinese ⑥should be based on hard work (应该以勤奋为基础). ⑦Make use of every opportunity to practise Chinese (利用一切机会练习汉语), because the more you use Chinese, the better you will learn it. ⑧Most importantly, ⑨even if many problems may come up (即使会出现许多问题) in learning Chinese, you should not lose heart.
Yours，
Li Hua
(二)按要求升级词汇和句式
1．用本单元所学词汇升级加波浪线词汇
many→a number of
2．按要求升级句式
利用“that is because ...”句式升级第一段第一句
At present, there are a number of foreigners learning Chinese, and that is because China is playing an increasingly important part in the world.
Unit 3 Travel journal
基础巧回顾
单词巧练
写准并记牢
高考与教材
重点单词
1.transport vt.运输；运送 n．[U]运送；运输
Ⅰ.高考与单句填空
1.(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)The trip is
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2.attitude n．[C]态度；看法
3.view n．[C，U]风景；视野；观点；见解 vt.观看；注视；考虑
4.boil vi. (指液体)沸腾；(水)开→boiling adj.正在沸腾的；酷热的→boiled adj.煮沸的；煮熟的
5.bend n．[C]弯；拐角 vt.使弯曲 vi.弯身；弯腰→bent/bent(过去式/过去分词)
6.schedule n．[C，U]时间表；进度表 vt.为某事安排时间
7.determine vt.决定；确定；下定决心→determined adj.坚决的；有决心的→determination n．[U]决心
8.persuade vt. 说服；劝说→persuasive adj.有说服力的→persuasion n．[U]说服
9.prefer vt.更喜欢；选择某事物(而不选择其他事物)→preference n．[C]偏爱；爱好
10.detail n．[C，U]细节；详情→detailed adj.详细的
11.disadvantage n．[C]不利条件；不便之处→advantage n．[C]有利条件；优势
12.organize vt.组织；成立→organizer n．[C]组织者→organization n．[C，U]组织→organized adj.有组织的
13.graduate vi.毕业 n．[C]大学毕业生→graduation n．[C，U]毕业；毕业典礼
14.finally ad v.最后；终于→final adj.最后的
15.reliable adj.可信赖的；可靠的→reliably ad v.可依赖地；可靠地→rely vi.依靠；信赖
阅读单词
16.journal n. 日记；杂志；定期刊物
17.insurance n．保险
18.flame n．火焰；光芒；热情
19.fare n．费用
20.stubborn adj.顽固的；固执的
scheduled to start (start) on December 21 in New York City.
2.(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)Fourteen wolves were caught in Canada and transported (transport) to the park.
3.(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)In America, May and June are the traditional months for graduation (graduate)．
4.(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)Only after a year of friendly discussion did Ms. Garza finally (final) say yes.
5.(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)Silence may be viewed (view) by some cultural groups as extremely uncomfortable.
6.(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)If you are a fruit grower—take advantage of Apple Day to see what's around.
Ⅱ.教材与单句改错(每题最多2处错误)
1.She gave me a determining look—the kind that said she would not change her mind.determining→determined
2.She was very reliably and I knew I didn't need to encourage her.reliably→reliable
3.Two years ago she bought an expensive mountain bike and then she persuaded me buy one.me后加to
4.The concert went like clockwork because Li Pei organized it so well.organized前加had
5.I prefer the red dress than the green one because it fits me
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better.than→to
短语巧练
写准并记牢
高考与教材
1.ever since 自从；自……以后
2.be fond of 喜爱；喜欢
3.care about 关心；忧虑；惦念
4.change one's mind 改变主意
5.make up one's mind 下决心；决定
6.give in 投降；屈服；让步
7.as usual 照常
8.at midnight 在午夜
9.put up 张贴；搭建
10.dream about/of 梦想
11.can't wait to do sth. 迫不及待地做某事
Ⅰ.高考与单句填空
1.(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)Knowing that you are fond of playing table tennis, I wonder if you'd like to join.
2.(2014·全国卷Ⅱ)Which boy hasn't dreamed of/about being a cool secret agent (特工)？
3.(2014·全国卷Ⅰ)The reports went missing in 2012 and nobody has seen (see) them ever since.
Ⅱ.教材与单句改错(每题最多2处错误)
1.Ever since middle school, my sister Wang Wei and I had dreamed taking a great bike trip.had→have; dreamed后加of/about
2.At the midnight the sky became clearer and the stars grew brighter.去掉第一个the
3.We can hardly wait to seeing them.seeing→see
句式仿写
原句背诵
我会仿写
1.insist后宾语从句的虚拟语气
Although she didn't know the best way of getting to places, she insisted that she organize the trip properly.
虽然她对去某些地方的最佳路线并不清楚，她却坚持要自己把这次旅行安排得尽善尽美。
1.他执意要求在会上讨论这个问题。
He insisted the problem (should) be discussed at the meeting.
2.主语＋be＋adj.＋to do结构
When I told her the air would be hard to breathe and it would be very cold, she said it would be an interesting experience.
当我告诉她那里空气稀薄，呼吸会困难而且天气很冷时，她却说这将是一次有趣的经历。
2.(2017·江苏卷)但是难以找到其他解释。
But alternative explanations are hard to find.
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3.“no matter＋疑问词”引导让步状语从句
A determined person always tries to finish the job, no matter how hard it is.
无论工作多么困难，意志坚定的人总会设法完成。
3.无论旅途多么艰辛，只要和家人在一起，我就不在乎。
No matter how tiring a journey is, as long as I'm with my family, I don't care.
重点全突破
Part 1 重点单词
1.prefer vt. (preferred, preferred, preferring) 更喜欢；选择某事物 (而不选择其他事物)
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①He prefers staying (stay) indoors to going (go) out this afternoon.
②People develop a preference for a particular style of learning at an early age and these preferences affect learning. (prefer)
③Kids prefer to be praised rather than being scolded.being→be
(2)一句多译
我宁愿过简单的生活也不愿去浪费有限的资源。
④I prefer living a simple life to wasting limited resources. (prefer)
⑤I prefer to live a simple life rather than waste limited resources. (prefer)
⑥I would have a preference for a simple life rather than waste limited resources. (preference)
⑦I would rather live a simple life than waste limited resources.
后记牢
(1)prefer sth. to sth. 与某物相比更喜欢某物
prefer to do/doing sth. 更喜欢做某事
prefer doing sth. to doing sth.
宁愿做某事而不愿做某事
prefer to do sth. rather than do sth.＝would do sth. rather than do sth./would rather do sth. than do sth.
宁愿做某事而不愿做某事
(2)have a preference for 偏爱；喜爱
◆佳句(2017·北京卷)I prefer the tour along the Yangtze, the longest river in China and one of the mother rivers of Chinese civilization.
我更喜欢长江之旅。长江是中国最长的河流也是中华文明的母亲河之一。
2.persuade vt. (persuaded, persuaded, persuading) 说服；劝说；使相信；使信服
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先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①He is very stubborn. Never can he be persuaded (persuade) to do whatever he dislikes.
②We persuaded him out of carrying (carry) out his foolish plan.
③Don't let yourself be persuaded to buying things you don't really need.to→into或buying→buy
(2)一句多译
我设法说服我的同学们接受了我的想法。
④I managed to persuade my classmates to accept my idea.
⑤I managed to persuade my classmates into accepting my idea.
后记牢
(1)persuade sb. of sth. 使某人相信某事
persuade sb. to do sth./persuade sb. into doing sth. 说服某人做某事
persuade sb. not to do sth./persuade sb. out of doing sth. 说服某人不做某事
(2)try to persuade sb. to do sth./advise sb. to do sth. 试图说服某人做某事
◆佳句(朗文词典)Leo wouldn't agree, despite our efforts to persuade him.尽管我们努力说服利奥，他还是不同意。
3.determine vt.& vi. (determined, determined, determining) 决定；确定；(使)下定决心
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①(2017·北京卷)This made Hannah very sad, and even more determined (determine) to do something.
②The determining look on his face showed that he had enough confidence in himself.determining→determined
(2)句式升级 (用分词作状语升级)
(2017·天津卷满分作文)I'm determined to perform well in the final exam, so I'm occupied in preparing for it.
→③Determined to perform well in the final exam, I'm occupied in preparing for it.
后记牢
(1)determine on/upon (doing) sth.
决定(做)某事
determine to do sth. 决定做某事(表示动作)
(2)be determined to do sth.
决心做某事(表示状态)
(3)with determination 坚决地
◆佳句I have determined on/upon working as a volunteer teacher in the countryside after graduation.
我已决定毕业后到农村支教。
4.view n．①[C] (pl. views)风景；观点；见解 ②[U]视野；视线∥vt. (viewed, viewed, viewing)
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观看；注视；考虑
先试做
(1)[一词多义]写出下列句中黑体部分的含义
①There was a tall man sitting in front of me, blocking my view completely.视线
②We were rewarded with a beautiful view while climbing the mountain.风景
③The mountains are a splendid sight when viewed from the valley floor.观看
④He presented his view on the subject.观点；见解
(2)单句写作
站在山顶，我们可以清楚地看到整个城市的美景。
⑤Standing at the top of the mountain, we can have a good view of the whole city.
后记牢
(1)have/get a good view of ... 看到/欣赏……
come into view 进入视野；看得见
in view 看得见
in view of 由于；鉴于；考虑到
in one's view/from one's point of view
在某人看来
(2)view ... as ... 把……看作……
◆佳句In view of the smoggy weather, the event will be held indoors.由于雾霾天气，比赛将在室内举行。
John determined to drop out of school because of his poor performance in the final exam. His classmates and teachers, who viewed his failure as just a lesson, tried their best to persuade him to remain and work hard. Finally, he gave up his idea and preferred to work harder rather than drop out.
Part 2 短语与句型
1．care about关心；忧虑；惦念；在乎
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)However, be careful (care) not to go to extremes.
②(2016·四川卷)The mother continued to care for the young panda for more than two years.
③He was taken good care in the nursing house. care后加of
(2)补全句子
④I will have a warm family where the members will love each other and care about each other(相互关心)．
后记牢
(1)care for 喜欢；照料
take care 当心
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take care of 照料；处理
with care 小心；慎重
(2)careful adj. 仔细的；小心的
◆佳句There stands a sign saying that take care that you don't slip on the icy road.
告示上写着：注意不要在结冰的路上滑倒。2.make up one's mind下决心；决定 (mind的单复数根据one's的单复数确定)
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①(2017·北京卷满分作文)After a heated discussion, we made up our minds to record our experiences at school.
②(2015·重庆卷)Peter changed the mind after a phone call at the last minute.第一个the→his
(2)词汇升级(用本单元所学高级词汇升级黑体词汇)
③Always remember that your main task is to get your English improved.bear/keep in mind
后记牢
change one's mind 改变主意
bear/keep ... in mind 记住……
have ...in mind 考虑；打算
fix one's mind on/upon ... 专心于……
read one's mind 看出某人的心思
◆佳句We're of the same mind about the matter.
在该问题上我们意见一致。
3.give in屈服；投降；让步；上交
先试做
选用右栏短语填空
①The famous person gave away his fortune to the charity after his death, which was surprising.
②The result of the examination won't be given out.
③You are the beautiful rose giving off great fragrance (香味) in a big garden.
④We will never give in, whatever they might do with it.
⑤The doctor had given her up, but she recovered gradually, which surprised us all.
后记牢
give in to sb. 向某人让步
give away 赠送；泄露；出卖
give back 归还
give off 发出(光、热、声音、气味等)
give out 分发；用完；耗尽；公布
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give up 放弃；停止；戒掉
◆佳句My money began to give out.
我的钱快要用光了。4.Although she didn't know the best way of getting to places, she insisted that she organize the trip properly.
虽然她对去某些地方的最佳路线并不清楚，她却坚持要自己把这次旅行安排得尽善尽美。
句型公式 insist＋that＋主语＋(should)＋动词原形
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①The doctor insisted that he was (be) seriously ill and that he (should) be operated (operate) on immediately.
②I preferred walking to the station, but he insisted on drive me there.drive→driving
(2)句式转换(将练习②改后的正确句子转换为insist that ...句式)
→③I preferred walking to the station, but he insisted that he (should) drive me there.
后记牢
(1)insist“坚持要求/坚决主张”后接宾语从句，谓语用(should)＋动词原形；当insist 其后接宾语从句且其内容为“一种说法、看法或事实”时，从句用陈述语气。
(2) insist on (doing) sth.坚持(做)某事
◆佳句Mike insisted that he was right and that we should put up our tent.
迈克坚持自己是正确的并坚决要求我们搭起帐篷。
5.When I told her the air would be hard to breathe and it would be very cold, she said it would be an interesting experience.当我告诉她那里空气稀薄，呼吸会困难而且天气很冷时，她却说这将是一次有趣的经历。
句型公式 主语＋be＋adj.＋不定式
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①A man who is so difficult to please (please) must be hard to work (work) with.
②This sentence is not easy to explain it.去掉it
③In my view, the new flat is very comfortable to live.live后加in
(2)单句写作
我热心、随和，因此很容易相处。
④I'm so warm－hearted and easy－going that I'm easy to get along with.
后记牢
句型：主语＋be＋形容词＋不定式。
特点：不定式的主动形式表被动。
条件：不定式和句子的主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系；形容词有difficult、hard、easy、comfortable、pleasant、interesting、exciting等。
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◆佳句The future is a dream which is pleasant to look forward to, but what we have is now.未来是一个值得憧憬的梦，但现在才是我们真正拥有的。
集训新思路
四 维 夯 基
本部分练习中加黑体词语是必修1 Unit 2的词汇复现，如有遗忘，请及时回顾。
Ⅰ.在空白处填入1个适当的单词或所给单词的正确形式——热考用法
1．At present, the products (transport) from the factory to the station.
答案与解析 are being transported 根据句中时间状语At present和语境“这些产品现在正在从工厂被运往车站”可知设空处用现在进行时。transport与主语the products是动宾关系，故用现在进行时的被动语态，故填are being transported。
2．I requested that the trip (schedule) to start tomorrow.
答案与解析 (should) be scheduled request后接that宾语从句，从句谓语用(should) do形式。主语the trip与schedule是被动关系，故填(should) be scheduled。
3．If you don't have a good command of English, you'll be at a (advantage)．
答案与解析 disadvantage 根据语境“如果你不掌握好英语，你会处于劣势”可知，设空处填disadvantage。at a disadvantage“处于劣势”。
4．Such a positive attitude life plays an important part in lifting your spirits.
答案与解析 to/towards an attitude to/towards ...“对……的态度”。
5．John is recognized to be (rely) and hardworking, so you can rely him.
答案与解析 reliable; on 第一空填rely的形容词在句中作be动词的表语，故填reliable。第二空考查rely on“依靠；依赖”。
6．Even if he was advised to drink (boil) water, he just didn't listen.
答案与解析 boiled boiled water“白开水”。
7．There used to be more than one small river, which (flow) into the big one.
答案与解析 flowed 根据主句中的谓语动词used可知从句谓语也用一般过去时，故填flowed。flow是规则动词，其过去式、过去分词分别是flowed、flowed。切不可误写为flew、flown。
8．Everyone present at the meeting had different (view), so they failed to reach an agreement.
答案与解析 views 根据设空前的different可知，可数名词view应用复数形式，故填views。
9．There was no way she could persuade him her innocence.
答案与解析 of persuade sb. of sth.“使某人相信某事”。
10．The river flows three countries before flowing into the sea.
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答案与解析 through 根据语境“这条河在汇入大海前流经三个国家”可知，设空处填介词through表“经过”。
Ⅱ.用括号内动词的正确形式填空——不规则变化
1．He (bend) down and picked up the coins lying on the ground.
答案与解析 bent 根据and后的picked可知，设空处用一般过去时，故填bent。bend(弯腰)—bent—bent—bending。
2．Mary left our school, because she (prefer) a small class to a large one.
答案与解析 preferred 根据主句中的谓语动词left可知，because从句中的谓语也用一般过去时，故填preferred。prefer(更喜欢)—preferred—preferred—preferring。
3．At present, they (put) up several new houses on our street.
答案与解析 are putting 根据时间状语At present及句意可知，设空处用现在进行时，故填are putting。put up“建造”。put(放，安置)—put—put—putting。
4．I wanted to pay the train fare, but my African friend insisted. Finally I (give) in.
答案与解析 gave 根据设空前一句中的wanted和insisted可知，设空处也用一般过去时，故填gave。give in“放弃”。give(给予)—gave—given—giving。
5．We (ride) a train to Beijing while they drove a car there.
答案与解析 rode 根据while从句中的谓语动词drove可知，设空处谓语用一般过去时，故填rode。ride(乘坐)—rode—ridden—riding。
6．When he was 13, he (make) up his mind to become a high official.
答案与解析 made 根据从句中的动词was可知，设空处谓语用一般过去时，故填made。make up one's mind“下决心”。make(做；制造)—made—made—making。
7．We found it was so cold that our water bottles (freeze)．
答案与解析 froze 根据设空前的动词found和was可知，设空处谓语用一般过去时，故填froze。freeze(冰冻)—froze—frozen—freezing。
Ⅲ.改正下列句子中的唯一错误——易错混用
1．We were so high that we found ourselves cycled through clouds.
答案与解析 cycled→cycling find oneself doing sth.“发现自己正在做某事”，故cycled改为cycling。
2．Actually, she is easily persuading to buy things that aren't suitable for her.
答案与解析 persuading→persuaded 根据语境“实际上，她很容易被说服去买不适合她的东西”可知，she与persuade是被动关系，故persuading改为persuaded。
3．After months of seeking, he final found a job in the eastern city.
答案与解析 final→finally 修饰谓语动词found应用副词，故final改为finally。
4．It was because of his frequent request that they organize the meeting yesterday.
答案与解析 organize→organized 根据时间状语yesterday可知，organize应用过去式。
5．One of his shortcoming is that he can't make use of his time to learn.
答案与解析 shortcoming→shortcomings one of＋复数名词表“……之一”，故shortcoming改为shortcomings。
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6．What I care for is whether he can have a good time in the voyage.
答案与解析 for→about 根据语境“我关心的是他在旅行中是否玩得高兴”可知，应用care about“关心；在乎”。care for“喜欢；照料”。
7．A number of tents have put up for the tourists.
答案与解析 have后加been 根据语境“很多帐篷被支起”可知，此处tents与put up为被动关系，故在have后加been。
8．My grandpa fond of fishing and sometimes he fishes all day in the river.
答案与解析 fond前加is be fond of“喜欢”。My grandpa后缺be动词，故fond前加is。
9．It was a great fun especially as it gradually became much warmer.
答案与解析 去掉a fun“乐趣；有趣的事”，作不可数名词，不加冠词。
10．It was yesterday when I met the official at the railway station.
答案与解析 when→that 本句为It was ... that ...强调句型，yesterday为被强调部分。
Ⅳ.根据语境选出画线部分的正确含义——熟词生义
A. kind B. convince C. influence D. lovely
1．We managed to persuade him that it was worthwhile working with us. B
2．It is your efforts, not your intelligence, that determine your success. C
3．He is a fond father who never scolds his child too much. A
小题补练
语法填空
Cambodia was in many ways similar to Laos, although it has 1. (two) the population. At another inn, we talked with a teacher who told us that half of the people in her country couldn't read or write. Her village couldn't even afford to build a school, therefore, she had to teach 2. (child) under a large tent. Back on the road, we passed by many hills and forests. Then we came to the plains and entered Phnom Penh (金边), the capital of Cambodia. It had 3. (width) streets with trees in rows and old French houses.
We were so tired from the long bike ride in the hills 4. our group slept late the next morning. We had lunch at a nice outdoor café， and then we found 5. (we) riding out of the city.
Two days later we crossed the border into Vietnam, 6. has almost seven times the population of Cambodia. Although the flat delta was easier 7. (cycle) on, we got warm very quickly. So we 8. (drink) lots of water and ate lots of bananas. Soon the delta separated into nine smaller rivers. Two days later, after we had passed thousands of rice fields, we came to the sea. We were tired but 9. high spirits: our dream of cycling along the Mekong River had 10. (final) came true.
答案与解析
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1．twice 考查数词。表示“两倍”，应用序数词，故填twice。数词是2017年高考所增考点，注意常考数词的变化形式。
2．children 考查名词的数。设空前没有表示“一”的数词、代词或冠词，故可数名词child应用复数形式。
3．wide 考查词性转换。设空在句中作定语修饰名词streets，故用形容词，填wide。
4．that 考查状语从句。根据设空所在句中的so tired和句意“我们长途骑车太累以至于第二天早上睡到很晚”可知该处是so ... that ...结果状语从句，故填that。
5．ourselves 考查代词。设空在句中作宾语，且与主语we一致，应用反身代词。find oneself doing sth.“发现自己正在做某事”。
6．which 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，该句是非限制性定语从句，从句先行词是Vietnam，指物，从句中缺少主语，故用关系代词which引导非限制性定语从句。
7．to cycle 考查非谓语动词。此处是“主语＋be＋形容词＋不定式”结构，不定式和句子的主语是逻辑上的动宾关系，故填不定式。
8．drank 考查时态。设空在句中作谓语，与and后的谓语动词ate时态一致，故用一般过去时，填drank。
9．in 考查介词短语。in high spirits “兴高采烈地；情绪高昂地”。
10．finally 考查词性转换。设空在句中作状语修饰谓语动词came true，应用副词形式，故填finally。
写 作 提 能
用本单元词汇、句式和语法知识写满分作文
你的英国朋友Jim所在的学校要组织学生来中国旅行，有两条线路可以选择：“长江之行”或者“泰山之旅”。Jim来信希望你能给些建议。请你给他回信，内容包括：
①你建议的线路；②你的理由；③你的祝愿。
(一)根据提示利用本单元所学知识补全短文(无提示处请填写适当的过渡衔接词汇：in addition)
Dear Jim，
I'm delighted to know that ①you have been dreaming of visiting China ever since graduation (自从毕业后你一直梦想着来中国游玩), and that you have decided to come to China. ❶I'm excited about your coming, so ②I can hardly wait to give you my recommendation (我迫不及待地给你以下建议)．
Of the two trips to the Yangtze River and Mount Tai, both are highly recommended. Personally, ③I prefer the tour along the Yangtze to Mount Tai (相比泰山之行我更喜欢长江之行). ❷Through the trip to the Yangtze you can have a good knowledge of the history of China and Chinese people. ④In addition, the scenery along the river is amazing, with many well－known sightseeing spots. Most importantly, ⑤the air there is fresh to breathe (那里的空气呼吸起来很好). That's why ⑥I insist the trip along the Yangtze will be a better choice (我坚持认为长江之行是更好的选择)．
Hope ⑦you'll have fun in China (你在中国玩得开心)．
Yours，
Li Hua
(二)按要求升级词汇和句式
1．用本单元所学词汇升级加波浪线词汇
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decided→made up your mind
2．按要求升级句式
(1)利用分词作状语升级句❶
Excited about your coming, I can hardly wait to give you my recommendation.
(2)利用强调句式升级句❷
It is through the trip to the Yangtze that you can have a good knowledge of the history of China and Chinese people.
Unit 4 Earthquakes
基础巧回顾
见学生用书P017
单词巧练
写准并记牢
高考与教材
重点单词
1.ruin n．[C，U]废墟；毁灭 vt.毁灭；使破产
2.trap vt.使陷入困境 n．[C]陷阱；困境
3.bury vt.埋葬；掩埋；隐藏
4.damage vt.损失；损害 n．[U]损失；[C]损害赔偿金
5.burst vi.爆裂；爆发 n．[C]突然破裂；爆发→burst/burst(过去式/过去分词)
6.destroy vt.破坏；毁坏；消灭→destroyed/destroyed(过去式/过去分词)
7.sincerely ad v.真诚地；真挚地→sincere adj.真诚的；真挚的
8.rescue n．& vt.援救；营救→rescuer n．[C]营救人员
9.shock vt.& vi. (使)震惊；震动 n．[U]休克；[U，C]打击；震惊→shocking adj.令人震惊的→shocked adj.震惊的
10.extreme adj.极度的→extremely ad v.极度；非常
11.judge n．[C]裁判员；法官 vt.断定；判断；判决→judg(e)ment n．[U，C]意见；判断力；审判
12.injure vt.损害；伤害→injury n．
Ⅰ.高考与单句填空
1.(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)It had white－painted tunnels and bright red carriages, and proved extremely (extreme) popular with the public.
2.(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)Keep track of your efforts and write down how you feel.
3.(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)Larry told her that he had already put out the fire and she should not move in case she injured (injure) her neck.
4.(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)Many of the images were stored in an ice chest, under freezing water, in the damaged (damage) wooden ship.
5.(2015·全国卷Ⅰ)When I handed him the gift card, saying he could use it for whatever his family might need, he burst into tears.
6.(2014·全国卷Ⅰ)The boy can already understand basic Chinese
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[C]伤害；损害→injured adj.受伤的
13.frighten vt.使惊吓；吓唬→frightened adj.受惊的；受恐吓的→frightening adj.令人恐惧的
14.congratulation n．[C]祝贺；(复数)贺词→congratulate vt.祝贺
15.express vt.表示；表达 n．[C]快车；速递→expression n．[C]词语；[U]表示；表达
16.useless adj.无用的；无效的；无益的→useful adj.有用的
阅读单词
17.electricity n．电；电流；电学
18.disaster n．灾难；灾祸
19.shelter n．掩蔽；掩蔽处；避身处
20.track n．轨道；足迹；痕迹
daily expressions (express)．
Ⅱ.教材与单句改错(每题最多2处错误)
1.In the city, the water pipes in some buildings cracked and was burst.去掉was
2.Your speech was heard by a group of five judge, all of who agreed that it was the best one this year.judge→judges; who→whom
3.Sand now filled the wells instead water. People were shocking.instead后加of; shocking→shocked
4.Workers built shelters for survivor whose homes had destroyed.survivor→survivors; destroyed前加been
短语巧练
写准并记牢
高考与教材
1.at an end 结束；终结
2.think little/nothing of 轻视；认为……没价值
3.right away 立刻；马上
4.in ruins 严重受损；破败不堪
5.dig out 掘出；发现
6.a (great) number of 许多；大量的
7.be proud of 以……而自豪
8.judge by/from 从……判断
9.instead of 代替；而不是
10.be trapped in/under 困入
11.be buried in 埋头于
Ⅰ.高考与单句填空
1.(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)Yet instead of being discouraged by my slow progress, I was excited.
2.(全国卷Ⅰ)“You can't judge a book by/from its cover，” as the old saying goes.
Ⅱ.教材与单句改错(每题最多2处错误)
1.Imagine your home begins to shake and you must leave it rightly away.rightly→right
2.The army organized teams to dig out of those who were trapped and to bury the dead.去掉of
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3.Is this the young man who saved several people trapping under buildings? trapping→trapped
句式仿写
原句背诵
我会仿写
1.too ...to ... 意为“太……以至不能……”，表示否定意义
In the farmyards, the chickens and even the pigs were too nervous to eat.
在农家院里，鸡，甚至连猪都紧张得不想吃食。
1.(2016·上海卷)当时我年幼，不理解这部电影的含义。
I was then too young to understand the meaning of the film.
2.as if “好像”后常接表语从句或方式状语从句，若表示非真实情况常用虚拟语气
It seemed as if the world was at an end！
仿佛到了世界末日！
2.(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)食物尝起来就好像缺少了什么。
The food tastes as if it is missing something.
3.All ...not ...＝Not all ...“并不是所有的……都……”
All hope was not lost.
不是所有的希望都破灭了。
3.正如谚语所说，闪光的未必都是金子。
As the saying goes, all is not gold that glitters.
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重点全突破
Part 1 重点单词
1.burst vi. (burst, burst, bursting) 爆裂；爆发∥n.[C](pl. bursts) 突然破裂；爆发
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①He burst into the room with a burst of anger，which, however, made me burst out laughing.
②The child blew up the balloon and it was burst.去掉was
(2)一句多译
听到这个消息，满怀自豪的男孩突然哭起来。
③Hearing this news, the boy who burst with pride burst into tears.
④Hearing this news, the boy who burst with pride burst out crying.
后记牢
(1)burst in (不及物)/burst into ...闯入；突然破门而入
(2)突然哭/笑起来
burst with anger/pride/enthusiasm/joy
勃然大怒/满怀自豪/热情/乐不可支
(3)a burst of anger/laughter 一阵怒火/大笑
◆佳句(2016·上海卷)It was my mum who would be sad. It was so terrible that I burst into tears.
妈妈一定会很伤心。事情很可怕，因此我哭了起来。
2.ruin n．①[U]毁灭；毁坏；崩溃 ②[C][常用复数ruins] 废墟；遗迹∥vt. (ruined, ruined, ruining) (使)毁坏；成为废墟
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①(2016·北京卷)When they returned to Rockaway the next day, they found their neighbourhood in ruins (ruin)．
②She found that all her furniture had been ruined (ruin) by the flood.
③If you're addicted to playing computer games, you'll ruin you.最后一个you→yourself
(2)一句多译
他犯了个错误，这让他失去了出国的机会。
④He made a mistake, which ruined his chance of going abroad.(定语从句)
⑤He made a mistake, ruining his chance of going abroad.(分词作状语)
后记牢
(1)lie/be in ruins 成为废墟
fall into ruin 毁灭；灭亡；崩溃
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be reduced to ruins 沦为废墟
(2)ruin sth./sb./oneself 毁坏某物/毁掉某人/自己
be ruined by ... 被……毁坏/破坏
ruin one's health/fame/future
毁坏某人的健康/声誉/前途
◆佳句My shoes got ruined in the rain.
我的鞋子被雨水糟蹋了。
3.injure vt.(injured, injured, injuring) 损害；伤害 injury n．[C](pl. injuries) 损害；伤害
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①In the accident, many people got injured, some of whom suffered from some injuries. Fortunately, the injured were immediately rushed to the nearest hospital.(injure)
②While playing football the other day, he injured (injure) his leg.
③My left foot was seriously injuring, so I can't go with you as planned.injuring→injured
(2)句式升级(用with结构升级练习③改后的正确句子)
→④With my left foot seriously injured, I can't go with you as planned.
后记牢
(1)injure sth./sb. 使某物/某人受伤
be/get seriously injured 受重伤
(2)the injured 伤员
(3)do sb.an injury/do an injury to sb.
伤害某人
◆佳句(2016·天津卷)I was wearing a seatbelt. If I hadn't been wearing one, I would have been injured.我系着安全带。如果我没有系安全带，我就会受伤了。
4.bury vt. (buried, buried, burying) 掩埋；埋葬；使专心；使沉浸；隐藏
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①You'll never solve your problems if you just bury your head in the sand.
②Ever since he graduated, he has been buried (bury) in his work.
③I wandered into the dining room and found you burying in piles of books.burying→buried或burying后加yourself
(2)句式升级
He sat at a wooden table and was buried in reading.
→④He sat at a wooden table, buried in reading.(过去分词短语作状语)
→⑤He sat at a wooden table, burying himself in reading.(现在分词短语作状语)
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后记牢
(1)bury ... in ... 把……埋到……里；
使……沉浸于……
埋头于；专心于
(2)bury one's face in one's hands
双手掩面
◆佳句He sank into a chair, burying his face in his hands.
他双手掩面跌坐在椅子中。
5.judge n. [C](pl. judges) 裁判员；法官∥vt. (judged, judged, judging) 断定；判断；判决
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①If he had played a part in the film, he would have been judged (judge) to be the best actor this year.
②Judged from the story, we can conclude that we can't judge a book from its cover.Judged→Judging
(2)单句写作
(2017·江苏卷)我认为，电影市场在不久的将来会低迷。
③As far as I can judge, the film market may witness a slowdown in the near future.
后记牢
(1)judge ...from/by ... 从……判断……
as far as I can judge 据我判断；我认为
(2)judging by/from ... 从……判断
(3)make a judgement on/about ...
对……作出评价
◆佳句(牛津词典)He refused to make a judgement about the situation.
他拒绝对这个形势作出评价。
The tourists were enjoying themselves when the pipes burst and the electricity was cut off. Everywhere they looked, nearly everything was destroyed. Some people were injured; some were buried in the ruins. Though the situation was frightening, I could judge that many people were trying to rescue those trapped under the buildings.
Part 2 短语与句型
1．at an end结束；终结
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①(2017·天津卷)Driverless cars may end up being (be) a form of public transport rather than vehicles you own.
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②They had achieved (achieve) their plan by the end of last month.
③The meeting came to an end and he set down a number of key points.
④Go straight and you'll find the hospital in the end of the road.in→at
⑤He got rapid promotion, and ended up a manager.up后加as
(2)词汇升级(用本单元所学高级词汇升级黑体词汇)
⑥The speech contest finished was at an end. Thankfully, I ended up winning the first prize and my hard work paid off finally in the end.
后记牢
(1)in the end 最后；终于
at the end of 在……尽头
by the end of 到……末为止(常与完成时态连用)
(2)put an end to .../put/bring ... to an end
结束……
come to an end 完成；结束
(3)end up with 以……结束
end up as 最终成为
end up doing 最终做某事
end in 以……为结果；以……告终
◆佳句Even a successful inventor makes many experiments that end in failure.
即使是成功的发明家也有很多以失败告终的实验。
2.a (great) number of许多；大量的
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①Now a great many college graduates are (be) seeking for a high－paid job. But a large number of them are (be) often not able to find a suitable post.
②The number of smokers, as is reported, has dropped (drop) by 17 percent in just one year.
③A great deal of money was donated (donate) to a university by an ordinary worker, which aroused public attention.
④Large quantities of water has been piped to the dry area since last year.has→have
⑤Large amounts of money is spent on advertisements every year.is→are
(2)单句写作
众多有才华的人有待于被发现。
⑥There are a great many/a great number of talented people waiting to be discovered.
后记牢
(1)the number of＋可数名词复数＋单数谓语
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＋可数名词复数＋复数谓语
(3)a great deal of/a large amount of＋不可数名词＋单数谓语
(4)plenty of/large quantities of/a large quantity of ＋不可数名词/复数名词
(5)many a(n)/more than one＋单数可数名词＋单数谓语
◆提示 “large quantities/amounts of＋n.”作主语时谓语动词用复数，而“a large quantity/amount of＋n.”作主语时谓语动词用单数。
◆佳句There is time to change your mind.你有足够的时间改变主意。
3.It seemed as if the world was at an end! 好像世界末日到了！
句型公式 It seemed (to sb.) that/as if/as though ...“(对某人来说)似乎……”
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①(2016·上海卷)The kids looked up to her as if she were (be) their own mother.
②It was John who broke the window.Why are you talking to me as if I had done (do) it?
③Don't handle the vase as if it is made of steel.is→were
④The old man was lying on the ground as if hurting badly.hurting→hurt
(2)句式升级(用省略句升级)
She stood there as if she was waiting for someone.
→⑤She stood there as if waiting for someone.
后记牢
(1)如果从句表示的情况是真实的或极有可能发生的，从句谓语用陈述语气。
(2)如果从句所陈述情况是不真实的或极少可能发生的，从句谓语用虚拟语气。
与现在事实相反：did/were
与过去事实相反：had done
与将来事实相反：would/could ...＋do
(3)如as if/though引导的从句中的主语和主句的主语相同，且含有be动词，可省略从句主语和be动词。
◆佳句(朗文词典)You look as if you've had a good time.你看起来好像玩得很开心。
4.All hope was not lost. 不是所有的希望都破灭了。
句型公式 all ... not ...＝not all ... “并非所有的……都……”
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)Chopsticks are not used everywhere in Asia.
②I agree with most of what you said, but I don't agree with anything.anything→everything
(2)句型转换/单句写作
③Both of the two maths problems are not very difficult.
→Not both of the two maths problems are very difficult.
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④我的一生中，印象最深的就是第一次参观长城。
Nothing in my life impressed me so deeply as my first visit to the Great Wall.
后记牢
(1)all、both、each、every、everybody、everything、completely、always、whole、entirely等具有总括意义的代词、形容词和副词与否定副词not连用，无论not位置如何，均构成部分否定，表示“不是都；并非都”的意思。
(2) no、none、never、nobody、nothing、neither、no one、nowhere、no more、no longer、no way 等表否定意义的词(组)与肯定式谓语一起使用构成“全部否定” 。
◆佳句A man of learning is not always a man of wisdom.有学问的人并非总是有智慧的人。
An extremely powerful earthquake struck our hometown last night. And it seemed as if the village was at an end. Fortunately, a great number of immediate measures have been taken to ensure people's lives and safety. The soldiers have been sparing no effort to rescue the people trapped under the ruins and send the injured to the hospital. Therefore, not all hope is lost.
集训新思路
四 维 夯 基
本部分练习中加黑体词语是必修1 Unit 3的词汇复现，如有遗忘，请及时回顾。
Ⅰ.在空白处填入1个适当的单词或所给单词的正确形式——热考用法
1．I finally became a (report) on an evening paper in London.
答案与解析 reporter 设空前是冠词，结合语境可知该空填名词reporter。
2．Though it was an (extreme) difficult journey, he was determined to finish it.
答案与解析 extremely 设空在句中作状语修饰形容词difficult，应用副词，故填extremely。
3．We offered our (congratulate) to her when she finally graduated from college.
答案与解析 congratulations offer congratulations to sb.“向某人表示祝贺”。
4．Ever since water came into the cellphone, it has been completely (use)．
答案与解析 useless 设空在句中作表语，应用形容词，结合语境“手机进水，应该不能用了”，故填useless。
5．The temple completely (destroy) by fire last night was built a long time ago.
答案与解析 destroyed 设空在句中作定语修饰The temple; destroy与The temple是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词作后置定语。注意destroy的过去式和过去分词分别是destroyed、destroyed。切不可误写为destroied、 destroied。
6．Luckily, the boy (rescue) just minutes before the house fell down.
答案与解析 was rescued 设空谓语动词表过去发生的动作，the boy与rescue是被动关系，故用一般过去时的被动语态，故填was rescued。
7．The beauty of the view is expression.
答案与解析 beyond beyond expression“无法描述”。
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8．Lily made up her mind to take a taxi because the box was too heavy (carry) all the way home.
答案与解析 to carry 该句是too ... to do ...“太……而不能做……”结构，故填不定式to carry。
9．I (sincere) believe that you can organize the party well.
答案与解析 sincerely 设空在句中作状语，应用副词，故填sincerely。
10．I'm very (dirt) after the long journey.
答案与解析 dirty 设空在句中作表语，应用形容词，故填dirty。
Ⅱ.用括号内动词的正确形式填空——不规则变化
1．The balloon (burst) suddenly, which shocked us.
答案与解析 burst 设空在句中作谓语，且与shocked时态一致，故填burst。burst(爆裂；爆发)—burst—burst—bursting。
2．The terrible shaking of the ground (wake) up all the people who were asleep.
答案与解析 woke 设空在句中作谓语，且与从句were时态一致，故填woke。wake up“醒来”。wake(醒来；唤醒)—woke—waken—waking。
3．He was often found (bury) in his work whenever I came here.
答案与解析 buried 设空在句中作补语，be buried in“专心于”，应用过去分词形式。bury(埋)—buried—buried—burying。
4． (trap) in the ruins, the girl still held a positive attitude.
答案与解析 Trapped be trapped in“困于”，在句中作状语应用过去分词形式。trap(困于)—trapped—trapped—trapping。
5．It was at midnight that Ken (dig) out from under the snow.
答案与解析 was dug 设空谓语动词与was时态一致，应用一般过去时，主语Ken与dig out是被动关系，故用被动语态。dig out“挖出”。dig(挖)—dug—dug—digging。
6．Bricks covered the ground like red autumn leaves. However, they could not (blow) away by any wind.
答案与解析 be blown 主语they与blow away是被动关系，故用被动语态。blow away“吹走；刮走”。blow(吹，刮)—blew—blown—blowing。
Ⅲ.改正下列句子中的唯一错误——易错混用
1．The man was sleeping downstairs while the earthquake happened.
答案与解析 while→when was/were doing ... when ...“正在做……这时……”，故while改为when。
2．I persuaded him to hold the party in the garden instead in the room.
答案与解析 instead后加of instead of“代替；而不是”位于句中，连接两个相同成分。instead单独使用，常用于句末或句首。
3．Jack wasn't saying anything, but the teacher smiled at him as if he has done something very clever.
答案与解析 has→had as if“好像”，表示与过去事实相反时从句谓语用过去完成时，故has改为had。
4．We are all proud for you, because you have learned to care about others.
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答案与解析 for→of be proud of sb.“为某人感到自豪”。
5．The cyclists took shelter of the rain in a nearby bar.
答案与解析 of→from take shelter from ...“躲避……”。
6．It shocking us to see how ill Alice looked.
答案与解析 shocking→shocked 此处用shock的过去式shocked作谓语。shocking“令人震惊的”，是形容词，不能作谓语。
7．(2016·浙江卷)It was both exciting and frightened to be up there.
答案与解析 frightened→frightening 根据语境“到那里去既令人兴奋又令人害怕”可知，应用frightening表“令人恐惧的”。
8．I can't express you how grateful I am for your helping me organize the meeting.
答案与解析 express后加to express sth. to sb.“向某人表达某事”。
9．The publication of the novel is one of the cultural event of the year.
答案与解析 event→events 根据句中的one of the可知event应用复数形式。
10．We invite you bring your family and friends on that special day.
答案与解析 bring前加to invite sb. to do sth.“邀请某人去做某事”。
Ⅳ.根据语境选出画线部分的正确含义——熟词生义
A. deliver B. act unreasonably C. behave well
1．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)Having enough fat and salt in your meal will reduce the urge to snack (吃点心) between meals and improve the taste of your meals. However, be careful not to go to extremes. B
2．As soon as I receive payment I will express the book to you. A
小题补练
短文改错
March 27, 1964 was a holiday in Alaska. Everything was going on like usual. Most people were at home while there came an extreme loud sound like thunder. Next, people's houses began to shake. Buildings cracked and water pipes bursting. In the town of Anchorage, the main street went up into the air ten feet, holes opened up in the ground, and buildings fell into the ruins. People were shocking by the unexpected quake. Some ran up and down the street, while others trapping in the buildings were looking out of their windows for help.
The earthquake that hit Alaska was one of the strongest disaster in North America. Many towns destroyed in the earthquake and a great number of people was killed.
答案与解析
March 27, 1964 was a holiday in Alaska. Everything was going on usual. Most people were at home there came an loud sound like thunder. Next, people's houses began to shake. Buildings cracked
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and water pipes In the town of Anchorage, the main street went up into the air ten feet, holes opened up in the ground, and buildings fell into ruins. People were by the unexpected quake. Some ran up and down the street, while others in the buildings were looking out of their windows for help.
The earthquake that hit Alaska was one of the strongest in North America. Many towns destroyed in the earthquake and a great number of people killed.
①like→as 考查介词短语。as usual “像往常一样”。
②while→when 考查连词。此处是be doing sth. when ...“正在做某事这时……”结构，故该处填并列连词when。
③extreme→extremely 考查副词。修饰形容词loud应用副词作状语，故extreme改为extremely。
④bursting→burst 考查时态。cracked与burst 是并列谓语，故burst应用一般过去时，故bursting改为burst。
⑤去掉the 考查固定短语。fall into ruins “成为废墟”。
⑥shocking→shocked 考查形容词。在句中作表语说明主语People的心理感受，应用以－ed结尾的分词。shocked“震惊的”； shocking“令人震惊的”。
⑦trapping→trapped 考查非谓语动词。be trapped in ... “困于……”，在句中作定语，应用过去分词形式。
⑧disaster→disasters 考查名词的数。根据句中的one of the，可知可数名词disaster应用复数形式。
⑨destroyed前加were 考查语态。主语houses与destroy是被动关系，故用被动语态。
⑩was→were 考查主谓一致。“a number of ＋复数名词”作主语，谓语动词用复数形式，故was改为were。
写 作 提 能
用本单元词汇、句式和语法知识写满分作文
2017年8月四川九寨沟发生地震后，许多互联网科技企业、各大旅游网站和汽车公司等纷纷在第一时间加入到抢险救灾的行列中。请你以灾区学生李华的名义给这些企业写一封感谢信，表达你的感激之情。
(一)根据提示利用本单元所学知识补全短文
Dear sir/madam，
I'm Li Hua, a student from Jiuzhaigou. ❶I'm writing to ①express my thanks for your timely rescue (感激你们及时的援助), because without your rescue my life couldn't return to normal.
A few days ago, ②an extremely frightening earthquake struck my hometown (一场极其可怕的地震袭击了我的家乡), which left many houses ③in ruins (成为废墟) and ④completely destroyed my home (彻底毁坏了我的家). ❷I was surprised to find everything ⑤buried under the fallen house (埋于倒塌的房屋下面), so ⑥I burst into tears /burst out crying (我大哭起来). To me, ⑦it seemed as if the world was at an end (好像世界末日到了). Thankfully, strangers as you are, you have done everything in your power to help me have a shelter to live in and enough food and drink to survive on. Without you, I couldn't imagine my situation now. I
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can't express my gratitude too much.
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
(二)按要求升级词汇和句式
1．用本单元所学词汇升级加波浪线词汇
(1)many→a great number of
(2)surprised→shocked
2．按要求升级句式
(1)利用“介词＋which”非限制性定语从句升级句❶
I'm writing to express my thanks for your timely rescue, without which my life couldn't return to normal.
(2)利用分词作状语升级句❷
Surprised to find everything buried under the fallen house, I burst into tears /burst out crying.
Unit 5 Nelson Mandela—a modern hero
基础巧回顾
见学生用书P023
单词巧练
写准并记牢
高考与教材
重点单词
1.opinion n．[C]意见；看法；主张
2.attack vt.&n.[C，U]进攻；攻击；抨击
3.escape vi.& vt.逃脱；逃走；避开
4.vote vt.& vi.&n.[C]投票；选举；选票
5.found vt.建立；建设→founded/founded(过去式/过去分词)
6.beg vi.请求；乞求→beggar n．[C]乞丐
7.equal adj.相等的；平等的→equality n．[U]平等；相等→equally ad v.同样地；相等地；公平地
8.devote vt.献身；专心于→devoted adj.忠实的；深爱的→devotion n．[U]献身；奉献；忠诚
9.reward n．[C，U]报酬；奖金 vt.酬劳；奖赏→rewarding adj.值得的；有益的；有回报的
10.generous adj.慷慨的；大方的→generously ad v. 慷慨地；大方地→generosity n．[U]大方；慷慨
11.guidance n．[U]指导；领导→guide vt.指导；
Ⅰ.高考与单句填空
1.(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)When a leafy plant is under attack, it doesn't sit quietly.
2.(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)It must be fairly (fair) unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise.
3.(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)She is determined to carry on with her education (educate)．
4.(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)Addams helped the poor and worked for peace (peaceful)．
5.(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)One of the most famous theatres in Georgia, the Marjanishvili, founded (found) in
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n.[C]向导；指南
12.active adj.积极的；活跃的→actively ad v.积极地；活跃地→activity n．[C]活动
13.peaceful adj.和平的；平静的；安宁的→peacefully ad v.和平地；平静地；安宁地→peace n．[U]和平；平静；和睦
14.legal adj.法律的；依照法律的→(反义词)illegal adj.非法的；违法的
15.educate vt.教育；训练→educated adj.受过教育的；有教养的→education n．[U]教育→educator n．[C]教育工作者；教育家
16.self n．[C]自我；自身→selfish adj.自私的→(反义词)selfless adj.无私的；忘我的→selflessly ad v.无私地；忘我地
17.unfair adj.不公正的；不公平的→fair adj.公正的；公平的；相同的→fairly ad v.公正地；相同地；同样地
18.willing adj.乐意的；自愿的→(反义词)unwilling adj.不乐意的→willingness n．[U]乐意；自愿
阅读单词
19.principle n. 法则；原则；原理
20.violence n．暴力；暴行
21.relative n．亲戚；亲属
22.stage n．舞台；阶段；时期
1928, appears regularly at theatre festivals all over the world.
6.(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)The idea is for people not to be selfish (self) by keeping a book to gather dust on a shelf at home.
Ⅱ.教材与单句改错(每题最多2处错误)
1.I knew it would help us achieve our dream of making black and white people equally.equally→equal
2.He offered guidances to poor black people on their legal problems.guidances→guidance
3.He found the first Republic in China in 1911 after many years' fighting.found→founded
4.Since I was better educating, I got a job working in an office.educating→educated
短语巧练
写准并记牢
高考与教材
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1.out of work 失业
2.as a matter of fact 事实上
3.blow up 使充气；爆炸
4.in trouble 在危险、受罚、痛苦、忧虑等的处境中
5.turn to 求助于；致力于
6.lose heart 丧失勇气或信心
7.come to power 当权；上台
8.set up 设立；建立
9.be sentenced to 被判处……(徒刑)
10.be willing to do sth. 愿意做某事
11.be in prison 蹲监狱
Ⅰ.高考与单句填空
1.(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)Almost every grandparent wants to be with his or her grandchildren and is willing to make (make) sacrifices.
2.(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)I still want to have my parents to turn to whenever I need help.
3.(2015·全国卷Ⅱ)The market, which was founded in 1979, sets up its tents every Saturday from 7 a．m. to 1 p．m., rain or shine.
Ⅱ.教材与单句改错(每题最多2处错误)
1.He was sentenced five years' hard labour for encouraging violence against anti－black laws.sentenced后加to
2.As matter of fact, I do not like violence.matter前加a
3.I worried about whether I would become out of the work.去掉the
句式仿写
原句背诵
我会仿写
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1.主语是时间或地点名词，谓语是see、find等动词，表示经历或目睹了某事；where引导定语从句修饰stage
The last thirty years have seen the greatest number of laws stopping our rights and progress, until today we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all.
过去30年来所出现的大量法律剥夺我们的权利，阻挡我们的进步，一直到今天，我们还处在几乎什么权利都没有的阶段。
1.(2016·上海卷)20世纪末中国经济迅速发展。
The late twentieth century witnessed/saw the rapid development of China's economy.
2.我们到了这样一个阶段：必须采取有效措施来保护环境。
We have reached a stage where effective measures should be taken to protect the environment.
2.only修饰状语放在句首，主谓部分倒装
Only then did we decide to answer violence with violence.
只有到这个时候，我们才决定用暴力反抗暴力。
3.昨天他的父亲才把真相告诉他，这对他真是个令人吃惊的消息。
Only yesterday did his father tell him the truth, which was a big surprise to him.
3.after＋动名词作状语，表时间
After trying hard, I got a job in a gold mine.
几经周折，我才在一家金矿上找到一份工作。
4.(2017·天津卷)在意识到一次电子邮件意外后，你可能会觉得糟透了。
After realizing an email accident, you're likely to feel awful.
重点全突破
Part 1 重点单词
1.devote vt. (devoted, devoted, devoting) 献身；专心于
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①(2017·天津卷)I feel that I've been given a second life to devote to something meaningful and enormous.
②As a soldier, he showed selfless devotion (devote) to duty.
③He devoted him to community activities and deserved praising.him→himself
(2)句式升级(用分词作状语升级练习③改后的正确句子)
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→④Devoting himself to community activities, he deserved praising.
→⑤Devoted to community activities, he deserved praising.
后记牢
(1)devote ... to ... 把……奉献于……
devote oneself to ... 献身于……；致力于……
(2)be devoted to (doing) sth.
专心于(做)某事；奉献于(做)某事◆提示devote ... to .../devote oneself to短语中，to是介词，其后接名词/代词/动名词作宾语。
◆佳句(牛津词典)They are devoted to their children.他们深爱自己的孩子。2.equal adj.相等的；平等的；同等的；胜任的∥vt.(equalled, equalled, equalling) 等于；抵得上∥n. [C] (pl. equals) 同等的人；相等物
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①He is equal to accomplishing (accomplish) the task, for no one equals (equal) him in the area. In other words, he is without equal.
②Anyone, whether he is an official or a bus driver, should be equal respected.equal→equally
(2)一句多译
(2018·宿州质检满分作文)就我个人而言，我胜任这个工作。
③Personally speaking, I am equal to the job.(equal)
④Personally speaking, I am suitable for the job.(suitable)
⑤Personally speaking, I am qualified for the job.(qualified)
后记牢
(1) be equal to sth./doing sth.(＝be suitable/qualified for...) 等于/胜任(做)某事
(2)A equals B (in ...)
A(在……方面)比得上B
(3)without equal/have no equal
无与伦比
◆佳句They attach great importance to equality and believe that all work is of equal value.他们崇尚平等而且认为所有工作都具有同等价值。
3.escape vt. & vi.(escaped, escaped, escaping) 逃脱；逃生；泄露；被遗忘∥n.①[C，U]逃脱；逃生 ②[C](pl. escapes) 泄漏；出口
先试做
单句填空/单句改错
①It is said that he narrowly escaped being killed (kill) in the traffic accident the other day.
②He was careful enough so nothing escaped (escape) his attention.
③Only with the greatest piece of luck did she manage to escape the rising flood water.escape后加from
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④He had narrow escape last year.narrow前加a
后记牢
(1)escape (doing) sth. 逃避(做)某事
escape from 从……逃脱
escape one's attention/notice 逃过某人的注意/被忽视
(2)a narrow escape 九死一生
◆佳句(福建卷)A small hole allowed smoke to escape from the top.一个小孔能让烟从顶部冒出来。
4.reward n．①[C, U]报酬 ②[C](pl. rewards)赏金∥vt. (rewarded, rewarded, rewarding) 报答，酬劳，奖赏
先试做
(1)单句填空
①(2016·北京卷)The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts will be rewarded (reward) with success in the end.
②When asked for his views about his teaching job, Philip said he found it very interesting and rewarding (reward)．
(2)一句多译
我很乐意带你游玩北京，以报答你的慷慨相助。
③I'm more than willing to show you around Beijing in reward for your generous help. (reward n．)
④I'm more than willing to show you around Beijing as a reward for your generous help. (reward n．)
后记牢
(1)in reward (for) 作为(对……的)报答
as a reward for ... 作为对……的酬谢
be its own reward 本身就是奖赏
(2)reward sb. for... 因……奖赏某人
reward sb. with ... 用……回报某人
be rewarded with sth. 得到某物/获得……报答
◆佳句(牛津词典)You deserve a reward for being so helpful.
你帮这么大的忙，理应受到奖励。
The first time I met my teacher, I had an impression that he was devoted to his work and his students. He was strict with us and no mistakes could escape his attention. It was recognized that he was equal to his job, and nothing could reward him for his contributions to teaching.
Part 2 短语与句型
1．in trouble有麻烦；处于困难中
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
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①When Peter speaks in public, he always has trouble thinking (think) of the right things to say.
②When we are in trouble, it is our friends that can get us out of trouble.
③Please don't hesitate to turn to us for help whenever you have troubles with your study.troubles→trouble
(2)单句写作
(2016·全国卷Ⅰ满分作文)如果您能费神帮我这么多忙我将十分感激。
④I would greatly appreciate it if you could take the trouble to do so much for me.
后记牢
out of trouble 摆脱麻烦；脱离困境
get into trouble 陷入困境；遇到麻烦
get sb. into/out of trouble 使某人陷入/摆脱困境
have trouble (in) doing sth./with sth.
做某事有困难/麻烦
take the trouble to do sth.不辞辛劳做某事；费神做某事
◆佳句Don't mention my name or you can get me into trouble.
别提我的名字，否则你会给我惹麻烦的。
2.turn to求助于；翻到(书的某页)；致力于；开始从事；查阅；转向
先试做
(1)[一词多义]写出下列句中黑体部分的含义
①Please turn to the police for help when you are in trouble.求助于
②He used to be a teacher, but later turned to journalism.开始从事
③You shouldn't always turn to the dictionary when meeting new words in reading.查阅
④Their talk turned to the problem of depression.转向
(2)一句多译
(2017·北京卷满分作文)结果视频大受好评。
⑤The video turned out to be well received.
⑥It turned out that the video was well received.
后记牢
turn down 关小；拒绝
turn away ... 把……打发走
turn up 出现；露面；调大
turn out 证明是；结果是；生产
turn over 打翻；翻身；移交
◆佳句It turned out that she turned down the invitation because she had something urgent to attend to.
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结果她因有急事要处理拒绝了邀请。
3.Only then did we decide to answer violence with violence.只有到这个时候，我们才决定用暴力反抗暴力。
句型公式 only＋状语＋助动词/情态动词/系动词＋主语＋其他
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①Only then did she remember what her aunt told her.
②Only in this way you make progress in your English.way后加can
(2)句式升级
Lily realized that she had lost the book only when she entered the office.
→③Only when Lily entered the office did she realize that she had lost the book. (用倒装句升级)
→④It was only when Lily entered the office that she realized that she had lost the book.(用强调句升级)
后记牢
(1)only放在句首修饰状语(通常是副词、介词短语或when或if引导的状语从句等)时，主句需部分倒装。
(2)only放在句首修饰主语时不倒装。
◆佳句 who accept this reality can lead a really full life.
只有那些接受这个现实的人才能过上真正充实的生活。
4.The last thirty years have seen the greatest number of laws stopping our rights and progress, until today we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all.过去30年来所出现的大量法律剥夺我们的权利，阻挡我们的进步，一直到今天，我们还处在几乎什么权利都没有的阶段。
句型公式 主语(表事物)＋see/witness/find＋宾语；stage等抽象名词＋where引导的定语从句
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①We reached a stage where we had more young readers than old ones.
②The old temple had seen great changes of the village in the past two hundred years.had→has
(2)单句写作
(2016·天津卷满分作文)过去两周见证了我们的成长和友谊。
③The past two weeks witnessed our growth and friendship.
后记牢
(1)see、find、witness等动词，可用地点或时间名词作主语，表某地或某时“经历/发生/目睹”了某事。
(2)先行词是stage、situation、case、point、position等表抽象地点的词，且从句中缺状语时，应用where/in which引导定语从句。
◆佳句As the saying goes, the water finds its own level.
正如谚语所说：水往低处流。
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Whenever I was in trouble, I turned to my English teacher for help. He is very generous with his time, for which I am very grateful. In his opinion, only when one doesn't lose heart and be hopeful about future can he achieve great success. Thanks to his selfless help and encouragement, the last three years have seen my progress both academically and mentally.
集训新思路
四 维 夯 基
本部分练习中加黑体词语是必修1 Unit 4的词汇复现，如有遗忘，请及时回顾。
Ⅰ.在空白处填入1个适当的单词或所给单词的正确形式——热考用法
1．She was shocked by the (cruel) of his words.
答案与解析 cruelty 设空前是定冠词the，设空后是介词of，故该空应填名词cruelty。
2．It would be (fair) not to give you a chance to express yourself.
答案与解析 unfair 设空前是系动词be，故该空应填形容词，根据语境“不给你机会表达自己是不公平的”可知，该处应填fair的反义词unfair。
3．Kate (attack) by an extremely fierce dog and was seriously injured.
答案与解析 was attacked 设空处所填词在句中作谓语，且与and后的was时态一致，应用一般过去时，主语Kate与attack是被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态，故填was attacked。
4．These women are demanding fairness and (equal) in their pay.
答案与解析 equality 设空在句中作demand的宾语，应填名词。
5．A great number of students get (active) involved in volunteer jobs.
答案与解析 actively 在句中作状语，修饰谓语get involved in，应用副词。get actively involved in“积极参与”。
6．A notice was set in order to warn the cyclists of the damaged building.
答案与解析 up set up“建立”。
7．For years, my mum has been helping out by giving them whatever food she could spare. I was so impressed by how (self) she was.
答案与解析 selfless 设空在句中作表语，根据语境可知此处表“无私的”，应用selfless。
8．The company， (found) 1890, belongs to her family.
答案与解析 founded found与The company是逻辑上的动宾关系，且句中时间状语是in 1890，故非谓语动词表被动的完成的动作，应用过去分词作定语，故填founded。found(建立)—founded—founded—founding。
9．I was looking forward to working under her expert (guide)．
答案与解析 guidance under one's guidance“在某人的指导下”。
10．When the new ruler came power, he made (peaceful) with all his former enemies.
答案与解析 to/into; peace come to/into power“掌权”；make peace with ...“与……讲和”。
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Ⅱ.用括号内动词的正确形式填空——不规则变化
1．The cyclist (beg) the girl to stay, but she went away.
答案与解析 begged 该处谓语动词与went时态一致，应用一般过去时，故填begged。beg(乞讨；乞求)—begged—begged—begging。
2．So far, a committee (set) up to organize social events in the college.
答案与解析 has been set 句中时间状语是So far，故谓语动词用现在完成时，主语a committee与set up是被动关系，故用现在完成时的被动语态。set up“建立”。set(放；布置)—set—set—setting。
3．There were thousands of passengers in the train when it (blow) up.
答案与解析 blew/was blown 根据主句中的were可知，从句谓语用一般过去时。blow up“(使)爆炸；产生；爆发；发怒”。blow up是及物或不及物动词短语，故该处可用主动或被动语态。blow(轮胎等爆炸)—blew—blown—blowing。
4．The boy (lose) heart when he knew he failed again.
答案与解析 lost 根据从句谓语动词knew可知主句谓语动词用一般过去时。故填lost。lose heart“失去信心”。lose(失去)—lost—lost—losing。
5．National Day (see) people singing and dancing happily in the streets. They were all very cheerful.
答案与解析 saw 根据语境可知该处用一般过去时。see(见证；看见)—saw—seen—seeing。
Ⅲ.改正下列句子中的唯一错误——易错混用
1．After get up, he always drinks a glass of water, which he believes is good for his health.
答案与解析 get→getting 介词After之后应接动名词作宾语，故get改为getting。
2．Hopeful, the meeting will be at an end in an hour.
答案与解析 Hopeful→Hopefully 在句中作状语，修饰全句，应用副词。hopefully“有希望的是；有望”。
3．We like to deal with the company whose products are in high quality.
答案与解析 in→of be of high quality“优质的”。
4．The man who murdered the judge didn't escape punished.
答案与解析 punished→punishment或punished前加being escape (doing) sth.“逃避(做)某事”；punish与The man是逻辑上的动宾关系，故也可用动词－ing形式的被动式作宾语。escape punishment/being punished“逃避被惩罚”。
5．The time he has devoted to help the people trapped in the bus is considered of great value.
答案与解析 help→helping devote time to doing sth.“花时间做某事”。
6．In 1991, Nelson Mandela became the president of South Africa.
答案与解析 去掉the president、chairman等表“头衔”的名词在句中作表语，其前不加冠词。
7．It was generous for you to rescue those trapped in the building.
答案与解析 for→of generous“慷慨的”，可修饰人，表人的性格，故用介词of。It is generous of sb. to do sth.“某人做某事是慷慨的”。
8．He worked selfless in China as a doctor and saved many Chinese soldiers.
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答案与解析 selfless→selflessly 在句中作状语修饰谓语动词worked应用副词，故selfless改为selflessly。
9．Good opinion are worth sticking to because they can benefit us all.
答案与解析 opinion→opinions 本句谓语是are，故主语应用复数形式。
10．The manager was very pleased because all of us voted his plan.
答案与解析 voted后加for 根据语境“经理很高兴”可知此处表“我们支持他的计划”，应用vote for，故在voted后加for。
Ⅳ.根据语境选出画线部分的正确含义——熟词生义
A. damaged B. criticized C. got forgotten
1．I had met him before, but his name escaped me. C
2．This was a frightening disease that attacked the central nervous system. A
3．The article attacked the government for its policy on education. B
小题补练
Ⅰ.语法填空
Charles Babbage was born in 1791 in Britain. He was in such poor health 1. his youth that he had to be educated at home. 2. (concern) about his health, his mother advised that he shouldn't be taught too much. However, the boy 3. (show) an early interest in mathematics and worked hard at it. Later, he was admitted into Cambridge University.
It was in 1819 4. Babbage began to work on a small Difference Engine (差分机), which in a very short period of time could work out mathematical tables by 5. (it). He completed it in 1822. In 1827 he became a professor of mathematics and began his lifelong work on computing machines. As 6. matter of fact, he worked so selflessly that he often spent his own money on his invention. In 1834 he invented the Analytical Machine which is the prototype (原型) of a computer. This was a great achievement. He devoted a lot of his wealth and energy to 7. (produce) a real computer, but in vain. Finally in 1871 he died 8. (peaceful). However, his 9. (principle) are still those on which computers are built. Consequently, he 10. (remember) as the “grandfather of computing”．
答案与解析
1．in 考查介词。in one's youth“在某人的青年时期”。
2．Concerned 考查非谓语动词。be concerned about“关心；担心”。
3．showed 考查时态。设空与and后的谓语动词worked时态一致，应用一般过去时，故填showed。
4．that 考查强调句式。该句是强调句型，强调时间状语in 1819，故填that。
5．itself 考查代词。by oneself“独自地；单独地”。
6．a 考查短语。as a matter of fact“事实上”。
7．producing 考查非谓语动词。devote ... to doing sth.“投入……做某事”。
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8．peacefully 考查词性转换。设空在句中作状语，应用副词，故填peacefully。
9．principles 考查名词的数。根据谓语动词are可知，可数名词principle应用复数形式。
10．is remembered 考查时态和语态。主语he与remember是被动关系，应用被动语态。且“因编辑之父而名垂青史”是现在的客观情况，应用一般现在时，故填is remembered。be remembered as ... “作为……而著名”。
Ⅱ.短文改错
A cave there were over 200 paintings was discovering in Australia eight years ago. To people's surprises, the cave was found by chance on a day where some people were walking in the area. Some of the paintings were at least 3,000 years old. However, the site of the cave was so very difficult to reach that it takes a long time before researchers could visit it. The reason that the exact location of the site is kept secret is that the cave needs to be protected from being visited by visitors which don't realize how easy it is to damage the paintings.
The paintings in that people and animals can still be seen today is extreme valuable.
答案与解析
A cave there were over 200 paintings was in Australia eight years ago. To people's ， the cave was found by chance on a day some people were walking in the area. Some of the paintings were at least 3,000 years old. However, the site of the cave was so difficult to reach that it a long time before researchers could visit it. The reason the exact location of the site is kept secret is that the cave needs to be protected from being visited by visitors don't realize how easy it is to damage the paintings.
The paintings in people and animals can still be seen today is valuable.
①cave后加where 考查定语从句。 定语从句先行词是A cave，指地点，从句中缺少地点状语，故用关系副词where引导定语从句。
②discovering→discovered 考查语态。主语A cave与discover是被动关系，应用被动语态。
③surprises→surprise 考查名词的数。to one's surprise “令某人吃惊的是”。
④where→when 考查定语从句。定语从句先行词是a day，指时间，从句中缺少时间状语，故用关系副词when引导时间状语从句。
⑤去掉very 考查状语从句。此句是so ... that ...结构，为固定句式。so在句中修饰形容词difficult，very多余，故去掉very。
⑥takes→took 考查时态。根据主句的谓语动词was可知that从句谓语动词用一般过去时。
⑦that→why 考查定语从句。定语从句先行词是The reason，指原因，从句中缺少原因状语，故用关系副词why引导定语从句。
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⑧which→who/that 考查定语从句。定语从句先行词是visitors，指人，从句中缺少主语，故用关系代词who/that引导定语从句。
⑨that→which 考查定语从句。定语从句先行词是The paintings, 关系词在从句中作介词in的宾语，应用关系代词which引导定语从句。
⑩extreme→extremely 考查副词。在句中作状语修饰形容词valuable，应用副词，故extreme改为extremely。
写 作 提 能
用本单元词汇、句式和语法知识写满分作文
假设你是李华，你的英国朋友Jim给你的邮件中提到他对中国历史很感兴趣，并请你介绍一位你喜欢的中国历史人物。请你给Jim回信，内容包括：
①该人物是谁；②该人物的主要贡献；③该人物对你的影响。
(一)根据提示利用本单元所学知识补全短文(无提示处请填写适当的过渡词汇：however、in my opinion)
I was touched by Zhang Heng ①the first time (第一次) I read about him. ❶He was a great astronomer and inventor, and lived from AD 78 to 139.
During his lifetime, ②he was devoted to (他致力于) scientific discoveries and inventions, including the famous seismograph.
Actually, he got laughed at when first introducing his seismograph. ③However, he never ④lost heart (失去信心) but went on to make new discoveries. He believed that ❷he could succeed only when he believed in himself. ⑤In my opinion, nothing could ⑥reward his contributions to science (回报他对科学的贡献)．
(二)按要求升级词汇和句式
1．用本单元所学词汇升级加波浪线词汇
Actually→As a matter of fact
2．按要求升级句式
(1)利用非限制性定语从句升级句❶
He was a great astronomer and inventor, who lived from AD 78 to 139.
(2)利用倒装句升级句❷
He believed that only when he believed in himself could he succeed.
必修2
Unit 1 Cultural relics
基础巧回顾
见学生用书P029
单词巧练
写准并记牢
高考与教材
重点单词
1.worth prep.值得的；相当于……的价值
n.[U]价值；作用 adj.[古]值钱的
Ⅰ.高考与单句填空
1.(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)They pump out perfumes designed (design) to
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2.sink vi.下沉；沉下→sank/sunk(过去式/过去分词)
3.remove vt.移动；搬开→removal n．[C，U]移走；消除
4.belong vi.属于；为……的一员→belongings n．(复数)所有物；财物
5.design n．[C，U]设计；图案；构思 vt.设计；计划；构思→designer n．[C]设计师
6.doubt n．[C，U]怀疑；疑惑 vt.怀疑；不信→doubtful adj.感到怀疑的；不确定的→undoubtedly ad v.确实地；毋庸置疑地
7.amaze vt.使吃惊；惊讶→amazing adj.令人吃惊的→amazed adj.吃惊的→amazingly ad v.令人吃惊的是→amazement n．[C，U]惊奇
8.survive vi.幸免；幸存；生还→survival n．[U]幸存；[C]残存物→survivor n．[C]幸存者
9.valuable adj.贵重的；有价值的→value n．& vt.价值；重视
10.select vt.挑选；选择→selection n．[C，U]选择
11.evidence n．[U]根据；证据→evident adj.明显的；明白的→evidently ad v.明显地
12.decorate v.装饰；装修→decoration n．[U]装饰；[C]装饰品
13.explode vi.爆炸→explosion n．[C，U]爆炸(声)；[C]爆发
14.informal adj.非正式的→(反义词)formal adj.正式的→formally ad v.正式地
阅读单词
15.fancy adj.奇特的；异样的 vt.想象；设想；爱好
16.debate n．& vi.争论；辩论
17.style n．风格；风度；类型
18.trial n．审判；审讯；试验
attract different insects.
2.(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)Lockers are available to store any belongings (belong) during your visit.
3.(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)Another group began removing/to remove (remove) seats and other theater equipment in preparation for the building's end.
4.(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)It's an amazing (amaze) accomplishment and one we cannot achieve without generous support.
5.(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)We went 10－1 and I was named most valuable (value) player.
6.(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)Yet there is evidence (evident) suggesting that the trend is growing.
Ⅱ.教材与单句改错(每题最多2处错误)
1.Before the Nazis could get to the Summer Palace, the Russians were able to remove with some furniture and small art objects from the Amber Room.去掉with
2.The amber which was selecting had a beautiful yellow－brown colour like honey.selecting→selected
3.On the voyage, the ship was attacked and sinking.sinking→sunk
4.It was a mirror designing in the Song Dynasty and decorated with the fancy style of that time.designing→designed; with→in
短语巧练
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写准并记牢
高考与教材
1.in search of/search for 寻找
2.belong to 属于
3.in return 作为报答；回报
4.serve as 充当；起作用
5.at war 处于交战状态
6.less than 少于
7.take apart 拆开
8.think highly of 看重；器重
9.rather than 而不是；与其
10.by the light of 借助……的光线
11.to one's surprise 令某人吃惊的是
Ⅰ.高考与单句填空
1.(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)Remember that you can get the best in return.
2.(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)It's a relief from daily stress rather than another thing to worry about.
3.(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)Fewer of this year's graduates have started to search for jobs.
Ⅱ.教材与单句改错(每题最多2处错误)
1.I saw some German soldiers with the light of the moon.with→by
2.This was a time when the two countries were at a war.去掉第二个a
句式仿写
原句背诵
我会仿写
1.There is no doubt that ... 是固定句式，意为“毫无疑问……”
There is no doubt that the boxes were then put on a train for Königsberg.
毫无疑问，这些箱子后来被装上火车运往哥尼斯堡。
1.(2017·浙江卷)毫无疑问你的参与会使我们的出游更加愉快。
There is no doubt that your participation will make our outing more enjoyable.
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2.“疑问词＋to do sth.”在句中可作宾语、主语或表语
In a trial, a judge must decide which eyewitnesses to believe and which not to believe.
在审判中，法官必须断定哪些证人可信，哪些证人不可信。
2.我很荣幸在这里和你们分享我对如何处理抑郁的看法。
I feel honoured to be here to share with you my views on how to deal with depression.
3.“nor/neither＋be动词/助动词/情态动词＋主语”，表示前句中的否定情况也适用于另一个人或物
Nor do I think they should give it to any government.
我也认为他们不应该把它交给任何一个政府。
3.这不是我的故事，也不是完整的故事。
This is not my story; nor is the whole story.
重点全突破
Part 1 重点单词
1.survive (survived, survived, surviving) vt.比……活得长；幸存于；艰难度过∥vi.幸免；幸存；保存下来
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①(2017·江苏卷)Determining where we are in relation to our surroundings remains an essential skill for our survival (survive)．
②My grandma survived my grandpa by ten years.
③He's one of the survivors (survive) in the crash.
④A bomb went off just behind him but he was survived.去掉was
(2)句式升级(用分词作状语升级)
After we had survived that fire, we were confident everything else would be all right.
→⑤Having survived that fire, we were confident everything else would be all right.
后记牢
survive sth. 幸免于；从……中挺过来/活过来
survive on ... 依靠……生存下来
survive from ... 从……中存活/流传下来
A survive(s) B (by ...)
A比B活得长(……)◆提醒 不能说He survived from/after/in the accident。
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◆佳句Several buildings in the town survive from medieval times.
镇上有几座建筑物从中世纪留存至今。
2.design n．①[U]设计；构思 ②[C] (pl. designs) 图案；计划∥vt. (designed, designed, designing) 设计；图案；构思；计划
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①The programme is designed to educate (educate) and not to entertain.
②The houses are designing for the elderly in the town.designing→designed
(2)句式升级(用分词作后置定语升级)
The project, which is designed to help the disabled, is very popular.
→③The project, designed to help the disabled, is very popular.
后记牢
(1)design ... to do sth. 打算让……做某事
be designed for/to do sth. 为……设计/计划做某事
(2)by design 故意地；蓄意地
◆佳句Whether by accident or by design, it so happened that she just came.
不知是偶然还是故意的，碰巧她刚来。
3.remove vt.&vi.(removed, removed, removing) 移走；搬开；脱掉；消除；开除
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①(2017·浙江卷)Sixteen years earlier, Pahlsson had removed (remove) the diamond ring to cook a meal.
②Three children removed from the school for bad behaviours yesterday.removed前加were
(2)句式升级(用have＋宾语＋宾补结构升级)
What you said has completely removed my doubts.
→③What you said has had my doubts removed completely.
后记牢
remove ... from ... 把……从……移开/撤掉
remove sb. from one's post 撤某人职；开除某人
remove sb. from school 勒令某人退学
remove one's doubts 消除某人的疑虑
◆佳句Reference books may not be removed from the library.参考书不允许被带出图书馆。
4.worth prep.值得的；相当于……的价值∥n.[U]价值∥adj.[不用于名词前]值钱的
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①His suggestion put forward at the meeting is worth considering (consider)．
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②Her achievements are worthy the highest praise.worthy后加of或worthy→worth
③Although we take an hour a day for exercise, it is very worth it. very→well
(2)一句多译
(2017·全国卷Ⅱ满分作文)我认为，这个展览很值得参观。
④Personally, this exhibition is well worth visiting.
⑤Personally, this exhibition is well worthy to be visited.
⑥Personally, this exhibition is well worthy of being visited.
⑦Personally, it is well worthwhile visiting/to visit this exhibition.
后记牢
(1)sth. be (well) worth doing
某事(非常)值得被做
sth. be worth the money/an effort/a try
某事值得花钱/努力/一试
(2)sth./sb.be worthy
(3)It is worthwhile to do/doing sth.值得做某事
◆佳句The young man is worthy to be taught.
孺子可教。
After removing dirt from the vase, the expert was amazed to find that it survived from the Tang Dynasty. The vase was so amazingly designed that it was well worth buying at such a reasonable price.
Part 2 短语与句型
1．in search of寻找；搜寻；寻求
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①(2017·浙江卷)Pahlsson and her husband searched (search) the kitchen, checking every corner, but turned up nothing.
②I searched for the room for the lost key, but in vain.去掉第一个for
(2)一句多译
她停下来寻找灵感(inspiration)。
③She paused, searching for inspiration.(search v.)
④She paused, in her search for/in search of inspiration.(search n．)
后记牢
(1)in the/one's search for 寻找
(2)search sth./sb. 搜查某物/搜某人的身
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search for＝look for 寻找
search ...for ... 为找到……而搜查……
◆佳句In an attempt to find the lost treasure, they made a thorough search of the house.为了找到遗失的宝物，他们彻底搜查了房子。
2.belong to属于；为……的一员；应归入
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①The strange vegetable belongs to the potato family.
②He sold most of his belongings (belong), and left the house.
③He sold the old house belonged to his parents.belonged→belonging或belonged前加that/which
(2)单句写作
你最好把书放回原处。
④You'd better put the book where it belongs.
后记牢
(1)belong to表示“属于”，不能用于进行时态和被动语态。
(2)belong还可用于除to以外的其他介词或副词前面，如in、on、among、under等，表“某人/某物处在适当的位置”。
◆佳句He belongs to the tennis club.
他是网球俱乐部成员。
3.in return 作为报答；回报
先试做
单句填空/单句改错
①(2017·天津卷)We offer an excellent education to our students. In return, we expect students to work hard.
②He was met by his brother on his return from Beijing.
③She's returning back to Australia tomorrow after six months in Europe.去掉back
④I returned work to find the house empty.returned后加from
后记牢
(1)in return for ... 作为……的交换(回报)
on one's return 某人一回来
(2)return sth. to sb./return sb. sth.
归还某人某物
return to ... from ... 从……回到……
◆佳句(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)He is not looking for anything in return.他不寻求任何回报。
4.There is no doubt that the boxes were then put on a train for Königsberg, which was at that time
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a German city on the Baltic Sea.毫无疑问，这些箱子后来被装上火车运往哥尼斯堡，当时德国在波罗的海边的一个城市。
句型公式 There is no doubt ＋that引导的同位语从句
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
① I never doubt that Chinese diet is the healthiest in the world.
② I doubt whether/if the new one will be any better.
③There is some doubt if an iPhone X is worth buying.if→whether
(2)一句多译
(2017·全国卷Ⅱ满分作文)毫无疑问，剪纸是中国的传统文化之一。
④I don't doubt that paper－cutting is one of Chinese traditional cultures. (doubt v.)
⑤There is no doubt that/I have no doubt that paper－cutting is one of Chinese traditional cultures. (doubt n．)
后记牢
(1)There is no doubt of/about .../There is no doubt that ... 毫无疑问……
There is some doubt whether ... 有……疑问
I have no doubt that ... 我确信……
(2)I don't/never doubt that ... 我确信……
I doubt whether/if ... 我怀疑……
◆佳句The meeting has been, without doubt, one of the most meaningful meetings we have had so far.这无疑是我们迄今为止最有意义的一次会议。
As is known to all, cultural relics belong to human beings rather than individuals. However, some people are in search of them and take possession of them illegally. Some of the national treasures have been damaged while only a few survive. Therefore, there is no doubt that every one of us should make all efforts to protect them from being destroyed.
集训新思路
四 维 夯 基
本部分练习中加黑体词语是必修1 Unit 5的词汇复现，如有遗忘，请及时回顾。
Ⅰ.在空白处填入1个适当的单词或所给单词的正确形式——热考用法
1．As a matter of fact, it's an outdoor party, so dress (formal) and casually.
答案与解析 informally 设空在句中作状语，修饰谓语dress，应用副词，根据设空后的casually可知此处表“非正式地”，故填informally。
2．The town is so peaceful that it is worth (visit) a second time.
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答案与解析 visiting sth. be worth doing“某事值得做”。
3．There is convincing (evident) that the lawyer is equal to his job.
答案与解析 evidence 设空前是形容词convincing，故设空应填名词。There is evidence that ...“有证据表明……”。
4．Two thousand British (sail) lost their lives when the ship was attacked.
答案与解析 sailors 设空在句中作主语，指“水手”，且设空前是数词Two thousand，故可数名词sailor应用复数形式。
5．The man didn't know which candidate (vote) in the election.
答案与解析 to vote “特殊疑问词＋不定式”在句中作动词know的宾语。
6．It was generous of those (art) to donate their money to charity.
答案与解析 artists 根据句中的their和语境“这些艺术家捐钱给慈善真是太慷慨了”以及设空前的those可知，可数名词artist应用复数形式。
7．In my opinion, they will finish the (decorate) of the house ahead of schedule.
答案与解析 decoration 设空前是定冠词the，故该空填名词decoration。
8．He was sentenced to many years in prison because of stealing famous (painting)．
答案与解析 paintings 设空前无表“一”的限定词，故可数名词painting应用复数形式。
9．The weekend was less wonderful, or rather it was boring.
答案与解析 than less than“一点也不”，修饰形容词，强调程度。
10．I should study hard in return the efforts of my devoted mother.
答案与解析 for in return for ...“作为……的回报”。
Ⅱ.用括号内动词的正确形式填空——不规则变化
1．I returned home, (sink) back into my seat and sighed with relief.
答案与解析 sank 设空所填谓语动词与returned, sighed时态一致，应用一般过去时，故填sank。sink(坐下；下沉；消沉)—sank—sunk—sinking。
2．The machine (take) apart the other day. However, we found it couldn't be repaired.
答案与解析 was taken 句中时间状语是the other day，故谓语用一般过去时；主语The machine与take apart是被动关系，故用一般过去时的被动语态，填was taken。take apart“拆开”。take(拿走)—took—taken—taking。
3．The lawyer offered us guidance, which was highly (think) of.
答案与解析 thought be highly thought of“被高度评价”。think(考虑；认为)—thought—thought—thinking。
Ⅲ.改正下列句子中的唯一错误——易错混用
1．In my opinion, the room can serve a study room.
答案与解析 serve后加as serve as“充当；作为”。
2．The truck spilled oil over the road, which took two hours clean up.
答案与解析 clean前加to take time to do sth.“花时间做某事”。
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3．You can turn to him for help, but I doubt that he will help you out.
答案与解析 that→whether/if doubt作动词用于肯定句时，应用whether/if引导宾语从句。
4．Hopefully, he still remained actively after the republic was founded.
答案与解析 actively→active remain“仍然是”，是系动词，其后接形容词作表语。remain active“仍然活跃”。
5．The singer whose future was hopeful is rare seen in public nowadays.
答案与解析 rare→rarely 在句中作状语修饰谓语is seen，应用副词。
6．Whether he should be rewarded with a painting is under the debate.
答案与解析 去掉the under debate“在辩论中”。
7．It is amazed that the artist devotes so much time to painting.
答案与解析 amazed→amazing It is amazing that ... “……真是令人惊奇”。
8．When the machine exploding, many people were injured.
答案与解析 exploding→exploded 根据主句谓语were injured可知，从句用一般过去时，故exploding改为exploded。
9．The house was surrounded by a tall, wood fence.
答案与解析 wood→wooden 修饰名词fence应用形容词wooden。wooden“木制的”。
10．Most belonging of the mean man might be locked in a safe in his bedroom.
答案与解析 belonging→belongings belongings“财物”；其他类似用法的名词：possessions“财物”；surroundings“环境”；manners“礼貌”等名词应用复数形式。
Ⅳ.根据语境选出画线部分的正确含义——熟词生义
A. burst into anger B. unhappy C. get rid of
1．I realized, with a sinking heart, that I had forgotten to post that vital letter. B
2．These reforms will not remove, in their opinion, poverty and injustice. C
3．My father exploded over the news that I failed in the final exam. A
小题补练
语法填空
Feng Jicai used to write many novels about life in China, but 1. (amaze), several years ago, he gave up writing to protect the cultural relics in Tianjin, where he lives.
There is no doubt 2. he loves his hometown. He believes that old things must be given a place next to new things, or people will soon forget their great past. He does not fancy 3. (get) others involved in his projects. Instead, he takes pains to do what he can by4. (him). If others follow him, so much the better. One of his biggest projects was to protect the oldest street in Tianjin. Along that street some shops which had done business for seven hundred years 5. (survive). Although the local government 6. (rebuild) the street, they did save its oldest building. Another project was more 7. (success)：he persuaded the local government to buy some land in the center
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of the city so it could not be sold for businesses. This area is 8. the city was first built during the Song Dynasty. Thus, it was 9. great value to the history of Tianjin. Later many treasures were found there.
To Feng, 10. (dig) down into the earth is like reading page after page of a book. Each dynasty found in the earth is like an interesting story.
答案与解析
1．amazingly 考查词性转换。设空在句中作状语修饰全句，应用副词，故填amazingly。amazingly “令人吃惊的是”。
2．that 考查名词性从句。there is no doubt that ...“毫无疑问……”，that引导同位语从句。
3．getting 考查非谓语动词。fancy doing sth. “想象做某事”。
4．himself 考查代词。设空所填代词与主语He是同一人，故填反身代词himself。
5．survived 考查时态。定语从句谓语动词是过去完成时，故主句谓语动词用一般过去时。
6．rebuilt 考查时态。设空在句中作谓语，且与主句谓语动词did时态一致，应用一般过去时，故填rebuilt。rebuild(重建)→rebuilt→rebuilt→rebuilding。
7．successful 考查词性转换。设空在句中作表语，与设空前的more构成比较级，故填形容词successful。
8．where 考查名词性从句。 the city was first built 是表语从句，从句中缺少地点状语，故用where引导表语从句。
9．of 考查介词。be of great value to ... “对……很有价值”。
10．digging 考查非谓语动词。设空在句中作主语，应用动名词形式，故填digging。
写 作 提 能
用本单元词汇、句式和语法知识写满分作文
某中学生英文报就“保护中国传统文化”为主题举行英语征文活动。你阅读了上述文章后，准备给该报投稿，稿件内容包括：
①保护中国传统文化的重要性；②谈谈你对文化保护的建议。
(一)根据提示利用本单元所学知识补全短文(无提示处请填写适当的过渡词汇：therefore、besides、in conclusion)
On Keeping Traditional Chinese Culture
❶Obviously, lots of traditional culture is disappearing with the development of technology. ①Only few ancient buildings and traditional customs have survived into the present (只有少数古建筑和传统风俗留存至今). ❷②Therefore, China is sparing no efforts to protect traditional culture. ❸That ③is highly thought of (受到了高度评价)．
④Without doubt (毫无疑问), the protection of folk culture is of great significance to Chinese cultural diversity. In my opinion, ⑤some measures are worth taking/it is worthwhile taking/to take some measures (值得采取一些措施) to protect traditional culture effectively. ⑥Besides, we should draw more people's attention to it. The more people know about the importance of culture protection, the stronger the support we can get from the public.
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⑦In conclusion, it is useful to treasure and ⑧develop our valuable culture (发展我们宝贵的文化)．
(二)按要求升级词汇和句式
1．用本单元所学词汇升级加波浪线词汇
Obviously→Evidently
2．按要求升级句式
(1)利用that引导的同位语从句升级句❶
There is evidence that lots of traditional culture is disappearing with the development of technology.
(2)利用非限制性定语从句合并句❷和句❸
Therefore, China is sparing no efforts to protect traditional culture, which is highly thought of.
Unit 2 The Olympic Games
基础巧回顾
见学生用书P034
单词巧练
写准并记牢
高考与教材
重点单词
1.fine vt.罚款
2.charge vt.& vi.收费；控诉 n．[U]费用；主管
3.deserve vi.& vt.应受(报答或惩罚)；值得
4.replace vt.取代；替换；代替→(熟词生义)放回原处
5.bargain vi.讨价还价；讲条件 n．[C]便宜货
6.compete vi.比赛；竞争→competition n．[C，U]竞争；比赛→competitive adj.竞争的；有竞争性的→competitor n．[C]竞争者
7.admit vt.& vi.容许；承认；接纳→admission n．[U]准入；准许
8.volunteer n．[C]志愿者 adj.志愿的；义务的
vt.& vi.自愿→voluntary adj.志愿的；自愿的
9.regular adj.规则的；定期的；常规的→regularly ad v.经常地；规则地→(反义词)irregular adj.不规则的；不定期的
10.physical adj.物理的；身体的→physically ad v. 物理地；身体地→physics n．物理
11.responsibility n．
Ⅰ.高考与单句填空
1.(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)They were more likely to break the speed limit and be at risk of getting fined (fine)．
2.(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)When all those had been done, the road surface was replaced (replace)．
3.(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)Paul and I didn't see each other all that regularly (regular), but sharing that brought us together.
4.(2015·全国卷Ⅱ)Students who take a gap year are often more mature and responsible (responsibility)．
5.(2015·全国卷Ⅰ)Instead of looking at the situation from this hopeless (hope) angle, look at everything you still have and be thankful for all of the good in your life.
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[C]责任；职责→responsible adj.有责任心的→responsibly ad v.负责任地
12.advertise vt.& vi.做广告；登广告→advertiser n．[C]广告商→advertisement n．[C]广告
13.host vt.做东；主办；招待 n．[C]主人→hostess n. [C]女主人；女房东
14.pain n．[C，U]疼痛；痛苦→painful adj.痛苦的；疼痛的→painfully ad v.令人痛苦地；吃力地
15.hopeless adj.绝望的→(反义词)hopeful adj.有希望的→hopefully ad v.充满希望地；有望
阅读单词
16.athlete n．运动员；运动选手
17.ancient adj.古代的；古老的
18.swift adj.快的；迅速的
19.basis n．基础；根据
6.(2014·全国卷Ⅰ)I wonder how much you will charge me for the six－week course.
7.(2014·全国卷Ⅰ)If you leave the club, you'll not be admitted (admit) back in.
Ⅱ.教材与单句改错(每题最多2处错误)
1.Only athletes who have reached the agreed standard for their event will admitted as competitor.will后加be; competitor→competitors
2.Our Greek cities used to compete each other just for the honour of winning.compete后加against/with
3.You are asked to make a poster to advertise for a sporting event.去掉for
4.Do you think Hippomenes deserved to winning the race？winning→win
短语巧练
写准并记牢
高考与教材
1.take part in 参加；参与
2.stand for 代表；象征；表示
3.as well 也；又；还
4.one after another 一个接一个地
5.pick up 拾起；捡起；用车接某人
6.play a role in 在……起作用
7.in charge 主管；看管；负责
8.make a bargain with 与……达成协议
Ⅰ.高考与单句填空
1.(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)While you're here, pick up a souvenir to remember your visit.
2.(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)Spend some time reading some Tang poems after class as well.
3.(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)With a code book, you might write down words that would stand for other words.
Ⅱ
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.教材与单句改错(每题最多2处错误)
1.He threw the golden apples one after the another.去掉第二个the
2.Her father said that she must marry, so Atlanta made bargain with him.made后加a
句式仿写
原句背诵
我会仿写
1.what引导宾语从句，意为“所……的地方；所……东西”
I lived in what you call “Ancient Greece”．
我生活在你们所说的古希腊。
1.我被你在信中所描述的事情吸引。
I'm attracted by what you described in your letter.
2.“nor/neither＋情态动词/助动词/系动词be＋主语”构成倒装句型，表示“……也不这样”
No other countries could join in, nor could slaves or women！
别的国家不能参加，奴隶和妇女也不能参加！
2.如果你不参加这次会议，我也不去。
If you don't attend the meeting, nor/neither will I．
3.“the＋比较级(...), the＋比较级(...)”意为“越……，就越……”
This is important because the more you speak English, the better your English will become.
这是很重要的，因为你说英语越多，你的英语水平就会越高。
3.(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)一篇文章越积极乐观，人们越可能分享它。
The more positive an article, the more likely it was to be shared.
重点全突破
Part 1 重点单词
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1.compete vi. (competed, competed, competing)比赛；竞争
先试做
(1)单句填空
①No one can entirely keep away from the competitive (compete) world.
②Life is like a long race in which we compete with/against others to go beyond ourselves.
(2)一句多译
他们为了这个奖项互相竞争。
③They are competing with/against each other for the prize. (compete)
④They are in competition with each other for the prize.(competition)
后记牢
(1)compete in ... 参加……(比赛/竞争)
compete for ... 为……而竞争
compete with/against sb. 与某人竞争
(2)in competition with ... 与……进行竞争
◆佳句Competitors are competing in the competitive games for medals.
选手们正在参加激烈的比赛竞争奖牌。
2.admit vt.&vi. (admitted, admitted, admitting) 容许；承认；接纳
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①(2017·天津卷)She asked me whether I had returned the books to the library, and I admitted (admit) that I hadn't.
②Admission/Being admitted (admit) to the school is by examination only.
③He works hard to get admitted into a university student.into→as
(2)一句多译
我们应该勇于承认错误。
④We should have the courage to admit our mistakes.
(admit sth.)
⑤We should have the courage to admit making/having made mistakes.
(admit doing sth.)
⑥We should have the courage to admit that we have made mistakes.(admit that ...)
后记牢
(1)admit doing/having done/that...
承认做了/做过……
admit sb./sth.to be ... 承认某人/某物是……
admit sb./sth. to/into ... 容许/允许某人/某物进入……
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(2)be admitted to/into/as... 被录取到……，被容许进入……； 作为……被接受
◆佳句The house really deserves buying, because all its wide windows admit light into the room.这个房子的确值得购买，因为它所有的大窗户都使光线透进室内。
3.replace vt. (replaced, replaced, replacing) 取代；替换；代替；(熟词生义) 把……放回原处
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①She replaced (replace) the books after reading and fell asleep.
②E－books won't be in the place of paper books.去掉the
(2)句型转换(将练习②的正确表达转换为其他表达)
→③Paper books won't be replaced by e－books. (replace)
→④E－books won't take the place of paper books.(take the place of)
后记牢
replace ... with/by ... 用……替换……
replace ... as ... 取代……而成为
take the place of sb.＝take sb.'s place代替某人
in place of 代替
◆佳句It isn't a good idea to replace meals with snacks.用零食代替正餐不好。4.charge vt.&vi. (charged, charged, charging) 收费；控诉；充电∥n. [U] 费用；主管
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①The man in charge of the shop was charged with taking drugs.
②We won't charge you for delivery; it's free for charge.第二个for→of
(2)一句多译
他不能掌管这个项目，因为这超出了他的能力。
③The programme can't be in the charge of him because it's beyond his ability.
④He can't take charge of the programme because it is
beyond his ability.
⑤He can't be in charge of the programme because it is
beyond his ability.
后记牢
(1)charge (sb.) for ... (向某人)收取……的费用
charge sb. with (doing) sth.
控告某人(做)某事
(2)take charge of ... 掌管/负责……
in charge of ... 控制/管理……
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in the charge of ... 受……的管理
(3)free of charge 免费
◆佳句I was wondering if I could speak to whoever is in charge of the project.
我想知道我是否能与项目负责人谈谈。5.deserve vi.&vt. (deserved, deserved, deserving) 应受(报答或惩罚)；值得；应得
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①In my view, she deserves to succeed (succeed)．
②Those who help others in need deserve respected.respected→respecting/respect
(2)一句多译
保持开放的心态，因为每个人的想法都值得考虑。
③Keep an open mind, because everyone's ideas deserve consideration.
④Keep an open mind, because everyone's ideas deserve considering.
⑤Keep an open mind, because everyone's ideas deserve to be considered.
后记牢
deserve to do sth. 应该做/值得做某事
deserve to be done/doing 值得被做
deserve consideration/attention/a rest
值得考虑/注意/应该休息
◆佳句It is true that she made a mistake but she hardly deserves to lose her job.
她的确犯了错，但她不应该被解雇。
As we all know, only athletes who have reached the agreed standard for their event will be admitted as competitors to compete in the Olympics for gold medals. Nothing can replace the joy of winning a gold medal. As the organizers in charge put it, “The loser worked as hard as the winner before the Olympics, so both of them deserve our respect.”
Part 2 短语与句型
1．take part in参加；参与(参加群众性的活动、会议等)
先试做
(1)选用take part in/join/join (sb.) in/attend完成语段
①My brother attended a law school after he left middle school. Yesterday he attended/took part in the meeting held in his class. He joined in the discussion whether they would join a theater club. At last, most students signed up for it, including my brother.
(2)单句写作
不言而喻，积极参加交流活动不仅能提高我们的英语口语也能开阔我们的视野。
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②It goes without saying that taking an active part in exchange activities can not only improve our oral English but broaden our horizons.
后记牢
(1)take an active part in 积极参加
play a part in ... 在……中起作用；
在……中扮演角色
(2)participate in/join in 参加；参与
(3)join指加入某个组织并成为其中一员
join sb. in (doing) sth. 和某人一起(做)某事
(4)attend指参加会议、婚礼、典礼；听报告、讲座；上学、上课等
◆佳句Anyone is welcomed to join us in discussing.
欢迎大家和我们一起讨论。
2.as well也；又；还(常放在句尾，作为副词短语使用)
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①She can sing; she can play the piano as well.
②The bag, as well as the books, were donated to the poor boy yesterday.were→was
(2)词汇升级(用本单元所学高级词汇升级黑体词汇)
③(2017·天津卷满分作文)I often surf the Internet to get more information about the history and the culture of Tianjin.as well as
后记牢
(1)as well“也”，置于肯定句句末。
(2)as well as ...同……一样好
(3)may/might as well do sth.最好做某事
(4)as well as“既……又……”，用来连接两个并列成分，后接动词时多用－ing形式；当“A as well as B”结构作主语时，谓语动词应与A在人称和数方面保持一致。
3.stand for 代表；象征；主张；支持；容忍(不用于被动语态和进行时态)
先试做
(1)[一词多义]写出下列句中黑体部分的含义
①These knots stand for friendship, love and good luck.代表
②We should stand for religious freedom.支持；主张
③I will not stand for such bad behaviour in my house.容忍
(2)单句填空/单句改错
④She couldn't stand being kept (keep) waiting.
⑤You should stand on your own foot.foot→feet
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后记牢
(1)stand sth./doing sth. 忍受(做)某事
(2)stand by 站在旁边；袖手旁观
stand out 突出；显眼；杰出
stand on one's own feet 自力更生
◆佳句Having been painted red, the building stands out among the rest and looks attractive.
因为被刷成了红色，这幢楼在楼群中很显眼很好看。4.No other countries could join in, nor could slaves or women！别的国家不能参加，奴隶和妇女也不能参加！
句型公式 nor/neither/so＋助动词/系动词be/情态动词＋主语
先试做
(1)完成句子
①Jane comes from Canada. So does Mary(玛丽也是)．
②—Jack is very crazy about Chinese culture and folk music.
—So he is and so are you(他的确如此，你也是)．
(2)单句改错
③His boss is not satisfied with the disappointing result. So is Tom.So→Nor/Neither
④If you go to school early tomorrow, so do I．do→will
(3)句型转换
They didn't finish the task successfully and were scolded by the boss. So it was with us.
→⑤They didn't finish the task successfully and were scolded by the boss. It was the same with us.
后记牢
(1)“nor/neither＋助动词/系动词be/情态动词＋主语”构成倒装句型，意为“……也不这样”，表示某人或某物也有前面说过的情况(否定情况)。
(2)so＋助动词/系动词be/情态动词＋主语，意为“……也是如此”，表示某人或某物也有前面说过的情况(肯定情况)。
(3)so＋主语＋助动词/系动词be/情态动词，表示对前文内容加以强调或肯定，意为“……的确如此”。
(4)如果前面句子的谓语既有肯定又有否定，或者形式不同，应用句型So it is/was with ...或It is/was the same with ...。5.This is important because the more you speak English, the better your English will become.
这是很重要的，因为你说英语越多，你的英语水平就会越高。
句型公式 the＋比较级．.., the＋比较级．..
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①(2016·上海卷)The more stress you are under, the better (good) your performance will be.
②It becomes cold and colder when winter comes.cold→colder
(2)单句写作
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我越沮丧，我越不能集中精力。
③The more upset I got, the less I was able to concentrate.
后记牢
(1)the＋形容词/副词比较级，the＋形容词/副词比较级 越……，就越……(表一方变化，另一方也随之变化，可省略主语和谓语)
(2)形容词/副词比较级＋and＋形容词/副词比较级 越来越……
◆佳句The more learned a man is, the more modest he usually becomes.一个人学识越渊博通常也会越谦虚。
Last month, I stood for my class to join in a chess match. My friend Li Hua took part in the match as well. Before the game, because of anxiety I could hardly calm down, nor could he. It was then that our teacher encouraged us to be confident and reminded us that the more confident we were, the more likely we were to succeed.
集训新思路
四 维 夯 基
本部分练习中加黑体词语是必修2 Unit 1的词汇复现，如有遗忘，请及时回顾。
Ⅰ.在空白处填入1个适当的单词或所给单词的正确形式——热考用法
1．The designer's words had a (magic) effect on us.
答案与解析 magical 设空在句中作定语，应用形容词，故填magical。
2．Now, my former teacher is back on his feet. He is (physical) healthy again.
答案与解析 physically 设空在句中作状语修饰形容词healthy，应用副词，故填physically。physically healthy“身体健康的”。
3．Knowing that Helen's condition was (hope), Tom's heart sank.
答案与解析 hopeless 根据语境“汤姆的心沉了下去”可知，海伦的状况是“没有希望的”，故填形容词hopeless。
4．I would like to apply for the position (advertise) in yesterday's newspaper.
答案与解析 advertised 设空在句中作定语修饰名词the position。advertise与the position是逻辑上的动宾关系，应用过去分词作后置定语。
5．What bargain! The painting is really worth the price.
答案与解析 a What a bargain！“多么便宜啊！”
6．We'll be for your safety and without doubt you should take for your actions. (responsible)
答案与解析 responsible; responsibility be responsible for/take responsibility for ...“为……负责”。
7．I think it would be (fool) to ignore the important evidence.
答案与解析 foolish 设空在句中作表语，应用形容词，故填foolish。
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8．The designer, as well as the models, (interview) shortly after they finished their amazing performance.
答案与解析 was interviewed as well as连接两个并列的成分作主语，谓语动词的数与最前面的主语的数一致。根据语境可知interview表过去的动作，且主语The designer与interview是被动关系，应用被动语态，故填was interviewed。
9．As everybody knows, the (lazy) a person is, the more things he needs to do tomorrow.
答案与解析 lazier 该句是“the＋比较级，the＋比较级”结构，故填lazier。
10．The shop owner (charge) us for the vase last night.
答案与解析 charged 根据句中时间状语last night可知，谓语用一般过去时。
Ⅱ.用括号内动词的正确形式填空——不规则变化
1．When they (hear) of her rules, they knew it was hopeless.
答案与解析 heard 根据主句谓语动词knew可知从句谓语用一般过去时。hear(听说)—heard—heard—hearing。
2．The boy (admit) to Peking University last year competed in the game with his friends.
答案与解析 admitted 设空处所填词在句中作定语，应用非谓语动词；admit与The boy是逻辑上的动宾关系，且句中时间状语是last year，故用过去分词作定语，表被动和完成。admit(录入；录取)—admitted—admitted—admitting。
3．Shakespear's writing is still popular today. It has really (stand) the test of time.
答案与解析 stood stand the test of time“经受时间的考验”。设空前有助动词has，故填过去分词stood。stand(承受；经得起；站立)—stood—stood—standing。
4．A large number of students (take) part in the activity, so did many teachers.
答案与解析 took 根据so did many teachers中的谓语可知设空谓语应用一般过去时。take part in“参加”。take(拿；取)—took—taken—taking。
Ⅲ.改正下列句子中的唯一错误——易错混用
1．To decorate my house, I'm saving money on regular basis.
答案与解析 regular前加a on a regular basis“定期”。
2．Not only is he amazed at the stadium, and his students get surprised.
答案与解析 and→but not only ... but (also) ...“不但……而且……”。
3．Getting rid of a bad habit is so much a struggle as forming a good one.
答案与解析 so→as as＋形容词原级＋a(n)＋可数名词单数＋as＋...，“像……一样的……”，肯定句中应用as ... as，否定句中用so/as ... as ...。
4．We should take pain to improve ourselves through learning.
答案与解析 pain→pains take pains to do sth.“努力做某事”。
5．As a matter of fact, they don't deserve to knowing the evidence.
答案与解析 knowing→know deserve to do sth.“应该做某事”。
6．Hundreds of volunteer have joined in the search for the lost child.
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答案与解析 volunteer→volunteers 根据volunteer前的Hundreds of可知，volunteer应用复数形式。
7．I don't doubt that we live in where is called Information Age now.
答案与解析 where→what what引导宾语从句，且在从句中作主语，表“所……的地方”。
8．When the Chinese sailor travelled to England, he picked out some spoken English.
答案与解析 out→up pick up“学会；捡起；接某人；接收；染上；好转”。
9．He rather than his parents comes to see his grandparents each three days.
答案与解析 each→every every three days“每隔两天”。
10．The factory has been replaced most of its workers with robots.
答案与解析 去掉been 主语The factory与replace是主动关系，应用主动语态，故去掉been。
Ⅳ.根据语境选出画线部分的正确含义——熟词生义
A. accept B. put back C. customers
1．Make sure all the readers replace the magazines after reading. B
2．The waiters welcomed one of the restaurant's regulars. C
3．According to the report, the facts admit of no other explanations. A
写 作 提 能
用本单元词汇、句式和语法知识写满分作文
某英文报社举办题为“An Unforgettable Experience”的征文活动，请你结合自身作为志愿者参加全运会的经历用英语写一篇短文。
(一)根据提示利用本单元所学知识补全短文
❶I will never forget the experience of being a volunteer for the National Games that was held in our city.
①Admitted as one of the three volunteers (作为被接纳的三个志愿者之一) selected from our school, I felt nervous and proud. To make sure that I could provide the best service to those who ②took part in the competition (参加比赛), I ③practised hard on a regular basis (定期努力练习) every day. When the day finally came, though a little nervous ④I felt quite confident (我感觉相当自信). ❷Because of my full preparation, I performed very well and the people ⑤in charge of (负责) volunteer organization thought ⑥my performance deserved being praised/praising/praise (我的表现值得表扬)．
From the experience I learn that ⑦the better we get prepared, the better we will perform (我们准备得越好，我们就表现得越好)．
(二)按要求升级词汇和句式
1．用本单元所学词汇升级加波浪线词汇
and→as well as
2．按要求升级句式
(1)利用分词作定语升级句❶
I will never forget the experience of being a volunteer for the National Games held in our city.
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(2)利用强调句升级句❷
It was because of my full preparation that I performed very well and the people in charge of the volunteer organization thought my performance deserved being praised/praising/praise.
Unit 3 Computers
基础巧回顾
见学生用书P040
单词巧练
写准并记牢
高考与教材
重点单词
1.anyhow/anyway ad v.无论如何；即使如此
2.signal vi.& vt.发信号 n．[C]信号
3.goal n．[C]目标；目的；球门；(进球)得分
4.arise vi.出现；发生→arose/arisen(过去式/过去分词)
5.solve vt.解决；解答→solution n．[C]解决；解决办法
6.simplify vt.简化→simplified adj.简化的→simple adj.简单的→simply ad v.简单地；仅仅
7.intelligent adj.智能的；聪明的→intelligence n．[U]智力；聪明；智能
8.total adj.总的；整个的 n．[C]总数；合计vt.共计；总计；把……加起来→totally ad v.完全地；整个地
9.personal adj.私人的；个人的；亲自的→personally ad v.就个人而言；亲自→personality n．[C，U]个性；性格
10.application n．[C，U]应用；用途；申请→apply v.应用；涉及；申请→applicant n．[C]申请人
11.explore vt.& vi.探索；探测；探究→explorer n．[C]探险家；勘探者→exploration n．[U]探索
12.appearance n．[C，U]外观；外貌；(常用单数)出现→appear vi.出现→(反义词)disappear vi.消失
13.reality n．[U]真实；[C]事实→real adj.
Ⅰ.高考与单句填空
1.(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)However, when it works, it is simply (simple) beautiful.
2.(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)High school does not generally encourage students to explore (explore) new aspects of life.
3.(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)Yesterday's cleanup at the Plaza signalled (signal) the closedown of the theater.
4.(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)Looking forward to your reply. And I'd be really (real) thankful.
5.(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)I have just completed my application (apply) letter and resume.
Ⅱ.教材与单句改错(每题最多2处错误)
1.Then she prepares reliable moves to use if a new situation arise.arise→arises
2.Although I was young I could simplified difficult sums.simplified→simplify
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真实的→(反义词)unreal adj.不真实的→really ad v.真实地
14.finance n．[U]金融；财政→financial adj.财政的；金融的→financially ad v.财政上；金融上
阅读单词
15.download vt.下载
16.technology n．工艺；科技；技术
17.character n．性格；特点
3.Since the 1970s many new application have been found for me.application→applications
4.Personal, I think the team that won first place cheated.Personal→Personally
5.But in the reality he has a long way to go.去掉the
短语巧练
写准并记牢
高考与教材
1.from ... on 从……时起
2.in a way 在某种程度上
3.with the help of 在……的帮助下
4.deal with 处理；安排；对付
5.watch over 看守；监视；照管
6.have sth. in common 有共同之处
7.share ... with ... 与……分享……
8.as a result 结果
9.make up 弥补；编造；打扮；构成
10.after all 毕竟；终究
Ⅰ.高考与单句填空
1.(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)Interruptions are one of the worst things to deal with while you're trying to get work done.
2.(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)As a result, the plants are growing everywhere.
3.(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)But when you share a story with your friends, you care a lot more how they react.
Ⅱ.教材与单句改错(每题最多2处错误)
1.In the way our programmer is like our coach.the→a
2.After all, under the help of my electronic brain which never forgets anything, using my intelligence is what I'm all about.under→with
句式仿写
原句背诵
我会仿写
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1.so ... that ...引导结果状语从句，意为“如此……以至于……”
And my memory became so large that even I couldn't believe it！
我的存储量变得如此之大，连我自己都不能相信！
1.(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)你如此努力，我很乐意教你。
You are so hard－working that I'm delighted to teach you.
2.as引导时间状语从句，意为“随着”
As time went by, I was made smaller.
随着时间的推移，我被做得更小了。
2.(2016·天津卷)随着人口平均年龄的增长，有越来越多的老年人需要照顾。
As the average age of the population increases, there are more and more old people to care for.
3.by the time“到……为止”，引导时间状语从句
By the time I was sixteen, my dream had come true.
在我满十六岁时，我的梦想成真了。
3.在他五岁时，他已学会了如何弹钢琴。
By the time he was five, he had learned how to play the piano.
重点全突破
Part 1 重点单词
1.signal vi.&vt. (signalled/signaled, signalled/signaled, signalling/signaling) 发信号∥n.[C] (pl. signals) 信号；信号灯
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①The police signalled to the driver to stop (stop) his car.
②There was a signal for him to continuing.continuing→continue
(2)句式升级(按要求升级句式)
The bell rang, and signalled that school was over.
→③The bell rang, which signal(l)ed that school was over.
(非限制性定语从句)
→④The bell rang, signal(l)ing that school was over.
(分词作状语)
后记牢
(1)signal (to) sb. to do sth.
示意某人做某事
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signal [(to) sb.] that ... 示意(某人)……
(2)a signal for sb. to do sth.
某人做某事的信号
◆佳句(朗文词典)When he closes his book, it's a signal for everyone to stand up.
当他把书合上时，这就表示该全体起立了。2.arise vi. (arose, arisen, arising)出现；发生；起身；起床
先试做
(1)用arise/rise/arouse/raise的适当形式完成语段
①Raised in a poor family, he found everything in the outside world aroused his curiosity. However, as time went by, many problems arose. When the sun rose in the east, he arose/rose from his bed and began to deal with them.
(2)写出各动词的过去式和过去分词
②rise vi.(rose; risen) 升起；起身；增长；上升
③raise vt. (raised; raised)举起；唤起；提高；饲养
④arouse vt. (aroused; aroused)唤醒；激起
后记牢
(1)arise作“出现；发生”之意时，主语多为抽象名词problem/question/quarrel/argument等，无被动语态。
(2)arise from/out of ...由……产生/引起；
从……中产生
The cellphone is becoming increasingly popular, which is also a signal that we have fewer face－to－face talks with our friends. As a result, a series of problems have arisen from lack of communication.
Part 2 短语与句型
1．as a result 结果
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)As a result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing.
②He didn't work hard enough. In a result, he failed.In→As
(2)句型转换(用其他表达方式改写练习②改后的正确句子)
→③As a result of his not working hard enough, he failed.
→④His not working hard enough resulted in his failure.
→⑤His failure resulted from his not working hard enough.
后记牢
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(1)as a result of 由于；作为……的结果
result from ... 由……引起
(2)result in(＝lead to/contribute to)
导致；造成
2.in a way从某一角度看；在某种程度上
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①(福建卷)Mrs. Smith finds it hard to clear up the mess, as her children are always in the way whenever she tries to.
②In the way, cellphones play an increasingly important role in our life.the→a
③(2017·浙江卷)At this moment, Paul and Backy were driving their car in their way to Alaska.in→on
(2)单句写作(利用倒装句)
面对困难时，你决不应该失去信心。
④In no way should you lose heart when you are faced with difficulties.
后记牢
all the way 一路上；自始至终；完全
by way of 经由
in no way 决不(置句首，主谓部分倒装)
in this way 用这种方法
in the/sb.'s way 挡道；妨碍某人
on the way (to doing) 在途中；即将做某事
3.deal with处理；对付；论及；涉及；与……打交道；和……做生意
先试做
(1)[一词多义]写出下列句中黑体部分的含义
①We discussed ways to deal with the problem.处理；应付
②It's a book dealing with the ancient history of China.论及；涉及
③He's used to dealing with all kinds of people.与……打交道
④In his opinion, that company, though relatively small, is pleasant to deal with.和……做生意
(2)一句多译
我不知道他们将如何处理这么多钱。
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⑤I'm at a loss how they will deal with such a great deal of money.
(how)
⑥I'm at a loss what they will do with such a great deal of money.
(what)
后记牢
(1)do with sth.处理某事，常与what连用；
deal with表“处理”时，常与how连用。
(2) make a deal 达成协议
a great/good deal 大量；很多；(后接比较级)……得多
a great/good deal of＋不可数名词
大量的……
◆佳句(2017·天津卷)We certainly do spend a great deal of our time waiting.
我们确实花费许多时间等待。4.And my memory became so large that even I couldn't believe it！我的存储量变得如此之大，连我自己都不能相信！
句型公式 so/such ... that ...引导结果状语从句，意为“如此……以至于……”
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①He made so little progress that we felt disappointed.
②His plan was such a good one that we all agreed to accept it.
③(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)I was so much nervous that I could hardly tell which direction was left.去掉much
④(2015·全国卷Ⅱ)He liked it so very much that he quickly walked into the shop.去掉very
(2)一句多译
那天天气非常寒冷，因此街上没有人。
⑤It was so cold a day that there was nobody on the street.(so)
⑥It was such a cold day that there was nobody on the street.(such)
⑦Such a cold day was it that there was nobody on the street.(such倒装句)
⑧So cold a day was it that there was nobody on the street.(so倒装句)
后记牢
(1)so ... that ...句型的常见形式：
so＋adj./adv.＋that ...
so＋adj.＋a(n)＋n.(单数可数名词)＋that ...
so＋many/few/much/little (少) ...＋n.＋that ...
(2)such ... that ...句型的基本结构：
such＋a(n)＋adj.＋n.(单数可数名词)＋that ...
such＋adj.＋n.(复数可数名词/不可数名词)＋that ...
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(3)当so＋形容词/副词及such ...放在句首时，主句要用部分倒装。
◆佳句There were so many goods on November 11th that the delivery time was long.
双十一货物这么多以至发货时间很长。
5.By the time I was sixteen, my dream had come true.在我满十六岁时，我梦想成真了。
句型公式 by the time＋时间状语从句，意为“到……为止”
先试做
单句填空/单句改错
①By the time he returned from England, his son had graduated (graduate) from college.
②By this time tomorrow, I will be/will have been (be) there.
③By then, he has learned advanced maths by himself.has→had
后记牢
(1)by the time后的从句如用一般过去时，则主句用过去完成时；如从句用一般现在时，则主句用将来完成时。
(2)“by＋表过去的时间”作状语时，谓语用过去完成时；“by＋表将来的时间”作状语时，谓语用一般将来时或将来完成时。
As science and technology develop quickly, the cellphone has changed our life in a way. With the help of the cellphone, not only can we contact others but also deal with some problems. However, many people become so crazy about cellphones that they play cellphones even when they are walking. As a result, many accidents had arisen by the time a law was worked out.
集训新思路
四 维 夯 基
本部分练习中加黑体词语是必修2 Unit 2的词汇复现，如有遗忘，请及时回顾。
Ⅰ.在空白处填入1个适当的单词或所给单词的正确形式——热考用法
1．It was only later in life that the athlete found (happy) and peace of mind.
答案与解析 happiness 设空在句中作宾语，应填名词。happiness“快乐”，是不可数名词。
2．As a lawyer, she must be able to argue (logic)．
答案与解析 logically 设空在句中作状语修饰动词argue，应用副词，故填logically。
3．Students are encouraged to consider the way language changes time.
答案与解析 over over time“经过一段时间”，over“在……期间”。over breakfast/a cup of coffee“早餐时/喝咖啡时”。
4．There were so many different (type) of bread that the volunteer didn't know which to buy.
答案与解析 types 设空前是many different，故可数名词type应用复数形式。
5．The responsible woman (signal) to the cars behind but they didn't notice.
答案与解析 signaled/signalled 设空所填谓语与didn't
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notice时态一致，应用一般过去时，故填过去式signaled/signalled。
6．I don't know why you are so concerned—it isn't your problem all.
答案与解析 after after all“毕竟；终究”。
7．Jim was highly (intelligence), so he was chosen to be in charge of the project.
答案与解析 intelligent 设空在句中作表语，应用形容词，故填intelligent。
8． technology develops, we can have access to the information swiftly.
答案与解析 As as表“随着……”，引导时间状语从句。
9．The two friends have a lot common, so they are willing to see each other regularly.
答案与解析 in have a lot in common“有很多共同点”。
10．David had a car accident a year ago and has suffered from back pain from then .
答案与解析 on from then on“从那时起”。
Ⅱ.用括号内动词的正确形式填空——不规则变化
1．The application forms (simplify) over the past few days.
答案与解析 have been simplified 句中时间状语是over the past few days，故谓语动词用现在完成时；主语The application forms与simplify是被动关系，故用现在完成时的被动语态，故填have been simplified。simplify(简化)—simplified —simplified—simplifying。
2．The competitor quickly (sum) up the situation and took control.
答案与解析 summed 设空所填谓语与took时态一致，应用一般过去时。sum up“估算；判断”。sum(总结；概括；归纳)—summed—summed—summing。
3．Those in charge of the company began discussing matters (arise) from the last meeting.
答案与解析 arising matters与arise是逻辑上的主谓关系，故应用现在分词作后置定语，arise“出现”，无被动语态。
4．Many problems (arise) ever since the host was replaced.
答案与解析 have arisen even since引导时间状语从句，主句谓语用现在完成时。arise“发生；出现”，是不及物动词，没有被动语态，故填have arisen。arise(发生；出现)—arose—arisen—arising。
5．He washed his clothes, (mop) the bathroom floor, and cleaned the fish tank out.
答案与解析 mopped 所填词在句中作谓语，与句中已有谓语washed、cleaned时态一致，应用一般过去时，故填过去式mopped。mop(擦)—mopped—mopped—mopping。
6．The coach was glad that the athlete (deal) with the situation in time.
答案与解析 had dealt 从句谓语动词所表示的动作发生于主句谓语动词was之前，表“过去的过去”，应用过去完成时，故填had dealt。deal(处理)—dealt—dealt—dealing。
Ⅲ.改正下列句子中的唯一错误——易错混用
1．Those taking part in the activity are pleased to see the problem solve so quickly.
答案与解析 solve→solved solve与the problem是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词作宾补。
2．It won't be long before we will admitted to the club.
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答案与解析 will→are before引导时间状语从句，如主句用一般将来时，则从句谓语用一般现在时。
3．He deserved praising for his perfect solution of the problem.
答案与解析 of→to solution to ...“……的解决办法”。
4．I managed to find the destination under the help of a volunteer.
答案与解析 under→with with the help of ...“在……帮助下”。
5．What I'd like to share you today is my source of strength.
答案与解析 share后加with share with sb.“与某人分享”。
6．Pahlsson screamed such loudly that her daughter came running from the house.
答案与解析 such→so 该句是so ... that ...“如此……以至于……”句式，副词so修饰loudly，故such改为so。
7．The footballer scored three goal and his team finally won the competition.
答案与解析 goal→goals 根据goal前面的数词three可知，goal应用复数形式。
8．Only by this way can we join in the activity regularly.
答案与解析 by→in in this way“用这种方法”。
9．The farmers use specially trained dogs to watch their sheep at night.
答案与解析 watch后加over watch over“看守”。
10．The girl typed with the report carefully and swiftly.
答案与解析 去掉with type“打字”，是及物动词，后面直接接宾语，故介词with多余。
Ⅳ.根据语境选出画线部分的正确含义——熟词生义
A. added up B. applied C. discussed
1．At the end of the game totaled up everyone's score to see who had won. A
2．This is a theme explored by the author in his latest novels. C
小题补练
Ⅰ.语法填空
I work as a high school teacher, teaching computer science, which is 1. (universal) acknowledged to be the most interesting subject of all. I'm so interested in electronic machines 2. I often keep myself informed of all the latest electronic products and their amazing functions. As 3. result, all my students like to discuss with me.
As for my teaching, I make sure my students know how to download and deal with information. Of course, I not only instruct my students to think logically about the information to choose, 4. also warn them not to give away their 5. (person) information when they surf on the Internet. 6. reality, a problem sometimes will arise if some information with a certain virus 7. (download). I help my students become aware of how to avoid the 8. (appear) of a virus.
I love and am really devoted to 9. (teach) my students, because I'm delighted to see that their ability 10. (use) the computer improves with my help.
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答案与解析
1．universally 考查词性转换。设空在句中作状语修饰谓语动词acknowledged，应用副词，故填universally。
2．that 考查状语从句。根据该句中的so interested和语境可知该处是so ... that ...结构，故填that。
3．a 考查固定短语。as a result “因此”，是固定短语。
4．but 考查连词。not only ... but (also) ...“不但……而且……”。
5．personal 考查词性转换。设空后是名词information，应用形容词作定语修饰，故填personal。
6．In 考查介词短语。in reality“事实上；实际上”。
7．is downloaded 考查时态语态。主句谓语动词用的是一般将来时，故if引导的从句谓语动词用一般现在时；主语与download 是被动关系，故用一般现在时的被动语态，填is downloaded。
8．appearance 考查词性转换。设空前是定冠词the，故设空应填名词。the appearance of ... “……的出现”。
9．teaching 考查非谓语动词。be devoted to doing sth. “投入做某事”。
10．to use 考查非谓语动词。名词ability, chance, opportunity经常用不定式做后置定语。
Ⅱ.短文改错
Dear Vince，
You remember what a quiet, pretty place Brinmouth used to being? Well, it has complete changed so far.
The inn has replaced by a new hotel. The station has been closing. The port was being used as a park for tourist buses these days. The amusement center has been built in the park. Child like playing video games in the amusement center. No one is built sandcastles anymore at present. The sea was being polluted with industrial waste three years ago. No one has caught fish ever since then.
Don't you think it's sad? Looking forward to hear from you soon.
Yours，
Thomas
答案与解析
Dear Vince，
You remember what a quiet, pretty place Brinmouth used to ？ Well, it has changed so far.
The inn has replaced by a new hotel. The station has been . The port being used as a park for tourist buses these days. amusement center has been built in the park. like playing video games in the amusement center. No one is sandcastles anymore at present. The sea was polluted with industrial waste three years ago. No one has caught fish ever since then.
Don't you think it's sad? Looking forward to
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from you soon.
Yours，
Thomas
①being→be used to be“过去曾经是”。
②complete→completely 在句中作状语修饰谓语has changed，应用副词，故complete改为completely。
③replaced前加been 主语The inn与replace是被动关系，故用被动语态。
④closing→closed 主语The station与close是被动关系，故用被动语态。
⑤was→is 句中时间状语是these days，故谓语用现在进行时，故was改为is。
⑥The→An amusement center在文中第一次出现，应用不定冠词，表泛指；amusement是元音音素开始的单词，故前面用不定冠词An。
⑦Child→Children 根据本句谓语like可知主语应用复数名词，故Child改为Children。
⑧built→building 主语No one与build是主动关系，故用主动语态，句中时间状语是at present，故用现在进行时，故built改为building。
⑨去掉being 句中时间状语是three years ago，故谓语用一般过去时；主语The sea与pollute是被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态，故去掉been。
⑩hear→hearing look forward to doing sth.“盼望做某事”。
写 作 提 能
用本单元词汇、句式和语法知识写满分作文
某英文报社正在举办主题为“畅想未来”的科技创意征文大赛。请你以“ in the Future”为题写一篇英文短文，从功能、用途两个方面描述日常生活中某件物品的未来。
(一)根据提示利用本单元所学知识补全短文(无提示处请填写适当的过渡词汇：in addition、anyhow、in a way)
Home Robots in the Future
❶With the rapid development of science and technology, ①new types of home robots will arise/appear (新型的家庭机器人将会出现). I think ❷home robots will be developed so perfectly ②that they will be able to deal with all kinds of problems(它们能解决各种问题)．
③In a way, ④many new applications will be found for them (他们将会有更多新的用途). ⑤Not only will they be able to deal with all kinds of housework (他们将不仅能处理各种家务活), such as watching over babies, but they will also be able to communicate in any language. ⑥In addition, they will be intelligent enough to understand how we feel, so they will be able to tell some funny stories to make us laugh if we are sad.
⑦Anyhow, home robots in the future will ⑧play an important part in our life (在我们的生活中起着很重要的作用)．
(二)按要求升级词汇和句式
1．用本单元所学词汇升级加波浪线词汇
(1)I think→Personally
(2)so→as a result
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2．按要求升级句式
(1)利用as引导的状语从句升级句❶
As science and technology develop rapidly, new types of home robots will arise/appear.
(2)利用倒装句升级句❷
so perfectly will home robots be developed that they will be able to deal with all kinds of problems
Unit 4 Wildlife protection
基础巧回顾
见学生用书P045
单词巧练
写准并记牢
高考与教材
重点单词
1.inspect vt.检查；视察→inspection n．[C，U]检查
2.certain adj.确定的；某一；一定→(反义词)uncertain adj.不确定的→certainty n．[U]确定
3.hunt vt.& vi.打猎；猎取；搜寻→hunter n．[C]猎人
4.decrease vi.& vt.减少；(使)变小或变少→(反义词)increase vi.& vt.增加→increasingly ad v.渐增地
5.appreciate vt.鉴赏；感激→(熟词生义)意识到→appreciation n．[U]感激；感谢
6.contain vt.包含；容纳；容忍→container n．[C]容器
7.affect vt.影响；感动；侵袭→affection n．喜爱；感情→effect n．[C，U]影响；效果；作用
8.succeed vi.成功 vt.接替；继任→success n．[C，U]成功→successful adj.成功的→successfully ad v.成功地
9.employ vt.雇用；利用(时间、精力等)→employer n．[C]雇主→employee n．[C]雇员；雇工→employment n．雇用；使用；就业→(反义词)unemployment n．[U]失业；失业率
10.respond vi.回答；响应；做出反应→response
Ⅰ.高考与单句填空
1.(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)I'm certain (certainty) that you will like it once you visit the paper－cutting exhibition.
2.(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)We walked a long distance (distant) to take the shower and use the bathroom.
3.(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)Minutes after the last movie ended yesterday at the Plaza Theater, employees (employ) were busy sweeping up popcorns and gathering coke cups.
4.(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success (succeed) and within six months, more than 25,000 people were using it every day.
5.(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)I know you take good pictures and you've always wanted to do something for environmental protection (protect)．
6.(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)It's a relief
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n．[C，U]回答；反应
11.distant adj.远的；远处的→distance n．[C，U]距离；远方
12.relief n．[U] (痛苦或忧虑的)减轻或解除；减轻痛苦的事物→relieve vt.使减轻；缓解
13.harm n．[U]& vt.损害；危害→harmful adj.有害的→(反义词)harmless adj.无害的
14.protection n．[U]保护→protect vt.保护→protective adj.保护的；给予保护的
15.mercy n．[U]仁慈；宽恕；怜悯→merciful adj.仁慈的；怜悯的→mercifully ad v.仁慈地；怜悯地
16.importance n．[U]重要性→important adj.重要的
阅读单词
17.reserve n．保护区 18.incident n．事件；事变
19.secure adj.安全的；可靠的
20.wild adj.野生的；野的；未开发的；荒凉的
(relieve) from daily stress rather than another thing to worry about.
Ⅱ.教材与单句改错(每题最多2处错误)
1.“Where do you want to go？”it asked. Daisy respond immediately, “I'd like to see some endangered animals.”
respond→responded
2.If their habitat is threatened or they cannot find enough food, their numbers may decreased.decreased→decrease
3.You should pay more attentions to the rainforest where I live and appreciate for how the animals live together.attentions→attention; 去掉for
4.We used to be endangered animals. Farmers hunted us without a mercy.去掉a
短语巧练
写准并记牢
高考与教材
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1.die out 灭亡；逐渐消失
2.in peace 和平地；和睦地；安详地
3.in danger (of) 在危险中；垂危
4.in relief 如释重负；松了口气
5.burst into laughter 突然笑起来；大声笑了出来
6.protect ... from ... 保护……不受……(危害)
7.pay attention to 注意
8.come into being 形成；产生
9.according to 按照；根据……所说
10.so that 以至于；结果；为了
11.without mercy 毫不怜悯地
12.do harm to ... 对……有害
Ⅰ.高考与单句填空
1.(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)Scientists find from their studies that plants can protect themselves from insects.
2.(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)We can set out early so that we'll have more time to read and select books.
3.(2014·全国卷Ⅰ)In fact, half of the 6,000～7,000 languages spoken around the world today will likely die out by the next century.
Ⅱ.教材与单句改错(每题最多2处错误)
1.What should be done to punish people who do harm for the animals？for→to
2.They lived on the earth tens of millions of years ago, long before humans came to being.to→into
句式仿写
原句背诵
我会仿写
1.as引导方式状语从句，意为“像……那样；按照”
I'd like to help as the WWF suggests.
我想按照世界野生生物基金会的建议来帮助你们。
1.按照我说的去做，你的梦想将很快实现。
Do as I say, and your dream will come true soon.
2.There be (no)．..left to do sth./for sth./for doing sth.“为做某事/为某事留下/没留下……”
This is the only home of the red Colobus monkey but there are very few left.
这里是红髯猴唯一的家园，但是现在所剩无几了。
2.我们已经没有时间来仔细考虑了。
There has been no time left for us to think it over.
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3.the way作先行词并引导定语从句
They learned this from the way the bones were joined together.
他们是根据(恐龙)骨骼的连接方式了解到这一点的。
3.使我吃惊的是他和其他人打交道的方式。
What surprised me is the way (that/in which) he deals with others.
重点全突破
Part 1 重点单词
1.contain vt. (contained, contained, containing) 包含；容纳；克制；抑制(强烈的感情等)
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①The container contains many kinds of fruits, including a pineapple/a pineapple included. (用contain/include的适当形式填空)
②At the sad news, he was too sad to contain him.him→himself
③We should respect the old and love the young, included our parents and teachers.included→including
(2)单句写作
这个体育馆大得足够容纳十万观众。
④The stadium is large enough to contain 100 thousand audience.
后记牢
(1)contain ... (全部)包含/容纳……
contain oneself 克制自己
(2)include＋n./pron./doing 包括……
including＋被包括的一部分＝被包括的一部分＋included 包括……
◆佳句At the good news, my father could hardly contain his pride in me.听到这个好消息，父亲无法抑制以我为傲的心情。
2.affect vt. (affected, affected, affecting) 影响；感动；(疾病)侵袭
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①With the government's aid, those affected (affect) by the earthquake have moved for the new settlements.
②Affecting by cold, he continued his work.Affecting→Affected
(2)句式升级(用分词作状语升级句式)
The audience was deeply affected by the film, and they couldn't hold back tears.
→③Deeply affected by the film, the audience couldn't hold back tears.
后记牢
(1)be deeply/greatly affected by... 被……深深打动
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be affected by heat/cold 中暑/着凉
be affected with high fever 发高烧
(2) have an effect on ... 对……有影响
◆佳句I feel much affection for my mum, whose words and actions have a positive effect on me.我深爱我的妈妈，她的言行对我有积极的影响。
3.appreciate vt. (appreciated, appreciated, appreciating) 感激；重视；欣赏；意识到
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①I've successfully organized several English activities, which has been appreciated (appreciate) by my teachers and classmates.
②I appreciate being given (give) the opportunity to join in the activity.
③I'd like to express my appreciations to you if you could give me such an opportunity to show my talent.appreciations→appreciation
(2)单句写作
(2017·全国卷Ⅱ满分作文)如果你能接受我的邀请我将不胜感激。
④I would appreciate it if you could accept my invitation.
后记牢
(1)appreciate＋n./pron./v.－ing 重视/感激……
appreciate＋that/wh－从句 理解/意识到……
I would appreciate it if ... 假如……，我将
不胜感激
(2)convey/express one's appreciation
表达感激
◆佳句I would really appreciate it if you could appreciate the attractive view with us.
如果你能和我们一起欣赏美景我将不胜感激。
4.succeed (succeeded, succeeded, succeeding) vi.成功；继承 vt.接替；继任
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①After succeeding to his father's company as president, he successfully made the company more successful. (succeed)
②I wish the speech competition great success.great前加a
(2)一句多译
我从未想过你会成功地劝说他改变主意。
③It never hit me that you were successful in persuading him to change his mind.(successful)
④It never hit me that you succeeded in persuading him to change his mind.(succeed)
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⑤It never hit me that you successfully persuaded him to change his mind.(successfully)
后记牢
(1)succeed in (doing) sth. 成功地做某事
succeed to sth. 接替某事
succeed sb. as ... 接替某人成为……
(2)be successful in (doing) sth.成功地做某事
(3)success n．[U]成功；[C]成功的人或物
◆佳句To succeed in life, one first needs to set a goal and then gradually make it more practical.
要想在生活中成功，首先必须设定目标，然后逐渐让它变得可行。
5.employ vt. (employed, employed, employing) 雇用；利用(时间、精力等)
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①For the past three years, he has been employed (employ) as a firefighter.
②The employer (employ) employed Tom to work (work) for her.
③She was employing in writing, so she noticed nothing.employing→employed
(2)句式升级(按要求用高级句式升级练习③的正确句子)
→④Employed in writing, she noticed nothing.(过去分词作状语)
→⑤Employing herself in writing, she noticed nothing.(现在分词作状语)
后记牢
employ sth. 使用/利用某物
employ sb. as ... 雇用某人任……
employ sb. to do sth. 雇用某人做某事
employ oneself in (doing) sth.＝be employed in (doing) sth. 忙于做某事
◆佳句 If I'm lucky enough to be employed, I will spare no efforts to repay you for your trust.
如果我有幸被雇用，我将不遗余力地报答您对我的信任。
As is known, human activities contain many bad behaviours that affect the environment greatly. As a result, some animals have died out while others are in danger. Fortunately, our government has appreciated the situation and has employed a series of measures to protect wild animals from extinction. We will succeed in preventing the situation from getting worse.
Part 2 短语与句型
1．die out (物种)灭亡；(风俗)逐渐消失
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①With the living environment becoming worse and worse, many of the earth's species are dying out.
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②Although the wind has died down, the rain remains steady, so you still need a raincoat.
③ She died of peacefully in her sleep at the age of 98.去掉of
(2)词汇升级(用高级词汇升级黑体词汇)
④I want to see you if it is convenient to you.am dying
后记牢
(1)die away (声音、光线等)逐渐消失
die of/from ... 因……而死
die off 相继死去
die down (风)减弱；(声音)降低
(2)be dying for sth. 很想要某物
be dying to do sth. 极想做某事
◆佳句London was such a new world to me that I was dying to explore it.
伦敦对我而言如此陌生，我极想探索它。
2.protect ... from ... 保护……不受……(危害)
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①Efforts should be made to prevent the virus from spreading (spread)．
② We sincerely hope they can play a key role in protecting the endangered species being harmed.species后加from
(2)一句多译
必须采取有效措施保护环境免受污染。
③Effective measures must be taken to protect the environment from/against pollution. (protect)
④Effective measures must be taken to prevent/keep/stop the environment from being polluted. (prevent/keep/stop)
后记牢
(1)protect ... against/from 保护……以防……
(2) 阻止……做
以上短语在被动语态里from均不可省略；而在主动语态中，与stop/prevent搭配的from可以省略。
◆佳句As a matter of fact, physical exercise can protect you against heart disease.
事实上，体育锻炼可以预防心脏病。
3.It shows the importance of wildlife protection, but I'd like to help as the WWF suggests.这体现了野生动植物保护的重要性，不过，我还是想按照世界野生生物基金会的建议来帮助你们。
句型公式 as在句中引导方式状语从句，意为“按照；如同”
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
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①As we get older, our eyesight becomes worse.
②As the old saying goes, “When in Rome, do as the Romans do.”
③Tired as they were, but they stayed up preparing for the exams.去掉but
④As he wasn't ready in time, so we went without him.去掉so
(2)句式升级(用倒装句式升级)
(2016·北京卷满分作文)Although we are tired, we are proud of ourselves and believe we can do more for a better world.
→⑤Tired as/though we are, we are proud of ourselves and believe we can do more for a better world.
后记牢
(1)as“如同；按照”，引导方式状语从句。
(2)as“当……时候；一边……一边；随着”，引导时间状语从句。
(3)as“因为”，引导原因状语从句。
(4)as“尽管”，引导让步状语从句，用于“形容词/副词/名词/动词原形＋as＋主语＋谓语”结构中。
(5)as引导非限制性定语从句，指代主句的全部内容，意为“正如”。
◆佳句(朗文词典)We'd better leave things as they are until the police come.
在警察到来之前，我们最好保持现场原样。4.They learned this from the way the bones were joined together.他们是根据(恐龙)骨骼的连接方式了解到这一点的。
句型公式 主句＋the way＋定语从句
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)There are several ways to handle (handle) things.
②I will tell you the way that you can study English well, because I know the way that/which you have accepted is not the best.
③This is the only way we can think of to solve (solve) the problem.
④The way in which came up at the meeting was unpractical.去掉in
(2)单句写作
经常与同学们交换意见是提高你的学习的有效方法。
⑤Comparing notes with your classmates frequently is a good way to improve/of improving your study.
后记牢
(1) way表“方式；方法”，在定语从句中作先行词时，定语从句中缺少方式状语其后用in which/that引导定语从句，也可省略关系词，此时关系词在从句中作状语。
(2)way后接定语从句时，如关系词在从句中作主语或宾语则用关系代词that/which，关系代词在从句中作宾语时可省略。
(3)the way to do sth./of doing sth.
做某事的方法/方式
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have a long way to go 有很长一段路要走
◆佳句 The best way to strengthen willpower is to make it into a habit.增强意志力的最好的办法是让它成为一种习惯。
With the development of society, many traditional customs have died out. As the government suggests, measures have been taken to preserve those traditional cultures and customs. We all appreciate the way that the ancient town protects its traditional cultures and customs from being abandoned.
集训新思路
四 维 夯 基
本部分练习中加黑体词语是必修2 Unit 3的词汇复现，如有遗忘，请及时回顾。
Ⅰ.在空白处填入1个适当的单词或所给单词的正确形式——热考用法
1．In total, about 540 million people (affect) by second－hand smoke per year.
答案与解析 are affected 根据句中时间状语per year可知，谓语动词用一般现在时；主语people与affect是被动关系，故用一般现在时的被动语态。
2．The picture quality is bad because the TV signal isn't (power) enough.
答案与解析 powerful 设空在句中作表语，应用形容词，故填powerful。
3．By 1881, the population of the island (decrease) from 5,000 to 3,500.
答案与解析 had decreased 句中时间状语是By 1881，故谓语用过去完成时。
4．I looked in the operator's face for some (respond), but she just stared at me blankly.
答案与解析 response 设空前是some，故该空填名词response。
5．I received a letter (contain) some simplified information about the project.
答案与解析 containing 设空在句中作定语修饰名词letter，a letter与contain是逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词作定语。
6．Children usually prefer books with a happy (end)．
答案与解析 ending 设空前是形容词happy，故该空填名词ending。
7．According the report, scientists have many theories about how the universe came being.
答案与解析 to; into according to “根据”；come into being “形成”。
8．I'm at a (lose) how to deal with the challenging problem.
答案与解析 loss be at a loss “不知所措”。
9．It's a pity that there is little water (leave) for them to drink.
答案与解析 left leave与water是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词作定语。
10．From then on, these factories (inspect) by government officials.
答案与解析 were inspected 根据句中时间状语From then on可知，谓语动词用一般过去时；主语these factories 与inspect是被动关系，故用一般过去时的被动语态。
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Ⅱ.用括号内动词的正确形式填空——不规则变化
1．As a result of too much hunting, there are some animals (die) out and others in danger.
答案与解析 dying 此处是－ing形式作定语修饰名词animals，故填dying。
2．We were playing in the park when the coach (bite) by a fierce dog.
答案与解析 was bitten 此处是be doing sth. when ...“正在做某事这时……”，从句用一般过去时；主语the coach与bite是被动关系，故用被动语态，故填was bitten。bite(咬)—bit—bitten—biting。
3．The cat (rub) itself against my legs when I watched TV with my niece.
答案与解析 rubbed 设空所填谓语与从句谓语动词watched时态一致，应用一般过去时，故填rubbed。rub(擦；摩擦)—rubbed—rubbed—rubbing。
4．In a way, your spoken English is good, but more attention should (pay) to your written English.
答案与解析 be paid attention与pay是被动关系，故用被动语态。设空前已有情态动词should，故填be paid。pay attention to“注意”。pay(支付；给予注意)—paid—paid—paying。
5．One day she (wake) up and found a flying carpet by her bed.
答案与解析 woke 设空在句中作谓语，且与found时态一致，应用一般过去时，故填woke。wake up“醒来”。wake(醒；弄醒)—woke—waken—waking。
Ⅲ.改正下列句子中的唯一错误——易错混用
1．Without your help, we wouldn't have succeeded solving the problem.
答案与解析 succeeded后加in succeed是不及物动词，不能直接接宾语。succeed in doing sth. “成功地做了某事”。
2．Dusty lay thick on the floor, so he mopped it with a cloth.
答案与解析 Dusty→Dust dust“尘土”是名词，在句中作主语。dusty“有灰尘的”是形容词。
3．What relief it was to know that the missing boy arose, safe and sound！
答案与解析 relief前加a relief作“令人宽慰的事情”讲时，其前应加不定冠词a。what a relief it is to do sth. “做某事是令人宽慰的事情”。
4．Before the result was announced, his heart beat wild.
答案与解析 wild→wildly 在句中作状语修饰谓语动词beat，应用副词，故wild改为wildly。wildly“剧烈地”。
5．Personally, we should attach important to the protection of some endangered animals.
答案与解析 important→importance 短语attach importance to“重视；认为有重要性”，故important改为importance。
6．I had intended to attend the meeting but I had an unexpecting visitor.
答案与解析 unexpecting→unexpected unexpected“没料到的；意外的”。
7．She is so kind－hearted a woman that she often shows mercy for people who are in need.
答案与解析 for→to show mercy to sb. “对某人仁慈”。
8．Personally, I think she is longing go home and see her family again.
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答案与解析 longing后加to long to do sth. “渴望做某事”。
9．In reality, elephants used to be hunting for their ivory.
答案与解析 hunting→hunted 主语elephants与hunt for是被动关系，故用被动语态。
10．With the help of your teacher, I sincerely hope you can live in the peace with your roommates.
答案与解析 去掉第二个the in peace “和平地”。
Ⅳ.根据语境选出画线部分的正确含义——熟词生义
A. indifferent B. used C. are aware of D. crazy
1．I don't think you appreciate the difficulties his absence will cause. C
2．The crowd went wild the moment the star stepped onto the stage. D
3．After the fierce quarrel, the explorer remained cold and distant. A
4．The report examines some teaching methods which are employed in the classroom. B
小题补练
短文改错
Wendy was a famous photographer and always photographed wildly animals in their natural habitat. One day she driven her car into the local game reserve as usual to hunt some animals to photograph. After a while, she saw some zebra with black and white lines going beneath their stomach. Suddenly the zebra looked up or moved away as quickly as they could. Wendy looked around and saw the powerful lion in the grass. Appreciated the danger, she sounded her horn loudly until the lion turned and walked away. Wendy waited for several minutes to make sure the lion was not coming back. Then she smiled with relief. But soon the smile was disappeared because she realized that in protect the zebra from the lion she had lost the chance of taking some amazing photos.
答案与解析
Wendy was a famous photographer and always photographed animals in their natural habitat. One day she her car into the local game reserve as usual to hunt some animals to photograph. After a while, she saw some zebra with black and white lines going beneath their Suddenly the zebra looked up moved away as quickly as they could. Wendy looked around and saw powerful lion in the grass. the danger, she sounded her horn loudly until the lion turned and walked away. Wendy waited for several minutes to make sure the lion was not coming back. Then she smiled relief. But soon the smile disappeared because she realized that in the zebra from the lion she had lost the chance of taking some amazing photos.
①wildly→wildly 在句中作定语修饰名词animals应用形容词，故wildly改为wild。
②driven→drove 根据短文语境可知该处应用一般过去时，drive“驾驶”的过去式是drove,
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故driven改为drove。drive(驾驶)—drove—driven—driving。
③hunt后加for hunt for “寻找”，是固定短语。
④stomach→stomachs 根据限定词their可知可数名词stomach应用复数形式。
⑤or→and looked up 与moved away是顺承而非选择关系，故or改为and。
⑥the→a lion在本句中第一次出现，应用不定冠词，故the改为a。
⑦Appreciated→Appreciating she与appreciate是逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词作状语。appreciate在本句中是其熟词生义的用法，意为“意识到”。
⑧with→in in relief “如释重负”。
⑨去掉was disappear“消失”，是不及物动词，没有被动语态，故去掉was。
⑩protect→protecting 介词in后应接动名词作宾语，故protect改为protecting。
写 作 提 能
用本单元词汇、句式和语法知识写满分作文
调查研究证明，中国长江江豚 (Finless Porpoises)受人类活动影响濒临灭绝，目前仅剩大约1 000只。假设你是李华，请用英文给WWF写一封信，请他们关注这个现象并提供帮助。内容包括：
①说明写信目的；②简述江豚现状；③希望WWF如何帮助。
(一)根据提示利用本单元所学知识补全短文(无提示处请填写适当的过渡词汇：besides、first of all、most importantly)
Dear Sir or Madam，
I'm a student from Chongqing, China. I'm writing to ①ask you to pay attention to the situation of Finless Porpoises(请您注意江豚的情况)．
❶Finless Porpoises in the Yangtze River ②are seriously affected by human activities (受到人类活动的严重影响), so ③they are in danger of dying out (它们面临灭绝的危险). To our disappointment, ④there are only about 1,000 Finless Porpoises left (大约仅剩下1 000只江豚) at present.
We sincerely hope that WWF can play a part in ⑤protecting this endangered species (保护这种濒危物种). ⑥First of all, a sponsorship will be of great help. But ⑦most importantly, we need information from experts in WWF to help us better understand the animal, so that we can take better care of them. ⑧Besides，⑨more workers should be employed to help us (应该雇用更多的工人帮助我们，利用被动语态). ❷Though the task is challenging, we are certain that ⑩we will succeed (我们会取得成功) in time.
⑪I would appreciate it if you take our request into consideration (如果你考虑我们的
请求我将非常感激) and I'm looking forward to your reply.
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
(二)按要求升级句式
(1)利用分词作状语升级句❶
Seriously affected by human activities, Finless Porpoises in the Yangtze River are in danger of dying
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out.
(2)利用倒装句和主语从句升级句❷
Challenging as/though the task is, it is certain that we will succeed in time.
Unit 5 Music
基础巧回顾
见学生用书P051
单词巧练
写准并记牢
高考与教材
重点单词
1.attach vt.& vi. 系上；缚上；附加；连接
2.pretend vt.假装；假扮
3.form vt. (使)组成；形成；构成
4.familiar adj.熟悉的；常见的；亲近的
5.earn vt.赚；挣得；获取
6.broadcast n．& vi.& vt.广播；播放→broadcast/broadcast(过去式/过去分词)
7.musician n．[C]音乐家→music n．[U]音乐→musical adj.音乐的
8.invitation n．[C，U]邀请；招待→invite vt.邀请
9.passer－by n．[C]过路人；行人→passers－by (pl.)
10.perform vt.& vi.表演；履行；执行→performance n．[C，U]表演；演奏→performer n．[C]表演者
11.rely vi.依赖；依靠→reliable adj.可靠的；可信赖的→reliably ad v.可靠地；可信赖地
12.humorous adj.幽默的；诙谐的→humour n．[U]幽默
13.attractive adj.吸引人的；有吸引力的→attract vt.吸引→attraction n．[U]吸引；吸引力；[C]吸引人的事物
14.confident adj.自信的；确信的→confidently ad v.自信地；确信地→confidence n．自信；信任
15.brief adj.简短的；简要的 n．
Ⅰ.高考与单句填空
1.(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)Some of the world's most famous musicians (musician) recently gathered in Paris and New Orleans to celebrate the first annual International Jazz Day.
2.(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)This often results in people losing confidence (confident) in their driving skills.
3.(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)I watched as the ASL Club performed (perform) their translation of a song.
4.(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)So it was a great honour to be invited (invite) backstage at the not－for－profit Panda Base, where ticket money helps pay for research.
5.(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)I have attached my application and resume to the letter.
6.(2014·全国卷Ⅰ)These Chinese knots look really attractive (attract) in the shape of a diamond.
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[C]摘要；大纲→briefly ad v.简要地；短暂地
16.devotion n．[U]投入；热爱→devote vt.投入；热爱→devoted adj.献身的；忠诚的
阅读单词
17.afterwards ad v.然后；后来
18.sensitive adj.敏感的；易受伤害的；灵敏的
19.instrument n．工具；器械；乐器
20.folk adj.民间的
Ⅱ.教材与单句改错(每题最多2处错误)
1.To be honesty, a lot of people attach great importance to become rich and famous.
honesty→honest; become→becoming
2.Sometimes they may play to passer－by in the street or subway so that they can earn with some extra money.passer－by→passers－by; 去掉with
3.Anyhow their performances were humour enough to be copied by other groups.humour→humorous
4.They were so popular that their fans formed clubs in order to get more familiar to them.第二个to→with
5.Many musicians meet and form a band because they like to write and play their own musics.musics→music
短语巧练
写准并记牢
高考与教材
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1.dream of/dream about 梦见；梦想；设想
2.to be honest 说实在地；实话说
3.attach ... to 认为有(重要性、意义)；附上；连接
4.in cash 用现金；有现钱
5.play jokes on 戏弄
6.rely on 依赖；依靠
7.be/get familiar with 熟悉；与……熟悉起来
8.or so 大约
9.break up 打碎；分裂；解体
10.in addition 另外；也
11.sort out 分类
12.above all 最重要；首先
Ⅰ.高考与单句填空
1.(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)Our café offers a complete menu of lunch and snack options, in addition to seasonal specials.
2.(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)After five years or so, I'd like to start my own business.
Ⅱ.教材与单句改错(每题最多2处错误)
1.As some of these actors could not sing well enough, they had to rely other musicians to help them.rely后加on
2.The band broken up about 1970, but happily they reunited in the mid－1980s.broken→broke
3.The musicians were to play jokes with each other as well as play music.
with→on
4.They may give performances in pubs or clubs, for which they are paid by cash.by→in
句式仿写
原句背诵
我会仿写
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1.most of which ...是“名词/代词＋介词＋关系代词”结构引导的定语从句
The musicians were to play jokes on each other as well as play music, most of which was based loosely on the Beatles.
组成乐队的音乐人演奏音乐，还彼此打趣逗笑。这些玩笑和音乐大多都在模仿“甲壳虫”乐队。
1.这些宝藏已送往大英博物馆，其中有一些是失而复得的。
The treasure, some of which has been recovered, has been sent to the British Museum.
2.as if/though “似乎；好像”，引导方式状语从句，从句常用虚拟语气
Their personal life was regularly discussed by people who did not know them but talked as if they were close friends.
一些不认识他们的人也在不断地讨论他们的私生活，而且就像是他们的密友一样在谈论他们。
2.他说这话的时候好像全世界的重量都压在他身上。
He sounds as if he had the weight of the world on him.
3.not ... without ... “没有……就不能……”， 双重否定句式表肯定意义
Freddy and his band could not go out anywhere without being followed.
弗雷迪和他的乐队无论走到哪里都会有人跟随。
3.没有数学知识，研究物理是不可能的。
A serious study of physics is impossible without some knowledge of mathematics.
重点全突破
Part 1 重点单词
1.pretend vt.&vi. (pretended, pretended, pretending) 假装；假扮；扮演
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①I had been lying to myself, pretending (pretend) everything was fine.
②She pretended to be doing (do) her homework when her mother came in.
③(2016·浙江卷)He would ask who we were and pretend not know us.know前加to
(2)一句多译
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她装作不认识我，这确实使我很伤心。
④She pretended she didn't know me, which really made me upset.
⑤She pretended not to know me, which really upset me.
后记牢
pretend to do sth. 假装要做某事
pretend to be doing sth. 假装正在做某事
pretend to have done sth. 假装已做某事
pretend to be＋n./adj. 假装是……
pretend (to sb.) that ... (对某人)假装……
◆提示 类似pretend后接to do/to be doing/to have done的动词还有happen (碰巧)/appear (似乎)/seem (似乎)/claim (声称)等。
2.attach vt. (attached, attached, attaching) 附上；系上；贴上；使依恋
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①(天津卷)My parents always attach great importance to my getting (get) a good education.
②This research center attaching to the university is in the charge of him.attaching→attached
(2)单句写作
很多青少年认为手机要比他们的朋友重要得多。
③Many teenagers attach much more importance to their phones than to their friends.
后记牢
(1)attach ... to ... 把……固定/附在……上
attach great importance/significance to ...
认为……非常重要/很有意义
(2) be attached to 附属于；依恋
◆佳句(牛津词典)I've never seen two people so attached to each other.
我从未见过两个人如此形影不离。3.perform vt.&vi. (performed, performed, performing) 表演；履行；执行
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①(2017·天津卷)In order to have good performance (perform), I have made good preparations for it.
②Performing (perform) an experiment calls for devotion and carefulness.
③He was disappointed that he hadn't been performed well in the 13th National Games.去掉been
(2)单句写作
众所周知，她在我们公司的业绩中发挥着重要的作用。
④As is known to us, she performs an important role in the performance of our company.
后记牢
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(1)perform a(n) ... role in在……中起……作用
perform an operation/an experiment/a task
做手术/做实验/执行任务
perform one's duty/promise 履行职责/承诺
perform well/poorly 表现或运转得好/差
(2)put on/give a performance 表演
◆佳句While waiting for the opportunity to get promoted, Henry did his best to perform his duty.在等待机会被提拔期间，亨利尽力履行好自己的职责。4.form vt. (formed, formed, forming) (使)组成；形成；构成∥n.形状；表格；形式
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①The organization formed (form) in 1946 helps the poor in 38 countries.
②You'd sound a lot more polite if you make a request in form of a question.form前加the
(2)单句写作
自从那时起，我就养成了经常锻炼的习惯，这有助于我身体强壮，并且让我更自信。
③Since then, I have formed the habit of working out regularly, which helps build up my body and me become more confident.
后记牢
(1)form sth. 组成/形成某物
form the habit of doing sth. 养成做某事的习惯
(2)in the form of ... 以……的形式
fill in/out the form 填表格
take the form of ... 采取……的形式；表现为……的形式
◆佳句He was about to give up when a good idea began to form in his mind.
他正要放弃，这时有了一个好主意。
5.familiar adj.熟悉的；常见的；亲近的 (形似词 similar)
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①(人教④)The theme park you are most familiar with is Disneyland.
②After the foreign guests got familiar to the Chinese traditional festivals, they liked to live in China.第一个to→with
(2)单句写作
(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)参观展览有助于你熟悉剪纸艺术。
③Visiting the exhibition will help you get familiar with the art of paper－cutting.
后记牢
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(1)be/get familiar with ... 熟悉……；与……熟悉起来(其主语通常是指人的名词)。
(2)be familiar to ... 为……所熟悉(其主语通常是人们所通晓的事物) 。
◆佳句(北京卷)He was unfamiliar with American history.
他不熟悉美国历史。
If you want to perform well in the exam, you should attach great importance to the following aspects. First of all, it's important to form a good habit of learning. Meanwhile, never pretend to know what you don't know or are not familiar with. Finally, be confident and believe that all your efforts will pay off in time.
Part 2 短语与句型
1．rely on依靠；依赖；指望；相信
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①Those who you can rely on at any time are reliable (rely) friends.
②You may rely on that the work will be finished soon.on后加it
(2)一句多译
你可以相信，你有困难时我会帮助你。(rely)
③You can rely on me to help you when you are in trouble.
④You can rely on it that I can help you when you are in trouble.
⑤You can rely on my helping you when you are in trouble.
后记牢
(1)rely on sb.to do sth. 指望/相信某人会做
某事
rely on (doing) sth. 依赖/信任/指望……
rely on it that ... 相信……；指望……
(2)depend on/count on 依靠；依赖
◆佳句I have no choice but to rely on you for practical advice.我别无选择只得靠你给我提供实用的建议。2.break up打碎；分裂；解体；分拆；分解；驱散；分手；结束；放假
先试做
[一词多义] 写出下列句中黑体部分的含义
①I'm surprised to hear that Sue and Paul have broken up.分手
②They plan to break the company up into several smaller ones.分拆
③Their ship broke up on the rocks.打碎；破碎
④When does the school break up for the summer holidays？放假
⑤The police came running and broke up the crowd.驱散
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后记牢
break down 出故障；失败；垮掉；垮下来；分解
break in 破门而入；打断(谈话等)
break into 强行闯入；突然……起来
break out (战争、火灾等)爆发(无被动)
break away (from) (从……)脱离或挣脱
◆佳句Getting the teenagers together will help to break down the barriers between them.把青少年聚集起来可以帮助他们消除彼此之间的隔阂。3.above all 最重要的是；首先
先试做
(1)短语填空/单句改错
①Many great minds were once considered not intelligent at all. After all, those great people proved great later. To be great, first of all, one must be smart, confident, and, above all, honest and hard－working. All in all, every road leads to Rome. Keep in mind: hard work pays off.(选用右栏短语填空)
②There were at all a hundred people present.at→in
(2)完成句子
最要紧的是，你们一定要保持联系。
③Above all, make sure you keep in touch.
后记牢
after all 毕竟；终究
all in all 整体说来；总而言之
in all 全部；合计
at all (否定句)一点也不；(疑问句)到底；究竟
first of all 第一；首先
◆佳句All in all, her mother and I are very happy with her progress.总而言之，看到她的进步，我和她妈妈都很高兴。
4.The musicians were to play jokes on each other as well as play music, most of which was based loosely on the Beatles. 组成乐队的音乐人演奏音乐，还彼此打趣逗笑。这些玩笑和音乐大多都在模仿“甲壳虫”乐队。
句型公式 先行词＋most of which ＋定语从句
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①(2016·江苏卷)Many young people, most of whom were well－educated, headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.
②English is a language shared by several diverse cultures, each of them uses it differently.them→which或在each前加but
(2)句型转换
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(2016·北京卷)I live next door to a couple whose children often make a lot of noise.
→③I live next door to a couple, the children of whom often make a lot of noise.
后记牢
(1)one/two/several/most/each/all ...＋of which/whom ...
(2)the＋n.＋of which/whom ... (该结构一般可与“whose＋n.”互换)
(3)以上两个句式中只能用关系词which(指物)、whom(指人)；不可用who或that。
◆佳句She's written two novels, both of which sell well.
她写了两本小说，都很畅销。5.Freddy and his band could not go out anywhere without being followed.弗雷迪和他的乐队无论走到哪里都会有人跟随。
句型公式 not ... without ...意为“没有……就不能……”。这是一种双重否定句式，表示肯定意义
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①I couldn't have achieved so much without your generous help.
②You can't be very careful while driving the car.very→too
③Use your head and you will find everything is impossible.everything→nothing
(2)单句写作
你无论怎样重视让孩子接受良好的教育都不为过。
④You can't attach too great importance to your child's receiving a good education.
后记牢
(1) 常见的双重否定结构还有：no/never ... without ...没有/除……不……
(2)用否定形式表示肯定意义的结构有：
cannot ... too ... 无论怎样……也不为过
nothing ... not/no/impossible ... 没……不
◆佳句I realize that being careful is of great importance and that we can't be careful enough, especially in exams.我意识到细心非常重要，尤其在考试时，我们怎样细心都不为过。
I have been dreaming of being admitted into a key university. I rely on my confidence and hard work, both of which help me perform well in almost every exam. Above all, I make use of all my time to study even when our school breaks up. I also owe my success to my teacher's encouragement, without which I couldn't have made such great progress.
集训新思路
四 维 夯 基
本部分练习中加黑体词语是必修2 Unit 4的词汇复现，如有遗忘，请及时回顾。
Ⅰ.在空白处填入1个适当的单词或所给单词的正确形式——热考用法
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1．Many visitors are impressed by the (attract)scenery of the West Lake where people can live in peace.
答案与解析 attractive 设空在句中作定语修饰名词scenery，应用形容词，故填attractive。
2．He (earn) praise for honesty since he was employed to work in the big company.
答案与解析 has earned since引导的时间状语从句谓语动词是一般过去时，故主句用现在完成时。
3．To my relief, they sound (confidence) about the future of the company.
答案与解析 confident 设空前是系动词sound，设空在句中作表语，应用形容词，故填confident。
4．According to the scientists, some plants are so sensitive temperature that they can only survive in cool places.
答案与解析 to be sensitive to ...“对……敏感”。
5．Mary explained (brief) what we could do to protect the animals from being hunted.
答案与解析 briefly 设空在句中作状语修饰谓语动词explained，应用副词，故填briefly。
6．Roger turned down the (invite) to the party so that he could play music to (passer－by) in the street.
答案与解析 invitation; passers－by 第一空前是冠词the，故设空处填名词invitation; 第二空前无表示“一”的限定词，故可数名词passer－by应用复数形式。
7．(2016·浙江卷)That young man is honest, cooperative, always there when you need his help. In short, he's (rely)．
答案与解析 reliable 设空在句中作表语，表“可靠的”，应填reliable。
8．If you want to succeed in your study, all, you must be strict with yourself.
答案与解析 above above all “最重要的是”。
9．His father is a (humour) teacher with rich experience so that every student likes him.
答案与解析 humorous 设空后是名词teacher, 应用形容词作定语修饰，故填humour的形容词形式humorous。
10．It's necessary to sort the materials that are of great importance to our study.
答案与解析 out sort out “分类；整理”。
Ⅱ.用括号内动词的正确形式填空——不规则变化
1．Their marriage (break) up since the incident came about.
答案与解析 has broken since引导时间状语从句，主句谓语动词用现在完成时；break up “破裂”，是不及物动词短语，不能用于被动语态，故填has broken。break(破碎；破裂；坏掉)—broke—broken—breaking。
2．He (dip) his finger into the soup and tasted it.
答案与解析 dipped 设空所填词与句中已有的谓语动词tasted时态一致，应用一般过去时，故填dipped。dip(浸；蘸)—dipped—dipped—dipping。
3．The interview, (broadcast) live across the nation the other day, attracted large numbers of viewers.
答案与解析 broadcast broadcast与The interview是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词作定语。
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broadcast(广播；播送)—broadcast—broadcast—
broadcasting。
4．Last year we (rely) heavily on computers to view the latest films, but now we turn to our cellphones.
答案与解析 relied 根据设空所在句时间状语Last year可知，谓语用一般过去时，故填relied。rely(依赖；依靠)—relied—relied—relying。
5．I (dream) of starting my own business, which certainly inspired me to carry on.
答案与解析 dreamed/dreamt 根据which引导的定语从句的谓语inspired可知，主句谓语用一般过去时。dream(梦见；梦想)—dreamed/dreamt—
dreamed/dreamt—dreaming。
Ⅲ.改正下列句子中的唯一错误——易错混用
1．In addition to, you should pay attention to your performance at school.
答案与解析 去掉第一个to in addition to后应接宾语；in addition “另外”，后面不接宾语。
2．The band came into being in 2006, but it has been broken up since last year.
答案与解析 去掉been break up “解体”，是不及物动词短语，没有被动语态，故去掉been。
3．Her devotion of the job left her with very little free time.
答案与解析 of→to one's devotion to sth. “某人对某事的投入”。
4．Honest speaking, I don't like the powerful leader very much.
答案与解析 Honest→Honestly honestly speaking“说实话”，是固定短语。
5．Many people now would rely the Internet for the latest news.
答案与解析 rely后加on rely on “依赖；依靠”，是固定短语。
6．Since then, he has been formed the habit of telling humorous stories to his parents.
答案与解析 去掉been 主语he与form是主动关系，故用主动语态。
7．We are familiar to the magazine, whose stories often make us burst into laughter.
答案与解析 to→with be familiar with sth. “熟悉某物”； be familiar to sb. “为某人所熟悉”。
8．Hunting for jobs can be a long and painfully process.
答案与解析 painfully→painful 修饰名词process应用形容词作定语。
9．The vase rolling off the edge of the table and was broken.
答案与解析 rolling→rolled 根据and后的谓语was broken 可知，roll应用一般过去时，故rolling改为rolled。
10．The concert features dancers, singers and actor that come from many different countries.
答案与解析 actor→actors 根据句中的dancers, singers可知，actor应用复数形式。
Ⅳ.根据语境选出画线部分的正确含义——熟词生义
A. considerate B. digest C. working
1．According to the inspector, the brief of the government report should be typed carefully. B
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2．The machine is performing very poorly, which means there must be something wrong with it. C
小题补练
语法填空
One day Freddy the frog was given an 1. (invite) to hear another famous frog, Jeremy Green, perform his songs. Freddy felt very excited as he was Jeremy's 2. (devote) friend and was familiar with his performances. He decided to pretend 3. (be) a fan and play a joke on him. He put on a beard, a hat and sunglasses. He felt quite confident that Jeremy would not recognize 4. . The moment the concert came to 5. end, Freddy went to the bank of the lake and waited for Jeremy. As the singer was approaching, Freddy waved, 6. (dip) his legs in the water, slipped on a lily leaf and disappeared. Jeremy looked frightened, and then 7. (throw) off his clothes he jumped into the water at once. They both reappeared 8. Jeremy holding Freddy in his arms.
Afterwards when they were back on dry land Freddy apologized. “It was not a good joke，” he said, “I hit a rock in the water and it was so 9. (pain). Thank you for your rescue, without 10. I would not be alive now”．
答案与解析
1．invitation 考查词性转换。设空前是冠词an，故设空处应填名词。invitation“邀请”。
2．devoted 考查词性转换。设空后是名词friend，应用形容词修饰，故填devoted。devoted friend ...“挚友”。
3．to be 考查非谓语动词。pretend to be“假装是……”。
4．him 考查代词。设空在句中作宾语，指代主语He，故填宾格代词him。
5．an 考查冠词。come to an end“结束”。
6．dipped 考查时态。设空在句中作谓语，与waved, slipped, disappeared是并列谓语，时态应一致，故填dipped。
7．throwing 考查非谓语动词。he与throw是逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词作状语。
8．with 考查介词。此处是“with＋宾语＋宾补”结构，表伴随。
9．painful 考查词性转换。设空在句中作表语，应用形容词，故填painful。
10．which 考查定语从句。非限制性定语从句先行词是your resuce，指物，关系词在从句中作介词without的宾语，应用关系代词which引导定语从句。
写 作 提 能
用本单元词汇、句式和语法知识写满分作文
假设你是李华，你和你的朋友组建乐队后遇到一些问题，请写信向你的朋友Tom 求助。
(一)根据提示利用本单元所学知识补全短文(无提示处请填写适当的过渡词汇：however、therefore)
Dear Tom，
Facing a big trouble that is caused by my devoted fans, I'm writing to ask you for some advice.
❶My friend Susan and I loved Jazz and ①we dreamt of becoming musicians (我们梦想着成为音乐家), so ②we formed a band (我们组建了一个乐队). ③We earned some money (我们赚了一些钱) by playing and singing
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in a pub. The regulars there suggested we record our songs in a studio. We wondered if ④they were playing jokes on us (他们开我们的玩笑). However, to our great surprise, everything was organized and we made our record. You can hardly imagine how excited we were when ⑤we heard our song broadcast on the radio for the first time (我们第一次听见我们的歌在电台播出). Later we became very popular and ⑥our songs are familiar to many fans (我们的歌曲为许多粉丝所熟悉) now.
❷⑦However, our fans have caused problems for us in recent months, but without them we would not have been so famous. ⑧We cannot go anywhere without being followed (我们去哪里都有人跟着). Though I value a quiet and peaceful life, I'm now living a painful life. ⑨Therefore, could you be so kind as to help me?
Yours，
Li Hua
(二)按要求升级词汇和句式
1．用本单元所学词汇升级加波浪线词汇
value→attach great importance to
2．按要求升级句式
(1)利用分词作状语升级句❶
My friend Susan and I loved Jazz and dreaming of becoming musicians, we formed a band.
(2)利用“介词＋关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句升级句❷
However, our fans, without whom we would not have been so famous, have caused problems for us in recent months.
必修3
Unit 1 Festivals around the world
基础巧回顾
见学生用书P057
单词巧练
写准并记牢
高考与教材
重点单词
1.award n．[C]奖；奖品 vt.授予；判定
2.drown vt.& vi. 淹没；溺死；淹死
3.obvious adj.明显的；显而易见的→obviously ad v. 明显地；显而易见地
4.remind vt.提醒；使想起→reminder n．[C]起提醒作用的东西
5.apologize vi.道歉；辩白→apology n．[C]道歉
6.origin n．[C，U]起源；由来；起因→original
Ⅰ.高考与单句填空
1.(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)The government has already permitted the company to use (use) special materials to make it easier for the vehicle to fly.
2.(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)For many older people, driving is important for preserving their independence (independent)．
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adj.原先的；最初的；新颖的 n．[C]原作；原稿→originally ad v.最初地；原先地
7.starve vi.& vt. (使)饿死；饿得要死→starvation n．[U]饿死
8.celebration n．[C，U]庆祝；祝贺→celebrate v.庆祝；祝贺
9.belief n．[U]信任；信心；[C]信仰→believe v.相信；认为；信任
10.independent adj.独立的；自主的→(反义词)dependent adj.依赖的→independence n．[U]独立；自主
11.energetic adj.充满活力的；精力充沛的；积极的→energy n．[C]能量；(常用复数)精力
12.admire vt.赞美；钦佩；羡慕→admiration n．[U]羡慕→admirable adj.令人羡慕的
13.permission n．[U]许可；允许→permit vt.允许 n．[C]许可证；执照
14.forgive vt.原谅；饶恕→forgave/forgiven(过去式/过去分词)→forgiveness n．[U]宽恕；原谅
15.trick n．[C]诡计；恶作剧；窍门 vt.欺骗；诈骗→tricky adj.棘手的；难对付的
阅读单词
16.clothing n．衣服
17.agriculture n．农业；农艺；农学
18.gather vt.& vi.搜集；集合；聚集
19.wipe vt.擦去；擦
3.(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)I owe an apology (apologize) to you because I have failed to accompany you to the bookstore.
4.(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)Confucius believed knives would remind people of killings.
5.(2015·全国卷Ⅱ)The adobe dwellings (土坯房) built by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired (admire) by even the most modern of architects and engineers.
Ⅱ.教材与单句改错(每题最多2处错误)
1.Today's festivals have many origin, some religiously, some seasonal, and some for special people or events.origin→origins; religiously→religious
2.The manager wiped up the tables, then sat down and turned on the T v.去掉up
3.At that time people would starved if food was difficult to find.starved→starve
4.The Western holiday Halloween also had its origin in old belief about the return of the spirits of dead people.belief→beliefs
5.The most energy and important festivals are the ones that look forward to the end of winter and to the coming of spring.energy→energetic
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短语巧练
写准并记牢
高考与教材
1.take place 发生；举行
2.in memory of 纪念；追念
3.dress up 穿上盛装；打扮；装饰
4.play a trick on 搞恶作剧；诈骗；开玩笑
5.look forward to 期望；期待；盼望
6.day and night 日夜；昼夜；整天
7.turn up 出现；到场
8.keep one's word 守信用；履行诺言
9.hold one's breath 屏息；屏气
10.have fun with 玩得开心
11.set off 出发；动身；使爆炸；引起
Ⅰ.高考与单句填空
1.(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)Sarah Thomas is looking forward to the challenge of her new A－level course.
2.(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)Tourists are required to set off early in the morning.
3.(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)I failed to turn up because I really had an important class meeting to attend.
Ⅱ.教材与单句改错(每题最多2处错误)
1.People love to get together to eat, drink and have funs with each other. funs→fun
2.If the neighbours do not give any sweets, the children might play a trick with them.with→on
3.He was not going to hold breath for her to apologize.breath前加his
句式仿写
原句背诵
我会仿写
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1.either ... or ...意为“或者……或者……”，在句中连接两个相同的句子成分
Some festivals are held to honour the dead or to satisfy the ancestors, who might return either to help or to do harm.
有些节日，是为了纪念死者，或者使祖先得到满足，因为祖先们有可能会回到世上(给人们)提供帮助，也有可能带来危害。
1.(2017·全国卷Ⅱ) 使用这张额外机票的女士可以选择和他一起旅行或拿着这张票单独旅行。
The woman who uses the extra ticket can choose to either travel with him or take the ticket and travel on her own.
2.It is/was obvious that ...“很明显……”，it为形式主语
It was obvious that the manager of the coffee shop was waiting for Li Fang to leave.
很明显，咖啡馆里的经理在等李方离开。
2.(2017·江苏卷满分作文)显而易见，为吸引更多观众电影行业应更加努力。
It is obvious that the film industry should make greater efforts to attract more viewers.
3.while意为“当……的时候”，引导时间状语从句
While she was on earth she met the herd boy Niulang and they fell in love.
她在人间遇到了牛郎，然后两人相爱了。
3.(2017·北京卷满分作文)当师生们观看视频时，他们感动不已。
While the students and teachers were watching the video, they were greatly moved.
重点全突破
Part 1 重点单词
1.admire vt. (admired, admired, admiring) 赞美；钦佩；羡慕；欣赏；观赏
先试做
(1)单句填空
①(牛津词典)The school is widely admired for its excellent teaching.
②It is an admirable (admire) decision that is worth making.
(2)一句多译
我们钦佩他处理这个局面的方法。
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③We admire the way he handled the situation.(admire)
④We have admiration for the way he handled the situation.(admiration)
后记牢
(1)admire sb./sth. for (doing) sth.
因(做)某事钦佩某人/某物
(2)have/express admiration for sb./sth.
羡慕/钦佩某人/物
in/with admiration 钦佩地/羡慕地
◆佳句We stopped in admiration of the beautiful scenery along the Yangtze.
我们停下来欣赏长江沿岸的美景。2.apologize vi. (apologized, apologized, apologizing) 道歉；辩白
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①I must make an apology (apologize) to him for not going to his party.
②He smiled politely as Mary apologized (apology) for her drunken friends.
③She should apologize her deskmate for her bad behaviour.apologize后加to
(2)一句多译
(2016·全国卷满分作文)我为不能守约向你道歉。
④I apologize to you for failing to keep the appointment. (apologize)
⑤I make/express/convey an apology to you for failing to keep the appointment.(apology)
⑥I owe you an apology for failing to keep the appointment. (apology)
后记牢
(1)apologize to sb. for (doing) sth.
因(做)某事向某人道歉
apologize to sb.that ... 向某人道歉……
(2)make/express/convey an apology to sb. for sth. 因某事向某人道歉
owe sb. an apology for sth.
因某事而应向某人道歉
accept one's apology 接受某人的道歉
◆佳句 I would appreciate it if you could accept my apology and forgive me.如果你能接受我的歉意并原谅我我将不胜感激。3.remind vt. (reminded, reminded, reminding) 提醒；使想起
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①Passengers are reminded (remind) that no smoking is permitted.
②Michael put up a picture of Messi beside the bed to keep himself reminded his own dreams. reminded后加of/about
(2)句式升级(按要求升级句式)
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We put up a board. It reminded them to protect the trees.
→③We put up a board reminding them to protect the trees.(分词作定语)
→④We put up a board which/that reminded them to protect the trees.(定语从句)
后记牢
remind sb.of/about sth./sb. 提醒某人某事/
使某人想起某人
remind sb.to do sth. 提醒某人做某事
remind (sb.) that/how/what ... 提醒(某人)……
◆佳句This photo album serves as a reminder of the most important moments of my life.
这个影集让我想起我生活中最重要的时刻。4.forgive vt. (forgave, forgiven, forgiving) 原谅；饶恕；宽恕
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①This morning Jack forgave (forgive) me for my absence last night.
②One of my favourite sayings is “Understand all and forgiving all”．
forgiving→forgive
(2)单句写作
(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)请原谅我不能陪你去书店。
③Please forgive me for my failing/being unable to accompany you to the book store.
后记牢
forgive me 请原谅；对不起
forgive one's doing sth. 原谅某人某事
forgive sb.for (doing) sth. 原谅某人(做了)某事
forgive and forget 不计前嫌
◆佳句As is known to us, it's a virtue to forgive and forget.
众所周知，不计前嫌是一种美德。5.starve vi.&vt. (starved, starved, starving) (使)挨饿；饿得要死；(使)饿死∥vi.渴望；极需要
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①As far as I'm concerned, the poor kid's just starved for attention.
②Lost in the desert, they were starved to death.去掉were
(2)一句多译
自毕业以后，他们一直渴望成功。
③They have been starving to succeed ever since graduation.
④They have been starving for success ever since graduation.
后记牢
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starve to death 饿死
starve for sth. 渴望获得某物
starve to do sth. 渴望做某事
◆佳句Pictures of starving children on show have raised people's awareness of saving food.
展出的饥饿儿童的照片唤起了人们节约粮食的意识。
Mid－Autumn Day is a traditional festival of China, which is actually a day to remind families to get together. When it comes to the Mid－Autumn Festival, what we starve for most is the time when the whole family admire the full moon together. Those who can not return home for the reunion generally make an apology and can be forgiven.
Part 2 短语与句型
1．look forward to期望；期待；盼望
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①The kid is looking forward to being taken (take) to the zoo this weekend.
②The day that he had been looking forward to came (come) at last.
③The Internet makes it possible for people to get the goods they look forward to delivered (deliver) to them quickly and cheaply.
④He looked forward to seeing who was making noises.seeing→see
⑤As a matter of fact, he objects to be treated like a child.be→being
(2)单句写作
(2017·全国卷Ⅰ满分作文)我盼望早日收到你的回复。
⑥I'm looking forward to receiving your earliest reply.
后记牢
(1) look forward to 中的to为介词
look forward 向前看
(2)含介词to后接动名词的动词短语还有：
apply oneself to 专心致志于
lead to/contribute to 导致/有助于
get down to ... 开始认真做……
be devoted to 专心于
be used/accustomed to 习惯于
adjust/adapt to 适应
object to/be opposed to 反对
◆佳句Over the next months, he applied himself to improving the
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technique.接下来的几个月，他一门心思改进技术。
2.turn up出现；露面；被找到；开大(音量); 卷起
先试做
(1)[一词多义]写出下列句中黑体部分的含义
①Don't worry. I'm sure your missing glasses will turn up sooner or later.被找到
②Turn up the TV so that I can hear the music.开大(音量)
③Turn up your trousers' legs and they won't get wet.卷起
(2)选用右栏短语填空
④Though she failed to turn up/show up for work on Monday, she made up a story that she had to pick up her child who was brought up in the countryside. Actually she just broke up with her husband. After that, she took up her story where she left off.
后记牢
break up 分裂；打碎；分手
bring up 抚养；培养；提高
build up 逐渐增强；建立
make up 虚构；弥补；组成
pick up 偶然习得；捡起；接某人
show up 出现；露面
take up 占据；从事；继续
◆佳句(2017·全国卷Ⅱ满分作文)Some famous Chinese artists will show up and perform at the exhibition.一些著名的中国艺术家将在展览会上露面表演。3.set off 出发；动身；使爆炸；引起
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①His rude reply set off a burst of anger of me.
②We set out to prepare supper the moment we returned home.
③I set up an interview with her and we discussed her project at length.
④He reminded me that it was time we set off the station.off后加for
(2)一句多译
准备好收集的信息后，你可以开始准备你的计划。
⑤Armed with the information you have gathered, you can set out to prepare your plan.(set out)
⑥Armed with the information you have gathered, you can set about preparing your plan.(set about)
后记牢
set off for 动身去(某地)
set about 着手/开始做……(后接名词、动名词)
set out 出发；开始做……(后接动词不定式)
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set aside 留出；把……置于一边
set up 建立；搭起；安排
set down 记下；放下
◆佳句Set aside some time each day to practise speaking English, even if it is only five minutes.
每天留出一点时间来练习说英语，哪怕只有五分钟。
4.It was obvious that the manager of the coffee shop was waiting for Li Fang to leave.
很明显，咖啡馆里的经理在等李方离开。
句型公式 It is/was obvious ＋that引导的主语从句，意为“很明显……”
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①It is obvious that without the help of the whole society, there would be no new school today.
②It is natural that you (should) feel (feel) homesick when you first leave home.
③It is important to handing in your article this week.handing→hand
(2)句式升级 (用主语从句升级)
(2017·全国卷Ⅱ满分作文)Truly, this is a good chance for you to have a good knowledge of traditional Chinese culture.
→④It is true that this is a good chance for you to have a good knowledge of traditional Chinese culture.
后记牢
It be ＋ adj. ...的常用句式
(1)It be＋形容词(obvious、true、possible、natural、important ...)＋that从句
(2)It be＋形容词(difficult、impossible、kind、nice ...)(＋for/of sb.)＋to do sth.
(3)在“It is strange/natural/important/necessary＋that从句”结构中，从句谓语动词用(should＋)动词原形。
◆佳句Whatever you do, it's important that you try your best.
无论做什么，重要的是尽力而为。
5.While she was on earth she met the herd boy Niulang and they fell in love.她在人间遇到了牛郎，然后两人相爱了。
句型公式 主句＋while引导的时间状语从句
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)While verbs (动词) may seem dull, most of the fun things they do throughout their lives will be verbs.
②(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)She nodded while listening (listen) patiently.
③(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for a while, exercising, or doing something you enjoy.
④I was never very neat, or Kate was extremely organized.or→while
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(2)句式升级(用让步状语从句升级)
Traveling can broaden your mind, but it's not a good idea to spend too much time and money on it.
→⑤While traveling can broaden your mind, it's not a good idea to spend too much time and money on it.
后记牢
while的用法
(1)“当……的时候；在……时”，引导时间状语从句。
(2)并列连词“然而”，表示对比。
(3)“虽然；尽管”，表示转折(同although)，不能与but连用，但可与yet/still连用。
(4)n.[U](常与a连用)一会儿
once in a while 偶尔；间或
for a while 一会儿
take a short while 需要一点时间
◆佳句(2017·浙江卷)If the books were to be safe, they must be moved again while the city was quiet.要想让这些书安全，它们必须趁这座城市安静的时候再次被运走。
Usually, no matter how far away or how busy we are, we will try to gather together for the celebration. While adults are turning up for the family reunion, it is obvious that the children are looking forward to receiving lucky money, having fun with each other and setting off fireworks excitedly.
集训新思路
四 维 夯 基
本部分练习中加黑体词语是必修2 Unit 5的词汇复现，如有遗忘，请及时回顾。
Ⅰ.在空白处填入1个适当的单词或所给单词的正确形式——热考用法
1．You don't need to dress ， just to go to the pub—jeans and a T－shirt will do.
答案与解析 up dress up“盛装；打扮”，是固定短语。
2．In addition, the more you work out, the more (energy) you will become.
答案与解析 energetic 设空在句中作系动词become的表语，应用形容词，故填energetic, 意为“精力充沛的”。
3．Devoted fans (gather) at the stadium to watch the performances last night.
答案与解析 gathered 设空在句中作谓语，又因句中时间状语是last night，故谓语动词用一般过去时，填gathered。
4．A train blew its whistle and (drown) his voice.
答案与解析 drowned 根据本句and前的动词blew可知，设空所填谓语动词应用一般过去时。
5．Above all, you should learn to be confident and (independence)．
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答案与解析 independent 设空在句中作表语，应用形容词，故填independent，意为“独立的”。
6．Those (hunt) returned home because there were lively and attractive New Year (celebrate) all over the town.
答案与解析 hunters; celebrations 第一空在句中作主语，指“猎人”，应填hunters；there be句型谓语动词是were，故第二空应填复数名词。celebration“庆祝活动”，是可数名词。
7．Mark was looking at them as they were pretending to be drunk.
答案与解析 though/if as if/though“好像；仿佛”， 引导方式状语从句。
8．It was with great (sad) that we reported the death of the actor yesterday.
答案与解析 sadness 设空前是形容词，故该空应填名词。sad的名词是sadness。with sadness“悲伤地”。
9．The millionaire bought a birthday cake in the shape an airplane for his child.
答案与解析 of in the shape of ... “以……的形状”。
10．A group of (poet) accepted the invitation and turned in the celebration.
答案与解析 poets; up 根据设空前的修饰语A group of 可知，名词poet应用复数形式；第二空是固定短语turn up “出现；露面”。
Ⅱ.用括号内动词的正确形式填空——不规则变化
1．Forgive others, and you will (forgive)．
答案与解析 be forgiven 主语you 与forgive 是被动关系，故用被动语态。设空前已有will，故填be forgiven。forgive(原谅；饶恕)—forgave—forgiven—forgiving。
2．Not having accepted the invitation to the party, little Tom (weep) yesterday.
答案与解析 wept 句中时间状语是yesterday, 故谓语动词用一般过去时。weep(哭泣；流泪)—wept—wept—weeping。
3．To be brief, great changes (take) place in the school over the past three years.
答案与解析 have taken 句中时间状语是over the past three years，故谓语动词用现在完成时；take place“发生”，是不及物动词短语，没有被动语态。故填have taken。take(拿；取)—took—taken—taking。
4．I (keep) my word, because I attached great importance to honesty and faith.
答案与解析 kept 从句谓语动词是一般过去时，故主句应用一般过去时。keep(保持；继续)—kept—kept—keeping。
5．We (hold) our breath while Mr.Smith announced the exam results to us.
答案与解析 held 设空所填谓语与while 连接的并列句中的announced时态一致，应用一般过去时，故填held。hold(抑制；保持；持有)—held—held—holding。
Ⅲ.改正下列句子中的唯一错误——易错混用
1．Reminding to sort out the books, the boy set out to work.
答案与解析 Reminding→Reminded remind与the boy 是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词作状语。
2．Several passers－by tricked into buying some useless goods the other day，which was quite foolish！
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答案与解析 tricked前加were 根据定语从句谓语动词was可知，主句谓语用一般过去时；主语passers－by与trick是被动关系，故用一般过去时的被动语态，故在tricked前加were。
3．The musician dreamed of founding a charity in the memory of his wife.
答案与解析 去掉the in memory of “纪念”，是固定短语。
4．She is selling some agriculturally products in the market to earn some extra money.
答案与解析 agriculturally→agricultural 在句中作定语修饰名词products应用形容词。agricultural products “农产品”。
5．In addition, you must ask for permissions before taking any photos inside the church.
答案与解析 permissions→permission ask for permission “请求许可”。
6．Winter wheat is planted in fall and harvest in early summer.
答案与解析 harvest→harvested 主语Winter wheat 与harvest 是被动关系，故用被动语态，故harvest改为harvested。
7．Either the actors or the musician are to perform at the ceremony tomorrow.
答案与解析 are→is either ... or ...连接两个并列成分作主语，谓语动词的数与最近的成分的数一致，the musician是单数名词，故谓语动词用单数形式，故are改为is。
8．While I'm willing to help with your performance, but I don't have much time available.
答案与解析 去掉but while“尽管”，引导让步状语从句，不能与并列连词but连用，故去掉but。
9．To be honest, she pretended to be out of her breath from climbing the stairs.
答案与解析 去掉her out of breath“上气不接下气”，是固定短语。
10．The fish has a lot of bone in it, so be careful when you eat it.
答案与解析 bone→bones 根据句中的a lot of可知，可数名词bone应用复数形式。
Ⅳ.根据语境选出画线部分的正确含义——熟词生义
A. profits B. admire C. found
1．(2017·浙江卷)Pahlsson and her husband searched the kitchen, checking every corner, but turned up nothing. C
2．I am familiar with the saying that “Small gains bring good wealth.” A
3．Travelers came to feast their eyes on the natural beauty of the region. B
小题补练
语法填空
Burns Supper is held 1. memory of Scottish poet Robert Burns. It was started a few years after his death by a group of his friends in 1801 and 2. (celebrate) every year on 25 January, Burns' birthday.
The centre of any good Burns Supper is the haggis, which is made of a sheep's heart and other organs, cut up and 3. (cook) inside the animal's stomach. The haggis is brought into the dining area led by a piper (风笛手) playing the bagpipes. The host then cuts up the haggis with a sharp knife while
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4. (say) Burns' poem Address to a Haggis. In 5. end everyone gathers together to sing Auld Lang Syne.
Burns was very poor for most of his life, 6. contributed to his death at the early age of 37 in 1796. During his short life he wrote many 7. (admire) poems. They are still appreciated today, including Auld Lang Syne, which is often sung to celebrate the 8. (arrive) of the New Year, and My Love is Like a Red, Red Rose. With various Burns Night 9. (celebration) being held all over the world from Scotland to Australia and from Russia to America, Burns Supper can 10. (obvious) make 200 million pounds a year for the Scottish economy.
答案与解析
1．in 考查介词短语。in memory of“纪念”。
2．is celebrated 考查动词的时态和语态。句中时间状语是every year，故谓语用一般现在时；主语It与celebrate是被动关系，故用一般现在时的被动语态，填is celebrated。
3．cooked 考查非谓语动词。cook与heart and other organs是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词作后置定语。
4．saying 考查非谓语动词。The host与say是逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词作状语。
5．the 考查短语。in the end“最后”。
6．which 考查定语从句。非限制性定语从句关系词指代主句的全部内容，且在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which，意为“这一点”。
7．admirable 考查词性转换。设空在句中作定语修饰名词poems，应用形容词，故填admirable。
8．arrival 考查词性转换。设空前是定冠词，故该空应用名词，填arrival。
9．celebrations 考查名词的数。设空前有形容词various，故celebration应用复数形式。
10．obviously 考查词性转换。设空在句中作状语，修饰全句，应用副词。
写 作 提 能
用本单元词汇、句式和语法知识写满分作文
假设你是李华，笔友Tom 写信询问你校最近开设的有关传统文化的实践课程。请根据提示给他回信。
①你最喜欢的课程；②原因；③对你的影响。
(一)根据提示利用本单元所学知识补全短文(无提示处请填写适当的过渡词汇：in addition、last but not least、to begin with)
Dear Tom,
I'm delighted that you are interested in our practical courses about traditional culture. Now, I'd like to share some details with you. ❶There are a variety of practical courses, and among them racing the dragon boat and making zongzi are my favourites. The reasons are as follows.
①To begin with, these are the ②traditional customs (传统的风俗)in the Dragon Boat Festival. This festival is celebrated ③in memory of an ancient poet (为了纪念一个古代诗人) Qu Yuan, who drowned himself into Miluo River for losing his country. His poems can always make people think of his deep love of his motherland. ④In addition, racing together can develop our team spirit, which can ⑤help us gain success
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in the future (有助于我们将来取得成功). ⑥Last but not least, learning to make zongzi can raise our awareness to develop traditional food.
❷Through these courses, I can not only ⑦gather more information about traditional culture (收集更多有关传统文化的信息) but also I can have a better understanding of our culture and our country.
I'm ⑧looking forward to having fun with you in the coming Dragon Boat Festival (盼望着和你在即将到来的端午节玩得开心)．
Yours，
Li Hua
(二)按要求升级词汇和句式
1．用本单元所学词汇升级加波浪线词汇
make people think of→remind people of
2．按要求升级句式
(1)利用非限制性定语从句升级句❶
There are a variety of practical courses, among which racing the dragon boat and making zongzi are my favourites.
(2)利用倒装句式升级句❷
Through these courses, not only can I gather more information about traditional culture but also I can have a better understanding of our culture and our country.
Unit 2 Healthy eating
基础巧回顾
见学生用书P063
单词巧练
写准并记牢
高考与教材
重点单词
1.diet n．[C，U]日常饮食 vi.节食
2.glare vi. 怒目而视；闪耀 n．[C] 怒视；炫目的光
3.slim vi. 变细；减肥 adj.苗条的；纤细的
4.lie n．[C] 谎话；谎言 vi.说谎→lied/lied/lying(过去式/过去分词/现在分词)
5.consult vt.咨询；请教；商量→consultant n．[C]顾问
Ⅰ.高考与单句填空
1.(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet.
2.(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)In fact, the key to easy morning wake－up lies in resting your body clock.
3.(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)Knowing the history of the Tang Dynasty will be very beneficial (benefit) to your understanding of the poems.
4.(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)It's important to keep a balance between study and a social life, so you'd better join the team.
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6.balance n．[C]天平；[U]平衡 vt.平衡；权衡→balanced adj.均衡的
7.benefit n．[C]利益；好处 vt.& vi.有益于；有助于；受益→beneficial adj.有益的
8.limit n．[C，U]界限；限度 vt.限制；限定→limited adj.有限的
9.curiosity n．[U]好奇心→curious adj.好奇的→curiously ad v.好奇地
10.strength n．[U]力量； [C]长处；强项→strong adj.强壮的→strengthen vt.加强
11.weakness n．[C]缺点；弱点；[U]虚弱→weak adj.虚弱的→weaken vt.削弱
12.combine vt.& vi. (使)联合；(使)结合→combination n．[C，U]联合；结合
阅读单词
13.digest vi.& vt.消化 n．摘要；概要
14.cooperation n．合作；协作
15.discount n．折扣
16.fry vt.& vi.油煎；油炸
5.(2014·全国卷Ⅰ)Your children need to be deeply curious (curiosity)．
Ⅱ.教材与单句改错(每题最多2处错误)
1.I don't want to upset you, but I found your menu so limiting that I stopped worrying and started advertising the benefits of my food.limiting→limited
2.Perhaps we ought to combine our ideas and provide a balance menu with food full of energy and fibre.balance→balanced
3.She didn't look happy but glared him.glared后加at
4.There were few choice of food and drink on it：just rice, raw vegetables serving in vinegar, fruit and water.choice→choices; serving→served
5.Wang Peng was amazing at this and especially at the prices.amazing→amazed
短语巧练
写准并记牢
高考与教材
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1.lose weight 体重减轻；减肥
2.get away with 受到从轻发落；(做坏事)不受惩罚
3.tell a lie 说谎
4.win ... back 赢回……；重新获得……
5.earn one's living 谋生
6.in debt 欠债
7.spy on 暗中监视；侦查
8.cut down 削减；删节
9.put on weight 增加体重
10.glare at 怒目而视
11.ought to 应当；应该
12.before long 不久以后
Ⅰ.高考与单句填空
1.(全国卷)The community college has to cut down staff so as to save money.
2.(全国卷)Do you think the murderer should get away with it？
3.(全国卷Ⅱ)My day there went very well, and before long I got a well－paid job.
Ⅱ.教材与单句改错(每题最多2处错误)
1.Perhaps with a discount and a new sign he could win his customers.customers后加back
2.By now his restaurant ought be full of people.ought后加to
3.I know you only came to spy with me and my menu.with→on
句式仿写
原句背诵
我会仿写
1.否定词与比较级连用表示最高级含义
“Nothing could be better，” he thought.
他想：“再没有比这些更好吃的了。”
1.健康是最重要的。
Nothing is more valuable than health.
2.have sb. doing sth.用于否定句中表示“不允许某人做某事”
He could not have Yong Hui getting away with telling people lies！
他可不能让雍慧哄骗人们后却不受惩罚。
2.老师不允许我们把手机带到学校来。
Our teachers won't have us carrying cellphones to school.
重点全突破
Part 1 重点单词
1.balance vt. (balanced, balanced, balancing) 平衡；权衡 ∥n.[C](pl.balances) 天平；(常用单数) 平衡；余额
先试做
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(1)单句填空
①Before making the final decision, you'd better balance the advantages against the disadvantages.
②You'd better keep a balanced (balance) diet for the benefit of your health.
(2)一句多译
你太努力学习了，你最好学习和放松保持平衡。
③You've been studying too hard, but you'd better keep a balance between study and relaxation.
(balance n．)
④You've been studying too hard, but you'd better balance between study and relaxation.
(balance vt.)
后记牢
(1)keep/lose one's balance 保持/失去平衡
balance between ... and ... 平衡……与……
(2)balance sth. against ... 权衡；斟酌；比较
keep a balance between ... and ...
保持……与……的平衡
(3)keep a balanced diet 保持饮食均衡
◆佳句My suggestion is that you try to balance your diet by eating more fruit and less meat.
我建议你尽量通过多吃水果和少吃肉来均衡饮食。
2.lie n．[C](pl. lies)谎话；谎言 vi.说谎；躺下；位于
先试做
(1)用lie/lay的适当形式填空
①He would not tell lies, but got a well－paid job because he told the truth.
②He laid the book on the table and left.
③You could see from her face that she was lying.
④The town lies on the coast with amazing scenery, which attracts many visitors every year.
(2)写出动词的过去式、过去分词和现在分词
⑤lie vi. (撒谎)过去式lied 过去分词lied 现在分词lying
⑥lie vi. (躺；位于)过去式lay 过去分词lain 现在分词lying
⑦lay vt.(放；产卵)过去式laid 过去分词laid 现在分词laying
后记牢
(1)tell a lie＝tell lies 撒谎；说谎话
a white lie 善意的谎言
(2)lie to sb. 对某人撒谎
(3)lie in 位于；在于
(4)There lies/lie/lied ... 某地有……
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(5)lie down 躺下
◆佳句 She told me that happiness lies in helping others to be happy.
她告诉我快乐的真谛在于帮助他人获得快乐。
3.limit vt. (limited, limited, limiting)限制；限定∥n.[C] (pl.limits) 界限；限度
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①After all, individual strength is limited (limit)．
②Set a limit to the number of tasks you take on each day and stick to it.
③As we all know, a lack of formal education will limit to your job opportunities.去掉to
④The teaching of history should not be limiting to dates and figures.limiting→limited
(2)单句写作
他在一个贫困家庭中长大，童年时期仅仅接受了有限的教育。
⑤Brought up in a poor family, he only received limited education in his childhood.
后记牢
(1)limit ... to ... 把……限制在……内
(2)within the limit of ... 在……范围内
set a limit to ... 对……规定限度
there is a/no limit to 对……是有限/无限的
(3)be limited to ... 受限于……
一个人的生命是有限的，但是为人民服务是无限的。
4.strength n．[C](pl. strengths)长处；强项 [U]力量；体力
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①(2017·北京卷)One idea is that sleep helps us strengthen (strong) new memories.
②There is strong (strength) evidence of a link between regular exercise and a healthy body.
③The ability to keep calm is one of her strength.strength→strengths
(2)完成句子
骑自行车的优点是它能强身健体。
④The strength of riding bikes is that it can build up our strength.
后记牢
build up one's strength/body 强身健体
strengths and weaknesses 优点和缺点
The strength of ... is that ... ……的优点是……
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◆佳句 Not only can practising Taichi build up one's strength, but also develop one's character.
练太极不仅能增强体质，还能培养一个人的品质。
5.benefit n．[C] (pl. benefits)&[U]好处；利益；优势 ∥vt.&vi.(benefited, benefited, benefiting) 有益于；有助于；受益
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①It is of great benefit to share your feelings with someone you trust, which is also beneficial (benefit) to your mental health.
②If I'm lucky enough to be elected, I will make efforts to serve for benefit of students and our club.for后加the
(2)一句多译
(2017·全国卷Ⅰ满分作文)了解唐朝历史将对你很有益。
③Knowing the history of the Tang Dynasty will be of great benefit to you. (benefit n．)
④Knowing the history of the Tang Dynasty will be very beneficial to you. (beneficial)
⑤Knowing the history of the Tang Dynasty will benefit you greatly./
You will benefit a lot from/by knowing the history of the Tang Dynasty.(benefit v.)
后记牢
(1)benefit from/by ... 从……中受益；得
益于……
benefit sb. 对某人有益
(2)be of (great) benefit to sb.＝be (very) beneficial to sb. 对某人(非常)有益处
for the benefit of ... 为了……的利益
◆佳句It really benefited me a great deal to preview lessons, get actively involved in class, and review what had been taught after class.
课前预习、课堂上积极参与、课后复习所学知识，让我受益匪浅。
6.consult (consulted, consulted, consulting) vt.咨询；请教；查询 vi.商量
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①To work out the difficult maths problem, I have consulted (consult) Professor Russell several times.
②The doctor consulted his colleagues about the operation on the patient.consulted后加with
(2)句式升级(用分词作状语升级句式)
After I consulted with my parents, I made up my mind to major in English.
→③Having consulted with my parents, I made up my mind to major in English.
后记牢
consult sb. about sth. 向某人请教某事
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consult with sb. about sth. 与某人商量某事
consult ... for ... 查阅(文件/字典等)
◆拓展consult/refer to a book/dictionary“参考书/字典”；look up ... in a book/dictionary“在书/字典中查阅……”。
◆佳句You'd better not consult a dictionary every time you come across a new word.
你最好不要每次遇到生词就查字典。
In my opinion, good health lies in regular exercise and positive attitude. Meanwhile, you ought to keep the balance between study and relaxation. In addition, even if your time is limited, do take exercise regularly to build up your strength, which will be of great benefit to your health. If you are ill, make sure you consult your doctor before taking medicine by yourself.
Part 2 短语与句型
1．get away with 受到从轻发落；(做坏事)不受惩罚
先试做
选用右栏短语填空
①(朗文词典)Watch Frank—he'll cheat if he thinks he can get away with it.
②Get over present difficulties, and everything should be all right.
③Every now and then I like to spend a few days in the country to get away from the noisy Beijing.
④It took a long time to get across to the workers the way the machine worked.
⑤Anyway, we're here now, so let's get down to some serious work.
⑥I tried calling you several times but I couldn't get through.
后记牢
get across 解释清楚；使人理解
get along/on with 进展；与……相处
get down to 开始；着手
get away from 逃离或摆脱
get over 克服(困难)；从……中恢复过来
get through (工作)完成；通过；度过；接通电话
◆佳句In no case should you let the two students get away with cheating in the exam!
你绝不应该对这两个学生在考试中的作弊行为不进行处罚！
2.“Nothing could be better，” he thought. 他想：“再没有比这些更好吃的了。”
句型公式 否定词＋比较级＝最高级，意为“没有比……更……”
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①Mr. Stevenson is great to work for—I really couldn't ask for a better (good) boss.
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②It was not until then that I suddenly realized nobody was happy than I was.happy→happier
③He is kind and helpful, so you can't praise him very much.very→too
(2)句式升级(用“否定词＋比较级/原级”结构升级句式)
(2016·四川卷满分作文)Spring is the most pleasant season of all.
→④No season is more pleasant than spring.(否定词＋比较级)
→⑤No season is as pleasant as spring.(否定词＋原级)
后记牢
(1)“否定词＋比较级”结构中常用的否定词有no、not、never、nothing、nobody等。
(2)含否定词表最高级意义的其他表达：
否定词＋so/as＋形容词/副词原级＋as
否定词＋形容词/副词比较级＋than
have never＋such＋形容词原级＋名词
can/could＋never/not ...＋形容词/副词
enough (too＋形容词/副词)
◆佳句As far as I'm concerned, there is nothing better than being praised by my teacher before my classmates.就我而言，没有什么比在同学面前被老师表扬更好的了。
3.He could not have Yong Hui getting away with telling people lies！他可不能让雍慧哄骗人们却不受惩罚！
句型公式 主语＋can't/couldn't have sb. doing sth.“不允许某人做某事”
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①(2017·天津卷)I was watching the clock all through the meeting, as I had a train to catch (catch)．
②(2016·北京卷)I won't have you making (make) the same mistake again and again.
③It is not a good idea to have the machine run all the time.run→running
(2)句式升级(利用“have＋宾语＋宾补”结构升级)
(2016·全国卷Ⅰ满分作文)I intend to take up a part－time job, through which I can broaden my horizons.
→④I intend to take up a part－time job, through which I can have my horizons broadened.
后记牢
have sb./sth. doing sth. 让某人做某事/让某事发生(动作持续)(肯定句)
have sb. do sth. 让某人做某事
have sth. done 让别人做某事；完成某事；遭遇不幸的事
have sth. to do 有事情要做(不定式作定语)
◆佳句I was wondering if you could suggest a good way to have my written English improved in a short period of time.我想知道你是否能建议一个好的方法以使我的英语写作水平在短期内得到提升。
As far as I'm concerned, nothing is more precious than keeping fit. To lose weight, you ought to cut
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down on smoking and get actively involved in exercise, and then before long you will surely feel more healthy and energetic. In addition, you can not have yourself eating too much or getting away with drinking alcohol.
集训新思路
四 维 夯 基
本部分练习中加黑体词语是必修3 Unit 1的词汇复现，如有遗忘，请及时回顾。
Ⅰ.在空白处填入1个适当的单词或所给单词的正确形式——热考用法
1．The host sat in her empty restaurant (feel) heart－broken.
答案与解析 feeling The host与feel 是逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词作伴随状语。
2．We were (curiosity) to know why he dressed up for such an informal party.
答案与解析 curious 设空在句中作表语，应用形容词，故填curious。be curious to do sth. “好奇地做某事”。
3．None of us had much money so we (combine) what we had and set off for our destination.
答案与解析 combined 设空所填谓语动词与本句已有谓语动词had和set时态一致，应用一般过去时，故填combined。
4．When I glanced out of the window, I saw them (gather) around the building.
答案与解析 gathering them与gather 是逻辑上的主谓关系，且表示正在发生的动作，故用现在分词作宾补。
5．Supermarkets use a number of different methods to attract (customer)．
答案与解析 customers 设空前无表示“一” 的限定词，故该空填名词的复数形式。
6．In a word, books are the source of knowledge, which we benefit a lot.
答案与解析 from/by benefit from/by ...“从……中获益”。
7．Mr. Smith was angry because the student (lie) to him to gain the chance.
答案与解析 had lied 从句谓语动词“撒谎”发生于主句谓语was angry之前，表过去的过去，应用过去完成时，故填had lied。
8．The beauty (sigh) with relief that the celebration was all over.
答案与解析 sighed 宾语从句谓语动词是一般过去时，故主句谓语动词用一般过去时，故填sighed。
9．The (host) is looking forward to the arrival of her guests.
答案与解析 hostess 根据设空所在句中的her可知，该处填名词hostess, 意为“女主人”。
10．To keep much (slim) and more energetic, I am a diet.
答案与解析 slimmer; on 设空前是比较级修饰语much，故设空处应填比较级，故填slimmer; 第二空是固定短语be on a diet“节食”。形容词slim的比较级、最高级分别是slimmer、slimmest。
Ⅱ.用括号内动词的正确形式填空——不规则变化
1．You can still eat breakfast when (slim).
答案与解析 slimming when slimming是when you are slimming 的省略形式。slim(减肥)—slimmed—slimmed—slimming。
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2．A number of trees (cut) down to make way for the highway in recent years, which makes me upset.
答案与解析 have been cut 句中时间状语是in recent years, 故谓语动词用现在完成时。主语A number of trees 与cut down 是被动关系，故用现在完成时的被动语态，故填have been cut 。cut(砍；切)—cut—cut—cutting。
3．Later, I (win) back his trust by helping him when he was in trouble.
答案与解析 won 根据从句谓语动词时态可知主句应用一般过去时，故填won。win ... back “重新获得……”。win(赢得；获胜)—won—won—winning。
4．He (put) on weight since he gave up smoking.
答案与解析 has put since引导的时间状语从句用一般过去时，主句谓语动词用现在完成时，故填has put。put on weight“增重”。put(放)—put—put—putting。
5．The survivors (lie) on the beach, all of whom were exhausted and shocked.
答案与解析 lay 从句谓语动词是一般过去时，故主句谓语用一般过去时。故填过去式lay。lie(躺)—lay—lain—lying。
Ⅲ.改正下列句子中的唯一错误——易错混用
1．Why not gave him a chance to admire the scenery with you？
答案与解析 gave→give why not do sth. “为什么不做某事”。
2．If your knowledge can combined with my experience, we're sure to gain success.
答案与解析 can后加be 主语knowledge与combine是被动关系，故用被动语态。
3．The problem of stress is obviously not limited with people who work.
答案与解析 with→to be limited to ...“局限于……”。
4．The poet kept his word and bought some delicious frying fish for us.
答案与解析 frying→fried fry与fish 是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词作定语。fried fish “炸鱼”。
5．The two fools just stood there, glared at each other and saying nothing.
答案与解析 glared→glaring或saying→said The two fools与glare at是逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词作伴随状语；也可理解为和stood、glared是并列的三个动作，故saying改为said。
6．It's unfair that he gets away cheating because he's an energetic athlete.
答案与解析 away后加with get away with doing sth. “做某事不受惩罚”。
7．He has to avoid fat because his body can't digest for it.
答案与解析 去掉for digest是及物动词，后面直接接宾语，故介词for 多余。
8．Bill's heavily in his debt at the moment, but looks forward to paying it off soon.
答案与解析 去掉his be in debt“欠债”，是固定短语。
9．The young man was tricked into spying the manager of the big company.
答案与解析 spying后加on spy on sb. “监视某人”。
10．At present, neither he nor the hunters is having fun with the children.
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答案与解析 is→are neither ... nor ...连接两个并列成分作主语，谓语动词的数与最近的成分的数保持一致，hunters是复数名词，故谓语动词用are。
Ⅳ.根据语境选出画线部分的正确含义——熟词生义
A. unusual things B. made up
C. kept up D. small
1．The museum is full of historical curiosities. A
2．His lack of experience was balanced by a willingness to learn. B
3．There is a slim chance that he will get away from his work for the holiday. D
写 作 提 能
用本单元词汇、句式和语法知识写满分作文
假如你是李华，最近收到了你的朋友Lucy的来信。她在信中说，由于繁重的学习负担和频繁的考试，她感到身心疲惫，甚至经常上课犯困。请你给她回信，内容如下：
①向Lucy表示问候和安慰；②从睡眠、饮食和运动等方面就如何保持健康和活力给她一些意见。
(一)根据提示利用本单元所学知识补全短文(无提示处请填写适当的过渡词汇：what's more、last but not the least、first of all)
Dear Lucy，
I am really upset to hear that you often feel tired both physically and mentally and even sleepy in class because of heavy learning burdens and frequent exams. If the situation continues, it will have a negative influence on your normal life and study. In view of this, I would like to give you some suggestions on ①how to stay healthy and energetic (如何保持健康并且精力充沛)．
②First of all, ③you'd better go to bed early (最好早点睡觉) and have a good sleep. ❶You should not stay up. Just as the saying goes, “Early to rise and early to bed makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise.” ④What's more, ⑤a balanced diet is also of great significance (均衡的饮食同样重要). You should eat more healthy food such as vegetables, fruit and milk and so on and avoid ⑥food with too much fat (含有太多脂肪的食物). ⑦Last but not the least, ❷it would be a good idea for you to take regular exercise after school, because that will greatly refresh you when you feel tired.
I do hope you will ⑧find these suggestions beneficial/ of benefit (觉得这些建议有益) and recover as soon as possible.
Yours，
Li Hua
(二)按要求升级词汇和句式
1．用本单元所学词汇升级加波浪线词汇
should→ought to
2．按要求升级句式
(1)利用“have＋宾语＋doing”句式升级句❶
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You can't have yourself staying up.
(2)利用非限制性定语从句升级句❷
it would be a good idea for you to take regular exercise after school, which will greatly refresh you when you feel tired
Unit 3 The Million Pound Bank Note
基础巧回顾
见学生用书P069
单词巧练
写准并记牢
高考与教材
重点单词
1.scene n．[C] (戏剧)一场；现场；场面；景色
2.manner n. [C]礼貌；举止；方式
3.stare vi. 凝视；盯着看
4.contrary n．[C] 反面；对立面 adj.相反的；违反的
5.seek vt.& vi. 寻找；探索；寻求→sought/sought(过去式/过去分词)
6.spot vt.发现；认出 n．[C] 斑点；污点；地点→spotted adj.有污迹的；有斑点的
7.account vi.& vt.认为；说明；总计有 n．[C]说明；理由；计算；账目→accountant n．[C]会计
8.adventure n．奇遇；冒险→adventurous adj.冒险的
9.permit vt.& vi.许可；允许；准许 n．[C]通行证；许可证；执照→permission n．[U]许可
10.novel n．[C]小说；长篇故事→(熟词生义) adj.新奇的；异常的→novelist n．小说家
11.patience n．[U]耐性；忍耐→patient adj.忍耐的；有耐心的→patiently ad v.耐心地→impatient adj.不耐烦的
12.unbelievable adj.难以置信的→(反义词)believable adj.可信的→believe v.相信；信任→belief n．[U]信念；[C]信仰
13.rude adj.粗鲁的；无礼的→rudely ad v.
Ⅰ.高考与单句填空
1.(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)This attractive tour takes you to some of San Francis's most cheerful holiday scenes (scene)．
2.(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)She gave me a comforting smile, nodded while listening patiently (patient)．
3.(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)Passenger pigeons once flew over much of the United States in unbelievable (believable) numbers.
4.(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)I'd appreciate it if you could take my request into account.
5.(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)Then the person leaves it in a public place, hoping that the book will have an adventure.
6.(2015·全国卷Ⅰ)On the way, we spotted a man holding (hold) a piece of paper that said, “Lost my job. Family to Feed.”
7.(全国卷Ⅰ)However, some businesses only seek to earn (earn)
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粗鲁地；无礼地→rudeness n．[U]粗鲁
阅读单词
14.wander vi.漫游；漫步；漂泊
15.fault n．过错；缺点；故障
enough to cover their operating costs.
Ⅱ.教材与单句改错(每题最多2处错误)
1.At this moment, they saw a young man wander on the pavement outside their house.wander→wandering
2.Permit me lead the way, sir.lead前加to
3.The museum sits on the exact spot the gold was first discovered.spot后加where
4.He is best known for his novel such as The adventures of Tom Sawyer and The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn.novel→novels
短语巧练
写准并记牢
高考与教材
1.bring up 抚养；培养；教育；提出
2.stare at 凝视；盯着看
3.account for 是……的原因；解释
4.on the contrary 与此相反；正相反
5.go ahead 前进；(用于祈使句)可以；往下说
6.by accident 偶然；无意中；不小心
7.a large amount of 许多；大量
8.take a chance/take chances 冒险
9.in rags 衣衫褴褛
10.as for 关于；至于
11.on the scene 在现场
12.find fault with 吹毛求疵；找毛病
Ⅰ.高考与单句填空
1.(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)These animals consumed a large amount of vegetation (植被), which reduced plant diversity in the park.
2.(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)You can produce that kind of magical quality in your own garden, too. But it doesn't happen by accident.
3.(全国卷)He seems to be giving the impression that he didn't enjoy himself in Paris. On the contrary, he had a wonderful time.
Ⅱ.教材与单句改错(每题最多2处错误)
1.He brought up in Hannibal, Missouri, along the Mississippi River.brought前加was
2.We'll take chance. Go ahead of and let him
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have it.chance→chances或chance前加a; 去掉of
3.His eyes stared what was left of the brothers' dinner on the table.stared后加at
句式仿写
原句背诵
我会仿写
1.“find＋宾语＋宾补”结构
Towards nightfall I found myself carried out to sea by a strong wind.
傍晚时分我发现自己被一阵大风刮到海上去了。
1.我发现自己被一群充满好奇心的孩子围住了。
I found myself surrounded by a group of children full of curiosity.
2.“it was ... that ...”强调句型
And it was the ship that brought you to England.
正是这条船把你带到了英国。
2.正是感到孤独时我才意识到朋友的重要性。
It was when I felt lonely that I realized the importance of friends.
3.when 作并列连词，相当于and then 或and just at that time
The next morning I'd just about given myself up for lost when I was spotted by a ship.
第二天早上，我正感到绝望的时候，一艘船发现了我。
3.(2017·天津卷)我正开车前往伦敦这时我突然发现我走错路了。
I was driving down to London when I suddenly found that I was on the wrong road.
重点全突破
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Part 1 重点单词
1.scene n．[C](pl. scenes) (戏剧)一场；现场；场面；景色
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①Though he is an ordinary man working behind the scenes, he does extraordinary things.
②The reporter is the first to appear in the scene.in→on
(2)句式升级(用非限制性定语从句升级)
On receiving the call, the police rushed to the scene. There a traffic accident happened.
→③On receiving the call, the police rushed to the scene, where/in which a traffic accident happened.
后记牢
on the scene 在场；出现；到场；当场
behind the scenes 在幕后；暗中
appear/come on the scene 出场；登场
◆提示scene有“场景；场面；地点”的含义，后接定语从句，且关系词在定语从句中作状语时，应用关系副词where或in which来引导。关系词在从句中作主语或宾语时，用关系词that/which引导。
2.permit v. (permitted, permitted, permitting) 许可；允许∥n.[C] (pl. permits) 许可证；执照
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)I was the first Western TV reporter permitted (permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas.
②Passengers are permitted to carry (carry) only one piece of hand luggage onto the plane.
③The owners don't permit park cars in front of the shops.park→parking
(2)一句多译
(2016·天津卷满分作文)时间允许的话，我希望参加更多的活动，在活动中我们能加深友谊。
④Time permitting, I expect to join in more activities where we can have our friendship strengthened.(用独立主格结构)
⑤If time permits, I expect to join in more activities where we can have our friendship strengthened.(用状语从句)
后记牢
(1)permit sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事
be permitted to do sth. 被允许做某事
permit doing sth. 允许做某事
weather/time permitting 天气/时间允许的话
(doing) sth. be permitted (做)某事是被允许的
(2)with/without one's permission
获得某人同意/未经某人允许
ask for permission 请求允许
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◆佳句With your permission, I will have the project carried out as soon as possible.
如果你答应的话，我将尽快实行这项计划。
3.spot vt. (spotted, spotted, spotting) 发现；认出；点缀∥n.[C] 斑点；污点；地点
先试做
(1)单句填空
①(2017·浙江卷)A bit later, they spotted (spot) what they, too, assumed was a dog running alongside a man on a bike.
②One of the most beautiful spots (spot) on the river is the Three Gorges.
(2)句式升级(按要求升级句式)
He was dressed in a coat, and it was spotted with stars.
→③He was dressed in a coat, which was spotted with stars. (用非限制性定语从句升级)
→④He was dressed in a coat spotted with stars. (用分词作定语升级)
后记牢
(1)spot sb./sth. 发现/认出某人某物
spot ... doing sth. 发现……正在做某事
be spotted with ... 散布……；点缀……
(2)on the spot/scene 当场；在现场
他把他当时向她求婚的确切地点指给我看。
4.account vi.&vt.(accounted, accounted, accounting)认为；说明；总计有∥n.[C] (pl. accounts) 账目；描述；说明；报道；理由
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①(2017·江苏卷)The application of new technologies and the wide appeal of movie stars could also account for the increase.
②In no account should we give up the plan.In→On
(2)词汇升级(用本单元所学高级词汇升级黑体词汇)
③She was absent from school because of illness.on account of
(3)一句多译
(2017·北京卷满分作文)我真诚地希望你会考虑我的推荐。
④I sincerely hope that you will take account of my recommendation. (take account of)
⑤I sincerely hope that you will take my recommendation into account/consideration. (take ... into account/consideration)
后记牢
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(1)account for 解释；是……的原因；占……(比例)
(2)on account of 由于；因为
on no account 决不(置于句首主谓部分倒装)
give a(n) ... account of... 描述……
(3)考虑……
◆佳句I'm writing to give you a full account of my unforgettable trip to Europe.
我写信向你详细叙述我难忘的欧洲之旅。
I can often spot him reading novels, which can account for his unbelievable writing skills. Those scenes described in his compositions are always so vivid that we are all amazed. However, his parents don't permit him to read novels for fear that they will affect his studies.
Part 2 短语与句型
1．bring up培养；抚养；养育；教育；提出；呕吐
先试做
[一词多义]写出下列句中黑体部分的含义
①(福建卷)Born into a family with three brothers, David was brought up to value the sense of sharing.教育
②He brought up a practical plan in the meeting, but got rejected.提出
③He was drunk and brought up what he had eaten at midnight.呕吐
④He brought up the orphan and passed down to him his knowledge of medicine.养育；抚养
后记牢
bring about 引起；产生；导致；带来
bring sth. back 使某物恢复；带回某物；使想起某事
bring down 让……降下来；使倒下
bring in 引入；赚(钱)
bring out 使显现出；阐明；出版；生产
◆佳句This picture often brings back to me many happy memories of my high school days.
这张照片经常使我想起高中生活中许多美好的回忆。
2.take a chance 冒险；试图做某事；碰运气
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①You should never take a chance when driving a car.
②The chances are that the player will recover from his injury in time for the next game.
③I was wandering in the street when I met my neighbour by a chance.去掉a
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(2)单句写作
(2016·四川卷满分作文)无论何时有机会去乡村，无论哪里有美景，我都会毫不犹豫地背起背包踏上旅途。
④Whenever there is a chance for me/I have a chance to go to the countryside，
where there is beautiful scenery, I will never hesitate to pack my bags and leave for the land.
后记牢
(1)take a chance＝take chances 碰运气；冒险
(2)by chance＝by accident 偶然；碰巧
(3)(The) chance is/(The) chances are that ... 有可能……
There is no /a chance that ... (不)可能……
(4)There is a chance to do sth./have a chance to do sth. 有机会做某事
◆佳句Volunteering gives you a chance to change lives, including your own.
志愿者工作让你有一个可以改变生活的机会，包括你自己的生活。
3.The next morning I'd just about given myself up for lost when I was spotted by a ship. 第二天早上，我正感到绝望的时候，一艘船发现了我。
句型公式 主语＋had just done sth. when ...“……刚做完某事这时……”
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)Just last year, I was conducting (conduct) a workshop when someone knocked at the classroom door.
②(2015·广东卷)One day, the cow was eating grass when it began to rain heavily.
③(2015·北京卷)He had just walked for about a mile while a volunteer searcher found him.while→when
(2)一句多译
在我正要放弃的时候，父亲鼓励我要坚持。
④I was on the point of giving up when my father encouraged me to keep it up.
⑤I was about to give up when my father encouraged me to keep it up.
后记牢
(1)when 可作并列连词，相当于and then或and just at that time。
(2)其他结构相似的句式还有：
主语＋was/were doing ... when ...正在做……这时……
主语＋ was/were about to do ... when ...＝主语＋ was/were on the point of doing ... when ...正要做……这时……
◆佳句(2016·北京卷)Jack was working in the lab when the power cut occurred.
杰克正在实验室工作这时停电了。
4.Well, towards nightfall I found myself carried out to sea by a strong wind.哦，傍晚时分我发现自己被一阵大风刮到海上去了。
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句型公式 主语＋find＋宾语＋过去分词短语(宾语补足语)“发现……”
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)Lots of people find it hard to get up in the morning.
②(浙江卷)Even the best writers sometimes find themselves lost (lose) for words.
③A student will be immediately removed if he is found cheat in the exam.cheat→cheating
(2)句式升级(用find复合宾语结构升级句式)
I hope to find that you are in better spirits when we meet again.
→④I hope to find you in better spirits when we meet again.
后记牢
(1)find的复合宾语结构：
find＋宾语＋
(2)find＋it＋adj./n.＋to do(it是形式宾语，不定式是真正的宾语)
◆佳句 After I arrived in America, I found myself living in a completely foreign culture.
我来到美国之后，发现自己生活在完全陌生的异国文化中。
Brought up to value reading, I find myself interested in reading, which is the most rewarding entertainment activity in my spare time. As for me, only through reading wildly can the soul be strengthened, ambition inspired and dreams achieved. However, I never take a chance to read novels during classes.
集训新思路
四 维 夯 基
本部分练习中加黑体词语是必修3 Unit 2的词汇复现，如有遗忘，请及时回顾。
Ⅰ.在空白处填入1个适当的单词或所给单词的正确形式——热考用法
1．It is of great benefit to teach children how to deal with others' kindness and (rude)．
答案与解析 rudeness 设空前是others'，故设空应填名词。rude的名词是rudeness，意为“粗鲁”。
2．It would be (believable) that such an honest fellow should have told lies.
答案与解析 unbelievable 设空在句中作表语，故词性不变，根据语境可知，该处表“令人无法置信的”，故填believable的反义词unbelievable。
3．I (wander) along the street when I felt someone glaring at me.
答案与解析 was wandering 该句是be doing sth. when ...“正在做某事这时……”句式， 故填was wandering。
4．You ought to create an amazing and (adventure) future for yourself.
答案与解析 adventurous 设空后是名词future，应用形容词修饰，故填adventurous，意为“冒险的”。
5．The host and the hostess (bow) as the guests left.
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答案与解析 bowed 设空所填谓语动词与从句谓语动词时态一致，应用一般过去时，故填bowed。
6．When he passed the building, he heard someone (scream) loudly.
答案与解析 screaming someone与scream是逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词作宾补。
7．She (patient)explained all the rules to the students and required everyone to follow them.
答案与解析 patiently 设空在句中作状语修饰谓语动词explained，应用副词，故填patiently。
8．Good (manner) are a very important key to your social success.
答案与解析 manners good manners“礼貌”，manner作“礼貌”讲时，应用复数形式。
9．He likes eating raw vegetables, but for me, I like a balanced diet better.
答案与解析 as as for“至于”。
10．Several (author) were invited to attend the big event held in the building.
答案与解析 authors 设空前是Several，故可数名词author应用复数形式。
Ⅱ.用括号内动词的正确形式填空——不规则变化
1．They (seek) for a place to shelter from the rain, but they failed.
答案与解析 sought 设空所填谓语动词与but后的谓语动词failed时态一致，应用一般过去时，故填sought。seek (寻找)—sought—sought—seeking。
2．Her parents died when she was a baby and she (bring) up by her aunt.
答案与解析 was brought 设空所填谓语动词与died和was时态一致，应用一般过去时；主语she与bring up是被动关系，故用一般过去时的被动语态，填was brought。bring(带来)—brought—brought—bringing。
3．You will not (permit) to enter the building without the correct password.
答案与解析 be permitted 主语You与permit是被动关系，故用被动语态。permit(允许)—permitted—permitted—permitting。
4．I ran downstairs, (spot) a red bag, and headed towards it.
答案与解析 spotted 设空所填谓语动词与该句已有谓语ran和headed时态一致，故用一般过去时，填spotted。spot(发现)—spotted—spotted—spotting。
5．He (lose) in the forest three days and nights and was finally rescued by his friends.
答案与解析 was lost 设空所填谓语与and后的句子中的谓语was rescued时态一致，应用一般过去时，be lost “迷路；倾心于某事”。lose(丢失；迷路)—lost—lost—losing。
Ⅲ.改正下列句子中的唯一错误——易错混用
1．So far, huge amounts of money has been spent on his slimming gym.
答案与解析 has→have 句中时间状语是So far, 故谓语用现在完成时；“huge amounts of ＋不可数名词”作主语，谓语动词用复数形式，故has改为have。
2．The time was so limited that Susan wanted to go ahead her work as soon as possible.
答案与解析 ahead后加with go ahead with sth. “继续某事”。
3．He is such a man as is always finding faults with other people.
答案与解析 faults→fault find fault with sb.“挑剔某人；找某人的茬”。
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4．Whenever I made mistakes, the teacher pointed them out with patient.
答案与解析 patient→patience with patience “耐心地”。
5．You should not lose weight. To the contrary, you should put on weight.
答案与解析 To→On on the contrary “正相反”。
6．The manager showed mercy to the child in rag and gave him some food.
答案与解析 rag→rags in rags“衣衫褴褛”。
7．It was in that way how your brother got away with telling lies last week.
答案与解析 how→that 强调句式结构，强调状语in that way。
8．The customer found really hard to deal with the present situation.
答案与解析 found后加it find it ＋adj.＋to do 结构，it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的不定式。
Ⅳ.根据语境选出画线部分的正确含义——熟词生义
A. not paying attention B. unusual
C. equals D. cost of a journey
1．Keeping what belongs to another amounts to stealing. C
2．It's not a novel idea to open a Chinese restaurant in a foreign country. B
3．I'm sorry, but my mind was wandering. What did you say? A
4．My father couldn't afford the passage to America. D
小题补练
语法填空
This afternoon we were chatting casually when a man dressed 1. rags wandered into the shop. We all 2. (stare) at him doubtfully when he said he wanted a new coat. I took him downstairs and showed him a cheap coat, 3. would cost him only a small amount of money. I thought he might be a bit upset about the price, but on the contrary, he did not seem to care about it at all. I never 4. (mean) to be rude but I tended to be 5. (patient) with customers who can't decide. So I persuaded him to buy it.
Then 6. (unbelievable), the man handed me a million pound bank note. Not knowing 7. it was genuine or not, I had to turn to my boss to ask his advice. He told me that it was bad 8. (manner) for me to judge this man by his clothes. My boss looked very angry and ordered me 9. (find) the best coat for the man immediately. I had never seen him so kind to anybody else like that before. As for 10. (I), I felt terrible for the rest of the day!
答案与解析
1．in 考查介词短语。in rags“衣衫褴褛”，是固定短语。
2．stared 考查动词的时态。when引导的时间状语从句谓语动词是一般过去时，故主句谓语动词用一般过去时，故填stared。
3．which 考查定语从句。非限制性定语从句先行词是a cheap
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coat，从句中缺少主语，故用关系代词which引导定语从句。
4．meant 考查动词的时态。根据句中已有谓语动词tended可知设空所填谓语用一般过去时，故填meant。
5．impatient 考查词性转换。设空在句中作表语，故所给词词性不变，根据语境“我容易变得不耐烦”可知该空填patient的反义词impatient。
6．unbelievably 考查词性转换。设空在句中作状语，修饰全句，应用副词，故填unbelievably。
7．whether 考查名词性从句。“ it was genuine or not”是宾语从句，从句在句意上缺少“是否”，应用whether。
8．manners 考查名词的数。manner作“礼貌”讲时，应用复数形式。
9．to find 考查非谓语动词。order sb. to do sth.“命令某人做某事”。
10．me 考查代词。设空前是介词短语As for，故设空处应填宾格代词作宾语，故填me。
写 作 提 能
用本单元词汇、句式和语法知识写满分作文
根据下面提示写一篇80词左右的人物介绍。
①马克·吐温是美国19世纪最著名的作家之一，生于密苏里州，做过水手喜欢写作；②全世界读者都喜欢他的作品。
(一)根据提示利用本单元所学知识补全短文
①As for my favourite figure (至于我最喜欢的人物), it must be Mark Twain, one of the best known American writers in the nineteenth century. Because ②he was brought up (他被抚养长大) in Missouri in the middle part of the United States, he set many of his novels in his boyhood adventures on the river.
When he grew up, ③he took a chance to work as a sailor (他冒险做过水手) on a river boat for some time. The fact is ④that his father didn't permit him to do so (他的父亲不允许他这么做) at first. ⑤After seeking advice from his father (征求父亲的建议后), he decided to become an author, which helped him make lots of money.
Many of Mark Twain's novels have been translated into many languages，which explained why he and his works are deeply loved by readers throughout the world.
(二)按要求升级词汇和句式
1．用本单元所学词汇升级加波浪线词汇
(1)lots of→a large amount of
(2)explained→accounted for
2．按要求升级句式
用非谓语动词作状语升级第一段第二句
Brought up in Missouri in the middle part of the United States, he set many of his novels in his boyhood adventures on the river.
Unit 4 Astronomy: the science of the stars
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基础巧回顾
见学生用书P074
单词巧练
写准并记牢
高考与教材
重点单词
1.crash vi.& vt.碰撞；坠落
2.atmosphere n．[U] 大气层；[C]气氛
3.pull n．& vt.拉(力)；拖；牵引力
4.float vi.& vt. (使)浮动；(使)漂浮 n．[U] 漂浮物
5.theory n．[C]理论→theoretical adj.理论上的→theoretically ad v.理论上地
6.fundamental adj.基本的；基础的→fundamentally ad v.基本地；基础地
7.system n．[C] 系统；体系；制度→systematic adj.有系统的→systematically ad v.系统地
8.harmful adj.有害的→harmless adj.无害的→harm n．[U]害处 vt.对……有害
9.violent adj.猛烈的；激烈的；强暴的→violence n．暴力→violently ad v.猛烈地；激烈地
10.puzzle vt.& vi. (使)迷惑；(使)为难 n．[C]谜；难题→puzzling adj.令人迷惑的→puzzled adj.迷惑不解的
11.unlike prep.不同；不像→(反义词)like prep.像→dislike v.&n.[C]不喜欢
12.exist vi.存在；生存→existence n．[U]存在→existing adj.现存的
13.gentle adj.温和的；文雅的→gently ad v. 温和地；轻柔地
14.biology n. 生物→biologist n．[C]生物学家
15.globe n．球体；地球仪；地球→global adj.全球的；全世界的→globally ad v.全球地
阅读单词
16.religion n．宗教；宗教信仰
Ⅰ.高考与单句填空
1.(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)We're looking at the benefits of systems (system) which control their speed as a way of preventing that.
2.(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)It can be quite an eye opener to see the range of classical apples still in existence (exist), such as Decio which was grown by the Romans.
3.(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)When her dinner partner showed up, she also pulled (pull) up a chair.
4.(2015·全国卷Ⅱ)If steel is heavier than water, why are ships able to float (float) on the sea？
5.(2014·全国卷Ⅱ)They feel puzzled (puzzle) over choices.
6.(全国卷Ⅰ)However, he was the gentlest (gentle) man I have ever known.
(2015·天津卷)The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere where his employees enjoy their work.
Ⅱ.教材与单句改错(每题最多2处错误)
1.They laid eggs too and were existed on the earth for more than 140 million years.去掉were
2.How life begun on earth is one of the biggest puzzle that scientists found hard to solve.begun→began; puzzle→puzzles
3.It was not immediately obvious that water was to be fundamental for the development of life.for→to
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17.astronomy n．天文学
18.climate n．气候
19.thus ad v.因此；于是
4.I cheered up immediately and floating weightlessly around in our spaceship cabin watching the earth become smaller and the moon larger.floating→floated
5.The earth became so violently that it was not clear if the shape would last or not. violently→violent; if→whether
短语巧练
写准并记牢
高考与教材
1.in time 及时；终于
2.lay eggs 下蛋
3.give birth to 产生；分娩
4.in one's turn 轮到某人；接着
5.watch out for 密切注意；当心；提防
6.cheer up 感到高兴；感到振奋
7.break out 突发；爆发
8.prevent ... from 阻止；制止
9.block out 挡住(光线)
10.get the hang of 熟悉；掌握；理解
11.now that 既然
Ⅰ.高考与单句填空
1.(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)Do you want to get up in time to have breakfast with your family？
2.(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)Now that you know why you want to wake up, consider re－arranging your morning activities.
3.(2015·全国卷Ⅰ)So we went over to the flower seller and asked her if we could buy a flower for the lady to cheer her up.
Ⅱ.教材与单句改错(每题最多2处错误)
1.Thus they have, in their turns, become the most important animals on the planet.turns→turn
2.They gave birth for young baby animals and produced milk to feed them. for→to
句式仿写
原句背诵
我会仿写
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1.make＋it＋adj.＋to do，在该句式中，it是形式宾语
This produced a chain reaction, which made it possible for life to develop.
这就产生了一系列的反应，使得生命就有可能开始发展了。
1.在过去的几十年间，太空技术的进步已经使得人们在太空种植蔬菜成为可能。
In the last decades, advances in space technology have made it possible for people to grow vegetables in space.
2.“...倍数＋as＋形容词/副词原级＋as ...”是倍数表达法之一，意为“……是……的多少倍”
I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over.
我发觉我被送出去很远，步子的跨度竟是在地球上的两倍，因而我摔倒了。
2.我付出的是以前三倍的时间和精力。
I devoted three times as much time and energy as I did before.
3.now that “既然；由于”，引导原因状语从句，有时that可以省略
“Oh, dear，” I cried, “walking does need a bit of practice now that gravity has changed.”“天哪，”我大声说，“既然重力改变了，看来走路也的确需要练一练了。”
3.(2017·全国卷Ⅱ满分作文)既然你喜欢乒乓球，我想邀请你加入校队。
Now that you are crazy about table tennis, I'd like to invite you to join the school team.
重点全突破
Part 1 重点单词
1.harmful adj.有害的 (反)harmless adj.无害的
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①As we all know, a bad eating habit is harmful (harm) to one's health.
②Personally, there is no harm making an apology to him.harm后加in
(2)一句多译
众所周知，沉溺于手机对健康有害。
③What is known to us is that being addicted to cellphones is harmful to health.(harmful)
④What is known to us is that being addicted to cellphones does harm to health.(harm)
后记牢
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(1)be harmful to ... 对……有害
(2)do/cause harm to sb.＝do/cause sb. harm 对某人造成损害/伤害
(3)There is no harm in doing sth. 做某事没有害处
◆佳句(牛津P960)Fruit juices can be harmful to children's teeth.
果汁可能损坏儿童的牙齿。
2.exist vi. (existed, existed, existing) 存在；生存 (无被动语态和进行时态)
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①There exists a good way to solve the existing problem now. (exist)
②Scientists have many theories about how the universe first came in existence.in→into
(2)单句写作
在我们学校自行车的存放是一个长久以来就存在的问题。
③The parking place for bikes was/has been an existing problem for a long time in our school.
后记牢
(1)exist in ... 存在于……之中
exist on＝live on ... 靠……为生
There exists ... 某地有……；存在……
(2)in existence 现存的；现有的
come into existence 产生；开始存在
3.puzzle vt. (puzzled, puzzled, puzzling) 使迷惑；使为难∥n.[C] (pl. puzzles) 谜；难题；(游戏的)猜谜
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①His last painting was perhaps the most puzzling, which even puzzled the artists at that time. (puzzle)
②Where the lost boy has gone remains a puzzle to us.
③They stood there, puzzling and saying nothing.puzzling→puzzled
(2)句式升级(按要求将练习②升级)
④It puzzles us where the lost boy has gone.(it作形式主语)
⑤What puzzles us is where the lost boy has gone.(what引导的主语从句)
后记牢
(1)puzzle sb. 使某人困惑
puzzle about/over 冥思苦想；苦苦思索
(2)a puzzle to sb. 一件让某人感到困惑的事情
(3)be puzzled about ... 对……迷惑不解
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◆佳句(有道词典)To be honest, I sometimes feel puzzled about my future career.
说实话，有时我对我以后的职业生涯感到困惑。
4.pull n．[C] (pl. pulls) 拉；牵引力∥vt. (pulled, pulled, pulling) 拉；拖；出站
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①(2016·四川卷)On a family car trip, her Aunt Dede pulled out a copy of Harry Potter, as a surprise for her niece.
②Everyone was concerned whether the patient would pull through or not.
③Whether the buildings in this area will pulled down has remained uncertain.will后加be
(2)句式升级(用分词作状语升级)
Daddy and I ran quickly towards her and pulled her out.
→④Daddy and I ran quickly towards her, pulling her out.
后记牢
pull down 拆毁；摧毁
pull in (车辆)进站停靠；靠边停靠
pull out 出站；拉出；拿出
pull through 康复；痊愈
pull up (使)停住
◆佳句As the saying goes, “it is easier to pull down than to build up”．
正如谚语所说，拆房容易盖房难。
There is still a puzzle whether there exists life on Mars. That is because there is almost no oxygen but harmful gases on Mars. However, unlike the biologist, the physicist claims that scientists have made a great breakthrough, thus greatly multiplying chances of escaping the pull of the earth and experiencing the future life on Mars.
Part 2 短语与句型
1．in time及时；终于；总有一天
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①(2017·北京卷)The first magazine with your gift message will arrive in time for the special day.
②(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)At one time, I even felt my parents couldn't understand me.
③We arrived in the summer, just in time to enjoy (enjoy)the midnight sun.
④Don't try to do everything at once. Take it a bit at time.time前加a
⑤He was made to practise the piano so much that, at time, he thought about giving up.time→times
(2)句式升级(用倒装句式升级)
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In my view, you should at no time lose heart whenever you are in trouble.
→⑥In my view, at no time should you lose heart whenever you are in trouble.
后记牢
(1)in time for sth. 及时赶上
in time to do sth. 及时做某事
(2)in no time 立刻；马上
at no time 决不(置句首主谓部分倒装)
at a time 每次；一次
at one time 曾经；一度
at times 有时；间或
over time 渐渐地；慢慢地
at the same time 同时
from time to time 有时；偶尔
(3)take one's time 别着急；慢慢来
◆佳句As the saying goes, “Where there is a will, there is a way！” Your efforts will pay off in time.常言道，有志者事竟成，你的努力最终会获得回报的。
2.in one's turn 轮到某人；接着
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①Now that we have finished the design, it is in their turn to construct.
②I think it's my turn to drive (drive) the kids to school this week.
③People try to avoid public transportation delays by using their own cars, and this in turns creates more problems.turns→turn
(2)一句多译
结果我们的努力终于有所回报。
④Our efforts turned out to pay off in time.
⑤It turned out that our efforts paid off in time.
后记牢
(1)in turn 依次；轮流；反之；相应地
by turns 轮流；交替地
take turns to do sth. 轮流做某事
It is one's turn to do sth. 轮到某人做某事
(2)turn out 制造；培养；原来(是)；证明(是)；结果(是)
It turns/turned out that ... 结果……
◆佳句Leaving home for the first time, he felt cheerful and sad by turns.
第一次离开家，他时而高兴时而悲伤。
3.cheer up (使)高兴；(使)振奋；感到高兴；感到振奋
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先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①Cheer Mary up, and things will work out for the best.
②The crowd was cheered (cheer) by the news and cheered up.
③She told me to be cheering and look on the bright side.cheering→cheerful
(2)单句写作
运动员们一出现，观众们就欢呼起来。
④The moment the athletes turned up, the audience burst into cheers.
后记牢
(1)cheer sb. up 使某人振作起来
be cheered by ... 被……鼓舞
(2)burst into cheers 欢呼起来
(3)cheerful adj. (指人)高兴的；快乐的
cheering adj. (指物)令人高兴的
◆佳句(牛津词典)The results of the test were cheering.化验结果令人欢欣鼓舞。
4.This produced a chain reaction, which made it possible for life to develop.这就产生了一系列的反应，使生命的发展成为可能。
句型公式 主语＋make＋it＋adj.＋for ...＋to do ...意为“使得……做某事……”
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)I put some pine branches into the basket to make this nest safe (safety) and comfortable.
②The teacher raised his voice in order to make himself heard (hear)．
③He made clear that he wanted me to stay for another week.made后加it
(2)单句写作
(2016·四川卷满分作文)春天的一切都让我感到精力充沛而且振作。
④Everything in spring makes me energetic and cheer up.
后记牢
(1)make＋it＋形容词/名词＋不定式/动名词/从句(believe、consider、feel、find、think等动词也有这样的用法)。
(2)make＋宾语 ＋宾语补足语(形容词/名词/过去分词/不带to的不定式)。
◆佳句(2017·全国卷Ⅰ) I then made it a point to attend those meetings and learn all I could.然后我就去参加那些会议，并学习所有我能做的事。
5.I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over.我发觉我被送出去很远，步子的跨度竟是在地球上的两倍，因而我摔倒了。
句型公式 主语＋谓语＋twice as far as ...意为“……是……的两倍远”
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先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①(2015·江苏卷) The electronic waste system is increasing three times faster (fast) than traditional garbage as a whole.
②(全国卷)The restaurant wasn't half as good that other restaurant we went to.good后加as
(2)句型转换
When you study the local map, you'll find this town is three times as big as that one.
→③When you study the local map, you'll find this town is three times bigger than that one.(than)
→④When you study the local map, you'll find this town is three times the size of that one.(size)
后记牢
四种常见的倍数表达法：
(1)A＋谓语＋倍数＋as＋adj./adv. 原级＋as B
(2)A＋谓语＋倍数＋adj./adv.比较级＋than B
(3)A＋谓语＋倍数＋the ＋名词(size/length/weight ...)＋of B
(4)A＋谓语＋倍数＋what从句，表“A是……的多少倍”
◆佳句It's said that the new factory is twice the size of what it was.
据说这个新工厂是以前的两倍大。
Now that you have long been interested in space exploration, it's my turn to make it possible for you to learn a great deal from the activity. Only by joining in the activity can you cheer up and read twice as many books as before. Thus, your dream of becoming an astronaut will come true in time.
集训新思路
四 维 夯 基
本部分练习中加黑体词语是必修3 Unit 3的词汇复现，如有遗忘，请及时回顾。
Ⅰ.在空白处填入1个适当的单词或所给单词的正确形式——热考用法
1．Indeed，nothing can prevent his novel from (publish).
答案与解析 being published prevent ... from doing sth.“阻止……做某事”，publish与his novel是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用v.－ing的被动式作宾语。
2．The two businessmen are so alike that strangers find difficult to tell one from the other.
答案与解析 it find it ＋adj.＋to do sth. “发现做某事是……”，it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是不定式。
3．On the contrary, it is the most (violence) scene that I have ever seen.
答案与解析 violent 设空后是名词scene，应用形容词作定语修饰，故填violent。
4．Watch out the man in rags, for he is not a beggar but a thief indeed.
答案与解析 for watch out for sb. “提防某人”，是固定短语。
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5．After several years of practice, I think I will finally get the hang spoken English.
答案与解析 of get the hang of “精通；掌握”。
6．The driver lost control of the car by accident and (crash) into a truck.
答案与解析 crashed 设空所填谓语动词与句中已有谓语动词lost时态一致，应用一般过去时，故填crashed。
7．The (biology) was brought up in a big family who attached great importance to education.
答案与解析 biologist 根据语境可知，该空指“生物学家”；又根据谓语was brought up 可知主语用单数形式，故填biologist。
8．He lent a hand to us, which (multiply) our chances of success several times.
答案与解析 multiplied 设空所填谓语动词与该句已有谓语动词lent时态一致，应用一般过去时，此处指“使我们成功的机会增加了几成”，故填multiplied。
9．As we all know, wood (float) on water.
答案与解析 floats “木头浮于水面”是科学道理，应用一般现在时，故填floats。
10．The two (theory) he put forward finally proved scientific.
答案与解析 theories 设空前是数词two，故可数名词theory应用复数形式。
Ⅱ.用括号内动词的正确形式填空——不规则变化
1．The goose (lay) many eggs in the past few months.
答案与解析 has laid 句中时间状语是in the past few months, 故谓语动词用现在完成时。lay(产卵；下蛋)—laid—laid—laying。
2．The woman physicist (give) birth to a fine healthy girl last year.
答案与解析 gave 句中时间状语是last year，故谓语动词用一般过去时，填gave。give birth to “出生；分娩”。give(给予)—gave—given—giving。
3．No one could account for the reason why the fire (break) out so suddenly.
答案与解析 broke 根据主句谓语could account for可知，why引导的定语从句谓语动词用一般过去时；break out “爆发；发生”，是不及物动词短语，没用被动语态，故填broke。break(打破；打碎)—broke—broken—breaking。
Ⅲ.改正下列句子中的唯一错误——易错混用
1．Now that you've got a permit, so you can go ahead with your project.
答案与解析 去掉so now that“既然；由于”，引导原因状语从句，不能与连词so连用。
2．Wandering in the countryside, I could feel the wind gentle blowing through my hair.
答案与解析 gentle→gently 修饰非谓语动词blowing，应用副词作状语，故gentle改为gently。
3．That she wanted to do, she told me, was to seek help.
答案与解析 That→What 引导从句且在从句中作宾语，指“所……的事情”，应用What。
4．You'll succeed on time because you are always working hard.
答案与解析 on→in in time“最后；终于；总有一天”，是固定短语。on time “按时”。
5．Whether we will go fishing tomorrow depends the weather.
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答案与解析 depends后加on/upon depend on/upon“依靠；依赖；取决于”。
6．You can hardly imagine what difficulty the novelist has existing with the little money he's earning.
答案与解析 with→on exist on ... “靠……生存”。
7．It puzzles with scientists how these creatures can survive in such severe conditions.
答案与解析 去掉with puzzle“使迷惑”，是及物动词，后面直接接宾语，故介词with多余。
8．The garlic is said to lessen about the risk of heart disease.
答案与解析 去掉about lessen“降低”，是及物动词，后面直接接宾语，故介词about多余。
9．He used to earn his living by just sell books.
答案与解析 sell→selling by doing sth. “通过做某事”，用于说明做某事的方式、手段。
10．It's unlike Mary to staring at others for so long a time.
答案与解析 staring→stare It's unlike sb. to do sth.“做某事不像是某人”。
Ⅳ.根据语境选出画线部分的正确含义——熟词生义
A. used up B. put forward C. tied
1．She hadn't chained her dog up, so it got killed on the main road. C
2．We nearly exhausted our coal reserved for the winter, which worried me a lot. A
3．The idea was first floated in a speech given by the president a few months ago. B
小题补练
Ⅰ.短文改错
The question whether the moon is a planet is fundamentally if students are to show that they understand the nature of astronomy. Some scientists think that the earth gave birth for the moon was existed the moon circles our planet. Others believe that the moon existing before the earth was formed. They think that countless years earlier it travelled through space as a small planet which is caught by the earth's gravity. As result, it goes around our planet. That is because the atoms made up the rocks on the moon seem to be different from that on earth. It is clear that the moon is small than the earth, which prevents it from escape from the earth. Although its origin may still be puzzled, the moon can never be anything more than a satellite of the earth.
答案与解析
The question whether the moon is a planet is if students are to show that they understand the nature of astronomy. Some scientists think that the earth gave birth the moon because the moon circles our planet. Others believe that the moon existed before the earth was formed. They think that countless years earlier it travelled through space as a small planet which caught by the earth's gravity. As
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result, it goes around our planet. That is because the atoms up the rocks on the moon seem to be different from on earth. It is clear that the moon is than the earth, which prevents it from from the earth. Although its origin may still be the moon can never be anything more than a satellite of the earth.
①fundamentally→fundamental 在句中作表语，应用形容词，故fundamentally改为fundamental。
②for→to give birth to“产生；分娩”。
③去掉was exist“存在；生存”，是不及物动词，不用于被动语态。
④is→was 句中时间状语是countless years earlier，故谓语动词应用一般过去时，故is改为was。
⑤As后加a as a result“结果”，是固定短语。
⑥made→making the atoms与make up是逻辑上的主动关系，故用现在分词短语作后置定语。
⑦that→those 指代该句中的the atoms应用those代替。that指代上文提到的特指的单数可数名词或特指的不可数名词。
⑧small→smaller 根据句中的比较级提示词than可知small应用比较级。
⑨escape→escaping prevent ... from doing sth.“阻止……做某事”，介词from后应接动名词作宾语。
⑩puzzled→puzzling 在句中作表语，说明主语its origin的特征，应用以－ing结尾的形容词，故puzzled改为puzzling。puzzling“令人迷惑的”；puzzled“感到迷惑的”。
Ⅱ.语法填空
It was obvious 1. my early intention of gardening was just to annoy my parents. At that time, we had a big yard where a beautiful maple tree stood. But those golden 2. (leaf) seemed like tons of rubbish to both my mother and my father.
At that time, 3. I always did was opposite to my parents liked! If gardening was something they disliked 4. (do), I would plant a garden!
I planted some lily seeds in the yard. But they failed 5. (come)up. I continued to plant sunflower seeds and roses. Wild with joy, I found the first rose bloom. 6. (final) one by one, the flowers bloomed. But my parents showed no interest in my garden. I 7. (keep) on planting my garden and continued to enjoy the pleasure of gardening.
It 8. (be) many years since I made my first garden out of my desire to challenge my parents. Now I become known as Mrs.Greenthumbs, teaching gardening, which makes my parents 9. (pride). And I can say 10. makes me a real gardener is my affection for nature.
答案与解析
【语篇解读】 作者的父母不喜欢园艺，但是年少的作者偏喜欢做父母不喜欢的园艺，并成为园艺大师。
1．that 考查主语从句。主语从句在结构和句意上均完整，应用that引导主语从句。it is obvious that ...“很显然”，it 是形式宾语，真正的主语是that从句。
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2．leaves 考查名词的数。根据设空前的those可知可数名词leaf应用复数形式。
3．what 考查主语从句。“ I always did”是主语从句，从句中缺少宾语，指“什么”，应用what引导主语从句。
4．doing 考查非谓语动词。dislike doing sth. “未喜欢做某事”。
5．to come 考查非谓语动词。fail to do sth. “不能做某事”，不定式作宾语。
6．Finally 考查词性转换。设空在句中作状语修饰全句，应用副词，故填Finally。
7．kept 考查时态。设空在句中作谓语，与and后的continued时态一致，应用一般过去时，故填kept。
8．is/has been 考查时态。it is/has been＋时间段＋since ...“自从……已……时间”，主句用一般现在时或现在完成时。
9．proud 考查词性转换。设空在句中作宾补，应用形容词，故填proud。
10．what 考查名词性从句。 makes me a real gardener是主语从句，从句中缺少主语，指“什么”，应用what引导主语从句。
写 作 提 能
用本单元词汇、句式和语法知识写满分作文
假如你是李华，你爱好太空探险但是却得不到父母的理解，于是你给英国朋友Stephen发电子邮件进行交流并请求帮助。要点如下：
①你的观点(至少写2点)；②父母的意见。
(一)根据提示利用本单元所学知识补全短文(无提示处请填写适当的过渡词汇：thus、however)
Dear Stephen，
❶①There exists a problem (有一个问题) between my parents and me, and that ②has made it impossible for me to concentrate on my study (使我不可能专心学习). I have no idea how to deal with it so I have to seek your help.
❷I am so crazy about space exploration that in my spare time I often go to the library to read something about space exploration. ③However, this makes my parents very angry because they think ④my hobby is harmful to my study (我的爱好对我的学习有害) sooner or later. ⑤Thus, they do what they can to ⑥prevent me from going to the library (阻止我去图书馆). To them, high marks are everything and I should ⑦spend twice more time on my lessons (花两倍多的时间学习)．
I think healthy hobbies are beneficial to our overall development. But I don't think my parents understand me, which upsets me. What shall I do? Can you offer me some suggestions? I am looking forward to your early reply.
Yours，
Li Hua
(二)按要求升级词汇和句式
1．用本单元所学词汇升级加波浪线词汇
sooner or later→in time
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2．按要求升级句式
(1)按要求升级句❶
①There exists a problem between my parents and me, making it impossible for me to concentrate on my study.(分词作状语)
②There exists a problem between my parents and me, which has made it impossible for me to concentrate on my study.(非限制性定语从句)
(2)利用倒装句升级句❷
So crazy about space exploration am I that in my spare time I often go to the library to read something about space exploration.
Unit 5 Canada—“The True North”
基础巧回顾
见学生用书P080
单词巧练
写准并记牢
高考与教材
重点单词
1.scenery n．[U]景色；风景
2.measure vi.& vt.测量；衡量；判定 n．[C, U] 计量单位；措施
3.confirm vt.证实；证明；批准
4.chat vi.&n. 聊天；闲聊→chatted/chatted/chatting(过去式/过去分词/现在分词)
5.baggage n．[U]行李→(同义词)luggage
6.mix vt.& vi.混合；调配→mixture n．混合(物)；混合状态→mixed adj.混合的；混杂的
7.distance n．[C, U]距离；远方→distant adj.远的；远方的
8.wealthy adj.富有的→wealth n．[U]财富
9.terrify vt.使恐怖；恐吓→terrified adj.感到恐惧的；受惊吓的→terror n．[U]恐惧；[C]引起恐惧的人或物→terrifying adj.可怕的
10.impress vt.使印象深刻；使铭记→impressive adj.给人深刻印象的；感人的→impression n．[C]印象
Ⅰ.高考与单句填空
1.(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)What the plants pump through the air is a mixture (mix) of chemicals.
2.(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)The exhibition will enable you to have a good knowledge of traditional (tradition) Chinese culture.
3.(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)I am pleased (please) to invite you to the paper－cutting exhibition.
4.(2014·全国卷Ⅰ)They have reduced pollution through effective measures (measure)．
5.(2014·全国卷Ⅰ)My wheelchair experiment was soon finished. It made a deep impression (impress) on me.
Ⅱ.教材与单句改错(每题最多2处错误)
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11.surround vt.& vi.包围；围绕→surroundings n．(复数)周围的事物；环境→surrounding adj.周围的
12.slight adj.轻微的；微小的→slightly ad v.稍稍；轻微地
13.tradition n．[C, U]传统；风俗→traditional adj.传统的→traditionally ad v.传统上
14.pleased adj.欣喜的；高兴的；愉快的→pleasing adj.令人愉快的→pleasant adj.令人愉快的→pleasure n．[U]快乐；[C]令人高兴的事
阅读单词
15.aboard prep.& ad v.在(船、飞机、火车或公共汽车)上；上(船、飞机、火车等)
16.nearby ad v.在附近 adj.附近的；邻近的
17.approximately ad v.大约
1.People say it is Canada's most beautiful city, surround by mountains and the Pacific Ocean.surround→surrounded
2.Around noon they arrived in Toronto, the biggest and most wealth city in Canada. wealth→wealthy
3.There was frosty on the ground, confirmed that fall had arrived in Canada.frosty→frost; confirmed前加which
或confirmed→confirming
4.He was going to take them and their baggages to catch “The True North”．baggages→baggage
5.It is so wet there that the trees are extremely tall, some measured over 90 metres.measured→measuring
短语巧练
写准并记牢
高考与教材
1.rather than 与其；不愿
2.settle down 定居；平静下来；专心于
3.manage to do 设法做
4.catch sight of 看见；瞥见
5.have a gift for 有……天赋
6.in the distance 在远处
7.as far as 远到；直到；至于
8.at dawn 在黎明；在拂晓
9.dream about/of 梦想……
Ⅰ.高考与单句填空
1.(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)I didn't come from a family with wealth or position, but I did manage to get (get) a master's degree in fine arts.
2.(2014·全国卷Ⅱ)Let cooking and living simply be a joy rather than a burden.
3.(2014·全国卷Ⅱ)Caroline doesn't have a gift for music, but she makes up for it with hard work.
Ⅱ.教材与单句改错(每题最多2处错误)
1.In a distance, they could see the misty cloud that rose from the great Niagara Falls.a→the
2.The train left late that night and arrived in Montreal at the dawn the next morning.去掉dawn前的the
句式仿写
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原句背诵
我会仿写
1.rather than “与其；不愿”，连接并列成分
Rather than take the aeroplane all the way, they decided to fly to Vancouver and then take the train from west to east across Canada.
她们不想一路乘飞机，而是决定先飞到温哥华，再从西海岸乘火车横穿加拿大到达东海岸。
1.正是文化而非语言使得他很难适应国外的新环境。
It was the culture, rather than the language, that made it hard for him to adapt to the new environment abroad.
2.not ... until ... “直到……才……”
They were not leaving for Montreal until later, so they went on a tour of the city.
她们要晚些时候才动身去蒙特利尔，因此就在多伦多市内游览了一番。
2.直到我被选为班长我才意识到团队合作的重要性。
I didn't realize the importance of teamwork until I was chosen monitor.
3.more ... than any other country 是比较级句式，但表达的是最高级的含义
Because of the Great Lakes, they learned, Canada has more fresh water than any other country in the world.
她们了解到由于五大湖，加拿大的淡水比世界上其他任何一个国家的都要多。
3.在中国，乒乓球比其他任何运动都受人欢迎。
Table tennis is more popular than any other sport in China.
重点全突破
Part 1 重点单词
1.surround vt. (surrounded, surrounded, surrounding) 包围；围绕
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①(2017·江苏卷)Determining where we are in relation to our surroundings (surround) remains an essential skill for our survival.
②Surrounded by the forest, the village has beautiful surroundings, which attract many visitors from surrounding areas. (surround)
③(2015·福建卷) Surrounded yourself with people who'll provide you with support can be very
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beneficial.Surrounded→Surrounding
(2)句式升级(用分词作定语升级)
I find a lake which is surrounded with/by trees and flowers.
→④I find a lake surrounded with/by trees and flowers.
后记牢
(1)surround ... with ... 用……包围/围绕……
be surrounded by/with ... 被……包围
surround oneself with sb. 喜欢结交某人
(2)surroundings n. 环境
surrounding adj. 周围的(只用于名词前)
◆佳句To some people, happiness is being surrounded by family and friends.
对有些人来说，幸福就是有家人和朋友相陪。
2.measure vi.&vt. (measured, measured, measuring) 测量；衡量；判定∥n.[U]计量单位；尺寸；[C](常用复数measures) 措施
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①(2016·北京卷)Although these measures (measure) are not effective forever, they are vital for now.
②As is known, education shouldn't be measured (measure) only by examination results.
③The doctor weighed the baby and measured (measure) its height.
④The bridge measured 2,000 meters needs repairing.measured→measuring
(2)一句多译
是我们应该采取措施阻止空气被污染的时候了。
⑤It's high time that we should take/took measures to prevent air from being polluted.
⑥It's high time that measures should be taken/were taken to prevent air from being polluted.
后记牢
(1)measure ... by ... 用……来衡量……
be measured by/in ... 用……来衡量/计算
(2)take measures/steps/action to do sth. 采取措施做某事
make sth. to sb.'s measure 照某人的尺寸做
◆提醒(1)measure表“措施”时，应用复数形式。
(2)measure表“有……长(宽、高等)”时，是系动词，后跟量的结果，不用于被动语态及进行时态。
◆佳句Scientists haven't measured the positive effects of laughter on children.笑，对孩子的正面影响有多大，科学家还没有对此作出评估。
3.distance n．[C，U]距离；远方；疏远
先试做
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(1)单句填空/单句改错
①Though there is a long distance between Tom and his family, they don't feel distant.(distance)
②We spotted them waving to us at a distance of two hundred yards.
③Take your time—it's just short distance from here to the restaurant.short前加a
(2)一句多译
很难理解她，因为她总和每个人保持距离。
④It was difficult to get to know her because she always kept everyone at a distance.
⑤It was difficult to get to know her because she always kept her distance from everyone.
后记牢
(1)in the distance 在远处
from a distance 从远处
at a distance (of ...) 在……远的地方；距离稍远
(2)keep one's distance (from ...) (与……)保持距离
keep sb. at a distance 对某人冷淡；与某人疏远；与某人保持一定距离
◆佳句We often walk to the beach, which is within walking distance of my house.我们常步行到海滩。海滩离我家很近，走几步路就到了。
4.impress vt. (impressed, impressed, impressing) 使印象深刻；使铭记；铭刻；给……留下极深的印象
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①The impressive (impress) scenery made a deep impression on the visitor.
②My first impression (impress) of him was that he was a kind and thoughtful young man.
③He impressed with us the need for immediate action.with→on/upon
(2)句式升级
(2017·全国卷Ⅱ满分作文)Those beautiful paper－cutting works will surely impress you.
→④ You will surely be impressed with those beautiful paper－cutting works.(be impressed with)
→⑤Those beautiful paper－cutting works will surely be impressed on your mind/memory.(be impressed on)
→⑥Those beautiful paper－cutting works will surely make/leave an impression on you.(impression)
→⑦What will surely impress you are those beautiful paper－cutting works.(what主语从句)
后记牢
(1)make/leave an impression on ... 给……留下印象
(2)impress sb. with sth. 某物给某人留下印象
impress sth. on/upon sb. 使某人意识到/牢记某事
be impressed by/with ... 对……有深刻印象
be impressed on one's mind/memory 被印在某人脑海里
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◆佳句My father impressed me with the value of hard work, which has been benefiting me over years.我父亲要我牢记努力工作的重要性，这使我多年来受益匪浅。
I was appreciating the surrounding scenery when a scene in the distance impressed me and gave me a mixed feeling. Some tourists were having a picnic while throwing rubish everywhere. As far as I'm concerned, measures should be taken to raise people's awareness of environmental protection.
Part 2 短语与句型
1．settle down定居；平静下来；专心于；舒适地坐下/躺下
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①She didn't start the lesson until the students settled down.
②After reaching a settlement (settle) with the school, she soon settled into her new college life.
③Before we settle down to discuss other things, I've a question to ask you.discuss→discussing
(2)句式升级(用with宾补结构升级)
There exist a lot of difficult problems to settle, so the newly－elected president is having a hard time.
→④With a lot of difficult problems to settle, the newly－elected president is having a hard time.
后记牢
settle down to (doing) sth. 开始专注于某事物；着手认真做某事
settle in/into 安顿下来；(使)适应(新家、工作环境等)
settle a problem/an argument 解决问题/争议
reach/arrive at a settlement 达成协议
2.manage to do设法做
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①No matter what happened, I tried to finish my task on schedule. Luckily, with my teacher's timely help, I managed to finish it ahead of time. (try/manage)
②Such a naughty child is really hard to manage (manage)．
③That's not a hard job. I'm sure I can manage myself.manage后加it
(2)单句写作
一个人不论他生活中的日程有多么满，总是能设法做更多的事情。
④One can always manage to do more things, no matter how full one's schedule is in life.
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后记牢
(1)manage sb. 设法对付某人
manage sth. 经营/管理某物
manage it 能做到
make it 做成
(2)manage to do sth.＝succeed in doing sth. 成功地做了某事
try to do sth. 尽力做某事
◆佳句You need to manage your time more effectively.你应该学会更有效地利用自己的时间。
3.They were not leaving for Montreal until later, so they went on a tour of the city.她们要晚些时候才动身去蒙特利尔，因此就在多伦多市内游览了一番。
句型公式 not ... until ...“直到……才…… ”
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①He didn't consider having a holiday abroad until he retired from teaching three years ago.
②Not until then I really realize the value of friendship.then后加did
(2)句式升级(将练习①按以下要求升级)
③Not until he retired from teaching three years ago did he consider having a holiday abroad.(倒装句)
④It was not until he retired from teaching three years ago that he considered having a holiday abroad. (强调句)
后记牢
(1)not ... until ... 直到……才……
(2)在“not ... until ...”句型结构中，如not until置句首，主句主谓用部分倒装。
(3)“not ... until ...”句型的强调句式为“it is/was not until ... that ...”。
◆佳句Not until the next day did I find out the truth./It was not until the next day that I found out the truth.直到第二天，我才得知事情的真相。
4.Rather than take the aeroplane all the way, they decided to fly to Vancouver and then take the train from west to east across Canada.她们不想一路乘飞机，而是决定先飞到温哥华，再从西海岸乘火车横穿加拿大到达东海岸。
句型公式 rather than “与其；不愿”，连接并列成分
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①I think Tom, rather than you, is (be) to blame.
②He came running all the way rather than walking (walk)．
③I prefer to read books rather than watching TV series.watching→watch
④He worked till late last night, and rather, early this morning.and→or
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(2)句型转换
They would rather go fishing than stay at home.
→⑤They would go fishing rather than stay at home.
→⑥Rather than stay at home they would go fishing.
后记牢
(1)rather than 连接两个并列成分，后接名词、代词、介词(短语)、形容词、副词、v.－ing形式或不定式。
(2)rather than连接两个并列主语，谓语动词与rather than前面的主语的数一致。
(3)or rather 更确切地说
would rather (not) do 宁愿(不)做
other than 除……之外没有
◆佳句It's better to express your anger, rather than bottle it up.
把怒气发泄出来更好，而不是憋在心里。
The Great Wall is one of the most impressive tourist destinations, attracting tens of thousands of visitors from home and abroad every year. However, it was not until I settled down and lived in Beijing that I managed to visit the Great Wall. Rather than take the cable car to the top, I climbed to the top by myself, which was really a wonderful experience.
集训新思路
四 维 夯 基
本部分练习中加黑体词语是必修3 Unit 4的词汇复现，如有遗忘，请及时回顾。
Ⅰ.在空白处填入1个适当的单词或所给单词的正确形式——热考用法
1．After the violent typhoon, some tall trees, (measure) more than 10 meters, were blown down.
答案与解析 measuring some tall trees 与measure是逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词作后置定语。
2．Recently, scientists (confirm) that such harmful gases do exist in the planet.
答案与解析 have confirmed 句中时间状语是Recently，故谓语动词用现在完成时，故填have confirmed。
3．It was her turn to make a speech, but she felt a (mix) feeling of excitement and fear.
答案与解析 mixed 设空后是名词feeling，应用形容词，故填mixed，意为“混杂的”。
4．Their daughter has a gift language while their son is a (gift) pianist.
答案与解析 for; gifted 第一空是固定短语have a gift for ... “有……的天赋”；第二空在句中作定语修饰名词pianist, 应用形容词，故填gifted，意为“有天赋的”。
5．He became (wealth) in time through hard work and careful saving.
答案与解析 wealthy 设空在句中作表语，应用形容词，故填wealthy。
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6．The girl felt (terrify) at the big black cat and screamed for help.
答案与解析 terrified 设空在句中作表语，说明主语The girl的心理感受，应用以－ed结尾的形容词，故填terrified，意为“害怕的”。
7．There were several (quiz) at school today, which made all the students exhausted.
答案与解析 quizzes 设空前是修饰语several，故可数名词quiz应用复数形式，quiz的复数形式是quizzes。
8．The puzzling story begins on a (mist) morning in October.
答案与解析 misty 设空后是名词morning，应用形容词作定语，故填misty，意为“有薄雾的”。
9．The tourist attractions are easy reach of the hotel, thus making it convenient for us to get around.
答案与解析 within within easy reach of “在……附近，在……容易到达的地方”。
10．Now that there is a little time left, we should settle down to (deal) with something urgent.
答案与解析 dealing settle down to doing sth.“开始认真做某事”，该短语中to 是介词，其后应接名词、代词或动名词作宾语。
Ⅱ.用括号内动词的正确形式填空——不规则变化
1．She used to spend hours on the phone (chat) with her friends.
答案与解析 chatting spend time (in) doing sth.“花时间做某事”， 故该空应填chat的动名词chatting。chat(聊天)—chatted—chatted—chatting。
2．(2016·浙江卷)While they (chat), my father would lift my sister and me up to sit on the top of the fridge.
答案与解析 chatted 设空处所填谓语动词表过去发生的动作，应用一般过去时，故填过去式chatted。
3．I (catch) sight of my biology teacher while I was out shopping that day.
答案与解析 caught 从句谓语动词是一般过去时，故主句谓语用一般过去时，故填caught。catch sight of “看见”。catch (看见；捉住)—caught —caught—catching。
4．That night as they (sleep), the train rushed across the top of Lake Superior.
答案与解析 slept 设空所填谓语动词与主句谓语动词rushed时态一致，应用一般过去时，故填slept。sleep(睡觉)—slept—slept—sleeping。
5．They (meet) Lin Lei around dusk in downtown Chinatown and then went for supper together.
答案与解析 met 设空所填谓语动词与并列谓语动词went时态一致，应用一般过去时，故填met。meet (遇见)—met—met—meeting。
Ⅲ.改正下列句子中的唯一错误——易错混用
1．Go to eastward, and you will pass mountains and thousands of lakes and forests.
答案与解析 去掉to go eastward“向东”，eastward是副词，前面不加介词。
2．I always prefer to start early rather than leaving everything to the last minute.
答案与解析 leaving→leave prefer to do sth. rather than do sth.“宁愿做某事而不愿做某事”，在该句型中，rather than后接动词原形。
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3．He looks more gentle than any other students in his class.
答案与解析 students→student “比较级＋than＋any other ＋名词”，表“比其他任何……都……”，在该句型中名词用单数形式，故students改为student。
4．He looked very pleasing with the mild climate there.
答案与解析 pleasing→pleased 在句中作表语，说明主语He的心理感受，应用以－ed结尾的形容词，故pleasing 改为pleased。be pleased with ...“对……感到满意”。
5．I walked as farther as the lake then decided to turn back.
答案与解析 farther→far as far as ...“远到……”，是固定短语。
6．To our delight, the biologist no longer keeps his neighbours at the distance.
答案与解析 第二个the→a keep sb. at a distance“与某人保持距离”， 是固定短语。
7．Accompanied by the physicist, the man went to downtown after work.
答案与解析 去掉to go downtown“去城里”。
8．I'm interested in those hot topic mentioned in the passage.
答案与解析 topic→topics 可数名词topic前是those，故topic应用复数形式。
9．I'm slight upset that she forgot my birthday.
答案与解析 slight→slightly 修饰形容词upset，应用副词作状语。
10．Not impressing with the quality of your goods, I will certainly not advise others to buy them.
答案与解析 impressing→impressed be impressed with ...“对……印象深刻”， 在句中作状语，应用过去分词形式。
Ⅳ.根据语境选出画线部分的正确含义——熟词生义
A. unclear B. wide C. makes no difference
1．As far as I know, she has a very broad range of interests. B
2．It doesn't make the slightest difference whether we discuss it today or tomorrow. C
3．Without my glasses, everything is misty. A
写 作 提 能
用本单元词汇、句式和语法知识写满分作文
假如你是李华，你班每节英语课前3分钟是同学们的英语口语风采展示时间。明天轮到你进行口语展示，请根据以下要点写一份发言稿，简要介绍温哥华。词数80左右。
①被太平洋和落基山脉环绕，气候非常湿润；②有世界上最古老的森林，一些树木高达90多米；③自然风光独特，被誉为加拿大最美城市；④很多人来温哥华定居，人口快速增长。
(一)根据提示利用本单元所学知识补全短文
Hi, everybody, today I'm happy to introduce to you a wonderful city in Canada, Vancouver.
Vancouver ①is surrounded by the Pacific Ocean and the Rocky mountains (被太平洋和落基山脉环绕). The weather there is wet and warm, which is suitable for trees to grow. ❶Vancouver has the oldest and the most beautiful forests in the world, and ②some trees even measure more than 90 meters tall (一些树木高达90多米).
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❷Its unique scenery is so impressive that it is said to be ③more beautiful than any other city in Canada (比加拿大其他任何城市都美).
④Many people manage to move there to settle down (很多人设法来这里定居), making the population increase quickly. If you like traveling, Vancouver is a better choice.
That's all for my introduction. Thank you.
(二)按要求升级词汇和句式
1．用本单元所学词汇升级加波浪线词汇
happy→pleased
2．按要求升级句式
(1)利用独立主格结构升级句❶
Vancouver has the oldest and the most beautiful forests in the world, some trees even measuring more than 90 meters tall.
(2)利用倒装句升级句❷
So impressive is its unique scenery that it is said to be more beautiful than any other city in Canada.
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必修4
Unit 1 Women of achievement
基础巧回顾
见学生用书P086
单词巧练
写准并记牢
高考与教材
重点单词
1.shade n．[C，U]荫；阴凉处vt.遮住光线
2.campaign n. [C] 运动；战役vi.作战；参加运动
3.respect vt.&n. 尊敬；尊重；敬意→(熟词生义)遵守→respectable adj.值得尊敬的；体面的→respectful adj.恭敬的；有礼貌的
4.argue vt.& vi.讨论；辩论；争论→argument n．[C, U]争论；争辩；争吵
5.behave vt.& vi.举动；表现→behaviour n．[C, U]行为；举止；习性
6.observe vt.观察；观测；遵守→(熟词生义)庆祝→observation n．[U]观察；观测
7.intend vt.计划；打算→intention n．[C, U]目的；意图
8.support n．& vt.支持；拥护→supportive adj.支持的→supporter n．[C]支持者
9.achievement n．[C]成就；功绩→achieve vt.取得；实现
10.connection n．[C]连接；关系→connect vt.联系→connected adj.有联系的
11.crowd n．[C]人群；观众 vt.挤满；使拥挤→crowded adj.拥挤的
12.refer vi.谈到；查阅；参考→reference n．[U]查阅；参考
13.inspire vt.鼓舞；激发；启示→inspiring adj.鼓舞人心的 →inspired adj.受鼓舞的 →inspiration n．[U]灵感；鼓舞
Ⅰ.高考与单句填空
1.(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible crowds (crowd) on the roads above.
2.(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)Since 1962, Pacific Science Center has been inspiring/has inspired (inspire) a passion (热情) for discovery and lifelong learning in science, math and technology.
3.(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)The journey was intended to achieve (achieve) more than what Captain Robert Falcon Scott had done.
4.(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)Nature is the biggest inspiration. I'm always inspired by things of beauty and harmony. (inspire)
5.(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)They had little respect for their grandparents.
6.(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)Then, handle the most important tasks first so you'll feel a real sense of achievement (achieve)．
Ⅱ.教材与单句改错(每题最多2处错误)
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14.considerate adj.考虑周到的→consider vt.考虑；体谅→consideration n．[U]考虑；体谅
15.deliver vt.递送；生；接生；发表→delivery n. [U]递送
16.organization n．[C]组织；机构；团体→organize vt.组织→organized adj.有组织的；有条理的
阅读单词
17.emergency n．突发事件；紧急情况
18.specialist n．专家；专业工作者
19.entertainment n．款待；娱乐；娱乐表演
20.worthwhile adj.值得的；值得做的
1.Instead she made sure about 50,000 babies safely delivered.babies后加were
2.What made her succeed later on was the kindness and considerate she showed to all her patients.considerate→consideration
3.She spent years observing on and recording their daily activities.去掉on
4.She has argued that wild animals would be left in the wild and not used for entertainment or advertisements.would→should或去掉would
5.I looked carefully at the text and realized that it was intending for women in the countryside.intending→intended
短语巧练
写准并记牢
高考与教材
1.move off 离开；起程；出发
2.lead/live a ... life 过着……的生活
3.crowd in (想法、问题等)涌上心头；涌入脑海；大批涌入
4.look down upon/on 蔑视；瞧不起
5.refer to 查阅；参考；谈到
6.by chance 碰巧；凑巧
7.come across (偶然)遇见；碰见
8.carry on 继续；坚持；进行
9.devote ... to ... 献身于……；专心于……
10.work out 解决；制订；锻炼身体；结果是
Ⅰ.高考与单句填空
1.(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)They come across the personal anxiety their parents may be experiencing.
2.(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)Football season started in September and all summer long I worked out.
3.(全国卷)When I am faced with a difficulty, I usually choose to refer to relevant learning materials or web pages.
Ⅱ.教材与单句改错(每题最多2处错误)
1.By chances I came across of an article about a doctor called Lin Qiaozhi.chances→chance; 去掉of
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2.Many people look down poor people.poor前加on/upon
3.She devoted all her life in medical work for Chinese women and children.in→to
句式仿写
原句背诵
我会仿写
1.“Only＋after引导的状语从句”置于句首，主句主谓应部分倒装
Only after her mother came to help her for the first few months was she allowed to begin her project.
她母亲头几个月来帮她的忙，这才使她得以开始自己的计划。
1.我离开家去上大学之后，我才意识到我是多么想家。
Only after I left home for college did I realize how much I missed it.
2.once引导条件状语从句，意为“一旦……就……”
Once I stop, it all comes crowding in and I remember the chimps in laboratories.
我一旦停下来，所有的一切都会涌上心头，我就会想起实验室里的黑猩猩。
2.一旦我们有共同的兴趣，友谊便开始形成了。
Once we have a common interest, a friendship can begin.
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3.“It hits/hit sb.＋从句”表“某人突然想起……”
Suddenly it hit me how difficult it was for a woman to get medical training at that time.
我突然想起在那个年代，一个女子去学医是多么困难啊。
3.(2016·全国卷Ⅲ满分作文)我突然想到我忘记我们的约定了。
It suddenly hit me that I had forgotten our appointment.
重点全突破
Part 1 重点单词
1.behave vt.&vi. (behaved, behaved, behaving) 举动；(举止或行为)表现
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①Though he was a little boy, he behaved (behave) quite well at the ceremony.
②Students should be encouraged to develop good habits and behave them.them→themselves
(2)单句写作
我认为我们大家都应该注意在公共场所的行为举止。
③I think all of us should mind our behaviour in public places.
后记牢
(1)behave well/badly to/towards sb. 对待某人好或差
behave oneself/well 守规矩；表现得体
(2)mind one's behaviour 注意举止
◆佳句They behaved well to the guests, which was highly thought of.
他们对客人很礼貌，这得到了人们的高度评价。
2.observe vt. (observed, observed, observing) 观察；观测；注意到；遵守；庆祝
先试做
[一词多义]写出下列句中黑体部分的含义
①(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)This educational method was first observed in 2012 by Sonia Kleindorfer.观察
②(2015·江苏卷)It is everybody's duty to observe the traffic rules to keep our society in order.遵守
③It is a tradition for the people here to observe the Spring Festival.庆祝
④The thief was observed to get away with much money.注意到
后记牢
(1)observe sb. do sth. 观察某人做某事(全过程)
observe sb. doing sth. 观察某人正在做某事
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observe that/wh－从句 ... 观察到……；注意到……
(2)under observation 正在被观察
◆佳句It was observed that successful people spent a lot more time reading than they did watching Tv.据观察，成功人士花在阅读上的时间比看电视的时间多很多。
3.respect n．①[U]尊敬；②[复数]问候；③ [C]方面 (pl. respects)∥vt. (respected, respected, respecting) 尊敬；尊重；遵守
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①In this respect, new technologies have shaped our culture.
②He was such a selfless man that he was respected (respect) by us.
③Please give my respect to your parents.respect→respects
(2)一句多译
我们应该尊重致力于美化我们城市的工人。
④We should show respect for the workers who devote themselves to beautifying our city. (respect n．)
⑤We should respect the workers who devote themselves to beautifying our city.(respect vt.)
后记牢
(1)respect sb. for sth. 因某事而尊重某人
(2)show/have respect for ... 尊敬/重视……
in this/that respect 在这/那方面
in respect of/with respect to 关于
give/send one's respects to 代某人问候
◆佳句With respect to your other suggestions, I'm still not able to give you our decisions.至于你的其他建议，我还无法告诉你我们的决定。
4.argue vi.&vt. (argued, argued, arguing) 争论；争辩；主张；说服
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①It is argued (argue) that steps be taken to make the road safer.
②I argue that everyone tries to help those in need.tries→try
(2)一句多译
我们想方设法劝说他接受我们的建议，但都是徒劳。
③We tried many ways to argue him into following our advice, but in vain.(argue)
④We tried many ways to persuade him into following/to follow our advice, but in vain.(persuade)
⑤We tried many ways to talk him into following our advice, but in vain.(talk)
后记牢
(1)argue for/against 据理主张/反对
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argue that ...(should) do sth. 主张……
argue with sb.on/about/over sth.与某人争辩某事
argue/talk/persuade sb.into/out of doing sth.
说服某人做/不做某事
(2)beyond argument 无可争辩
◆佳句It is beyond argument that he will argue for cutting the budget.
他会据理主张削减预算，这是无可争辩的。
5.intend vt. (intended, intended, intending) 计划；打算
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①I intend to join/joining (join) a Dragon Boat Training Camp.
②Peter intended to take a job in business, but abandoned that plan later.intended前加had
(2)句式升级
The programme, which was intended to help the homeless, was set up.
→③The programme, intended to help the homeless, was set up.(分词作定语)
→④The programme was set up with the intention of helping the homeless.(介词短语)
后记牢
(1)intend doing/to do sth. 打算做某事
intend sb. to do sth. 打算让某人做某事
had intended to do sth. 本打算做某事
(2)be intended for ... 专为……而设计；专供……使用的
(3)be intended to be/do sth. 为……打算(或设计)的
(4)with an/the intention of ... 打算……
◆佳句 The book is intended for children.
这书是给孩子们读的。
6.support n．[U]支持；拥护；资助∥vt. (supported, supported, supporting)支持；拥护；支撑；供养；资助；证实
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①I had to work really hard to support (support) my family.
②We'll support with you heart and soul in your new experiment.去掉with
(2)一句多译
这些措施得到了人们的大力支持。
③The measures are strongly supported by people. (support v.)
④People are strongly in support of the measures.(support n．)
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后记牢
(1)support sb./a family 支持某人/供养家庭
support sb.in (doing) sth. 支持某人(做)某事
(2)in support of sb./sth. 支持/证明某人/某物
◆佳句Financially supported by the government, the research eventually turned out to be a great success.得到了政府的资助，这项研究最终大获成功。
When she took charge of the class, she observed that some students behaved badly and some were always arguing with others. She then came up with a plan which was intended to transform those students into good ones. Supported by her family, she carried on her plan. Amazingly, she earned respect from her students, all of whom later grew to be confident, considerate and well－behaved.
Part 2 短语与句型
1．look down upon/on 蔑视；轻视；瞧不起
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①I often look up the words I don't know in the dictionary or on the Internet.
②They all looked him as a member of his family.looked后加on/upon
(2)单句写作
我尊敬这个艺术家是因为他的作品令人鼓舞。
③The reason why I look up to the artist is that his works are inspiring.
后记牢
look up to 尊敬；仰视
look on/upon ... as ... 把……看作……
look into 调查；观察；窥视
look up 抬头看；查阅
look through 浏览；仔细查看
◆佳句Never look down on people not superior to you.不要轻视不如你的人。
2.refer to (referred, referred, referring) 提及；谈到；参考；查阅；提交；把……称作……
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①He delivered a speech without referring (refer) to his notes.
②In reference (refer) to further information, contact us by phoning.
③The man referred to last night turning up at last.turning→turned
(2)词汇升级(用本单元所学高级词汇升级黑体词汇)
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④The discovery was called the most exciting new development in this field.referred to as
后记牢
(1)refer to ... as ... 把……称作……
refer ... to ... 把……提交给……
(2)refer to 谈到；参考
refer to a book/dictionary 查阅书/字典
look up ... in ... 在……中查阅……
(3)in/with reference to 关于；至于
◆佳句As the situation was unusual, he referred the matter to the editor.由于情况非同寻常，他把这个问题交给编辑处理。
3.Once I stop, it all comes crowding in and I remember the chimps in laboratories.我一旦停下来，所有的一切都会涌上心头，我就会想起实验室里的黑猩猩。
句型公式 主句＋once引导的条件状语从句，“一旦……就……”
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①Once students settle down, the teacher will have the lecture given.
②You will be (be)successful in the interview once you have confidence.
③Once you form a bad habit, and it will be hard to get rid of it.去掉and
(2)句式升级(用省略句升级)
Once it is lost, the good chance may never come again.
→④Once lost, the good chance may never come again.
后记牢
(1)once引导条件状语从句，如主句用一般将来时，则从句用一般现在时。
(2)若once引导的从句的主语与主句主语一致，且从句中含be动词的某种形式时，可省略从句中的主语和be动词。
◆佳句， he would hit on the way to escape.
一旦有危险，他总能想出逃脱的方法。
4.Suddenly it hit me how difficult it was for a woman to get medical training at that time.我突然想起在那个年代，一个女子去学医是多么困难啊。
句型公式 It hit(s) sb.＋从句，“某人突然想起……”
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①It hits me that nothing is more precious than health.
② It didn't occur him that she would refuse his invitation.occur后加to或occur→hit/strike
(2)一句多译
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我突然想起那天下午我有个重要的班会要参加。
③It hit me that I had an important class meeting to attend that afternoon.(hit)
④It occurred to me that I had an important class meeting to attend that afternoon.(occur)
⑤It struck me that I had an important class meeting to attend that afternoon.(strike)
后记牢
It occurs/occurred to sb.that ... (某人)突然想到……
It strikes/struck sb.that... (某人)突然想到……
It happens/happened that ... 碰巧……
◆佳句 It happens that he told me not to depend on fortune, but on conduct.
碰巧他告诉我不要依赖运气，要靠自己的行动。
My mother is a respected woman, who never looks down on any people. Besides, she is so strict with me that she always reminds me not to refer to notes in any exams. Now I have grown up and become more independent, but once I come across setbacks, my mother will always encourage me to carry on. Therefore, it occurs to me that nobody is happier than I because I have such a good mother.
集训新思路
四 维 夯 基
本部分练习中加黑体词语是必修3 Unit 5的词汇复现，如有遗忘，请及时回顾。
Ⅰ.在空白处填入1个适当的单词或所给单词的正确形式——热考用法
1．The teacher inspires his students (give) their opinions rather than just listen to him.
答案与解析 to give inspire sb. to do sth.“鼓舞某人做某事”，不定式作宾补。
2．At dawn Bruce was observed (leave) the building and take a taxi away.
答案与解析 to leave be observed to do sth.“被观察做某事”，此时to不能省略。
3．I appreciate your (kind) in chatting with me.
答案与解析 kindness 设空前是形容词性物主代词your，故设空处填名词kindness。
4．To be a (special), you have to get a great deal of experience in a specific field.
答案与解析 specialist 设空前是冠词a，故设空填名词，根据语境“成为专家”，应填名词specialist，意为“专家”。
5．After a long (argue), we decided to go to Canada to enjoy the wonderful scenery.
答案与解析 argument 设空前是a long，故设空处应填单数名词。argue的名词形式是argument。
6．The lovely and (respect) teacher managed to finish the class in an interesting and lively way, which was greatly appreciated.
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答案与解析 respected 设空在句中作定语修饰名词teacher，respect与teacher是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词作定语。
7．He managed to confirm that it was worthwhile (buy) the house.
答案与解析 buying/to buy It is worthwhile to do/doing sth.“值得做某事”。
8．As far as I'm concerned, for those with family members far away, the phone is important in staying (connect)．
答案与解析 connected 设空前是系动词stay, 故设空应填形容词作表语。stay connected“保持联系”。
9．I had intended to get this book (deliver) to my schoolmate living in the distance.
答案与解析 delivered deliver与this book是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词作宾补。
10．He settled down in the back seat and the car moved at a great speed.
答案与解析 off move off“启程；出发”，是固定的动词短语。
Ⅱ.用括号内动词的正确形式填空——不规则变化
1．(2016·天津卷)When walking down the street, I (come) across David, whom I hadn't seen for years.
答案与解析 came 根据语境可知“遇见大卫”是发生在“许多年没见面”之后，应用一般过去时，故填came。come across“偶遇”。come (来)—came—come—coming。
2．The manager (refer) to the problem before he spoke at the business meeting.
答案与解析 had referred before引导的时间状语从句谓语是一般过去时，故主句用过去完成时。refer to“提到”。refer(提到)—referred—referred—referring。
3．I discovered that Lin Qiaozhi had devoted her whole life to her patients and (choose) not to have a family of her own.
答案与解析 had chosen 设空所填谓语与句中已有谓语动词had devoted时态一致，应用过去完成时，故填had chosen。choose(选择)—chose—chosen —choosing。
Ⅲ.改正下列句子中的唯一错误——易错混用
1．Pleasing scenes of the past crowded in him while he was reading her letter.
答案与解析 in后加on sth. crowd in on sb.“某事涌入某人的脑海”。
2．Though having lived abroad for years, many Chinese still observe in the traditional customs.
答案与解析 去掉in observe“遵守”，是及物动词，后面直接接宾语，故介词in多余。
3．It didn't hit him she would manage to visit him in the frosty morning.
答案与解析 she前加that It hit sb. that ...“某人突然想起……”。
4．In many cases, an adult's interest might have to be placed the second to a child's needs.
答案与解析 去掉the second to“亚于；次于”，是固定短语。
5．Only then I impressed by the boy who had a gift for music.
答案与解析 then后加was “only＋表时间的副词”置于句首，主谓部分倒装。根据时间状语then可知，谓语动词用一般过去时，又表“对……印象深刻”应用be impressed by，故在then后加助动词was。
6．The room was crowding with children, who were pleased with the wonderful toys.
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答案与解析 crowding→crowded be crowded with ... “挤满……”。
7．It is considerate for you to help me carry the baggage.
答案与解析 for→of It is considerate of sb. to do sth.“某人做某事是体贴的”。
8．He supported of the government in its measures to protect the surroundings.
答案与解析 去掉of support“支持”，是及物动词，后面直接接宾语，故介词of多余。
9．He remained modesty even though he had achieved a great deal in the field of science.
答案与解析 modesty→modest remain是系动词，其后应接形容词作表语。modesty是名词，意为“谦虚”； modest是形容词，意为“谦虚的”。
10．(2017·浙江卷)They had encouraged Mac to carry a conversation with her, and they would catch up with him soon.
答案与解析 carry后加on carry on a conversation“继续谈话”。
Ⅳ.根据语境选出画线部分的正确含义——熟词生义
A. reasonable B. observe C. ignore
1．In reality, few drivers respect the rules. B
2．The coat was sold at a modest price so I bought it at once. A
小题补练
Ⅰ.短文改错
There is a widespread concern among us students about if an admission fee should be charged for local parks. 60% of us holds the opinion that it's not proper to do so. A park is supposed to be a place where the public can relax them. Besides, working out in the open air are both physically and mentally beneficial. If an admission fee must be paid by the visitors, it is necessarily to build a gate and surrounding walls. In that case, the park doesn't look on attractive any more. However, the rest of my classmates does not share same opinion. They say the money from all the ticket can be used for paying the gardeners and make some repairs.
答案与解析
There is a widespread concern among us students about an admission fee should be charged for local parks. 60% of us the opinion that it's not proper to do so. A park is supposed to be a place where the public can relax Besides, working out in the open air both physically and mentally beneficial. If an admission fee must be paid by the visitors, it is to build a gate and surrounding walls. In that case, the park doesn't look attractive any more. However, the rest of my classmates not share same opinion. They say the money from all the can be used for paying the gardeners and
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some repairs.
①if→whether 根据语境“学生们普遍担心当地公园是否收门票”，可知从句在语意上缺少“是否”；引导名词性从句，用于介词之后表“是否”时只能用whether。
②holds→hold “分数/百分数＋名词/代词”作主语时，谓语动词的数与名词的数一致，根据本句主语60% of us可知谓语动词用复数形式。
③them→themselves the public 与relax的宾语指的是同一名词，应用反身代词。relax oneself“放松”。
④are→is 动名词作主语，谓语动词用单数形式，故are改为is。
⑤necessarily→necessary 考查形容词。在句中作表语，应用形容词。it is necessary to do sth.“做某事是必要的”。
⑥去掉on 考查动词用法。在本句中look是系动词，后面直接接形容词作表语，故介词on多余。
⑦does→do “the rest of ＋复数名词”作主语，谓语动词用复数形式。
⑧same前加the the same指“相同的”， 是固定用法。
⑨ticket→tickets ticket是可数名词。根据其前的all the可知ticket应用复数形式。
⑩make→making be used for doing sth.“被用来做某事”， 介词for后接两个并列的动名词作宾语，故make改为making。
Ⅱ.语法填空
When Elizabeth married Joseph Fry, it seemed as if she would lead 1. comfortable and peaceful life.
However, Elizabeth was not content with her easy life. 2. (see) many poor people living near her, she wanted to help them.
One day she was asked to visit a prison. At first the prison officers did not want to let her visit the women prisoners for fear that the prisoners would attack her, but Elizabeth was not afraid. 3. hit her that the prisoners behaved badly because they were looked down on. They had no beds, clean clothes, food or heating. Any child born in prison had to stay there and had no chance of an education. This meant they would 4. (probable) have to beg or steal when they grew up and then would return to prison. So the first thing Elizabeth did was to provide food, clean clothes and straw for beds. Later she began a prison school for the children and taught the women to sew, knit and make goods to sell. In this way they were able to make a little money and gain some self－respect. Her 5. (kind) helped her gain the friendship of the prisoners and they began to try to improve their conditions for 6. (they). Later Elizabeth went to the leaders of Britain to discuss how to improve the conditions for prisoners.
Certainly she did not do all the work on her own. Other Quaker women helped her and went around the country raising money for her work. Some people did not like her ideas and argued that she 7. (spend) more time with her family. Other people said she enjoyed being famous too much. However, her husband, Joseph, 8. (support) and encouraged her, so she carried on 9. (work) to help improve the lives of poor prisoners till she died. Her ideas did not disappear after her death and her work was remembered the year of 1947 10. the Quakers were given the Nobel Peace Prize.
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答案与解析
1．a 考查固定短语。lead a(n) ... life“过着……的生活”。
2．Seeing 考查非谓语动词。she与see是逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词作状语。
3．It 考查固定句式。it hit sb. that ... “某人突然想到……”。
4．probably 考查词性转换。设空在句中作状语，修饰谓语have to beg or steal，应用副词，故填probably。
5．kindness 考查词性转换。设空前是形容词性物主代词Her，故该空填名词kindness。
6．themselves 考查代词。for oneself“为自己”。
7．(should) spend 考查虚拟语气。argue后接宾语从句时，从句谓语动词用should＋动词原形，should可以省略。
8．supported 考查时态。设空处所填谓语时态与and后的encouraged时态一致，应用一般过去时，故填supported。
9．working 考查非谓语动词。carry on doing sth.“继续做某事”。
10．when 考查定语从句。定语从句先行词是the year of 1947，表时间，从句中缺少时间状语，故用关系副词when引导定语从句。
写 作 提 能
用本单元词汇、句式和语法知识写满分作文
假定你是李华，你校英文报正在征稿，题目是“The Most Impressive Woman in My Life”，请你写一篇稿件，投给校英文报。内容包括：
①这位女士的特点；②这位女士给你的影响。
注意：①词数100左右；②可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
(一)根据提示利用本单元所学知识补全短文(无提示处请填写适当的过渡词汇：most importantly、besides)
The Most Impressive Woman in My Life
When it comes to the most impressive woman in my life, ❶I suddenly think that my English teacher Miss Zhao, a caring lady, is the most impressive one.
As a teacher, ①she has devoted her whole life to teaching (她毕生致力于教学). ②Besides, ❷she has written many articles, and some of them ③are intended for students poor in English (针对英语薄弱的学生). ④Most importantly, ⑤the kindness and consideration (关爱和体贴) she shows to all her students make her respected. Thanks to her help, I became interested in English, without which I couldn't have achieved so much.
Such is Miss Zhao, an excellent teacher who makes a deep impression on me and ⑥wins my respect (赢得我的尊重)．
(二)按要求升级词汇和句式
1．用本单元所学词汇升级加波浪线词汇
caring→considerate
2．按要求升级句式
(1)利用“it hit sb. that...”升级句❶
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it hits me that my English teacher Miss Zhao, a caring lady, is the most impressive one.
(2)利用“介词＋which”引导的非限制性定语从句升级句❷
she has written many articles, some of which are intended for students poor in English
Unit 2 rking the land
基础巧回顾
见学生用书P092
单词巧练
写准并记牢
高考与教材
重点单词
1.decade n．[C] 十年；十年期
2.summary n．[C]总结；摘要；概要
3.struggle vi.&n.[C，U]斗争；拼搏；努力
4.regret vt.遗憾；懊悔 n. [C，U] 遗憾；懊悔
5.comment n．[C，U]评论；议论 vi.& vt.表达意见；作出评论
6.expand vt.& vi. 使变大；伸展→expansion n. [C，U] 扩大；扩张；扩充
7.focus n．[C，U] 焦点；中心点 vt.集中；聚焦→focus(s)ed adj.专注的；注意力集中的
8.equip vt.& vi.配备；装备→equipment n．[U]设备→equipped adj.有装备的；有准备的
9.confuse vt.使迷惑；使为难→confusing adj.令人迷惑的→confused adj.感到迷惑的→confusion n．[U]迷惑
10.disturbing adj.引起烦恼的；令人不安的→disturbed adj.烦恼的→disturb vt.扰乱；打扰
11.freedom n．[U]自由；自主→free adj.自由的；免费的→freely ad v.自由地
12.export vt.& vi.输出；出口→(反义词)import vt.& vi.输入；进口
13.reduce vt.减少；减缩→(反义词)increase v.增加
14.discovery n．[C]发现；发觉→discover vt.发现；发觉→discoverer n．[C]发现者
高考与教材
Ⅰ.高考与单句填空
1.(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)Unfortunately, you must carry the necessary equipment (equip) with you.
2.(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)We found that in 30mph zones they struggled to keep (keep) at a constant speed.
3.(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)A Toronto man is offering a free (freedom) round－the－world air ticket to the right woman.
4.(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)They can get the hint (暗示) that when the door is closed, you're not to be disturbed (disturb)．
5.(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)Most of us are more focused on our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day.
6.(2015·全国卷Ⅰ)My 10－year－old noticed him and made a comment on how bad it must be to have to stand outside in the cold wind.
Ⅱ.教材与单句改错(每题最多2处错误)
1.Hunger at that time was a
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15.hunger n．[U]饥饿；(常用单数)欲望 vt.& vi. (使)饥饿→hungry adj.饥饿的→hungrily ad v.饥饿地；贪婪地
16.nationality n. [C]国籍→national adj.国家的；民族的→nation n. [C]民族；国家
阅读单词
17.therefore ad v.因此；所以；因而
18.occupation n．工作；职业；占领
19.circulate vt.& vi.循环；流传
disturbed problem in many parts of the countryside.disturbed→disturbing
2.He therefore gives millions of yuan to equip with others for their research in agriculture.去掉with
3.With these discovery, some farmers and many customers are beginning to turn to organic farming.discovery→discoveries
4.Dr. Yuan searched for a way to increase rice harvests without expand the area of the fields. expand→expanding
5.A healthy soil reduces to disease and helps crops grow strong and healthy.去掉to
短语巧练
写准并记牢
高考与教材
1.thanks to 幸亏；由于；因为
2.rid ... of 使……摆脱或除去
3.be satisfied with 对……感到满意
4.would rather 宁愿；宁可
5.build up 逐渐增强；建立；开发
6.lead to 导致；造成(后果)
7.focus on 集中(注意力、精力等)于
8.keep ... free from/of 使……免受(影响、伤害等)；使……不含(有害物)
Ⅰ.高考与单句填空
1.(2015·全国卷Ⅱ)To get rid of this noise, I had to change to another channel and then change it back.
2.(2015·全国卷Ⅰ)This led to some painful experiences on Saturday as they played against teams better trained.
3.(2014·全国卷Ⅰ)Thanks to digital technology and the widely available Internet, Turin notes that the endangered languages can be saved.
Ⅱ.教材与单句改错(每题最多2处错误)
1.Dr. Yuan is quite satisfying with his life.satisfying→satisfied
2.This also keeps the air, soil, water and crops freely from chemicals.freely→free
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句式仿写
原句背诵
我会仿写
1.if so意为“如果是这样的话”，是if引导的条件状语从句的省略形式
If so, what did you do to grow them？
如果是这样的话，你怎样来种植这些植物？
1.(2017·浙江6月卷)这个周日你有空吗？如果有，和我们一起远足吧。
Will you be available this Sunday? If so, join in our outing.
2.would rather (not) do sth.“宁愿(不)做……”
He would much rather keep time for his hobbies.
他宁愿把时间花在自己的爱好上。
2.我今晚宁愿待在家中看点书。
I would rather stay at home and do some reading this evening.
3.the first/last/best/right/only/very ... ＋n.＋to do sth.“第一个/最后一个/最好的一个/合适的/唯一的/恰好的……做某事的人/物”
In 1973, he became the first agricultural pioneer in the world to grow rice that has a high output.
1973年，他成了世界上第一位种植高产水稻的农业先锋。
3.中国是第一个发射量子卫星的国家。
China is the first country to launch a quantum－enabled satellite into space.
4.“make it＋adj.＋动词不定式”结构
This special strain of rice makes it possible to produce 20% more of the crop in the same fields.
这种特殊的稻种使得同样的田地多收获20%的产量。
4.(2017·浙江6月卷)体内荷尔蒙水平的改变使青少年很难在11点前入睡。
Changing levels of hormones makes it hard for teenagers to fall asleep before 11 p．m.
重点全突破
Part 1 重点单词
1.struggle vi. (struggled, struggled, struggling) 努力；挣扎；拼搏∥n.[C](pl. struggles)斗争；奋斗；难事
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先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①(2017·江苏卷)Gabriel would look pityingly at music students, struggling (struggle) across the campus with their heavy instrument cases.
②(2016·北京卷) Many students will struggle to find (find) a sense of belonging.
③We have to struggle against/with various difficulties for freedom.
④It is struggle for her to make herself understood.struggle前加a
(2)句式升级(用分词作状语升级句式)
Dina had struggled for months to find a job, and finally took a position at a local advertising agency.
→⑤Having struggled for months to find a job, Dina finally took a position at a local advertising agency.
后记牢
(1)struggle for ... 为……而斗争
struggle with/against sb./sth. 与某人/某事做斗争
struggle to do sth. 努力做某事
struggle to one's feet 挣扎着站起来
(2)it is a struggle (for sb.) to do sth.
(对于某人而言)做某事真是难事
◆佳句(有道词典)He tried to struggle to his feet, but failed.
他努力挣扎着站起来，但失败了。
2.equip vt.&vi.(equipped, equipped, equipping) 装备；配备
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①Our laboratory is well equipped (equip), which equips us to do (do) various experiments.
②The gym offers different equipments.equipments→equipment
(2)句式升级(按要求升级句式)
He is equipped with much experience in teaching, so he is respected by all his students.
→③Equipping himself with much experience in teaching, he is respected by all his students.(现在分词作状语)
→④Equipped with much experience in teaching, he is respected by all his students.(过去分词作状语)
后记牢
equip ... with ... 用……装备……
be equipped with ... 装备着……
equip ... for ... 为……武装/装备……
equip sb./sth. to do sth. 使某人/某物具备条件做某事
be well/fully/poorly equipped
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设备精良的/齐全的/较差的
◆佳句(全国卷) It is often said that human beings are naturally equipped to speak.
人们常说，人天生具有说话的能力。
3.regret v. (regretted, regretted, regretting) 可惜；后悔；遗憾；惋惜∥n.[C，U]遗憾；抱歉
先试做
(1)单句填空
①I regretted to tell (tell) him that he had been fired. To my surprise, he said “I have no regrets (regret). I only regret having taken/taking (take) the wrong job.”
(2)一句多译
(2016·全国卷Ⅲ满分作文)我很遗憾地告诉你我不能在约定的时间和你去书店了。
②I regret to tell you that I can't go to the book store with you at the appointed time. (regret to do)
③Much to my regret/To my great regret, I can't go to the book store with you at the appointed time. (to one's regret)
④It is with great regret that I tell you I can't go to the book store with you at the appointed time. (with great regret)
后记牢
(1)regret 后悔做了某事
regret to say/tell/inform ...that ... 遗憾地说/告知……
(2)with great regret 非常遗憾地
(much) to one's regret＝to one's (great) regret 令某人(很)遗憾的是
◆佳句It is with great regret that I say goodbye to you, but I never regret having spent such a wonderful time with you.和你分别我感到非常遗憾，但我不后悔与你共度了如此美好的时光。
4.focus vt. (focus(s)ed, focus(s)ed, focus(s)ing) 集中注意力；聚焦∥n.[C](pl.focuses/foci)&[U]焦点；关注点
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①(福建卷)By focusing on/upon saving oil, water, paper, food and clothing, we are playing a part on cutting down on waste.
②Health and environmental problems have increasingly become focus of concern.focus前加the
(2)一句多译
专注于工作，他没时间旅行。
③He focus(s)ed his energy on working, so he spared no time to travel.
④His energy was focus(s)ed on working, so he spared no time to travel. (被动语态)
⑤Focus(s)ing his energy on working, he spared no time to travel. (分词作状语)
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⑥With his energy focus(s)ed on working, he spared no time to travel. (with结构)
后记牢
(1)focus (...) on/upon ...集中(……)于……；聚焦(……)于……
focus one's attention/eyes/energy on ...集中注意力/目光/精力于……
(2)the focus of attention/concern 注意力/关注的焦点
one's focus on/upon ... 某人对……的关注
◆佳句 She is so focused in class that she can perform well in every subject.她上课注意力很集中因此每门功课都学得很好。
Part 2 短语与句型
1．lead to导致；造成(后果)；通向…… (to为介词，后接名词、代词或v.－ing 形式)
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①(牛津词典)As we all know, all roads lead to Rome.
②The new evidence led to the thief's caught.caught前加being
(2)句型转换
I make them practise speaking English in an interesting way.
→③I lead them to practise speaking English in an interesting way.
后记牢
lead sb. to do sth. 使某人做某事
lead sb. to ... 带着某人去/走向……
lead/live a ... life 过……样的生活
lead the way 引路；带路
◆佳句The leading figure is now leading a peaceful life in a seaside cottage.这个主要人物正在海边的村舍过着平静的生活。
2.If so, what did you do to grow them? 如果是这样的话，你怎样来种植这些植物？
句型公式 if so“如果这样的话”，是if引导的条件状语从句的省略形式，表示肯定意义；如果表示否定意义，则用if not
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①If possible, try to go to bed and wake up at the same time every day.
②Some of you may have finished Unit One. If not, you can go on to Unit Two.not→so
(2)句式升级(用省略句式升级)
If it's not convenient, let me know what time suits you best.
→③If not, let me know what time suits you best.
后记牢
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if not 如果不这样的话
if ever 如果有过/发生过的话
if any 如果有的话
if possible 如果有可能
if necessary 如果有必要
◆佳句The climate here is quite pleasant, the temperature rarely, if ever, reaching 30℃ in summer.
这里气候宜人，夏天气温很少达到30℃。
3.He would much rather keep time for his hobbies. 他宁愿把时间花在自己的爱好上。
句型公式 主语＋would rather (not) do sth. “……宁愿(不)做某事”
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①We would rather have followed (follow) his advice yesterday.
②We would rather our daughter stayed (stay) at home with us, but it is her choice, and she is not a child any longer.
③She would rather you come tomorrow than today.come→came
(2)一句多译
为了过低碳生活，我宁愿骑车而不是开车上班。
④To live a low－carbon life, I prefer cycling to driving to work.(prefer)
⑤To live a low－carbon life, I would rather cycle than drive to work.(would rather ...)
⑥To live a low－carbon life, I would cycle rather than drive to work.(would do ... rather than ...)
后记牢
(1)would rather do ... than do .../would do ... rather than do ...宁愿做……而不愿做……
(2)would rather ＋sb./sth. did ... (表对现在或将来的虚拟)
would rather ＋sb./sth. had done ... (表对过去的虚拟)
would rather have done 本想做……而未实现
◆佳句I'd rather not go climbing this weekend. Also, I'd rather you stayed home and read novels with me.这周末我不愿意去爬山。而且，我想让你和我一起待在家中看小说。
He would rather live a simple life than focus on such a boring job, which he thinks will eventually lead to his falling ill. If so, he would have to resign his position and just be satisfied with a simple life.
集训新思路
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四 维 夯 基
本部分练习中加黑体词语是必修4 Unit 1的词汇复现，如有遗忘，请及时回顾。
Ⅰ.在空白处填入1个适当的单词或所给单词的正确形式——热考用法
1．In the last decade, the project (expand) its welfare to support 12,000 poor students.
答案与解析 has expanded 设空在句中作谓语，又根据句中时间状语In the last decade可知，谓语动词用现在完成时，故填has expanded。
2．(2017·北京卷)She asked her mother why he did that, and her mother said that the man was homeless and (hunger)．
答案与解析 hungry 设空在句中作表语，应用形容词，故填hungry。
3．The specialist returned from Paris, only to find his office under Mary's (occupy)．
答案与解析 occupation 设空前是名词所有格，故设空处应填名词。occupation“占据”。
4．It is argued that house prices in big cities should (reduce) by 10%.
答案与解析 be reduced 主语house prices与reduce是被动关系，又因设空前是情态动词should，故填be reduced。
5．It is beyond argument that a balanced diet and proper exercise can keep you free disease.
答案与解析 from/of keep ... free from/of “使……免受(影响)”。
6．He had intended to buy those goods (export) to Europe.
答案与解析 exported export与those goods是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词作定语。
7．All applicants will be considered regardless of age, sex, religion or (national)．
答案与解析 nationality 设空和设空前的名词age、sex、religion作介词短语regardless of 的宾语，故设空处填名词nationality。
8．The first man (support) the campaign was the captain.
答案与解析 to support 空前为“the＋序数词＋名词”应用不定式作后置定语，故填to support。
9． (bacterium) exist in large numbers in air, water and soil.
答案与解析 Bacteria 根据句中谓语动词exist可知，主语应用复数形式。bacterium的复数形式是bacteria。
10．Pay attention to the two sentences (underline) in the passage.
答案与解析 underlined underline与the two sentences是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词作定语。
Ⅱ.用括号内动词的正确形式填空——不规则变化
1．The goods shall (keep) free from materials which burn easily.
答案与解析 be kept 主语与keep是被动关系，故用被动语态，设空前已有情态动词shall，故该空填be kept。keep(保持)—kept—kept—keeping。
2．His lack of confidence (lead) to a lot of sufferings in the past.
答案与解析 led 句中时间状语是in the past，故谓语动词用一般过去时。lead to“导致”。lead(致使；导致；引路)—led—led—leading。
3． (equip) with new scientific farming methods, they have been able to use less farmland to
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produce more.
答案与解析 Equipped be equipped with ... “具有……”， 在句中作状语，应用过去分词形式，故填equipped。equip(装备；配备)—equipped—equipped—equipping。
4．He finally (rid) himself of those thoughts and worries and became more confident.
答案与解析 rid/ridded 根据句中已有谓语动词became可知，设空所填谓语动词用一般过去时。rid oneself of ...“使自己摆脱……”。rid(摆脱；除去)—rid/ridded—rid/ridded—ridding。
5．He (skim) over the list, looking for his name, but was disappointed.
答案与解析 skimmed 设空在句中作谓语，与but后的谓语动词was时态一致，应用一般过去时，故填skimmed。skim(略读；浏览)—skimmed—skimmed—skimming。
6．The man (build) up his business over the years, which makes me inspired.
答案与解析 has built 根据句中时间状语over the years可知，谓语动词用现在完成时，故填has built。build up“树立；建立；增强”。build(建造)—built—built—building。
Ⅲ.改正下列句子中的唯一错误——易错混用
1．We should take measures to improve that is called the quality of life.
答案与解析 that→what improve后的宾语从句中缺少主语，指“什么”，应用what引导宾语从句。
2．I would rather you told him the inspiring news that day.
答案与解析 told前加had would rather后接从句，根据从句时间状语that day可知，从句是对过去的虚拟，故从句谓语用过去完成时，故在told前加had。
3．His secure income has made possible for his family to lead a happy life.
答案与解析 made后加it make it possible for sb. to do sth.“使某人做某事成为可能”。
4．The fish is rich with oil, which is good for people who have heart trouble.
答案与解析 with→in be rich in“盛产；富含”。
5．It is thanks for your consideration and kindness that I can have an enjoyable trip.
答案与解析 for→to thanks to“多亏；幸亏”，是固定短语。
6．I'd appreciate it if you could comment my behaviour.
答案与解析 comment后加on comment on/upon “评论”。
7．Confusing by the question, the boy referred to the book for further explanation.
答案与解析 Confusing→Confused be confused by ... “对……感到困惑”，在句中作状语，应用过去分词形式，说明主语the boy的心理感受。
8．With his attention focusing on his work, he has no time for entertainment.
答案与解析 focusing→focus(s)ed 在with结构中focus与his attention是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词作宾语补足语，故focusing 改为focus(s)ed。
9．It was by chance that he circulated about the disturbing information.
答案与解析 去掉about circulate“传播(消息)”，是及物动词，后面直接接宾语，故介词about多余。
10．The country became very rich following the discover of oil.
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答案与解析 discover→discovery the discovery of ...“发现……”。
Ⅳ.根据语境选出画线部分的正确含义——熟词生义
A. difficult B. desired C. stresses
1．She hungered for success so that she'd do what she could to achieve it. B
2．The report underlines the importance of pre－school education. C
3．It was a struggle for them to carry on with the research without so much money. A
小题补练
短文改错
Today we use chemicals in almost every part of our lives, hoped to make life faster, more convenient or good. At home we use them to killing flies and other disease－carrying pests. Doctors gave them to us in medicine to fight harmfully bacteria in our bodies. Factory workers use them in industrial production to make everything from toys to toothbrushes. Farmers also use them in the soil to help their plants grow fast and become strong. Therefore, the discoveries of new ways to use chemicals have brought difficulties as well as benefit. For an example, too much use in farming leads food that is low in minerals and other things that we need for good nutrition. Some people think that it is because of a wrong focus on money and speed, while other say it is because of a lack of education about the problems.
答案与解析
Today we use chemicals in almost every part of our lives, to make life faster, more convenient or At home we use them to flies and other disease－carrying pests. Doctors them to us in medicine to fight bacteria in our bodies. Factory workers use them in industrial production to make everything from toys to toothbrushes.
Farmers also use them in the soil to help their plants grow fast and become strong. the discoveries of new ways to use chemicals have brought difficulties as well as For example, too much use in farming leads food that is low in minerals and other things that we need for good nutrition. Some people think that it is because of a wrong focus on money and speed, while say it is because of a lack of education about the problems.
①hoped→hoping we与hope是逻辑上的主动关系，故用现在分词作状语。
②good→better 根据该句前的比较级faster, more convenient可知good应用比较级。
③killing→kill use ... to do sth.“利用……做某事”。
④gave→give 短文整体时态是一般现在时，故该句谓语用一般现在时。
⑤harmfully→harmful 修饰名词bacteria，应用形容词作定语，故harmfully改为harmful。
⑥Therefore→However 前后两句是转折而非因果关系，故用However。
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⑦benefit→benefits 根据as well as前的difficulties可知benefit应用复数形式。
⑧去掉an for example“例如”。
⑨leads后加to lead to“导致”。
⑩other→others 根据该句中的Some people可知此处应用others，表“其他人”。
写 作 提 能
用本单元词汇、句式和语法知识写满分作文
假设你是李华，最近从报刊上了解到袁隆平海水稻研究成功后，你写了一篇英语短文发表在校报上，要点如下：
①袁隆平生于1930年，1953年大学毕业；②研发成功杂交水稻，在2017年研究海水稻；③对生活满意，不在乎名利。
(一)根据提示利用本单元所学知识补全短文
Yuan Longping, known as China's “father of hybrid rice”， ①devotes his life to ridding the world of hunger (一生致力于使世界摆脱饥饿).
He was born in 1930 and graduated from college in 1953, when ②hunger was a disturbing problem (饥饿是个令人苦恼的问题) for many people in the countryside. Since then, ③searching for ways to grow more rice (寻找方法种植更多水稻) has been his life goal. He ④struggled to develop (努力研发) rice which has a high output. Using his hybrid rice, farmers manage to ⑤produce harvests twice as large as before (比以前增收两倍). In 2017, his super rice set a new record and his research on sea rice proved to be a great success.
Yuan Longping is not only ⑥satisfied with a peaceful life (满足于平静的生活), but he also doesn't care about being famous or money. So, he ⑦would rather focus on his hobbies (宁愿专注于他的爱好), including listening to violin music, swimming and reading.
(二)按要求升级词汇和句式
1．用本单元所学词汇升级加波浪线词汇
So→Therefore
2．按要求升级句式
利用倒装句式升级第三段第一句
Not only is Yuan Longping satisfied with a peaceful life but he also doesn't care about being famous or money.
Unit 3 taste of English humour
基础巧回顾
见学生用书P097
单词巧练
写准并记牢
高考与教材
重点单词
Ⅰ.高考与单句填空
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1.content adj.& vt.满足的；满意的；满足；使满足 n．[C]内容；[U]满足
2.whisper n．[C] 耳语；低语 vt.& vi. 低语；小声说
3.overcome vt.& vi. 战胜；克服→overcame/overcome(过去式/过去分词)
4.astonish vt.使惊诧→astonishing adj.令人感到惊讶的→astonished adj.惊讶的
5.convince vt.使信服→convincing adj.令人信服的→convinced adj.确信的；深信的
6.direct vt.& vi.导演；指示；指挥 adj.直的；直接的；直率的→directly ad v.直接地；立刻地→direction n．[C，U]方向；[U]指导；(常用复数)指示；用法说明→director n．[C]导演
7.depressed adj.忧愁的；沮丧的→depressing adj.使人沮丧的→depression n．[C，U]沮丧；不高兴
8.fortune n．[U]幸运；[C]财富→fortunate adj.幸运的；吉利的→fortunately ad v.幸运地→(反义词)unfortunately ad v.不幸地
9.entertain vt.& vi.使欢乐；款待→entertaining adj.愉快的；有趣的→entertainment n．[U]款待；[C]娱乐节目
10.particular adj.特殊的；特别的 n．[C]细节；细目→particularly ad v.尤其；特别地
11.humour n．[U]幽默；滑稽→humorous adj.幽默的
12.bored adj.厌烦的→boring adj.令人厌烦的
13.performer n．[C]表演者；演出者→perform v.执行；表演→performance n．[C]演出；[U]表现
14.failure n．[U]失败；[C]失败者；失败的事→fail v.不能；失败；不及格；衰退；使失望
阅读单词
15.comedy n．喜剧
16.throughout prep.& ad v.
1.(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)This production of Shakespeare's Richard Ⅲ will be directed (direct) by the National's Associate Director.
2.(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)But we all have to accept that as we get older our reactions (react) slow down.
3.(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)If you're fortunate (fortune) enough to have success, you should put something back.
4.(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)Persons in Asian cultures may view silence as a sign of respect, particularly (particular) to an elder or a person in authority.
5.(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)I don't know how you can do that all weekend, Gordon. I'd get bored (bore)．
6.(全国卷)I do this and am astonished (astonish) that 58 percent said they had never done so.
7.(全国卷Ⅰ)William found it increasingly difficult to read, for his eyesight was beginning to fail (failure)．
Ⅱ.教材与单句改错(每题最多2处错误)
1.He made people laugh at a time when they felt depressing, so they could feel more content about their lives.depressing→depressed; about→with
2.His parents were both poor music hall
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遍及；贯穿；到处；始终；全部
17.outstanding adj.突出的；杰出的；显著的
performer.performer→performers
3.The acting is so convinced that it makes you believe that it is one of the best meals that he had ever tasted. convinced→convincing
4.This character was social failure but was loved for his optimism and determination.social前加a
5.Sherlock Holmes looked up at the stars and whispered with Watson.with→to
短语巧练
写准并记牢
高考与教材
1.feel/be content with 对……满足
2.up to now 直到现在
3.badly－off 穷的；缺少的
4.star in 在……担任主角；主演
5.cut off 切断；断绝
6.pick out 挑出；辨别出
7.in particular 尤其；特别
8.pick up 偶然获得；收听；好转
Ⅰ.高考与单句填空
1.(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)Don't forget to stop by Pacific Science Center's Store while you are here to pick up a wonderful science activity or souvenir to remember your visit.
2.(2015·全国卷)Andy is content with the toy. It is the best he has ever got.
Ⅱ.教材与单句改错(每题最多2处错误)
1.Up to now, nobody had been able to do this better than Charlie Chaplin.had→has
2.Then he picks out of the lace of the shoe and eats it as if it were spaghetti.去掉第一个of
3.Charlie Chaplin wrote, directed and produced the films he starred. starred后加in
句式仿写
原句背诵
我会仿写
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1.as引导定语从句，代替后面主句的内容
As Victor Hugo once said，“Laughter is the sun that drives winter from the human face”．
维克多·雨果曾经说过，“笑容如阳光，能驱走人们脸上的冬天” 。
1.常言道，“熟能生巧”。
As the old saying goes，“Practice makes perfect”．
2.现在分词短语作结果状语
Unfortunately his father died, leaving the family even worse off.
不幸的是他的父亲去世了，使得他的家境更加艰难。
2.(2016·北京卷)新建的木屋林立在街道的两旁，使古镇变成了一个梦幻之地。
Newly－built wooden cottages line the street, turning the old town into a dreamland.
3.by＋时间，表示“到……为止”，句子常用完成时态
By his teens, Charlie had, through his humour, become one of the most popular child actors in England.
查理在十多岁的时候，凭借着自己的幽默，已经在英国成为最受欢迎的童星之一。
3.到去年年末，我的词汇量已达到3 000。
By the end of last year, my vocabulary had grown to 3,000.
重点全突破
Part 1 重点单词
1.content adj.满足的；满意的∥n.①[C] (contents) 所容纳之物；目录；(常用单数)容量∥vt. (contented, contented, contenting) 使满足
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①Tired of city life, he is content to live (live) in the country.
②She dropped her purse and the content fell out on the floor.content→contents
(2)单句写作
我们切不可仅仅满足于书本知识。
③We should never content ourselves with book knowledge only.
后记牢
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(1)feel/be content with 对……满足/满意
be content to do sth. 满足于做某事
(2)content oneself with ... 满足于……
(3)contented adj. 满意的；满足的(作前置定语)
content adj. 满意的(不可用于名词前)
2.convince vt. (convinced, convinced, convincing) 使人信服；使相信
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①His mother finally convinced him to see (see) a doctor.
②There is convinced evidence that smoking causes lung cancer.convinced→convincing
(2)句式升级(用分词作状语升级)
(2017·全国卷Ⅲ满分作文)I'm convinced that you like paper－cutting, so I'd like to invite you to visit the exhibition.
→③Convinced that you like paper－cutting, I'd like to invite you to visit the exhibition.
后记牢
(1)convince sb. to do sth. 说服某人做某事
convince sb. of sth. 使某人相信某事
convince sb. that ... 使某人相信……
(2)be convinced of sth./that ... 确信(某事)……
◆佳句 I'm firmly convinced of the significance of honesty，which will contribute to building a warm and harmonious society.我坚信诚实的重要性，它有助于建立一个温暖、和谐的社会。
3.astonishing adj.令人感到惊讶的
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①To my astonishment (astonish), she didn't care about my feelings.
②I found it astonished that the wealthy boss was reduced to a homeless man.astonished→astonishing
(2)句式升级(按要求升级练习①)
→③She didn't care about my feelings, which astonished me.(用定语从句升级)
→④It was astonishing that she didn't care about my feelings.(用astonishing和it 作形式主语升级)
→⑤It astonished me that she didn't care about my feelings.(用it 作形式主语升级)
→⑥What astonished me was that she didn't care about my feelings.(用what主语从句升级)
后记牢
(1)It astonishes sb. that ... 令某人惊讶的是……
What astonishes sb. is ... 使某人惊讶的是……
(2)be astonished that ... 对……感到惊讶
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be astonished at/by sth. 因/对某事感到惊讶
be astonished to do sth. 惊讶地做某事
(3)(much) to one's astonishment/to one's (great) astonishment/to the (great) astonishment of sb.
令某人(非常)惊讶的是
◆佳句He was astonished to learn that he'd won the competition, which is also astonishing news to us.听说他比赛赢了，他感到很吃惊。对我们而言，这也是个令人吃惊的消息。
4.direct vt.&vi. (directed, directed, directing) 导演；指示；指挥∥adj.直的；直接的；直率的∥adv.直接；径直
先试做
(1)根据语境选出黑体部分的词性和词义
A．vt.指示；命令 B．vt.导演 C．adj.直接的；直率的
D．adv.直接；径直 E．vt.指挥
①A policeman stood in the middle of the road, directing the traffic. E
②I'd like to make friends with anyone who is open and direct. C
③The Beijing's 8－minute show directed by Zhang Yimou attracted the world. B
④He directed that we should keep calm in the face of danger. A
⑤Go direct ahead, and you will see the supermarket on the right. D
(2)单句改错
⑥Make sure you read the direction before using the equipment.direction→directions
后记牢
(1)direct sb. to sp. 指引某人到某处
direct sb. to do sth. 指示/命令某人做某事
direct that ... (should) do ... 命令/指导……
(2)in all directions 朝四面八方
in the direction of ... 朝……的方向
follow one's directions 遵循某人的指示
under sb.'s direction 在某人的指导下
(3)directly 一……就……(引导时间状语从句)
我一交上论文就发现我犯了个错误。
My performance in the activity convinced the director of my ability and I was chosen to star in the film directed by the director, which astonished my parents greatly. Though they were content with their simple life, they encouraged me to follow my dream.
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Part 2 短语与句型
1．pick out挑出；挑选；辨别出
先试做
单句填空/单句改错
①A competition was held to pick out the best table tennis players.
②It's astonishing that your brother picked Russian so quickly.picked后加up
后记牢
pick up 捡起；收拾；整理；(偶然)学会；用车接某人；收听到；(身体)好转
pick sb. to do sth. 选中某人做某事
pick one's pocket 扒窃；掏包
2.cut off 切断(水、电、煤气等的供给)；断绝；切掉；阻挡(道路；视线)等
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①(2016·浙江卷)When their children lived far away from them, these old people felt cut off from the world.
②(2016·北京卷)The town was cut off the rest of the world due to heavy snow.off后加from
(2)词汇升级(用本单元所学高级词汇升级黑体词汇)
③The new factory blocks our view of the hills.cuts off
后记牢
cut sb./sth. off from 使某人/某物与外界隔绝；切断某人/某物的去路
feel/be cut off (from ...) 觉得/被(与……)隔绝
◆佳句The teacher cut off contact with the news media.这名教师中断了与新闻媒体的联系。
3.As Victor Hugo once said，“Laughter is the sun that drives winter from the human face”．维克多·雨果曾经说过，“笑容如阳光，能驱走人们脸上的冬天”。
句型公式 主句，＋as引导的非限制性定语从句，“正如……”
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①(2017·江苏卷) As is indicated in the graph, the box－office income of Chinese films increased constantly from 2012 to 2015.
②This is such a difficult question which nobody can work out.which→as
(2)句式升级(用非限制性定语从句升级)
I'm delighted to learn that you want a student volunteer, and I am quite interested in it.
→③I'm delighted to learn that you want a student volunteer, which I am quite interested in.
后记牢
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(1)as引导非限制性定语从句时，有“正如”之意，可放主句之前、之后或中间。as引导非限制性定语从句，常构成as is known、as we all know、as you can see、as is often the case等搭配。as引导限制性定语从句时，先行词常被the same、such、as、so等修饰。
(2)which引导非限制性定语从句只能置于主句之后，无动词的限制。which引导非限制性定语从句，也可指代整个主句的内容，意为“这一点”。
◆佳句(陕西卷)As is often the case with children, Amy was better by the time the doctor arrived.医生到后艾玛好多了，孩子们往往如此。
4.Unfortunately his father died, leaving the family even worse off.不幸的是他的父亲去世了，使得他的家境更加艰难。
句型公式 (主句，＋)现在分词(短语)作结果状语
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①(2018·北京海淀区一模)The immersed tunnel of Hongkong－Zhuhai－Macau Bridge is 6.7 kilometres long, making it the world's longest and deepest undersea tunnel.
②Anxiously, she took the dress out of the package and tried it on, only to finding it didn't fit.finding→find
(2)句式升级(用分词作结果状语升级句式)
(2017·江苏卷满分作文)Consequently, some viewers began to turn away from cinemas, and that led to a slower growth.
→③Consequently, some viewers began to turn away from cinemas, leading to a slower growth.
后记牢
(1)现在分词(短语)作结果状语常表意料、情理之中的结果，这种分词的逻辑主语可以是句子的主语也可以是整个主句。
(2)不定式作结果状语常用于only to do 结构中表出乎意料的结果，意为“不料……/结果却……”。
小说家正忙于写作，只是偶尔停下来喝水。
As is known to us, the star has been picked out to play the leading role in the film. We're convinced that her subtle acting will contribute to the success of the film, making her better known. In order to perform well, she has to train harder in a place which is cut off from her fans.
集训新思路
四 维 夯 基
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本部分练习中加黑体词语是必修4 Unit 2的词汇复现，如有遗忘，请及时回顾。
Ⅰ.在空白处填入1个适当的单词或所给单词的正确形式——热考用法
1．The baby is sleeping.Therefore, I would rather you talked a whisper.
答案与解析 in in a whisper“小声地；低声地”。
2．The earthquake has killed hundreds and made thousands (home)．
答案与解析 homeless 设空在句中作补语，应用形容词，指“无家可归的”，应填homeless。
3．I'll try to give you a quick (explain) of how the machine works.
答案与解析 explanation 设空前是冠词a，故设空应填名词。explain的名词是explanation。
4．Lucy has a great sense of humour and always keeps her colleagues (amuse) with her stories.
答案与解析 amused 设空在句中作宾补，说明宾语colleagues的心理感受，应用amused，意为“开心的”。
5．The plan is intended to reduce some of the company's (mountain) debts.
答案与解析 mountainous 设空后是名词debts，应用形容词作定语修饰，故填mountainous。
6．Words (fail) me when I wanted to express my thanks to him.
答案与解析 failed 从句谓语动词是一般过去时，故主句谓语动词用一般过去时。words fail/failed sb.“某人不知道说什么好”。
7．I had a couple of glasses of wine, but I certainly wasn't (drink).
答案与解析 drunk 设空在句中作表语，指“喝醉的”，应填形容词drunk。
8．You may find hard to get rid of the bad habits.
答案与解析 it find it ＋adj.＋to do sth.“发现做某事……”，it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的不定式。
9．I can remember few occasions my teacher commented on others' behaviors.
答案与解析 when 定语从句先行词是occasions，指时刻，从句中缺少时间状语，故用关系代词when引导定语从句。
10．He set off in search of his missing dog, only (tell) the dog was killed in the accident.
答案与解析 to be told in search of“寻找”，根据语境“结果被告知狗在车祸中死了”可知，该处应用不定式表出乎意料的结果，故填to be told。
Ⅱ.用括号内动词的正确形式填空——不规则变化
1．He finally (overcome) his fear of flying and took off.
答案与解析 overcame 设空所填谓语动词时态与句中已有的谓语动词took off时态一致，应用一般过去时，故填overcame。overcome(克服)—overcame—overcome—overcoming。
2．Tom (slide) out of the room when no one was noticing.
答案与解析 slid 根据when引导的时间状语从句的时态可知，主句用一般过去时，故填slid。slide(滑动；悄悄移动)—slid—slid—sliding。
3．Much to our regret, Sarah has missed her chance of (star) in the school play.
答案与解析 starring 设空前是介词of，故设空应填动名词作宾语。star in“在……中扮演角色”。star(主演)—starred—starred—starring。
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4．My (wear) out shoes are thrown away so I have to buy a new pair.
答案与解析 worn 设空处所填词在句中作定语，应用非谓语动词。wear out与shoes是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词作定语。wear(穿；磨损)—wore—worn—wearing。
Ⅲ.改正下列句子中的唯一错误——易错混用
1．Unfortunately, we were doing an experiment when the electricity cut off.
答案与解析 cut前加was 主语the electricity 与cut off是被动关系，故用被动语态。根据句型“was/were doing sth. when sb./sth. ＋一般过去时”可知，应在cut前加was。
2．Up to now, more than 5,000 trees had been exported to Korea.
答案与解析 had→have 句中时间状语是Up to now，故谓语动词用现在完成时，故had改为have。
3．He took a mouth of the bitter medicine and made a face.
答案与解析 mouth→mouthful a mouthful of “一口；少量”。
4．You never know how he is going to react the disturbing news.
答案与解析 react后加to react“做出反应；回应”，是不及物动词，不能直接接宾语，应加介词。react to“对……做出反应”。
5．Thanks to his secure work, we are not any badly off than a lot of other people.
答案与解析 badly→worse 根据句中的比较级提示词than可知，badly off应用比较级，故badly改为worse。
6．The place is in mess and I have no idea how to clear it up.
答案与解析 mess前加a in a mess“杂乱无章；脏乱不堪”。
7．It seemed as if they had been content the present situation.
答案与解析 content后加with be content with“对……满意”。
8．To me, this problem is particular confusing.
答案与解析 particular→particularly 修饰形容词confusing，应用副词作状语，故particular应改为particularly。
9．As time went by, his convinced acting led to his popularity throughout China.
答案与解析 convinced→convincing 修饰名词acting，应用形容词convincing，意为“令人信服的”； convinced意为“确信的”。
10．The children quickly get boring with staying indoors.
答案与解析 boring→bored get bored with ...“对……厌倦”。
Ⅳ.根据语境选出画线部分的正确含义——熟词生义
A. relaxed B. breakdown C. tired
1．(2017·北京卷)For a sudden heart failure, the single best chance for survival is having someone nearby step in and do CPR quickly. B
2．He was so worn out that he fell asleep immediately his head touched the pillow. C
小题补练
Ⅰ.语法填空
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One of the most famous April Fool's jokes in England was played by a British television show 1. (call) Panorama (全景). This show explored problems and progress all over the world, so nobody was surprised when it began with a report on the excellent noodle harvest in south Switzerland. The programme gave two 2. (explain) for the good crop: an unusually warm winter and the disappearance of the insect 3. attacked the noodle crop every year. The reporter showed many noodle trees with the farmers pulling noodles off them and putting them into baskets. The viewers were told that they may not have heard 4. noodles from this part of the world because noodles were grown as part of small family businesses.
The programme makers realized that people might wonder why noodles were always the same size so they explained that “it was the result of many years' patient research with the trees to produce noodles of exactly the same length.” But even so they explained, 5. life of a noodle farmer was not easy. “There is always a chance of very cold weather spoiling their crop. Besides, it is difficult for them to get top prices on the world markets.”
The story was so 6. (convince) that, many people in England rang the BBC to find out how to grow their own noodle trees. They were told to “place a piece of noodle in a tin of tomato sauce (调料) and hope for the best.” This may seem 7. (particular) silly, but in the 1950s very few British people travelled abroad for their holidays and even 8. (few) of them ate noodles. So it seemed possible to imagine that noodles grew on trees like apples, pears and nuts. People also trusted the Panorama programme for its careful research and serious information. So they were astonished 9. (find) the next day that they had all believed an April Fool's joke. Even today the report of the noodle harvest 10. (remember) as one of the best April Fool's jokes ever!
答案与解析
1．called 考查非谓语动词。call与television show是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词作定语。
2．explanations 考查词性转换。根据设空前的数词two可知设空应填复数名词，故填explanations。
3．that/which 考查定语从句。定语从句先行词是the insect，从句中缺少主语，故用关系代词that/which引导定语从句。
4．of 考查动词短语。hear of“听说”。
5．the 考查冠词。该处特指“种面条的农民的生活”，应用定冠词the。
6．convincing 考查词性转换。设空在句中作表语，表“令人信服的”，故填convincing。
7．particularly 考查词性转换。设空在句中作状语修饰形容词silly，故用副词particularly。
8．fewer 考查比较级。设空前是even，故设空处应填比较级fewer。
9．to find 考查非谓语动词。be astonished to do sth.“吃惊地做某事”。
10．is remembered 考查时态和语态。句中时间状语是today，故谓语用一般现在时；主语the report与remember是被动关系，故用一般现在时的被动语态，填is remembered。
Ⅱ.短文改错
Dear Andrew，
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How nice to hear from you again! I think it is natural for you not to get used to live there. Here, I have some suggestion for you.
First of all, you should respect the local customs and try to get involved the natives' lives. Secondly, don't be afraid to communicate with American students and make friends with us. Friendship will make you pleasing. What's more, it is relaxed for you to join more outdoor activities with your friends. Those activities may help you relax and have a fun, that is of great benefit. Finally, mind your own manners and remain modest and honesty when getting along with your friends.I sincerely hope you will adapt to your new life and find yourself enjoy your stay there.
Yours，
Li Hua
答案与解析
Dear Andrew，
How nice to hear from you again! I think it is natural for you not to get used to there. Here, I have some for you.
First of all, you should respect the local customs and try to get involved the natives' lives. Secondly, don't be afraid to communicate with American students and make friends with Friendship will make you What's more, it is for you to join more outdoor activities with your friends. Those activities may help you relax and have fun, is of great benefit. Finally, mind your own manners and remain modest and when getting along with your friends.I sincerely hope you will adapt to your new life and find yourself your stay there.
Yours，
Li Hua
①live→living get used to ... 意为“习惯于……”，其中，to是介词，后面接名词或动名词作宾语，故应将live改为living。
②suggestion→suggestions suggestion是可数名词，意为“建议”，前面有some修饰，故用名词的复数形式。
③involved后加in get involved sb. in sth.意为“参与某事”，是固定搭配。
④us→them 作介词with的宾语，前面的“American students”，应用代词they的宾格them。
⑤pleasing→pleased 在句中作宾语补足语说明宾语you的心理感受，应用pleased，意为“高兴的”。
⑥relaxed→relaxing 在句中作表语，说明事情的性质，应用以－ing 结尾的分词，表“令人兴奋的”，relaxed 意为“放松的”。
⑦去掉a fun是不可数名词，不能和不定冠词连用，故a多余，应去掉。
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⑧that→which 分析句子结构可知本句是非限制性定语从句，关系词在从句中作主语，指代主句的全部内容，应用关系代词which引导非限制性定语从句。
⑨honesty→honest remain是系动词，意为“保持……状态，仍处于……状态”，后面接形容词作表语，故honesty改为honest。
⑩enjoy→enjoying 在“find＋宾语＋宾补”结构中，you与enjoy是逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词作宾语补足语。
写 作 提 能
用本单元词汇、句式和语法知识写满分作文
假设你是李华，要参加演讲比赛，演讲的内容是你最喜欢的名人，请按以下写作要点写一篇发言稿。
①最喜欢的人物；②介绍喜欢的名人的成就；③介绍喜欢这个名人的原因。
(一)根据提示利用本单元所学知识补全短文(无提示处请填写适当的过渡词汇：to begin with、what's more、however)
The celebrity I like best is Ni Ping. ①As is known (众所周知), Ni Ping is neither ②an ordinary hostess nor an ordinary actress (一位普通的主持人也不是一个普通的女演员). ③However, few people may know she is talented in painting. ❶After resignment, she is not satisfied with doing nothing at all, so she began drawing just to ④entertain herself (自娱自乐). ❷She struggled to create her own style of painting, which makes her paintings more attractive.
The reasons why I like Ni Ping best are listed as follows. ⑤To begin with, her paintings are ⑥so subtle and lively that they make everyone astonished (如此精巧而生动，因此让每个人吃惊). ⑦What's more, her positive attitude towards life and determination to overcome difficulties always make me inspired whenever I am in trouble.
⑧I have learnt a lot from Ni Ping up to now (到目前为止，我向倪萍学到了很多)．
(二)按要求升级词汇和句式
1．用本单元所学词汇升级加波浪线词汇
is satisfied with→is content with
2．按要求升级句式
(1)利用形容词作状语升级句❶
After resignment, not satisfied with doing nothing at all, she began drawing just to entertain herself.
(2)利用现在分词作结果状语升级句❷
She struggled to create her own style of painting, making her paintings more attractive.
Unit 4 Body language
基础巧回顾
见学生用书P102
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单词巧练
写准并记牢
高考与教材
重点单词
1.function n. [C] 作用；功能；职能 vi. 起作用；运转
2.rank n. [C]等级；军衔
3.ease n. 安逸；舒适 vt.减轻(痛苦、忧虑)
4.approach vt.& vi. 接近；靠近；走近 n. [U]接近；[C]方法；途径→approachable adj.平易近人的；可到达的
5.represent vt.代表；象征→representative n．代表 adj.典型的；有代表性的
6.curious adj.好奇的→curiously ad v.好奇地→curiosity n．[U]好奇心
7.defend vt.保护；保卫→defence n．[U]防御；保卫
8.facial adj.面部的→face n．[C]脸；面容
9.misunderstand vt.误解；误会→misunderstood/misunderstood(过去式/过去分词)→misunderstanding n．[U]误解；误会
10.anger n．怒气；怒火→angry adj.生气的→angrily ad v.生气地
11.greet vi.& vt.迎接；问候→greeting n．[U]迎接；招呼；问候(常用复数)
12.spoken adj.口语的→(反义词)unspoken adj.未说出口的；非口语的
13.truly ad v.真实地；真诚地；真正地→true adj.真实的→truth n．[U]真实；(用作单数)真相；事实
14.statement n．[C]陈述；说明→state v.陈述；说明
15.association n．社团；联系；联想→associate vt.把……联系起来→associated adj.有关的；相关的
阅读单词
Ⅰ.高考与单句填空
1.(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)The spoken (speak) languages were enough in all my interactions (交往)．
2.(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)Approaching (approach) the vehicle, they saw that a woman was trying to get out of the broken window.
3.(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)Readers also tended to share articles that inspired negative feelings like anger (angry) or anxiety.
4.(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)Truly (true) elegant chopsticks might be made of gold and silver with Chinese characters.
5.(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)You might represent each letter with a number, for example.
Ⅱ.教材与单句改错(每题最多2处错误)
1.That is the custom when adult meet people they know.adult→adults
2.Yesterday, another student and I, represented our university's student association, went to the Capital International Airport to meet this year's international students.represented→representing
3.I saw several young people enter the waiting area looking around curious.curious→curiously
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16.major adj.主要的
17.cheek n．面颊
4.Most people around the world greet with each other by shaking hands.去掉with
5.She stepped back appearing surprised and put up her hand, as if in defend.defend→defence
短语巧练
写准并记牢
高考与教材
1.defend ... against/from 防御；保卫……以免受
2.on the contrary 相反地
3.at ease 舒适；快活；自由自在
4.turn one's back to 背对；背弃
5.as well as 和……一样好；而且；也；和
6.be likely to 很可能……；有希望……
7.in general 总的来说；通常
8.lose face 丢脸
9.put up 举起；升起；搭建；留宿
10.in most cases 在多数情况下
Ⅰ.高考与单句填空
1.(2015·全国卷Ⅱ)New students are now aware that they are likely to leave (leave) university with up to ￡15,000 in debt.
2.(2017·全国卷)In general, it is considered unwise to give a child whatever he or she wants.
3.(全国卷)He can play catch and hit a ball as well as his son.
Ⅱ.教材与单句改错(每题最多2处错误)
1.Yawning will, in most case, make me appear to be uninterested.case→cases
2.The smile's function is to show happiness and put people at the ease.去掉第二个the
3.Ahmed Aziz, in the contrary, simply nodded at the girls.in→on
句式仿写
原句背诵
我会仿写
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1.the first/second等序数词＋名词，其后应用动词不定式作后置定语
The first person to arrive was Tony Garcia from Colombia, closely followed by Julia Smith from Britain.
第一个到达的是从哥伦比亚来的托尼·加西亚，随后紧跟着的是英国的朱莉娅·史密斯。
1.(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)1931年，Addams成为第一个赢得诺贝尔和平奖的美国女性。
In 1931, Addams became the first American woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize.
2.动名词短语作主语，谓语动词用单数形式
Being respectful to people is subjective, based on each culture.
根据各自的文化，待人礼貌是主观的。
2.当自己没做错事时被别人误解是个不愉快的经历。
Being misunderstood by others when you do nothing wrong at all is quite a bad experience.
重点全突破
Part 1 重点单词
1.represent vt. (represented, represented, representing) 代表；象征；表示；描绘；声称
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①Often, the word “love” is represented (represent) by a heart.
②She represents her mother the kindest mother in the world.第一个the前加as
(2)句式升级(用分词作状语升级)
(2017·浙江6月卷满分作文)I'd like to represent my class and invite you to join us in the outing.
→③Representing my class, I'd like to invite you to join us in the outing.
后记牢
represent ...as/to be ... 宣称……为……；把……描绘成……
represent sth.to sb. 向某人提出某事
represent oneself as/to be ... 自称是……
◆佳句(牛津词典)They represented their concern to the authorities.
他们向当局陈述了他们关心的问题。
2.curious adj.好奇的 curiously adv.好奇地
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①(2016·北京卷)In high school, I became curious about the computer, and built my first website.
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②As the curious boy looked at the box curiously, I opened it just to satisfy his curiosity.(curious)
③People gathered round, looking at the scene in curiosity.in→with
(2)句式升级(用形容词短语作状语升级)
I was curious to know more about it, so I went to the library to consult books.
→④Curious to know more about it, I went to the library to consult books.
后记牢
(1)be curious about ... 对……感到好奇
be curious to do sth. 渴望/好奇地做某事
(2)out of curiosity 出于好奇
with curiosity＝curiously 好奇地
meet/satisfy one's curiosity 满足某人的好奇心
◆佳句It is good to be curious about the world around you because I think curiosity is the best teacher.对你周围的世界感到好奇是件好事，因为我认为好奇心是最好的老师。
3.approach vt.&vi. (approached, approached, approaching) (距离上)靠近；(时间上)临近；(数量上)接近∥n.①[U]接近；②[C] (pl. approaches) 方法；途径；通道
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①(2017·天津卷)Unfortunately, just as I took out my camera, a woman approached (approach) from behind, and planted herself right in front of my view.
②Tony approached (approach) Julia, touched her shoulder, and kissed her on the cheek.
③I appreciate his new approach to teach languages.teach→teaching
(2)句式升级(用“with＋宾补结构”升级)
As the Spring Festival is approaching, some students are getting more and more anxious.
→④With the Spring Festival approaching, some students are getting more and more anxious.
后记牢
(1)approach sb./sth. 靠近/接近某人/某物
sth. be approaching/drawing near/around the corner 某事即将来临
(2)(an) approach to (doing) sth.
(做)某事的方法/途径；……的通道/入口
at the approach of sth. 在某事快到的时候
with ... approaching 在某事/物快到的时候
◆佳句All the approaches to the airport were cut off because of the heavy snow.由于大雪，所有通往机场的道路都被切断了。
4.likely adj.(常与more或most连用) 可能的 (反) unlikely adj.不可能的
先试做
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(1)单句填空/单句改错
①(2017·天津卷)After realizing an email accident, you are likely to feel (feel) awful.
②If you are late, it is unlikely you will get the job.unlikely后加that
(2)句型转换
You're likely to suffer from illness if you keep smoking.
→③It is likely that you will suffer from illness if you keep smoking.
后记牢
(1)sb./sth. be likely/unlikely to do sth.某人/某物很可能/不可能做某事
It is likely/unlikely that ... 有/不可能……
(2)it is possible (for sb.) to do sth.(某人)有可能做某事
it is possible/probable that ... 有可能……
◆佳句Your learning efficiency is more likely to improve.你的学习效率很可能会提高。
5.defend vt.(defended, defended, defending) 保护；保卫；辩护
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①(人教⑤)The law allows people to defend themselves (they) against a charge.
②The memorial was set up in memory of those who died in defences of China.defences→defence
(2)单句写作
我的父母总是会竭尽全力保护我免受伤害。
③My parents will do what they can to defend me from/against harm.
后记牢
(1)defend ... from/against ... 保护……免受……伤害
defend oneself 为自己辩护；自卫
(2)in defence of ... 为了保卫……
◆佳句It is reported that troops have been sent to defend the borders.据报道部队已被派出守卫边疆。
As the deadline approaches, you need to represent something related to your country. The life of American high school students is likely to be a better choice because Chinese students are curious about the school life of American students. Besides, you can introduce some ways to defend yourselves from harm.
Part 2 短语与句型
1．lose face 丢脸；失面子
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①He came face to face with a new problem.
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②You'd better try hard, or you will lose your face.去掉your
(2)一句多译
面对困难时，他们从不放弃而是努力寻找出路。
③In the face of difficulties, they never give up but try to find a way out. (用介词短语)
④Facing difficulties, they never give up but try to find a way out. (用现在分词作状语)
⑤Faced with difficulties, they never give up but try to find a way out. (用过去分词作状语)
后记牢
(1)on one's face 在某人脸上
make a face/faces 做鬼脸
face to face (with ...) (与……)面对面
in the face of面对(问题、困难、危险等)
(2)face/be faced with ... 面对……
face up to ... 用于面对/接受……
◆佳句Facing up to your problems rather than running away from them is the best approach to working things out.勇于面对你的问题而不是逃避它们，是解决事情的最好办法。
2.at ease 舒适；快活；自由自在
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①He eased himself of anxiety and felt at ease. (ease)
②The news that her son was safe easing her mind.easing→eased
(2)词汇升级(用本单元所学高级词汇升级黑体词汇)
③To our relief, he passed the exam easily.with ease
后记牢
(1)with ease 轻易地；毫不费力地
feel/look at ease 感到/看上去放松
put sb. at ease 使某人放松
(2)ease one's mind 使某人安心
ease sb. of ... 减轻某人的……
3.The first person to arrive was Tony Garcia from Colombia, closely followed by Julia Smith from Britain. 第一个到达的是从哥伦比亚来的托尼·加西亚，随后紧跟着的是英国的朱莉娅·史密斯。
句型公式 the＋序数词＋名词＋ to do (不定式作后置定语)
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①If I have any further news, you'll be the first person to know (know)．
②Millions saw the apple fall, but Newton was the first one to ask (ask) why.
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③The ability to expressing an idea is as important as the idea itself.expressing→express
(2)单句写作
她是第一个在奥运会上获得金牌的中国运动员。
④She was the first Chinese athlete to win a gold medal at the Olympic Games.
后记牢
(1)当中心词是序数词或被序数词、形容词最高级the next、the only、the last等修饰时，常用不定式作后置定语。
(2)动词不定式作定语常用来修饰ability、chance、opportunity、desire、ambition、offer、anxiety、attempt等抽象名词。
◆佳句 A problem is also a chance to do your best.一个难题也是一个让你做到最好的机会。
In general, people from different cultures have different ways to greet each other, and thus they are likely to have misunderstanding and lose face when communicating. To feel at ease in a foreign country, the first thing to do is make sure you follow the customs of the local people.
集训新思路
四 维 夯 基
本部分练习中加黑体词语是必修4 Unit 3的词汇复现，如有遗忘，请及时回顾。
Ⅰ.在空白处填入1个适当的单词或所给单词的正确形式——热考用法
1．Fortunately, the top student (represent) his school and made a speech at the meeting.
答案与解析 represented 设空所填谓语动词与and后的谓语动词made时态一致，应用一般过去时，故填represented。
2．Shandong Province produced 50 million pounds of apples this year, (rank) second in China.
答案与解析 ranking Shandong Province与rank是逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词作状语。
3．Up to now, there has been a close (associate) between the two schools.
答案与解析 association 设空前是不定冠词，故设空处填名词，association“联系”。
4．There is a (misunderstand): we didn't expect you until tomorrow.
答案与解析 misunderstanding 设空前是不定冠词，故设空处填名词。misunderstanding“误解”。
5．The (face) expression of the performer is particularly amusing.
答案与解析 facial 设空后是名词expression，故设空处应填形容词。facial expression“面部表情”。
6．They discussed different (approach) to the problem.
答案与解析 approaches 设空前是形容词different，故设空处应填复数名词，approach的复数形式是approaches。
7．I burst into (angry) when he didn't give me a reasonable explanation for his absence.
答案与解析 anger burst into anger“勃然大怒”。
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8． the contrary, she is not likely (attend) the party tonight.
答案与解析 On; to attend on the contrary“正相反”；be likely to do sth.“可能做某事”。
9．The little boy opened the door and (greet) the man with cries of welcome.
答案与解析 greeted 设空所填谓语动词与opened时态一致，应用一般过去时，故填greeted。
10．After school, we (dash) to the ordinary shop and bought some books.
答案与解析 dashed 设空所填谓语动词与bought时态一致，应用一般过去时，故填dashed。
Ⅱ.用括号内动词的正确形式填空——不规则变化
1．They (hug) each other when they met at the station.
答案与解析 hugged when引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词是一般过去时，故主句用一般过去时，填hugged。hug(拥抱)—hugged—hugged—hugging。
2．I think you (misunderstand) your mother yesterday.
答案与解析 misunderstood 根据句中时间状语yesterday可知，谓语动词用一般过去时，故填misunderstood。misunderstand(误解)—misunderstood—misunderstood—misunderstanding。
3．The girl picked up the English book (throw) on the floor.
答案与解析 thrown 设空所填词在句中作定语，throw与the English book是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词作后置定语。throw(扔)—threw—thrown—throwing。
Ⅲ.改正下列句子中的唯一错误——易错混用
1．As far as I'm concerned, his performance is true entertaining.
答案与解析 true→truly 在句中作状语修饰形容词entertaining，应用副词，故true改为truly。
2．My sister is in Shandong University, major in English literature.
答案与解析 major→majoring My sister与major in 是逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词作状语。major in“以……为专业”。
3．The shop is closely to the church, which can put the homeless up at night.
答案与解析 closely→close be close to“靠近”，是固定短语。
4．As I approached to the house, I noticed something strange.
答案与解析 去掉to approach是及物动词，后面直接接宾语，故介词to多余。
5．The machine was functioned badly last night, so it is being repaired now.
答案与解析 去掉was function“运转”，是不及物动词，不用于被动语态，故去掉was。
6．John finished first, closely following by Steven and Tom.
答案与解析 following→followed follow与John是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词作状语。
7．General, parents care more about their children's health than about their own.
答案与解析 General→Generally 设空在句中作状语修饰全句，应用副词，故General改为Generally。
8．He didn't feel completely at easy in the strange surroundings.
答案与解析 easy→ease feel at ease“感觉自在”，是固定短语。
9．It was quite wrong of him to turn his back against his friends when they became badly off.
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答案与解析 against→to turn one's back to“背对；背弃”。
10．At the party, I introduced him the American girl.
答案与解析 him后加to introduce sb. to sb. “把某人介绍给某人”。
Ⅳ.根据语境选出画线部分的正确含义——熟词生义
A. relieve B. reaching an important point
C. deal with D. shows
1．It might be possible to approach the problem in a different way. C
2．It is astonishing that the picture represents a hunting scene. D
3．Colleagues are trying to ease the pressure she is under at work. A
4．It is certain that our company is now at a crossroads. B
小题补练
Ⅰ.短文改错
Body language refers to what is communicated to others with your body. Gestures, face expressions and movements are considered to be a body language, such as nodding your head or shrugging your shoulders. Body language is a form of unspeaking communication that can have the influence on how we are understood by others.
In some workplaces, you're likely to working with people of different nationalities, so it's helpful to have some knowledges of cultural body language. What is acceptable to some people may make others to feel uncomfortable. For example, Australians don't have much physical contact. Intentions can misunderstood when it comes to touch someone in the workplace. Therefore, shaking someone's hands firmly is a common used way of greeting in most countries, which showed that you are open and genuine.
答案与解析
Body language refers to what is communicated to others with your body. Gestures, expressions and movements are considered to be body language, such as nodding your head or shrugging your shoulders. Body language is a form of communication that can have influence on how we are understood by others.
In some workplaces, you're likely to with people of different nationalities, so it's helpful to have some of cultural body language. What is acceptable to some people may make others feel uncomfortable. For example, Australians don't have much physical contact. Intentions can misunderstood when it comes to someone in the workplace. Therefore, shaking someone's hands firmly is a used way of greeting in most countries, which that you are open and genuine.
①face→facial 在句中作定语修饰名词expressions，应用形容词作定语，故face改为facial。
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②unspeaking→unspoken unspoken communication“非口语的交流”。
③the→an have an influence on“对……有影响”，influence是元音音素开始的单词，故前面加不定冠词an。
④working→work be likely to do sth.“可能做某事”。
⑤knowledges→knowledge knowledge“知识”，是不可数名词，没有复数形式。have some knowledge of “了解”。
⑥去掉to make sb. do sth.“使某人做某事”，不带to的 不定式作宾语补足语。
⑦can后加be 主语Intentions与misunderstand是被动关系，故用被动语态，故在can后加be。
⑧touch→touching when it comes to doing sth.“当谈到做某事”。
⑨common→commonly 修饰非谓语动词used应用副词作状语，故common改为commonly。
⑩showed→shows 短文整体时态是一般现在时，故该句谓语动词用一般现在时，关系代词which指代主句的全部内容，故谓语动词用单数形式，故showed改为shows。
Ⅱ.语法填空
When 1. (meet) people at the airport, most people smile and shake hands with people they meet. A smile is 2. (universal) acknowledged to be a sign that people feel friendly and happy, but what if we don't know who the new person is? What if we are not introduced by a friend? What if we are meeting a stranger in 3. unfamiliar place? Sometimes people are dangerous and humans have to find ways to protect themselves. We not only have to make sure we can trust people we don't know, 4. also have to show that we are not dangerous. Showing our open hands, 5. (mean) that we are not armed, is used in many cultures today. 6. (use) our right hand, which is usually stronger than the left one, we are to show we are not holding a knife or a gun. It also shows that we ourselves can be trusted and that the other person can trust us.
Not all cultures use the handshake, and people 7. (come) from many Asian cultures do not always touch another person. The traditional greeting in China was to cover the left hand with the right hand and bow. Japanese people might cover one hand with the other hand, 8. (depend) on whom they are greeting, bow slightly 9. quite low. In India, Hindu people join their hands in front of their faces and bow their heads. Even young people in the West nowadays give each other the “high five”， 10. (slap) each other's hands high in the air. They are keeping their hands busy. In almost all cultures, to smile and show an open right hand means, “Welcome, you are safe with me”．
答案与解析
1．meeting 考查非谓语动词。most people与meet是逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词作状语。
2．universally 考查词性转换。设空在句中作状语，修饰谓语动词acknowledged，应用副词，故填universally。
3．an 考查冠词。此处指“一个不熟悉的地方”，表泛指，应用不定冠词，unfamiliar 是元音音素开始的单词，故前面加不定冠词an。
4．but 考查连词。not only ... but also ...“不但……而且……”。
5．meaning 考查非谓语动词。主语Showing our open hands与mean是逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词作定语。
6．Using 考查非谓语动词。we与use是逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词作状语。
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7．coming 考查非谓语动词。people与come是逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词作定语。
8．depending 考查非谓语动词。Japanese people与depend on“取决于” 是逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词作状语。
9．or 考查连词。设空前后的slightly 和 quite low是选择关系，故填连词or。
10．slapping 考查非谓语动词。young people与slap是逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词作状语。
写 作 提 能
用本单元词汇、句式和语法知识写满分作文
假设你是某中学的学生会主席李华。上周，你校邀请美国某大学的史密斯教授来校做了一场关于各国身势语的专题讲座。请你代表你校全体学生，用英语给他写一封感谢信。
(一)根据提示利用本单元所学知识补全短文(无提示处请填写适当的过渡词汇：otherwise、for example)
Dear Professor Smith，
①Representing every student of our school (代表我校全体学生), I'm writing to convey our appreciation to you for ②the lecture concerning body language (关于身体语言的讲座) you gave us last week. In a word, ❶your lecture has not only left a deep impression on us but also broadened our horizons.
Through it, we learned that ③not all cultures greet people in the same way (各种文化背景下人们互致问候的方式不尽相同) nor a gesture means the same. ④For example, the gesture for OK is rude in Brazil and ⑤shaking one's head means “yes” in some countries (摇头在某些国家意味着“是”), which most of us never knew before. ❷We believe the knowledge will be very beneficial when we ⑥communicate with people from other cultures (与来自其他文化的人们交流). ⑦Otherwise, ⑧there are likely to be some misunderstandings when we are communicating (在交流时有可能有一些误解). We hope that you can give us more lectures about foreign cultures in the future.
Thanks again for your wonderful lecture.
Yours，
Li Hua
(二)按要求升级词汇和句式
1．用本单元所学词汇升级加波浪线词汇
In a word→In general/Generally (speaking)
2．按要求升级句式
(1)利用倒装句式升级句❶
not only has your lecture left a deep impression on us but also broadened our horizons
(2)利用省略句升级句❷
We believe the knowledge will be very beneficial when communicating with people from other cultures.
Unit 5 Theme parks
基础巧回顾
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见学生用书P107
单词巧练
写准并记牢
高考与教材
重点单词
1.deed n．[C] 行动；事迹
2.preserve vt.保存；保留 n．[C]保护区
3.swing n．[C] 秋千；摇摆 vt.& vi.摇摆；摆动→swung/swung(过去式/过去分词)
4.advance vt.& vi.前进；提前 n．[U]前进；[C]进步→advanced adj.高级的；先进的
5.various adj.不同的；各种各样的→variety n．[C]变化；多样性→vary vi.改变
6.length n．[U]长度；长→lengthen v.加长→long adj.长的
7.settler n．[C]移民；殖民者→settle vt.& vi.安家；定居；解决→settlement n．[U]定居；解决
8.admission n．[U]允许进入；入场费；承认→admit v.承认
9.amusement n．[U]消遣；[C]娱乐(活动)→amuse vt.使发笑；使快乐
10.attraction n．[C]有吸引力的事物；[U]吸引→attract vt.吸引→attractive adj.吸引人的
11.minority n．[C]少数；少数民族→(反义词)majority n．(常用单数)多数
12.athletic adj.运动的→athlete n. [C]运动员
13.fantasy n．[C]幻想；怪念头→fantastic adj.极好的；了不起的；不现实的
14.tourism n．[U]旅游业→tour n. [C]旅行 vt.旅行；巡回演出→tourist n. [C]游客
阅读单词
15.theme n．题目；主题(曲)
16.unique adj.独一无二的；仅有的
Ⅰ.高考与单句填空
1.(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)Trying to help injured, displaced or sick creatures (creature) can be heartbreaking.
2.(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)Visiting an apple event is a good chance to see, and often taste, a wide variety (vary) of apples.
3.(2015·全国卷Ⅰ)Training for a marathon requires careful preparation and steady, gradual increases in the length (long) of the runs.
4.(2015·全国卷)Hampton Court Palace is open to the public as a major tourist attraction (attract)．
5.(2014·全国卷Ⅰ)Advanced (advance) lights, motors, and building designs have helped save a lot of energy and therefore prevented pollution.
6.(全国卷)It may be only a minority (minor) of young people who play classical instruments.
Ⅱ.教材与单句改错(每题最多2处错误)
1.There are variously kinds of theme parks, with a different park for almost everything: food, culture, science, cartoons, movies or history.variously→various
2.Early American settler were great carpenters—they could build almost anything from wood.settler→settlers
3.Both adults and children like to watch cartoons just for
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17.souvenir n．纪念品
18.tournament n．锦标赛；联赛
amusements.amusements→amusement
4.If you want to experience the ancient days and great deed of English knights and ladies, princes and queens, then England's Camelot Park is the place for you.deed→deeds
短语巧练
写准并记牢
高考与教材
1.be famous for 以……而闻名
2.be familiar with 对……熟悉
3.come true 实现
4.no wonder 难怪；不足为奇
5.have fun 玩得高兴
6.be modelled after 根据……模仿；仿造
7 get close to 接近
8.come to life 活跃起来；苏醒
9.in advance 提前
10.take part in 参加
11.face to face 面对面
Ⅰ.高考与单句填空
1.(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)The tourists are required to make a reservation in advance.
2.(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)The man said that restaurant was famous for its seafood.
3.(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)Larry went above and beyond the call of duty by getting so close to the burning vehicle！
Ⅱ.教材与单句改错(每题最多2处错误)
1.With all these attraction, no wonderful tourism is increasing wherever there is a Disneyland.attraction→attractions; wonderful→wonder
2.Some parks are famous of having the biggest or longest roller coasters.of→for
3.Every area of the park is modelling after life in the days of King Arthur and the Knights of the Round Table.modelling→modelled
句式仿写
原句背诵
我会仿写
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1.whether ... or ...作“无论……还是……”讲，引导让步状语从句，还可作“是……还是……”引导名词性从句
Whether you are travelling through space, visiting a pirate ship or meeting your favourite fairy tale or Disney cartoon character.
无论你是在太空遨游、参观海盗船，还是邂逅你最喜欢的童话故事或者迪斯尼卡通里的人物。
1.无论下不下雨，学生们都必须按时参加会议。
Whether it rains or not, the students have to attend the meeting on time.
2.疑问词－ever引导让步状语从句
Whichever and whatever you like, there is a theme park for you！
不论你喜欢哪一个，喜欢什么，总会有适合你的主题公园！
2.无论你选择什么，你都要接受你自己的选择。
Whatever you choose, you must stand by your decision.
3.not only ... but also ...“不但……而且……”
Futuroscope is not only for individuals, but is also the perfect mix of fun and learning for class outings.
“观测未来”主题公园不仅适合个人，也适合学生全班出游，因为它是娱乐与学习的完美结合。
3.(2017·天津卷)她不仅减肥125磅而且为无家可归的孩子们筹集了25 000美元。
She had not only lost 125 pounds, but also raised $25,000 for homeless children.
重点全突破
Part 1 重点单词
1.various adj.不同的；各种各样的
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①As in China, the climate in Canada varies with the area.
②Chinese food is famous for its wide variety (vary).
③However, views on this problem was varied from person to person. 去掉was
(2)词汇升级(用形容词或短语升级黑体词汇)
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④One of the advantages is that we can find all kinds of topics, such as science, culture and history.various/a variety of/varieties of
后记牢
(1)vary in sth. (大小、形状等)不同；有别
vary with 随……变化/改变
vary from ... to ... 由……到……不等
a variety of/varieties of 各种各样的
◆佳句The students' homework varies in quality.
学生作业的质量参差不齐。
2.preserve vt. (preserved, preserved, preserving) 保护；维护；保存(使免受破坏)；保留∥n.[C] (pl. preserves)保护区
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①In these nature preserves, the rare plants are well preserved. (preserve)
②They tried to preserve their students for harm.for→from
(2)句式升级(用过去分词作状语升级)
Because they are well－preserved in the nature reserve, pandas live a happy life.
→③Well－preserved in the nature reserve, pandas live a happy life.
后记牢
(1)preserve ... from ... 保护……免受……
preserve sth. for ... 为……而保存某物
(2)nature preserve 自然保护区
well－preserved adj. 保存良好的
◆佳句The town is so beautiful because the character of the town is well－preserved.
这个城镇很漂亮，因为它的特色被保存得很好。
3.advance vt.&vi. (advanced, advanced, advancing) 促进；前进；提前∥n.[C](pl.advances) 进步；进展
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①(2017·天津卷)He would call in advance to make sure there was no alcohol at the party.
②With advanced technology, more advances in the robot technology will be made by scientists in the future. (advance)
③He worked so well that he advanced to the position of secretary. advanced前加was
(2)单句写作
如果你能提前告知我你是否有空，我将不胜感激。
④I'd appreciate it if you would let me know in advance whether you are available (or not)．
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后记牢
(1)advance on/upon/towards 朝……前进
be advanced to 被提拔为……
advance in 在……方面取得进步
(2)in advance (of ...) 预先/提前(于……)
make advances in 在……方面取得进步
◆佳句In recent years, we have advanced greatly in our knowledge of the universe.
近年来，我们对宇宙的认识取得了很大进步。
I'd like to invite you to visit the preserve where various wild animals are preserved well. Inform me as soon as possible whether you are able to join me or not, so I can book tickets online in advance.
Part 2 短语与句型
1．no wonder＝It's no wonder (that) ... 难怪；不足为奇
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①(2017·浙江卷)For Pahlsson, its return was a wonder.
②(2016·上海卷)Wondering (wonder) how my mum could consume them so quickly, I began observing her daily routine.
③The visitors were all admiring the Great Wall, one of the seven wonders (wonder) of the world.
④With the rush－hour traffic and the heavy rain, there is no wonder you were late.there→it
(2)单句写作
(2017·全国卷Ⅱ满分作文)我想知道您是否接受我的邀请并参观展览。
⑤I was wondering if/whether you could accept my invitation and visit the exhibition.
后记牢
(1)It's no wonder (that) ... 难怪……；……不足为奇
It is a wonder that ... 奇怪……
in wonder 惊讶地
do/work wonders 创造奇迹
(2)wonder about/at... 对……感到惊讶
wonder whether (if)/when/why/how ...
想知道是否/什么时候/为什么/怎么……
I was wondering if/whether ...(礼貌的请求)我不知是否……
◆佳句He behaved so strangely at the meeting that I wondered about his behavior.他在会议上的表现很奇怪，因此我对他来说的行为感到惊讶。
2.Whichever and whatever you like, there is a theme park for you
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！不论你喜欢哪一个，喜欢什么，总会有适合你的主题公园！
句型公式 whichever /whatever引导让步状语从句
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①(2017·北京卷)Every year, whoever makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival.
②No matter whenever he appears in front of others, he wears a sincere smile.whenever→when
(2)一句多译
无论结果怎样，我们都要微笑着接受，因为我们已经尽了全力。
③Whatever the result is, we should accept it with a smile, because we have tried our best.
④No matter what the result is, we should accept it with a smile, because we have tried our best.
后记牢
(1)引导让步状语从句
(2)whatever、whichever、who(m)ever可引导让步状语从句或名词性从句。
(3)no matter what、no matter which、no matter who(m)只引导让步状语从句。
◆佳句Whichever (＝No matter which) road you take, it will lead you to the station.
无论你走哪一条路都会到达车站。
3.Futuroscope is not only for individuals, but is also the perfect mix of fun and learning for class outings.“观测未来”主题公园不仅适合个人，也适合学生全班出游，因为它是娱乐与学习的完美结合。
句型公式 not only ... but also ... “不但……而且……”，连接并列成分
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①(2016·天津卷)Not only your enthusiasm but also your teamwork and good spirits impress us.
②(全国卷)Not only do the nurses want a pay rise, and they also want reduced hours.and→but
③Not only the students but also their teacher like playing football. like→likes
(2)句式升级(用倒装句升级)
I can not only speak Mandarin fluently, but also know how to work on it to make great progress.
→④Not only can I speak Mandarin fluently, but also know how to work on it to make great progress.
后记牢
(1)用于连接两个表并列关系的主语、谓语、宾语、表语、状语等，其中also可省略。
(2)若连接两个句子，且not only置于句首时，not only后面的主谓部分倒装。
(3)若连接的两个成分作主语，其谓语动词的数通常与最近的主语保持一致。
◆佳句(浙江高考满分作文)By doing so, I can not only share good ideas with others but also learn to express myself clearly.
通过这样做，我不仅能够与他人分享好的想法，而且能学会清楚地表达自我。
No matter where a tourist attraction is, the development of tourism will not only bring in much money
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but also have an influence on the local environment. No wonder that many tourist attractions are limiting the number of tourists.
集训新思路
四 维 夯 基
本部分练习中加黑体词语是必修4 Unit 4的词汇复现，如有遗忘，请及时回顾。
Ⅰ.在空白处填入1个适当的单词或所给单词的正确形式——热考用法
1．According to the statement, this education system is modelled the French one.
答案与解析 after be modelled after“模仿；仿造”，是固定短语。
2．She was educated at Peking University, after which she went on to have her (advance) study abroad.
答案与解析 advanced 设空在句中作定语修饰名词study，应用形容词advanced，意为“高深的；高级的”。
3．One major suggestion at the meeting is that these traditional customs should (preserve)．
答案与解析 be preserved 主语these traditional customs与preserve是被动关系，故用被动语态，设空前已有情态动词should，故设空处填be preserved。
4．I was close to (knock) down the other day when a car dashed to me.
答案与解析 being knocked be close to doing sth.“几乎要做某事；就要做某事”，在该短语中to是介词，其后接动名词作宾语，此处表被动，故用being knocked。
5．It is likely that gates open at 10：30 a．m. and (admit) is free.
答案与解析 admission 设空在句中作主语，故应填名词。admission“入场费”，是不可数名词，故填admission。
6．In general, the country depends on (tour) for much of its income.
答案与解析 tourism 设空在句中作宾语，指“旅游业”，应填名词tourism。
7．This beautiful bird is truly small, with a total (long) of about three inches.
答案与解析 length 设空前是a total，故设空处填long的名词形式length。a total length of ...“总长……”。
8．(2016·浙江卷)I had as much fun (sail) the seas as I now do working with students.
答案与解析 sailing have fun doing sth.“做某事很开心”。
9．I am familiar those famous authors mentioned in his lectures.
答案与解析 with be familiar with ...“熟悉……”。
10．We simply plan to stay in the hotel, because it is easy reach of the beach.
答案与解析 within within easy reach of ...“离……很近”，是固定短语。
Ⅱ.用括号内动词的正确形式填空——不规则变化
1．At that moment, the door (swing) open, and Roy walked in.
答案与解析 swung 设空在句中作谓语，且与and后的walked时态一致，应用一般过去时，故填swung。
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swing(摆动；转动；挥动)—swung—swung—swinging。
2．I (buy) tickets at the entrance and was told tickets were also available online.
答案与解析 bought 设空所填谓语动词与and后的谓语动词时态一致，应用一般过去时，故填bought。buy(买)—bought—bought—buying。
3．When the children heard that news, the whole class (come) to life at once.
答案与解析 came when引导的时间状语从句谓语用的是一般过去时，故设空所填谓语动词应用一般过去时。come to life“活跃起来”。come(来)—came—come—coming。
Ⅲ.改正下列句子中的唯一错误——易错混用
1．We had variety problems on our journey, including a small traffic problem.
答案与解析 variety→various 在句中作定语修饰名词problems，应用形容词，故variety改为various。
2．There are a variety of theme concerning unspoken communication.
答案与解析 theme→themes 根据句中的a variety of可知，可数名词theme应用复数形式。
3．Much to everyone's amusements, the adult turned up for work in a funny shirt.
答案与解析 amusements→amusement to one's amusement“令某人好笑/开心的是”。
4．The opportunity to travel abroad is one of the main attraction of this job.
答案与解析 attraction→attractions 根据句中的one of 可知，attraction应用复数形式。attraction 在本句中意为“吸引人之处”。
5．Our house is center, so we can easily get to theaters and cinemas.
答案与解析 center→central 在句中作表语，应用形容词，故center改为central，意为“中央的；中心的”。
6．He is famous both as a novelist and poet but he is more famous as his novels.
答案与解析 第二个as→for be famous for ... “因为……而闻名”；be famous as ... “作为……而闻名”。
7．His dream of representing China to deliver a speech in the UN is likely to be come true.
答案与解析 去掉be come true“实现”，是不及物动词短语，不用于被动语态，故去掉be。
8．To be honest, it is an unique atmosphere for our association.
答案与解析 an→a unique是辅音音素开始的单词，其前应用不定冠词a。
9．When the settler approached the area, they were faced with great difficulties.
答案与解析 settler→settlers 根据主句中的主语they可知，settler不止一个，应用复数形式，故settler改为settlers。
10．Suddenly I found a stranger getting closely to me, which made me a little nervous.
答案与解析 closely→close get close to sb.“靠近某人”； watch/observe closely“密切地观察”。
Ⅳ.根据语境选出画线部分的正确含义——熟词生义
A. put forward B. managed C. raised
1．They visit the farm area, and learn how people in ancient England ran their farms and took care of their animals. B
2．The date for the meeting was advanced from July 10 to July 1. A
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小题补练
Ⅰ.语法填空
Some theme parks are 1. (amuse) as well as educational. Take the Polynesian Cultural Center (PCC) in Hawaii for example. It not only shows visitors the Polynesian way of life 2. also protects their skills and culture for the future. Polynesia is the name 3. (give) to the many groups of small islands that are spread about the Pacific Ocean.
The PCC is set in 42 acres of beautiful countryside 4. visitors can see seven different traditional Polynesian island villages. Villagers from many island communities come to show tourists their styles of dress and 5. (variety) of customs. For example, you can see different skills of the villagers. You can learn how they make clothes from bark (树皮) and how they climb very tall trees with their bare feet or see what kind of wedding ceremonies they have. 6. (additional), you can learn about their social customs and their unique cooking methods and dances.
Their most important skill is boat－building, which allowed the islanders 7. (explore) all the islands in the Polynesian Triangle. In their history they were sea travellers moving from island 8. island. They were able to find their way using the smell of the wind, the movements of the fish and seaweed, and the height and direction of the waves. They were very clever sailors. Now they use those boat-building skills to make 9. (length) boats and show the races and battles that they took part in long ago. In this way, the skills and technology of the island people can 10. (preserve) well.
答案与解析
1．amusing 考查词性转换。设空在句中作表语，说明主语theme parks的特性，应用以-ing结尾的形容词，故填amusing。amusing“有趣的”。
2．but 考查连词。not only ... but also ...“不但……而且……”。
3．given 考查非谓语动词。give与a name是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词作定语。
4．where 考查定语从句。定语从句先行词是countryside，表地点，从句中缺少地点状语，故用关系副词where引导定语从句。
5．varieties 考查名词的数。varieties of“多样的”。
6．Additionally 考查词性转换。设空在句中作状语，表“另外”，应用副词，故填Additionally。
7．to explore 考查非谓语动词。allow sb. to do sth.“允许某人做某事”。
8．to 考查介词。from ... to ...“从……到……”。
9．long 考查词性转换。设空在句中作定语，修饰名词boats，应用形容词，故填long。
10．be preserved 考查语态。主语the skills and technology与preserve是被动关系，设空前已有情态动词can，故填be preserved。
Ⅱ.短文改错
Located in Shenzhen, China Folk Culture Village is large cultural tourist attraction that presents the folk arts, customs and architecture of the difference ethnic groups of China.
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Covered an area of over 20,000 square meters, it contains 24 typical villages with houses and streets.They reflect on the colorfully Chinese culture in many aspects. The Culture Village was famous for performances of folk dancing and singing and Chinese folk art displays. Beside, various festivals are held regular in a fantastic manner.
China Folk Culture Village will bring you into the charming cultural world of China but it is well worth visited.
答案与解析
Located in Shenzhen, China Folk Culture Village is large cultural tourist attraction that presents the folk arts, customs and architecture of the ethnic groups of China.
an area of over 20,000 square meters, it contains 24 typical villages with houses and streets.They reflect the Chinese culture in many aspects. The Culture Village famous for performances of folk dancing and singing and Chinese folk art displays. various festivals are held in a fantastic manner.
China Folk Culture Village will bring you into the charming cultural world of China it is well worth .
①large前加a 此处指一个大型的旅游胜地，应用不定冠词a。
②difference→different 在句中修饰名词groups应用形容词作定语，故名词difference改为different。
③Covered→Covering 主语it与cover 是逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词作状语。cover an area of ... “占地……面积”。
④去掉on reflect“反映”，是及物动词，后面直接接宾语，故介词on多余。
⑤colorfully→colorful 修饰名词应用形容词作定语，故colorfully改为colorful。
⑥was→is 短文整体时态是一般现在时，故该处用一般现在时，故was改为is。
⑦Beside→Besides 在句中表示补充说明，应用副词besides, beside 是介词，后接名词、代词或动名词作宾语。
⑧regular→regularly 在句中作状语，修饰谓语are held, 应用副词，故regular改为regularly。
⑨but→and/so 前后两句是并列或因果关系，故but改为and或so。
⑩visited→visiting sth. be worth doing“某事值得做”。
写 作 提 能
用本单元词汇、句式和语法知识写满分作文
某英文报的“Tourist Attraction”栏目正面向中学生征文。请根据提示信息写一篇英文短文介绍香港海洋公园。
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①位于香港南部，依山而建，面积超过87万平方米；②1977年开放，是最受喜爱的公园之一；③游客可以了解海洋生物，体验游乐设施和观看各种动物表演。
(一)根据提示利用本单元所学知识补全短文
Hong Kong Ocean Park, situated in the south of Hong Kong, is ①a world-famous marine life theme park (一个世界闻名的海洋生物主题公园) and a famous leisure paradise.
Built on a mountain and covering an area of 870,000 square meters, the park ②is one of the largest marine parks in the world (世界最大的海洋馆之一). ❶It was opened in 1977, and it's ③one of the Hong Kong people's favourite theme parks (香港人最喜爱的主题公园之一). ④The park is famous for unique marine animal exhibits (公园以独特的海洋动物展览而闻名), all kinds of thrilling rides and animal shows.They offer visitors experiences that combine entertainment with education. ⑤No wonder it attracts thousands of visitors every year (难怪它每年吸引成千上万的游客)．
⑥No matter when/Whenever you come here (无论何时你来这里), ❷Hong Kong Ocean Park will not only fill your day with wonders, pleasure and excitement, but it will also reward you with satisfying memories.
(二)按要求升级词汇和句式
1．用本单元所学词汇升级加波浪线词汇
all kinds of→various/varieties of/a variety of
2．按要求升级句式
(1)利用分词作状语升级句❶
Opened in 1977, it's one of the Hong Kong people's favourite theme parks.
(2)利用倒装句升级句❷
Not only will Hong Kong Ocean Park fill your day with wonders, pleasure and excitement, but it will also reward you with satisfying memories.
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必修5
Unit 1 Great scientists
基础巧回顾
见学生用书P112
单词巧练
写准并记牢
高考与教材
重点单词
1.blame vt. 责备；谴责 n．[U]过失；责备
2.absorb vt.吸引；吸收；使专心→absorbed adj.专心致志的；全神贯注的
3.attend vt. 照顾；护理；出席→(熟词生义)处理
4.cure vt.&n.[C] 治愈；痊愈；治疗→(熟词生义)矫正
5.handle n. [C]柄；把手vt. 处理；操纵
6.defeatn.[C，U]失败 vt.打败；战胜；使受挫
7.link vt.连接；联系 n．[C]连接；联系
8.spin vi.& vt. (使)旋转；纺(线或纱)→spun/spun/spinning(过去式/过去分词/现在分词)
9.expose vt. 暴露；揭露→(熟词生义)使曝光→exposure n．[C，U]暴露；揭发
10.conclude vt.& vi. 推断出→(熟词生义)结束→conclusion n．[C]结论；[U]结束
11.contribute vt.& vi.捐献；贡献；捐助；投稿→contribution n．[C]贡献
12.instruct vt.命令；指示；教导→instruction n．[U]教育；指导→instructions (pl.)用法说明；操作指南→instructive adj.富有教育意义的；启发的
13.announce vt.宣布；通告→announcement n．[C]通知；宣告→announcer n．[C]播音员
14.challenge n．[C，U]挑战 vt.向……挑战→challenging adj.挑战性的
15.construct vt.建设；修建→construction n．
Ⅰ.高考与单句填空
1.(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)He said the lucky woman will be announced (announce) on the website and the trip will be shared online.
2.(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)I don't want to get too absorbed (absorb) in modeling.
3.(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)Lots of people find it hard to get up in the morning and put the blame on the alarm clock.
4.(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)Damaged but not defeated (defeat), he was still ahead of me.
5.(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)I often had crazy dreams in which I was to blame (blame) for Miller's accident.
6.(2015·全国卷Ⅰ)With the development of industrialization, the environment has been polluted (pollute)．
Ⅱ.教材与单句改错(每题最多2处错误)
1.He became inspiring when he thought about helping ordinary people exposing to cholera.inspiring→inspired; exposing→exposed
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[U]建设；[C]建筑物
16.pollute vt.污染；弄脏→pollution n．[U]污染→polluted adj.被污染了的
17.reject vt.拒绝；不接受；抛弃→rejection n．[U]拒绝；抛弃
18.scientific adj.科学的→scientifically ad v.科学地→science n．科学→scientist n．[C]科学家
阅读单词
19.enthusiastic adj.热情的；热心的
20.cautious adj.小心的；谨慎的
21.positive adj.积极的；肯定的；确实的
22.suspect vt.认为；怀疑 n．被怀疑者；嫌疑犯
2.His friends were enthusiasm and encouraged him to publish his ideas.enthusiasm→enthusiastic
3.I am positively about my progress in the scientific research.positively→positive
4.All attempts by the experts to cure of him failed.去掉of
5.John Snow suspected the second theory to being correct.being→be
短语巧练
写准并记牢
高考与教材
1.put forward 提出
2.draw a conclusion 得出结论
3.expose ... to 使显露；暴露
4.link ... to ... 将……和……联系或连接起来
5.be to blame 应受谴责/责备
6.make sense 讲得通；有意义
7.(be) strict with ... 对……严格的
8.apart from 除……之外；此外
9.look into 调查
10.lead to 导致；通向
Ⅰ.高考与单句填空
1.(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)Practice leads to success in learning Tang poems.
2.(全国卷Ⅱ)It may not be a great suggestion.But before a better one is put (put) forward, we'll make do with it.
Ⅱ.教材与单句改错(每题最多2处错误)
1.Two other deaths were linked with the Broadstreet outbreak.with→to
2.John Snow looked in the source of the water for these two streets.in→into
3.It's hard to draw conclusion without enough evidence. draw后加a
4.Apart from go to the park, my movement is limited to the neighbourhood.go→going
句式仿写
原句背诵
我会仿写
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1.neither ... nor ... “既不……也不……”，连接两个并列的句子成分
Neither its cause nor its cure was understood.
人们既不知道它的病源，也不了解它的治疗方法。
1.(2016·四川卷) 春天天气不太冷也不太热。
In spring, the weather is neither too cold nor too hot.
2.every time “每次”，作连词用，引导时间状语从句
So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak.
每次霍乱爆发时，都有成千上万惊恐的人病死。
2.(2016·浙江卷)每次他一天结束后到家，我们都在门口迎接他。
Every time he arrived home at the end of the day，we'd greet him at the door.
3.“only＋状语(从句)”位于句首时后面的句子需用部分倒装
Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense.
只有你把太阳放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星的运动才能说得清楚。
3.(湖南卷)只有你找到内心的平静你才能和他人相处得好。
Only when you can find peace in your heart will you get on/along well with others.
重点全突破
Part 1 重点单词
1.conclude (concluded, concluded, concluding) vt.&vi.结束；推断出
先试做
(1)单句填空
①(浙江卷)When the group discussion is nearing its end, make sure to conclude it with important points.
②Last Monday, he concluded (conclude) the meeting by wishing everyone a safe trip home.
(2)一句多译
我从我自己的经历中得出结论：有志者，事竟成。
③I drew/reached/came to a conclusion from my own experiences that where there is a will there is a way. (conclusion)
④I concluded from my own experiences that where there is a will there is a way. (conclude)
后记牢
(1)conclude ... from ... 从……推断出……
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conclude sth.以(做)某事结束某事
(2)come to/reach/draw a conclusion 得出结论
in conclusion 总而言之
◆佳句(2016·四川卷满分作文)In conclusion, I like everything in spring, especially the feelings bathed in the rain and sunshine.
总之，我喜欢春天的一切，尤其是沐浴在雨中和阳光中的感觉。
2.expose vt. (exposed, exposed, exposing) 暴露；揭露；使曝光；使接触；使体验
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①(朗文词典)We want to expose the kids to as much art and culture as possible.
②(全国卷)My husband and I wanted the children to keep exposing to the language and culture.exposing→exposed
(2)句式升级(用分词作定语升级)
Children are exposed to difficult situations.They are better at handling challenging situations.
→③Children exposed to difficult situations are better at handling challenging situations.
后记牢
(1)expose sb./sth. to ... 使某人/某物接触/暴露于……
(be) exposed to ... 暴露于/接触……
(2)expose sth. to sb. 向某人揭发某事
◆佳句(牛津词典)He smiled suddenly, amazingly white teeth.
他突然一笑，露出雪白的牙齿。
3.absorb v. (absorbed, absorbed, absorbing) 吸收(液体、气体、热量)等；吸引；使全神贯注；使并入，吞并
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①(2016·北京卷)However, when something did interest me, I could become absorbed (absorb)．
②The surrounding small towns have absorbed into the city.absorbed前加 been
(2)句式升级(按要求升级句式)
He was so deeply absorbed in working that he forgot all about eating or sleeping.
→③So deeply was he absorbed in working that he forgot all about eating or sleeping.(so ... that ...倒装句)
→④Deeply absorbed in working, he forgot all about eating or sleeping.
(分词作状语)
后记牢
(1)absorb(＝take in) sth. 理解/掌握某事
absorb one's attention 吸引某人的注意
absorb ... into ... 把……吸收进……
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absorb ... from ... 从……中吸收……
(2)(be) absorbed in ... 全神贯注于……
◆佳句(北师大④)I've just been so busy studying and trying to absorb all the new things around me.
我一直忙于学习，尽量理解身边的所有新事物。
4.blame vt. (blamed, blamed, blaming) 责备；谴责∥n.[U]过失；责备
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①Don't always blame your own failure on others. You should take the blame for failure.
②Blaming for the breakdown of the school computer network, Alice was in low spirits.Blaming→Blamed
(2)一句多译
诚实地说，李华应该为这次冲突负责。
③To be honest, Li Hua was to blame for the conflict.(blame v.)
④To be honest, Li Hua should take/bear the blame for the conflict.(blame n．)
后记牢
(1)blame sb.for sth. 因某事责备某人
blame sth. on ... 将某事归咎于……
be to blame (for ...) (对……)负责任
(2)对……负责
◆佳句(江苏卷满分作文)Instead of blaming each other, we should communicate more.
我们应多交流，而不是相互责怪。
5.contribute vt.&vi. (contributed, contributed, contributing) 捐款；贡献；捐助；导致；投稿
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①(2016·四川卷)We're not saying that everyone need to contribute their lives to the poor.
②In conclusion, everyone should make contributions to protect the environment.protect→protecting
(2)单句写作
(2016·天津卷满分作文)这两周的交流活动促进了我们之间更好地了解。
③The two-week exchange activities contributed to a better understanding between us.
后记牢
(1)contribute ... to ... 捐助……给……；向……投稿
contribute to 有助于；导致；向……捐款/投稿
(2)make a contribution/contributions to ... 对……做贡献
◆佳句(2015·全国卷Ⅰ满分作文)I was wondering whether we could have your contribution before June 28.我想知道我们是否能在6月28号前收到你的稿件。
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Now, we are all certain of what is to blame for his poor health. To conclude, years of being exposed to the cold climate as well as all the hard work has contributed to his poor health, which absorbs our attention. However, his contributions to mathematics continue to inspire mathematicians today.
Part 2 短语与句型
1．put forward 提出(建议；计划等)；推荐(某人)；拨快(时钟)；将……提前
先试做
(1)[一词多义]写出下列句中黑体部分的含义
①The advice put forward by the expert is worth considering.提出
②I'll put him forward as a secretary. 推荐
③Remember to put your clock forward by ten minutes. 拨快
④We have put the wedding forward by one week. 将……提前
(2)单句写作
不要这么沮丧。如果你把烦恼抛开，下次你就会做得更好。
⑤Don't be so upset. If you put your worries away, you'll do better next time.
后记牢
put ... aside 把……放在一边
put away 收起放好；放弃(想法)
put down 放下；记下
put off 推迟；延期
put up 举起；抬高；张贴；搭建；留宿；住宿
put up with 忍受；容忍
◆佳句(全国卷)I can put up with the house being untidy, but I hate it if it's not clean.
我可以容忍房子不整洁，但讨厌它不干净。
2.make sense ……有意义；……有道理；……讲得通
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①(2015·天津卷)Your computer has broken down again! It doesn't make sense to buy (buy) the cheapest brand of computer just to save a few dollars.
②(全国卷)Planning so far ahead makes no senses—so many things will have changed by next year.senses→sense
③There's no sense in draw a conclusion without enough evidence.draw→drawing
(2)句式升级(用倒装句式升级)
You should in no sense lose heart; keep trying and your effort will pay off in time.
→④In no sense should you lose heart; keep trying and your effort will pay off in time.
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后记牢
(1)make sense of ... 理解/明白……的意思
It makes sense to do sth. 做某事有意义
(2)in a sense 从某种意义上说
in no sense 决不(用在句首时，句子主谓部分倒装)
(3)a sense of direction/humour/duty方向感/幽默感/责任感
(4)There is no sense in doing sth. 做某事没道理
◆佳句In a sense, he is to blame for the accident.
从某种意义上说，他该为此事故负责。
3.Neither its cause nor its cure was understood. 人们既不知道它的病源，也不了解它的治疗方法。
句型公式 neither＋主语a＋nor＋主语b＋谓语动词(单复数与主语b的数一致)
先试做
单句填空/单句改错
①(牛津词典)I neither knew nor cared what had happened to him.
②Last year, neither the experts nor the physician was (be) enthusiastic about the cure for the severe disease.
③Not only the students but also the teacher were instructed not to be exposed to the sun for too long last summer.were→was
④Either you or one of your students are to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.are→is
后记牢
(1)neither ... nor ...可连接并列的主语、宾语、谓语、表语等。连接并列主语时，谓语的数与靠近它的主语一致。
(2)遵循“就近原则”的其他并列连词：
either ... or ... 不是……就是……
not ... but ... 不是……而是……
not only ... but also ... 不但……而且……
◆佳句Not you but the scientist is to attend the ceremony to be held in our school.不是你而是这个科学家将出席我校举行的典礼。
4.So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak.每次霍乱爆发时，都有成千上万惊恐的人病死。
句型公式 every time＋时间状语从句，相当于whenever，表 “每当……”
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①(浙江卷)“Every time you eat a sweet, drink green tea.” This is what my mother used to tell me.
②On hearing what he said, I couldn't hold back my tears.
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③(2016·浙江卷)The next time when you feel the urge to spread the latest news, think about why you want to gossip.去掉when
(2)一句多译
众所周知，开卷有益。
④As is known, something is learned every/each time a book is opened.(time)
⑤As is known, something is learned the moment/minute/instant a book is opened.(the＋瞬间名词)
后记牢
(1)由time构成的名词词组each time、the first/last time、next time、any time等可用作连词，引导时间状语从句。
(2)the＋瞬间名词minute/instant/second/moment等引导时间状语从句，意为“一……就……”。
(3)on/upon doing/n. 一……就……
◆佳句Our greatest glory consists not in never falling but in rising every time we fall.我们最值得自豪的不在于永不跌倒，而在于每次跌倒之后都站了起来。
In my opinion, neither my friend nor my classmates are as positive as Tom. He is strict in his study and can make sense of even the most confusing physics problem. Apart from that, he is bright enough for his name to be put forward for a scholarship. Every time he meets me, he tells me that challenging oneself is never too late.
集训新思路
四 维 夯 基
本部分练习中加黑体词语是必修4 Unit 5的词汇复现，如有遗忘，请及时回顾。
Ⅰ.在空白处填入1个适当的单词或所给单词的正确形式——热考用法
1．(2015·天津卷) (absorb) in painting, John didn't notice evening approaching.
答案与解析 Absorbed be absorbed in ... “专心于……；全神贯注于……”，在句中作状语，应用过去分词形式。
2．There are perhaps two main (conclude) to be drawn from the above discussion.
答案与解析 conclusions 设空前是数词two，故设空处填复数名词。
3．We were shocked by the (announce) that the amusement park would be closed.
答案与解析 announcement 设空前是定冠词the，故设空处应填名词。announce的名词是announcement。
4．No one knew who had killed her, but the police (suspect) her husband.
答案与解析 suspected 设空所填谓语动词与并列句中的谓语动词knew时态一致，应用一般过去时，故填suspected。
5．We will have to adopt a more (science) approach to preserving the traditional customs.
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答案与解析 scientific 设空后是名词approach，应用形容词作定语，故填scientific，意为“科学的”。
6．The pipe must (link) to the cold water supply.
答案与解析 be linked 主语The pipe与link是被动关系，故用被动语态。设空前是情态动词must，故设空处填be linked。
7．Apart good service the restaurant offers various kinds of traditional Fujian dishes.
答案与解析 from apart from “除……之外还……”，是固定短语。
8．We (reject) his idea for a music club, and decided to have an art club instead.
答案与解析 rejected 设空所填谓语动词与and后的谓语动词时态一致，应用一般过去时，故填rejected。
9．The teacher who is strict her students is also strict her work.
答案与解析 with; in/about be strict with sb.“对某人严格”； be strict about/in sth. “对某事严格”。
10．The manager is cautious making predictions for the success of the tourist attraction.
答案与解析 about be cautious about doing sth. “做某事很谨慎”。
Ⅱ.用括号内动词的正确形式填空——不规则变化
1．Few analysts (foresee) that oil prices would rise so quickly.
答案与解析 foresaw 宾语从句谓语动词是过去将来时，故主句谓语动词用一般过去时，故填foresaw。foresee (预见；预知)—foresaw—foreseen—foreseeing。
2．The ice skater (spin) faster when he heard a loud noise.
答案与解析 was spinning 该句是be doing sth. when 句式，故谓语动词用过去进行时，故填was spinning。spin (旋转；纺线)—spun—spun—spinning。
3．The plan (put) forward at yesterday's meeting, in my opinion, is quite practical.
答案与解析 put put forward与The plan 是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词短语作定语，故填put。put forward“提出”。put (放；提出)—put—put—putting。
4．It (make) sense to work on the problem when he was in charge of the company.
答案与解析 made 从句谓语动词时态是一般过去时，故主句谓语动词用一般过去时，故填made。make sense “有意义；讲得通”。make(制造；使得)—made—made—making。
Ⅲ.改正下列句子中的唯一错误——易错混用
1．Doctors say there are various possible cures of the disease.
答案与解析 of→for cure for ... “……的疗法”。
2．James took all the books off the table to make a room for the computer.
答案与解析 去掉a make room for ... “为……腾出空间”，是固定短语。
3．Only when she gained admission to the college she come to life.
答案与解析 college后加did “only＋when状语从句”置于句首，主谓部分倒装；又根据when从句谓语是一般过去时，故主句应用一般过去时，故college之后加did。
4．If you can't handle about the job I'll get someone else to do it.
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答案与解析 去掉about handle“处理”，是及物动词，后面直接接宾语，故介词about 多余。
5．Neither the students nor the teacher are satisfied with the result.
答案与解析 are→is neither ... nor ...连接并列主语时，谓语的数与靠近它的主语一致，故本句谓语动词的数与the teacher的数一致，故are改为is。
6．Last Sunday, the translator challenged to me to play another tennis game.
答案与解析 去掉第一个to challenge sb. to do sth. “挑战某人做某事”，故去掉第一个to。
7．The park is very attractive that many visitors come to visit it every year.
答案与解析 very→so 此处表达“如此迷人以至于许多游客参观”可知，该句是so ... that ...句式，故very 改为so。
8．The local government will have the new bridge construct soon.
答案与解析 construct→constructed construct与the new bridge是逻辑上的动宾关系，应用过去分词作宾语补足语。
9．The river has polluted by the industrial waste. No wonder the fish in it have all disappeared.
答案与解析 polluted前加been 主语The river与pollute是被动关系，故用被动语态；又根据第二句谓语动词时态可知，第一句谓语动词用现在完成时的被动语态，故在polluted前加been。
10．The children are the helpless victim of the fighting.
答案与解析 victim→victims 根据句中主语The children可知，victim应用复数形式。
Ⅳ.根据语境选出画线部分的正确含义——熟词生义
A. suspects B. professional
C. make me fail D. get me stuck
1．Sandy learned to cook Chinese food with the help of expert chefs. B
2．This new discovery challenges traditional beliefs. A
3．It was the last question on the paper that defeated me. D
小题补练
短文改错
Educated people in the twenty-first century may be surprising to find 200 years ago people didn't link illness to problems in the environment. We all know that in London drinking polluting water caused much deaths. There was a clue to it because of it always started in the poor neighbourhood. Then it spread to the richer areas as some servant passed it on.
Many doctors suspect that poisonous water was to blame. John Snow's investigation proved the dirty the water, the more severe the illness. So the government and the doctors concluded the water must purified. They instructed people terrifying of cholera to remove the handle from pumps if the water was infected. Thus cholera was defeat in the end.
答案与解析
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Educated people in the twenty-first century may be to find 200 years ago people didn't link illness to problems in the environment. We all know that in London drinking water caused deaths. There was a clue to it because it always started in the poor neighbourhood. Then it spread to the richer areas as some passed it on.
Many doctors that poisonous water was to blame. John Snow's investigation proved the the water, the more severe the illness. So the government and the doctors concluded the water must purified. They instructed people of cholera to remove the handle from pumps if the water was infected. Thus cholera was in the end.
①surprising→surprised 在句中作表语，说明主语Educated people的心理感受，应用以-ed结尾的分词，故surprising改为surprised，表“感到吃惊的”。
②polluting→polluted pollute与water是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词作定语。
③much→many 修饰复数名词deaths应用many，much修饰不可数名词。
④去掉of because of 是介词短语，后接名词、代词或动名词作宾语；because后接从句。
⑤servant→servants 根据句中的some可知可数名词servant应用复数形式。
⑥suspect→suspected 短文整体时态是一般过去时，故该处谓语动词用一般过去时。
⑦dirty→dirtier 此处是“the＋比较级，the ＋比较级”结构，故dirty 应用比较级。
⑧must后加be purify与the water 是被动关系，故用被动语态。
⑨terrifying→terrified be terrified of sth. “害怕某物”， 在句中作定语应用过去分词形式。
⑩defeat→defeated defeat 与cholera是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词表被动。
写 作 提 能
用本单元词汇、句式和语法知识写满分作文
假设你是李华，想向你校英文报名人专栏投稿，介绍你崇拜的医学专家屠呦呦。请按以下要点写作：
①身份；②所做贡献；③感想。
(一)根据提示利用本单元所学知识补全短文
Tu Youyou, the first Chinese woman to win a Nobel Prize in medicine, was born in 1930. She discovered artemisinin (青蒿素), a drug that has reduced the death rates for ①patients (who were) exposed to (接触……的病人) malaria (疟疾)．
❶After graduation, ②she absorbed herself/was absorbed in studying traditional Chinese medicine (她专心于研究传统中药) and wanted to find ③a cure for malaria (疟疾的疗法). In her study process, though ④defeated many times (失败了多次， 用分词作状语), she never gave up. At last she came up with many advanced
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theories and ⑤her discovery made a great contribution to the development of traditional Chinese medicine (她的发现对传统中药的发展做出了巨大贡献)．
❷From her, I realize that it ⑥makes sense (有意义) only if one can do something successfully in life.
(二)按要求升级词汇和句式
1．用本单元所学词汇升级加波浪线词汇
came up with→put forward
2．按要求升级句式
(1)利用分词作状语升级句❶
After graduation, absorbing herself/absorbed in studying traditional Chinese medicine, she wanted to find a cure for malaria.
(2)利用倒装句升级句❷
From her, I realize that only if one can do something successfully in life does it make sense.
Unit 2 The United Kingdom
基础巧回顾
见学生用书P118
单词巧练
写准并记牢
高考与教材
重点单词
1.accomplish vt. 完成；达到；实现→accomplishment n．[C]成就；[U]完成
2.arrange vt.筹备；安排→(熟词生义)整理→arrangement n．[C]安排；布置；整理
3.attract vt.吸引；引起注意→attraction n．[U]吸引；吸引力；[C]有吸引力的人/物→attractive adj.有吸引力的
4.convenience n．[U]便利；方便；[C]便利设施→convenient adj.方便的→(反义词)inconvenient adj.不方便的
5.consist vi.组成；在于；一致→consistent adj.一致的
6.delight n．[U]快乐；高兴；[C]乐事 vt.使高兴；使欣喜→delighted adj.高兴的；快乐的→delightful adj.令人高兴的
Ⅰ.高考与单句填空
1.(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)I would appreciate it if you could reply at your earliest convenience (convenient)．
2.(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)I'm more than delighted (delight) to invite you to join the table tennis team.
3.(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)You'll certainly find the exhibition most enjoyable (enjoy) and fall in love with the art.
4.(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)The studio was unwilling to give (give) the role to the author at first.
5.(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)But for tourists
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7.description n．[C，U]描写；描述→describe vt.描述；形容；描绘
8.enjoyable adj.愉快的；快乐的→enjoy vt.享受→enjoyment n．[U]享受；[C]乐事
9.fold vt.折叠；对折→(反义词)unfold vt.展开；打开
10.furnished adj.带家具的→furnish vt.装修；布置→furniture n．[U]家具
11.possibility n．[C，U]可能(性)→possible adj.可能的→(反义词)impossible adj.不可能的→possibly ad v.可能地
12.thrill vt.使激动；使胆战心惊→thrilled adj.激动的→thrilling adj.令人激动的
13.collection n．[C]收藏品；专辑；[U]收集→collect vt.收集；聚集；募捐
14.unwilling adj.不乐意的→(反义词)willing adj. 乐意的→willingly ad v.乐意地
阅读单词
15.statue n．塑像；雕像 16.clarify vt.澄清；阐明
17.conflict n．矛盾；冲突 18.alike adj.相同的；类似的
like me, pandas are its top attraction (attract)．
6.(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)A travel company in Hong Kong, says it regularly arranges (arrange) quick getaways here for people living in Shanghai and Hong Kong.
Ⅱ.教材与单句改错(每题最多2处错误)
1.England is the largest of the four countries, and for conveniences it is divided roughly to three zones.conveniences→convenience; to→into
2.You will live in a town in England in a furnishing house.furnishing→furnished
3.Happily this accomplished without conflict when King James of Scotland became King of England and Wales as well.accomplished前加was
4.The first person writes a sentence and folded the paper over his writing, so the next person can't see it.folded→folds
5.She was thrilling by so many wonderful treasures from different cultures displayed in the museum.thrilling→thrilled
短语巧练
写准并记牢
高考与教材
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1.break down (机器)损坏；破坏
2.break away (from) 挣脱(束缚)；脱离
3.consist of 由……组成
4.divide ... into 把……分成
5.in memory of 纪念
6.leave out 省去；遗漏；不考虑
7.refer to 谈到；说到；参考；
涉及
8.take the place of 代替
9.to one's credit 为……带来荣誉；值
得赞扬
10.keep one's eyes open 留心看
11.make a list of 列……的清单
12.at one time 曾经；一度
Ⅰ.高考与单句填空
1.(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)At one time, I even felt my parents couldn't understand me.
2.(2014·全国卷Ⅰ)Then he said they had found a pile of papers in their trash can (垃圾桶) that had been left (leave) out on the footpath.
3.(全国卷Ⅰ)Be sure to make a list of all of her medicines and what times she takes them.
Ⅱ.教材与单句改错(每题最多2处错误)
1.England can be dividing into three areas.dividing→divided
2.It contained statues in the memory of dead poets and writers.去掉the
3.In their credit the four countries do work together in some areas.In→To
句式仿写
原句背诵
我会仿写
1.过去分词(短语)作状语
Worried about the time available, Zhang Pingyu had made a list of the sites she wanted to see in London.
由于担心时间不够，张萍玉早就把她想要在伦敦参观的地点列了一张清单。
1.我们躺在沙滩上享受阳光，轻松快乐。
Delighted and relaxed, we lay on the beach and enjoyed the sunshine.
2.状语从句的省略
It looked splendid when first built！
刚建成的时候，它看起来真是金碧辉煌！
2.当被问及他对教学工作的看法时，菲利普说他发现教学有趣而有意义。
When asked for his views about his teaching job, Philip said he found it very interesting and rewarding.
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3.It seemed strange that ...“……似乎有点儿奇怪”，should have done表示对过去发生的事情感到惊讶
It seemed strange that the man who had developed communism should have lived and died in London.
这似乎是一件怪事：这位发展了共产主义的人竟然在伦敦生活过，并且在伦敦去世。
3.看起来很奇怪，他竟然拒绝了我们提出的行之有效的建议。
It seemed strange that he should have rejected the practical suggestion put forward by us.
重点全突破
Part 1 重点单词
1.convenience n．①[U]便利；方便；②[C]便利的事物；便利设施 (pl. conveniences)
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①The secretary arranged a convenient (convenience) time and place for the applicants to have an interview.
② The house had all the modern conveniences (convenient) that were unusual at that time.
③The house is so conveniently for several schools that its price is high.conveniently→convenient
(2)一句多译
(2017·全国卷Ⅲ满分作文)如果你感兴趣，请尽早报名。
④If you are interested, please sign up at your earliest convenience.(convenience)
⑤If you are interested, please sign up when it is convenient to/for you.(convenient)
后记牢
(1)for convenience 为了方便起见
at one's convenience 在某人方便的时候
(2)It is convenient (for sb.) to do sth. (某人)方便做某事
sth. be convenient for sth. 某物离某物很近
when it be convenient for/to sb. 某人方便的时候
(3)convenient作表语时，不可用人作主语，而要用物作主语或用it作形式主语。
◆佳句The hotel is conveniently located close to the beach, thus making it popular among tourists.宾馆坐落在海滩附近，非常方便，因而大受游客欢迎。
2.attract vt. (attracted, attracted, attracting) 吸引；引起注意
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先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①What attracted me most was that there are many attractions, including the delicate china and the unique dresses. They were so attractive as to attract eyes from every corner of the world.(attract)
②(2016·四川卷)Even the youngest children in the class were attracting by the story.attracting→attracted
(2)句式升级(用分词作状语升级)
She was attracted by the beauty of the West Lake, so she decided to stay another two days.
→③Attracted by the beauty of the West Lake, she decided to stay another two days.
后记牢
(1)attract one's attention/interest 吸引某人的注意力/兴趣
attract sb.to sth. 吸引某人关注某事
attract sb. to sp. 吸引某人到某地
(2)attraction n．①[U]吸引；②[C]有吸引力的人或物
(3)be attractive to ... 对……有吸引力
◆佳句Historical buildings are both attractive and important to the majority of people.
历史建筑对大多数人而言既迷人又重要。
3.arrange vt. (arranged, arranged, arranging) 筹备；安排；整理
先试做
(1)单句填空
①Everything arranged (arrange) for the meeting proved successful. The president arranged for a banquet to host the leaders. Apart from that, a wonderful performance was arranged to feast (feast) their eyes. To conclude, all the arrangements (arrange) got highly praised.
(2)单句写作
(2015·全国卷Ⅱ满分作文)我很高兴地告诉你我们已安排参观敬老院。
②I'm delighted to tell you that we have arranged a visit to a nursing home.
后记牢
(1)arrange sth. for sb. 为某人安排某事
arrange to do sth. 安排做某事
arrange for ... to do sth. 安排……做某事
as arranged 按照安排
(2)make arrangements for ... 为……做安排
(arrangement常用复数形式)
◆佳句(牛津词典)We us from the airport.
我们安排了汽车到机场接我们。
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4.delight n. ①[U]快乐；高兴；②[C]令人高兴的事情 (pl. delights) ∥vt.&vi. (delighted, delighted, delighting) (使)高兴；(使)欣喜
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①I am delighted to tell (tell) you something about the College Entrance Examination.
②It is a delight to see them play with delight in the park.
③She is a kind-hearted lady who takes delights in helping others.delights→delight
(2)句式升级(按要求升级句式)
I'm delighted to have been chosen from hundreds of applicants to attend the opening ceremony.
→④To my delight, I was chosen from hundreds of applicants to attend the opening ceremony.(介词短语)
→⑤What delighted me was that I was chosen from hundreds of applicants to attend the opening ceremony.(what引导主语从句)
→⑥It delighted me/was a delight that I was chosen from hundreds of applicants to attend the opening ceremony.(it作形式主语的主语从句)
后记牢
(1)with delight 高兴地
to one's delight 令某人高兴的是
It is a delight to do ... 做……是一件快乐的事
(2)take delight in ... 以……为乐
delight sb.with sth. 用某物使某人高兴
delight in (doing) ... 喜欢做……
be delighted at/by/with ... 为……高兴
be delighted to do sth. 高兴地做某事
◆佳句What delighted the fans was that the young player performed extremely well in the table tennis tournament.
使粉丝们高兴的是，这个年轻的选手在乒乓球比赛中表现得极其出众。
It is a delight for me to invite you to join us in the outing to the place which attracts so many tourists. To my credit, I have arranged everything properly for us so that we can all have an enjoyable trip. Do inform me whether you can come or not at your earliest convenience.
Part 2 短语与句型
1．consist of ... 由……组成 (同义短语：be made up of .../be composed of ...)
先试做
(1)单句填空/短文填空
①(2016·天津卷)Students are provided with a packed lunch consisting (consist) of a sandwich, a drink and a dessert.
②Life mainly consists of happiness and sorrow while happiness and sorrow consist in struggle. Remember
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that your ideal life does not always consist with the reality.
(2)句型转换
The results are entirely consistent with our earlier research.
→③The results entirely consist with our earlier research.
后记牢
(1)be made up of/be composed of 由……组成
(2)consist in＝lie in 在于；存在于
consist with ... 与……一致/相符
(3)be consistent with ... 和……一致/相符
◆佳句 ability to continue efforts through failures.成功在于百折不挠。
2.break down ①不及物：(机器)出故障；(谈判等)失败；(身体)垮掉；崩溃；②及物：打破；消除；划分；分解
先试做
(1)[一词多义]写出下列句中黑体部分的含义
①(牛津词典)The telephone system has broken down.出故障
②Talks between them broke down with no agreement reached.(谈判)失败
③(牛津词典)Her health broke down under the pressure of work. (身体)垮掉
④Each lesson is broken down into several units.划分
(2)单句改错
⑤The room is in a mess. It must have been broken in.in→into
后记牢
break away (from) 离开；脱离
break in (不及物) 插嘴；闯入
break into (及物) 闯入；突然……起来
break out (战争、火灾等)爆发
break up 拆散；驱散；使(关系等)破裂；解散；分手
break through 取得突破；克服
◆佳句When Abraham Lincoln was elected president, the southern states broke away and formed a new nation.当亚柏拉罕·林肯当选为总统时，南部各州脱离出去，成立了一个新的国家。
3.It seemed strange that the man who had developed communism should have lived and died in London.这似乎是一件怪事：这位发展了共产主义的人竟然在伦敦生活过，并且在伦敦去世。
句型公式 ①It seems(ed)＋adj.＋that ... “好像/似乎……”；②It is＋adj./n.＋that＋主语 ＋should do ...
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)However, my parents didn't seem to think (think) so.
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②It seems strange that the computer we just bought would have broken down.would→should
(2)一句多译
虽然我们会因一时的失败而痛苦。但是，重要的是我们不应该失去继续尝试的热情。
③Though we may suffer from failure from time to time, it is important that we (should) not lose the enthusiasm to keep on trying. (it is ... that)
④Though we may suffer from failure from time to time, what is important is that we (should) not lose the enthusiasm to keep on trying.(what引导主语从句)
后记牢
(1)There seems(ed) to be ...好像有……
seem to do/be doing/have done ...好像要做/在做/已经做了……
(2)以下两种主语从句常用虚拟语气，谓语动词用“(should＋)动词原形”：
It be strange/important/natural/necessary/surprising that ...
It is/was a pity/a shame that ...
◆佳句It seems astonishing that he should have broken away from his family at such an early age.他这么小就离开他的家人，真是令人吃惊。
It is a good idea to get away from your busy work to take a trip in case you break down. As far as I'm concerned, it seems that no other things can take the place of traveling, for it consists of many enjoyable experiences.
集训新思路
四 维 夯 基
本部分练习中加黑体词语是必修5 Unit 1的词汇复现，如有遗忘，请及时回顾。
Ⅰ.在空白处填入1个适当的单词或所给单词的正确形式——热考用法
1．It is necessary that we (expose) to different cultures.
答案与解析 (should) be exposed It is necessary that ...主语从句谓语动词用“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略；从句主语we与expose是被动关系，故用被动语态，故填(should) be exposed。
2．The student (accomplish) the difficult task in less than ten minutes, which surprised us all.
答案与解析 accomplished 定语从句谓语动词是一般过去时，故主句谓语用一般过去时，故填accomplished。
3． (divide) into four groups, the whole class began to analyse the problem.
答案与解析 Divided be divided into ... “被分成……”，在句中作状语，应用过去分词形式。
4．We paid a visit to Guilin, whose beauty was beyond (describe)．
答案与解析 description beyond description “无法描述”。
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5．Jane was (willing) to admit she was wrong until we presented all the evidence.
答案与解析 unwilling 根据语境“简不愿意承认她错了直到我们拿出所有的证据”可知，该空填willing 的反义词unwilling。
6．Cars have become a popular means of transport, bringing great (convenient) to our life.
答案与解析 convenience 设空前是及物动词bring，故设空处应填名词。该处指“便利”，故填convenience。
7．I have never attended such an (enjoy) wedding before.
答案与解析 enjoyable 设空在句中作定语，修饰名词wedding，故用形容词作定语。enjoyable “愉悦的”。
8．The physicist stood there silently with his arms (fold)．
答案与解析 folded 在with结构中，fold 与his arms是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词作宾语补足语。
9．She remained positive when she found herself conflict with her parents.
答案与解析 in in conflict with sb. “与某人发生冲突”。
10．She was (thrill) to hear that her daughter was cured by the physician.
答案与解析 thrilled 设空在句中作表语，说明主语She的心理感受，应用以-ed结尾的形容词，故填thrilled。
Ⅱ.用括号内动词的正确形式填空——不规则变化
1．He (leave) out the details, which made his teacher disappointed.
答案与解析 left 从句谓语动词是一般过去时，故主句谓语动词用一般过去时，填left。leave out “遗漏；忽略；冷落”。leave (留下)—left—left—leaving。
2．He (break) away from his family and went abroad.
答案与解析 broke 设空所填谓语动词与and后的谓语动词went时态一致，应用一般过去时，故填broke。break away from“脱离”。break (打破)—broke—broken—breaking。
3．When she saw many visitors enjoying seeing the beautiful Chinese vases on show, she (feel) proud of her country.
答案与解析 felt 从句谓语动词是一般过去时，故主句谓语用一般过去时。feel proud of ... “为……觉得骄傲”。feel(感觉；觉得)—felt —felt —feeling。
4．She (make) a list of things she must buy before she drove to the market.
答案与解析 had made 设空所填谓语动词的动作先于从句谓语动词drove之前，应用过去完成时，故填had made。make a list of ... “列出……的清单”。make (制造；使得)—made—made—making。
Ⅲ.改正下列句子中的唯一错误——易错混用
1．I have arranged my enthusiastic secretary to pick you up at the airport.
答案与解析 arranged后加for arrange for sb. to do sth. “安排某人做某事”。
2．You can hardly imagine how delightful I was with the movement.
答案与解析 delightful→delighted 在句中作表语，说明主语I的心理感受，应用形容词delighted，意为“高兴的”； delightful “令人开心的”。
3．There is no possibility he will be defeated in the game.
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答案与解析 possibility后加that 同位语从句连接词that不省略。there is no possibility that ...“……没有可能”。
4．Rough speaking, there are three possible ways to handle the problem.
答案与解析 Rough→Roughly roughly speaking “粗略地说”，是固定短语。
5．Computers can not take place of human brains, and nor can other machines.
答案与解析 take后加the take the place of “代替”，冠词the 不能省略。
6．What you have said today is not consistent of what the suspect told me.
答案与解析 of→with be consistent with ... “与……一致”。
7．The museum houses one of the finest collection of impressionist art.
答案与解析 collection→collections 根据句中的one of the 可知，collection应用复数形式。collection “收藏品”。
8．The woman broke away the police, but was later caught.
答案与解析 away后加from break away from“脱离”。
9．The husband quarreled his wife about who should do the housework last night.
答案与解析 quarreled后加with quarrel with sb. “与某人争吵”。
10．The football team, consisted of 22 players and three coaches, was faced with the big challenge.
答案与解析 consisted→consisting或在consisted前加which consist of ...“由……组成”，只能用于主动语态，作定语应用现在分词形式，故consisted改为consisting。或将此句看为非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，应用关系代词which引导非限制性定语从句，故在consisted前加which。
Ⅳ.根据语境选出画线部分的正确含义——熟词生义
A. decorate B. put in order C. provided
1．I have arranged my books neatly on my shelf. B
2．The company furnished the painter with the necessary information. C
小题补练
语法填空
In my neighbourhood lives a respected teacher, who has two daughters named Angela and Alina. They are twin sisters, 1. are good-looking as well as hard-working. I often see them 2. (seat) at the desk, doing their homework after class. Compared 3. them, I had a lot to improve in the past. I often forgot to do my homework and failed the exams, which made my parents 4. (disappoint)．
One day, a terrible hurricane 5. (strike) our hometown, which made us all 6. (frighten). After the hurricane, I walked out and found the road 7. (block) by a fallen tree. Angela and Alina also saw it and they came towards me. We called on other people, worked together and finally had the tree 8. (remove) from the road. Since that day, 9. have become good friends. Influenced by them, I like studying now and I 10. (firm) believe that I'll make my dream of
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going to college come true as long as I work hard.
答案与解析
1．who 考查定语从句。定语从句先行词是twin sisters，从句中缺少主语，故用关系代词who引导定语从句。
2．seated 考查非谓语动词。be seated “就座”， 在句中作补语，应用过去分词。
3．to/with 考查介词。compared with/to ... “与……相比较”。
4．disappointed 考查非谓语动词。根据语境此处指让父母失望，故用disappointed，表示“失望的”。
5．struck 考查时态。句中时间状语是One day，故谓语动词用一般过去时，填struck。
6．frightened 考查非谓语动词。此处指“我”感到害怕，故用过去分词作宾语补足语。
7．blocked 考查非谓语动词。block与the road是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词作宾语补足语。
8．removed 考查非谓语动词。remove与the tree是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词作宾语补足语。
9．we 考查代词。设空在句中作主语，指“作者和孪生姐妹”，应用主格代词we作主语。
10．firmly 考查词性转换。设空在句中作状语修饰谓语动词believe，应用副词，故填firmly。
写 作 提 能
用本单元词汇、句式和语法知识写满分作文
假设你是李华，你校的外教Lucy打算下周末去北京进行一次短途旅行，希望你推荐一个最值得去的景点。请你用英文回信，向她推荐颐和园。内容包括：
①简要介绍颐和园(中国现存的最完整的皇家花园，著名景点包括昆明湖、万寿山、十七孔桥等)；②如有需要，愿意陪同前往。
(一)根据提示利用本单元所学知识补全短文
Dear Lucy，
I'm more than glad to hear that you are taking a short trip to Beijing. I'd like to recommend the Summer Palace to you.
It is the most complete imperial garden that exists in China. No other palaces can ①take the place of the Summer Palace (代替颐和园). It is ②a famous tourist attraction (一个著名的旅游胜地) for tourists all over the world, which is made up of Kunming Lake, Wanshou Hill, the 17-Arch Bridge and many other attractions.
When you wander around it, it may seem strange to you that the ancient Chinese ③should have built such splendid buildings (竟然能建造如此壮观的建筑物). ④If you don't have enough time available but don't want to leave out any attractions (如果你没有足够的时间但又不想遗漏任何景点), I suggest that you ⑤make a list of what you want to see (列出你想看的地方的清单). ❶While you are visiting the palace, ⑥keep your eyes open to make your trip enjoyable (留心看以使你的旅行愉快)．
❷If it is necessary, I'd like to be your guide and give you a detailed description during your trip.
Yours，
Li Hua
(二)按要求升级词汇和句式
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1．用本单元所学词汇升级加波浪线词汇
(1)glad→delighted
(2)is made up of→consists of
2．按要求升级句式
利用状语从句的省略形式升级句❶和❷
①While visiting the palace, keep your eyes open to make your trip enjoyable.
②If necessary, I'd like to be your guide and give you a detailed description during your trip.
Unit 3 Life in the future
基础巧回顾
见学生用书P124
单词巧练
写准并记牢
高考与教材
重点单词
1.lack vi.& vt. 缺乏；没有 n．[U]缺乏；短缺的东西
2.switch n．[C]开关；转换 vt. 转换
3.adjustment n．[C，U]调整；调节→adjust vt.调整；调节→adjustable adj.可调节的；可调整的
4.impression n．[C]印象；感想；印记→impress v.使留下深刻印象→impressive adj.给人深刻印象的
5.instant n．[C]瞬间；片刻 adj.立即的；立刻的→instantly ad v.立即；立刻
6.constant adj.时常发生的；连续不断的→constantly ad v.不断地
7.previous adj. 在前的；早先的→previously ad v.先前；在之前
8.press vi.& vt.按；压；逼迫 n．[C]按；压；印刷；新闻→pressure n．[U]压力
9.settlement n．[U]定居；解决→settle v.定居；解决→settler n．[C]定居者
10.surroundings n．(常用复数)周围的事物；环境→surrounding adj.周围的
11.tolerate vt.容忍；忍受→tolerance n．
Ⅰ.高考与单句填空
1.(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)Hundreds of people have formed impressions (impress) of you through the telephone.
2.(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)Her lack of proper training in law got her rejected by the law firm.
3.(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)The nursery team switches (switch) him every few days with his sister.
4.(2014·全国卷Ⅰ)The purpose of the programme is to develop our interest in English learning and get us motivated (motivate)．
5.(2014·全国卷)Instead of blaming the child who had broken the vase, she gave him a tolerant (tolerate) smile and let him go.
6.(2014·全国卷)No one in the carriage had previously (previous) spoken to or even noticed the
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[U]容忍；宽容→tolerant adj. 宽容的
12.uncertain adj. 不确切的；无把握的→uncertainly ad v.不确切地；无把握地→(反义词)certain adj.确切的；有把握的
13.motivation n．[U]动机→motivate vt.刺激；使有动机→motivated adj.有动机的；有积极性的
阅读单词
14.optimistic adj.乐观(主义)的
15.exhausted adj.筋疲力尽的；疲惫不堪的
16.swallow vt.吞咽
ticket-owner before.
Ⅱ.教材与单句改错(每题最多2处错误)
1.At first my new surrounding were difficult to tolerate.surrounding→surroundings
2.I have to remind myself constant that I am really in AD 3008.constant→constantly
3.Those carriages float above the ground and by bending or press down in your seat, you can move swiftly.press→pressing
4.Below are some of the main aspect of life today.aspect→aspects
5.I was very nervous and uncertainly at first.uncertainly→uncertain
短语巧练
写准并记牢
高考与教材
1.(a) lack of ……方面的短缺
2.lose sight of ... 看不见……
3.take up 拿起；接受；开始；继
续；占用
4.be greedy for ... 对……贪婪
5.be similar to ... 与……相似
6.be back on one's feet (困境后)恢复；完全复原
7.in all directions 向四面八方
8.speed up 加速
9.slide into (快捷而悄声地)移动；溜进……
10.sweep up 打扫；横扫
Ⅰ.高考与单句填空
1.(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)The instructor kept repeating the words, “Speed up！” “Slow down！” “Turn left！”
2.(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)Minutes after the last movie ended yesterday at the Plaza Theater, employees were busy sweeping up popcorns and gathering coke cups.
3.(2015·全国卷Ⅰ)You can't be successful when there's a lack of trust in a relationship.
Ⅱ.教材与单句改错(每题最多2处错误)
1.I lost the sight of Wang Ping when we reached what looked like a large market.去掉the
2.Too many carriages flew by in all direction.direction→directions
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3.A giant machine, always greedily for more, swallows all the waste available.greedily→greedy
句式仿写
原句背诵
我会仿写
1.过去分词短语作状语
Hit by a lack of fresh air, my head ached.
由于缺乏新鲜的空气，我感到头痛。
1.(2016·北京卷)订购于一周多前，现在书随时都会到。
Ordered over a week ago, the books are expected to arrive any time now.
2.形容词在句中作原因状语
Exhausted, I slid into bed and fell fast asleep.
我感到累极了，爬上床很快就睡着了。
2.我对他们的娴熟感到吃惊，决定要像他们一样好。
Amazed at how skillful they were, I determined to be just as good.
3.where引导定语从句，修饰表地点的名词
Well, now there's a system where the waste is disposed of using the principles of ecology.
现在，这里有一种装置，能利用生态学原理处理掉废弃物。
3.他处于一种难以分辨是非的局面。
He got into a situation where it is hard to decide what is right and wrong.
重点全突破
Part 1 重点单词
1.lack vt.&vi. (lacked, lacked, lacking) 缺乏；短少∥n.[U](常用单数)缺乏；短缺的东西
先试做
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(1)单句填空/单句改错
①There is a lack of understanding between the groups.
②Though lacking (lack) money, his parents managed to get him well educated.
③Lacking of confidence prevented him from accomplishing his goal.Lacking→Lack或去掉of
(2)一句多译
他们缺乏与他人交流的能力，因此在比赛中失败了。
④They lacked the skill to communicate with others, so they failed in the competition.(lack vt.)
⑤They were lacking in the skill to communicate with others, so they failed in the competition. (lacking in)
⑥Lacking the skill to communicate with others, they failed in the competition.(分词作状语)
⑦For lack of the skill to communicate with others, they failed in the competition.(介词短语)
后记牢
(1)lack sth. 缺少某物(不用于被动语态)
(2)for lack of ... 因缺乏……
a lack of sth. 缺乏某物
(3)lacking adj. 短缺的；缺乏的
be lacking in ... 缺少……
◆提醒(1)lack作名词时，常与介词of连用。
(2)lack作动词时可用作及物动词，其后直接接宾语，但不可用于被动语态。
(3)形容词lacking常与介词in连用。
◆佳句More and more high-rise buildings have been built in big cities for lack of space.由于缺少空间，大城市里建起了越来越多的摩天大楼。
2.adjustment n．[C，U]调整；调节； 适应
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①This adjustable (adjust) seat is so comfortable that I may take a nap.
②(2015·江苏卷)Some schools will have to make adjustments (adjust) in agreement with the national soccer reform.
③He adjusted himself to live in the countryside.live→living
(2)一句多译
虽然天气、食物与你以往的有所不同，我相信你会很快适应的。
④I think that you will quickly adjust(yourself)to them though the weather and the food are different from yours.
⑤I think that you will quickly make adjustments to them though the weather and the food are different from yours.
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后记牢
(1)make an adjustment/adjustments to ... 对……做出调整
(2)adjust to (doing ) sth. 适应(做)某事
adjust oneself to ... 使自己适应……
adjust ... to ... 调整……以适应……
◆提醒 在adjust to .../make an adjustment to .../make adjustments to ...三个短语中，to是介词，其后接名词、代词或动名词作宾语。
◆佳句Make sure you adjust your driving speed according to the speed limit.确保根据速度限制调整驾驶速度。
3.instant n．[C]瞬间；片刻 (pl. instants)∥adj.立即的；立刻的
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①The instant Apple's new iPhone 8 and iPhone X could be bought, many fans instantly (instant) went to buy one. So all the Apple stores were crowded with buyers for/in an instant.
②Instantly when I saw him I knew he was the suspect.去掉when
(2)一句多译
我一看见她就认出她了。
③ I recognized her the instant/moment/minute I saw her.
④ I recognized her instantly/immediately/directly I saw her.
后记牢
(1)at that instant 当时；那一刻
in an instant＝instantly 立刻；马上
for an instant 一瞬间
(2)the instant/instantly＋从句 一……就……
(3)表“一……就……”的结构还有：
the minute/the moment、directly/immediately、as soon as、no sooner ... than ...、hardly ... when ...
I am optimistic about the idea that books in the future will be quite different in many aspects from what they are now. To begin with, the colour of the books will be adjusted instantly according to how our surroundings change, which will be beneficial to our eyes. Besides, they will not lack related video information that can broaden our horizons.
Part 2 短语与句型
1．take up拿起；接受；开始从事；继续；占用(时间、物品等)；占据(空间)
先试做
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[一词多义]写出下列句中黑体部分的含义
① She is unwilling to take up the boring job.开始从事
②I still cannot believe that I am taking up this prize that I won last year.接受
③We tried to find a table for seven, but they were all taken up.占用
④(牛津词典)She took up the story where Tim had left off.继续
⑤The poet took up the pen and wrote the poem instantly. 拿起
后记牢
take down 记下；拆除
take in 收留；吸收；欺骗；理解
take off 脱掉；起飞；成功；休假
take on 雇用；呈现；承担
take over 接收；接管
◆佳句 Briggs will take over as a general manager when Michell retires.
米歇尔退休时布瑞哥将接任经理一职。
2.lose sight of看不见；忽略；忘记
先试做
单句填空/单句改错
①Though losing all the money, he didn't lose sight of what he valued most.
②At first sight, there is nothing special about the watch but in fact it is a mobile phone.
③At the railway station, the mother waved goodbye to her daughter until the train was out of her sight.去掉第二个her
④I felt very glad, for I caught sights of my old friend in the crowd. sights→sight
后记牢
(1)catch sight of ... 看见……
come into sight 映入眼帘
(2)at first sight 乍一看
at the sight of ... 一看到……
out of sight 看不到
in/within sight 在视野内
◆佳句At the sight of the high mountain, the tourists cheered wildly.一看见高山，游客们就疯狂地欢呼起来。
3.speed up加速 speed vi.&vt.(speeded/sped, speeded/sped, speeding) 超速行驶；加快
先试做
单句填空/单句改错
①A good learning habit can help us to speed up to reach our destinations.
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②Delighted, I jumped into the car and speeded/sped (speed) off.
③After driving at a top speed, he arrived half an hour earlier.去掉a
④The high-speed train is running at the speed of 320 kilometers per hour.the→a
后记牢
(1)slow down 减速
pick up/gather speed 逐渐加速
(2)at high/low/full/top speed 以高/低/全速
at a speed of ... 以……速度
◆佳句 What astonished us was that the police caught him speeding.
警察捉住他超速行驶，这让我们很惊讶。
4.Exhausted, I slid into bed and fell fast asleep.我感到累极了，爬上床很快就睡着了。
句型公式 形容词(短语)作状语
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①To our relief, the missing child returned home ten days later, tired but healthy (health)．
②The old building was burned down as crowds watched helplessly (helpless)．
(2)句式升级(用形容词作状语升级)
I was too nervous, and I couldn't think of anything at the beginning of the exam.
→③Too nervous, I couldn't think of anything at the beginning of the exam.
后记牢
(1)形容词(短语)作状语可以表示方式、原因或伴随状况等，可位于句首、句末或句中，常用逗号与句子其他成分隔开。
(2)形容词(短语)作状语时常用来说明句子主语的状态，即和主语常可构成系表关系。如果用来修饰句子的谓语动词或整个句子，则应用副词作状语。
◆佳句 Excited and happy, we greeted the foreign guests at the entrance of the school.
我们在校门口欢迎外宾，兴奋又开心的。
The household robot will not only take up much housework, such as cooking dinner and sweeping up the fallen leaves, but also remind me not to lose sight of anything important. Relaxed and happy, I can deal with other important jobs more efficiently. All in all, with the future household robot, our life will become more comfortable, enjoyable and relaxing.
集训新思路
四 维 夯 基
本部分练习中加黑体词语是必修5 Unit 2的词汇复现，如有遗忘，请及时回顾。
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Ⅰ.在空白处填入1个适当的单词或所给单词的正确形式——热考用法
1．After the wedding, Richard returned home, (exhaust) but delighted.
答案与解析 exhausted 设空在句中作状语，说明主语Richard的心理感受，应用形容词，故填exhausted, 意为“疲惫的”。
2．There is no possibility that every student is willing to take this kind of thrilling sport.
答案与解析 up take up “从事”。
3．These methods can help increase students' (motivate) and interest.
答案与解析 motivation 设空前是名词所有格，故该空应填名词。motivation“动机”。
4．When he reached the kingdom, he found the new surroundings difficult (tolerate)．
答案与解析 to tolerate “find＋宾语＋形容词＋不定式”，形容词easy、difficult 等表示宾语的特征或性质。不定式和句子宾语是逻辑上的动宾关系，不定式用主动形式表示被动意义。
5．I can tell that Tom was not hungry just now.He was just greedy biscuits.
答案与解析 for be greedy for sth. “渴望得到某物”。
6．They were (certain) whether they would go to the countryside or not.
答案与解析 uncertain 设空在句中作表语，应用形容词，且根据语境“不确定是否去乡村”可知，该处应填certain的反义词uncertain。
7．She got quickly into her car and (fasten) the seat belt.
答案与解析 fastened 设空所填谓语动词与got是并列谓语，时态一致，应用一般过去时，故填fastened。
8．Nowadays people are more concerned about the environment they live.
答案与解析 where 定语从句先行词是the environment，表地点，从句中缺少地点状语，故用关系副词where引导定语从句。
9．The road was so (mud) that my new shoes got ruined completely.
答案与解析 muddy 设空在句中作表语，指“泥泞的”，应用形容词muddy。
10．The members of the union will meet tomorrow in an attempt to reach a (settle)．
答案与解析 settlement 设空前是不定冠词a，故该空应填名词settlement。reach a settlement “达成协议”。
Ⅱ.用括号内动词的正确形式填空——不规则变化
1．The dustman (sweep) up all the fallen leaves on this street yesterday.
答案与解析 swept 根据句中时间状语yesterday可知，谓语动词用一般过去时，故填swept。sweep(清扫)—swept—swept—sweeping。
2．Ann (slide) into the furnished room，but found nothing valuable.
答案与解析 slid 设空所填谓语动词与but后的谓语动词found时态一致，应用一般过去时，故填slid。slide into “溜进”。slide (滑动)—slid—slid—sliding。
3．He has a small room and most of the space (take) up by a piano.
答案与解析 is taken 主语most of the space 与take
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up是被动关系，故用被动语态；根据句中已有谓语动词has可知，设空谓语用一般现在时的被动语态，故填is taken。take up“占据；继续；开始；从事”。take (带走)—took—taken—taking。
4．He (speed) up a bit and finally reached the town at dusk.
答案与解析 sped/speeded 根据句中已有的谓语动词reached可知，该处谓语用一般过去时。speed up “加速”。speed (加速)—speeded/sped—speeded/sped—speeding。
Ⅲ.改正下列句子中的唯一错误——易错混用
1．Roughly speaking, the school can't tolerate cheat in the exam.
答案与解析 cheat→cheating tolerate doing sth. “容忍做某事”。
2．Guiding by the typist, they walked towards the enjoyable destination.
答案与解析 Guiding→Guided guide与they是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词作状语。
3．Lacking such arrangements will constant trouble you in your journey.
答案与解析 constant→constantly 在句中作状语修饰谓语will trouble，应用副词。
4．It is to your credit that you switch your mobile phone before boarding.
答案与解析 switch后加off 根据语境可知，在登机前应关上手机，故用switch off “关上；关掉”。
5．It is widely agreed that pressing students to studying is not a good idea.
答案与解析 studying→study press sb. to do sth. “逼迫某人做某事”。
6．In addition, the climate here is very similar with that in the USA, so there is no need for you to worry about it.
答案与解析 with→to be similar to ...“与……相似”。
7．To our delight, Lucy was back on her foot again after careful treatment.
答案与解析 foot→feet be back on one's feet “恢复；完全复原”。
8．I mentioned his name, and he appeared as if with magic.
答案与解析 with→by as if by magic “像变魔术似的”。
9．The book aims to cover all aspect of city life, for which it is popular among readers.
答案与解析 aspect→aspects 根据可数名词aspect前的代词all可知，aspect应用复数形式。
10．He swallowed in the last of his coffee and asked for the bill.
答案与解析 去掉in swallow “吞下；咽下”，是及物动词，后面直接接宾语，故介词in 多余。
Ⅳ.根据语境选出画线部分的正确含义——熟词生义
A. rejected B. ignore C. believed
1．We shouldn't lose sight of the fact that education is important. B
2．Her excuse was an obvious lie, but it was surprising that Tom should have swallowed it whole. C
小题补练
语法填空
My aunt Betty used to be a typist, but now she works as 1. stewardess. She has always dreamt of going on an 2. (impress) holiday. Last year she decided to design her own time travel tour
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by space capsule, 3. could take her to the year AD 3050.The representative from the time travel company gave her a wonderful description of the amazing time travel and even showed her some customers' satisfying feedbacks. Besides, he constantly guaranteed to her that the space capsule was easy 4. (handle). He also told her about 5. (it) efficiency and safety. Optimistic 6. the coming tour, she 7. (instant) decided to take the time tour.
8． (guide) by the representative, she happily went aboard the time capsule. However, her trip didn't turn out successful. When she 9. (press) the button to set off for the journey, there was a flash and the capsule's engine broke down.
No matter how hard she tried, she just couldn't restart the engine. Therefore, 10. (certain) whether the time capsule was efficient and reliable, she gave up her previous plan. So, instead of going to the unknown future, she had to be satisfied with a holiday with her family to Hawaii.
答案与解析
1．a 考查冠词。此处指一个女服务员，故填不定冠词a。
2．impressive 考查词性转换。设空在句中作定语修饰名词holiday, 应用形容词，故填impressive，意为“印象深刻的”。
3．which 考查定语从句。非限制性定语从句先行词是space capsule，指物，从句中缺少主语，故用关系代词which引导定语从句。
4．to handle 考查非谓语动词。此处是“主语＋be＋形容词＋不定式”结构，形容词说明事物的特性，不定式与主语是逻辑上的动宾关系。
5．its 考查代词。设空后是名词短语efficiency and safety，故设空应填名词性物主代词its。
6．about 考查介词。be optimistic about ...“对……乐观”。
7．instantly 考查词性转换。设空在句中作状语修饰谓语动词，应用副词，故填instantly。
8．Guided 考查非谓语动词。设空在句中作状语，guide与she是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词作状语。
9．pressed 考查时态。主句谓语动词是一般过去时，故从句用一般过去时，故填pressed。
10．uncertain 考查词性转换。设空在句中作状语，说明主语的状态，且根据语境可知我的姑姑对时空舱的效率和安全性是不确定的，故填certain的反义词uncertain。
写 作 提 能
用本单元词汇、句式和语法知识写满分作文
某英文报社正在举办主题为“The House in the Future”的征文活动。请你用英文写一篇短文并投稿。
(一)根据提示利用本单元所学知识补全短文(无提示处请填写适当的过渡词汇：besides、to begin with、for example)
The House in the Future
With the development of science and technology, the house in the future will be smart ①in many aspects (在许多方面)．
②To begin with, the house will be equipped with a central nervous system that can sense and analyze all appliances and systems, ③making adjustments according to changes of the surroundings
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(根据环境的改变适当调整). ④For example, it will send us messages to inform us ⑤we lack daily goods (我们缺乏日用品) and even order them for us. ⑥Besides, the moment it senses its owner is less motivated, the house can adjust itself to make conditions comfortable. ❶In addition, a solar powered unit will ⑦recycle water and turn waste into fuel (回收利用水并把废物变为燃料). ❷This is of great benefit to the environment.
In conclusion, there is no doubt that the house in the future will offer every convenience to us.
(二)按要求升级词汇和句式
1．用本单元所学词汇升级加波浪线词汇
the moment→the instant/instantly
2．按要求升级句式
利用非限制性定语从句合并句❶和句❷
In addition, a solar powered unit will recycle water and turn waste into fuel, which is of great benefit to the environment.
Unit 4 Making the news
基础巧回顾
见学生用书P129
单词巧练
写准并记牢
高考与教材
重点单词
1.deny vt.否认
2.accuse vt. 指责；谴责；控告
3.acquire vt. 获得；取得；学到
4.case n．[C]情况；病例；案例
5.process vt.加工；处理 n．[C]过程；程序；步骤→processed adj.加工的
6.approve vt.赞成；认可；批准→approving adj.赞同的 →approval n．[C，U]赞许；赞成；同意→(反义词)disapprove vt.不赞成；不认可；不批准
7.assist vt.帮助；协助；援助→assistance n．[U]帮助；协助→assistant n．[C]助手；助理；售货员
8.concentrate vi.& vt.集中；聚集→concentrated adj.全神贯注的；集中的→concentration n．[U]集中
9.demand n．[C，U] 需求；要求vt. 强烈要求→demanding adj.要求高的；费力的；苛求的
10.eager adj.渴望的；热切的→eagerly ad v.
Ⅰ.高考与单句填空
1.(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)I gave the owner as much information (inform) as possible and headed home to see what news the night might bring.
2.(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)Larry told her that he had already put out the fire and she should not move in case she injured her neck.
3.(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)I'm sure I was the last person in the world he wanted to accept assistance (assist) from.
4.(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)It's delightful (delight) to see so many beautiful flowers.
5.(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)Frank Hurley was
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渴望地；热切地→eagerness n．[U]渴望；热切
11.inform vt. 告知；通知→informed adj.消息灵通的；见多识广的→information n．[U]信息
12.delighted adj.快乐的；欣喜的→delight n．[U]快乐；高兴；[C]乐事 vt.使高兴；使愉快
13.admirable adj.值得赞扬的；令人钦佩的→admire vt.钦佩；羡慕→admiration n．[U]钦佩；羡慕
14.appointment n．[C，U]任命；委派；约会→appoint vt.任命；委派
15.unusual adj.不同寻常的； 独特的 →usual adj.通常的；平常的→usually ad v. 通常；经常
16.unforgettable adj.难忘的→forgettable adj.容易被忘的→forget v. 忘记
阅读单词
17.accurate adj.精确的；正确的
18.assess vt.评估；评定
19.publish vt.出版
20.deliberately ad v.故意地
21.guilty adj.犯罪的；有罪的；内疚的
hired to make the images, most of which have never before been published (publish)．
6.(2015·全国卷Ⅰ)The Pompidou Centre in Paris is showing its respect and admiration (admire) for the artist.
Ⅱ.教材与单句改错(每题最多2处错误)
1.Last of all, the chief editor read it and approved of it.去掉第二个of
2.They must use research to inform themselves the missing parts of the story.themselves后加of/about
3.You will find your colleagues very eagerly to help you.eagerly→eager
4.The law does not allow people to accuse themselves with a crime.with→of
5.We wrote an article suggesting he was guilt.guilt→guilty
6.He denied take money but we were skeptical.take→taking
短语巧练
写准并记牢
高考与教材
1.accuse ... of 因……指责或控告……
2.concentrate on 集中；全神贯注于
3.depend on 依靠；依赖
4.so as to (do ...) 为了(做)……
5.ahead of ... 在……前面
6.have a nose for ... 对……很敏感；善于
发现……
7.inform sb.of/about sth. 通知某人某事
8.keep sth. in mind 记住某事
Ⅰ.高考与单句填空
1.(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)I'd like to inform you of/about the class schedule of next week.
2.(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)She has turned down several invitations to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies.
3.(全国卷)Whenever or however you take notes, keep in mind that note-taking is a selective process.
Ⅱ.教材与单句改错(每题最多2处错误)
1.Meanwhile you have to prepare the next question
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9.pass ... on to ... 把……传给……
10.in a dilemma 处于两难的境地
depending what the person says.depending后加on/upon
2.We need it in this edition to be ahead with the other newspapers.with→of
3.He checked the evidence, read the article and passed it to the copy-editor.it后加on
4.We say a good journalist must have good nose for a story.第二个good前加a
句式仿写
原句背诵
我会仿写
1.否定词never置于句首，句子用部分倒装
Never will Zhou Yang (ZY) forget his first assignment at the office of a popular English newspaper.
周阳永远不会忘记他在一家畅销英文报纸的办公室的第一项工作任务。
1.(江苏卷)男孩说：“我从未怀疑过父亲会来救我”。
“Never for a second，” the boy says，“did I doubt that my father would come to my rescue.”
2.be to do在句中表示后来发生的事，常译为“注定会……；一定……”
His discussion with his new boss, Hu Xin (HX), was to strongly influence his life as a journalist.
他与他的新老板胡新的讨论对他的记者生涯必将产生重要影响。
2.因为你既聪明又勤奋，你当记者的梦想一定会实现的。
Your dream of becoming a journalist is to come true because you are intelligent and hardworking.
3.where引导定语从句，修饰先行词a case
Have you ever had a case where someone accused your journalists of getting the wrong end of the stick？
你们有没有过这样的情况：别人控告你的记者，说他(她)们的报道完全失实？
3.讲座将涉及许多英语的初学者不能正确使用语言的情况。
The lecture will cover a number of cases where beginners of English fail to use the language properly.
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重点全突破
Part 1 重点单词
1.assist vt.&vi. (assisted, assisted, assisting) 帮助；协助；援助
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①We are looking for people willing to assist in/with the group's work.
②I swam to Dad quickly and assisted (assist) him in climbing onto the boat.
③With assistance of his brother, he sold one painting.assistance前加the
(2)一句多译
我将尽力帮助你提高英语。
④I will do what I can to assist you in improving your English.(assist sb. in doing)
⑤I will do what I can to assist you to improve your English.(assist sb. to do)
后记牢
(1)assist (sb.) in doing sth./assist sb. to do sth. 帮助某人做某事
assist (sb.) with/in sth. 帮助(某人)某事
(2)with the assistance of ... 在……的帮助下
be of assistance to sb. 有助于某人
◆佳句When you face difficulty, the suggestions may be of assistance to you.当你面对困难时，这些建议可能对你有帮助。
2.inform vt. (informed, informed, informing) 通知；告知
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①If you are interested in it, let me know and I'll send you more information (inform)．
②I would appreciate it if you could keep me informed (inform) of these details at your convenience.
③(2015·福建卷) It was considerate of Michael to inform us his delay in case we got worried.us后加of/about
(2)词汇升级(用本单元所学高级词汇升级黑体词汇)
④(2017·全国卷Ⅲ满分作文)I am delighted to tell you that the school table tennis team is recruiting new members.inform
后记牢
(1)inform sb.of/about sth. 告诉某人某事；通知某人某事
inform sb.that/when/how ... 通知某人……
(2)keep sb.informed (of ...)使某人随时了解(……)
◆佳句 Would you be so kind as to inform us what books you have in stock？能否告知我们你们库存中都有哪些书籍？
3.case n．[C]情况；病例；案例 (pl. cases)
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先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①(2017·天津卷)In that case, ask to speak in person as soon as possible and say sorry.
②(四川卷)I'll be out for some time. In case anything important happens, call me up immediately.
③Which is often the case, there is no simple answer in science. Which→As
(2)句式升级(用非限制性定语从句升级)
You may think of giving up studying. In this case, just think it over before making a decision.
→④You may think of giving up studying，in which case just think it over before making a decision.
后记牢
in case 假使；以防(万一)(可引导状语从句)
in case of ... 假如……；万一……
in ... case(s) 在……情况下
in this/that case 假使这样/那样的话
in any case 不管怎样；在任何情况下
in no case 决不(置句首主谓部分倒装)
as is often the case 通常情况下
◆佳句It is often the case that anything is possible for those who hang on to hope.通常情况下，对于那些坚持希望的人，一切皆有可能。
4.demand n. ①[C]要求(pl. demands)；②[U]需要∥vt. (demanded, demanded, demanding) 强烈要求
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①The books are so popular that they are in great demand at the moment.
②Though he gets highly paid, the job is demanding (demand)．
③She demanded to be informed (inform) of the further information.
④(外研⑦)Her teacher demanded that she worn longer skirts.worn→wear
⑤The manager promised that they would try to meet their customers' demand.demand→demands
(2)[发散]除demand之外后接宾语从句，从句中用虚拟语气的其他动词有：
⑥advise; suggest; command; recommend; order; require; request等。
后记牢
(1)demand sth. 需要某物
demand to do sth. 要求做某事
demand that ... (should) do sth.要求……(从句用虚拟语气)
(2)a demand for sth. 对……的需(要)求
be in (great) demand (迫切)需要
meet/satisfy one's demands 满足某人的需求
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◆佳句With so many matters demanding my attention at once, I spare no time to chat with you.有太多事情需要我立即处理，我抽不出时间和你聊天。
5.approve vt. (approved, approved, approving) 赞成；认可；批准
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①(人教⑦)I hope my suggestions will meet with your approval (approve)．
②(外研⑧)I approve of you trying (try) to make some money, but don't neglect your studies.
③Some supported the plan, while others disapproved (approve) of it.
④The Ministry of Education approved of a new policy today.去掉of
(2)一句多译
(2017·北京卷满分作文)老师同意我们制作视频来记录我们在校的经历。
⑤The teacher approved of us making a video to record our experiences at school.(approve)
⑥The teacher gave his approval to us making a video to record our experiences at school.(approval)
后记牢
(1)approve sth. 通过/批准某事；通过某事
approve of (sb./sb.'s) doing sth. 赞同/同意(某人)做某事
(2)win one's approval 得到某人的批准/同意
meet with one's approval得到某人的认可/赞同
give one's approval to 同意；批准
in approval 赞同地
◆佳句(朗文词典)The professor made no comment about the speech, but gave an approving nod.教授对这个演讲未作评论但是点头表示赞许。
The professional journalist is to apply for the position because he has the following advantages. First, not only does the informed journalist acquire rich knowledge, but he is also eager to assist his colleagues. Most importantly, never has he been in a case where he doesn't concentrate on his job and depend on others for help. Therefore, the chief editor approved his application.
Part 2 短语与句型
1．concentrate on 集中；全神贯注于∥concentrate vi.&vt.专心；集中；(使)聚焦于
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①I can't tolerate that noise, which prevents me from concentrating on learning.
②Your mind should be concentrated (concentrate) on things positive and relaxing.
③Italian industry is concentrating mainly in the north of the country.concentrating→concentrated
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(2)一句多译
你若集中精力学习汉语，你会掌握这门语言的。
④If you concentrate your efforts on learning Chinese, you will master the language.
⑤Concentrate your efforts on learning Chinese, and you will master the language.
⑥Concentrating your efforts on learning Chinese will enable you to master the language.
后记牢
(1)concentrate on (doing) sth. 专心(做)某事
concentrate one's mind/efforts/attention on
专心于；致力于；集中注意力于
be concentrated on/in/around ...集中在……；汇集于……
(2)focus on 集中精力于
fix/focus one's attention on ... 集中注意力于……
◆佳句As far as I'm concerned, concentration on your studies will result in good grades.
就我而言，专心学习就能取得优异的成绩。
2.depend on依靠；依赖；取决于……；视……而定
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①(人教⑥)We depend on energy to do (do) many things in our daily lives.
②The journey takes about two hours, depending (depend) on traffic.
③ We depend on him finish the job this weekend.finish→finishing或在finish前加to
(2)一句多译
你可以指望他帮助你的英语。
④You can depend on/upon him assisting/to assist you with your English.
⑤You can depend on/upon it that he will assist you with your English.(it作形式宾语)
后记牢
(1)depend on sb. for sth. 依靠某人供给某物
depend on ... 取决于……
depend on sb.doing/to do sth.依靠某人做某事
depend on/upon it that ... 指望……；对……深信不疑
(2)That depends./It all depends. 看情况而定。
◆佳句Don't always depend on others. You should learn to rely on yourself.不要总是依赖别人，你应该学会依靠自己。
3.Have you ever had a case where someone accused your journalists of getting the wrong end of the stick？你们有没有过这样的情况：别人控告你的记者，说他(她)们的报道完全失实？
句型公式 先行词为抽象地点名词的定语从句
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先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①It is helpful to put children in a situation where they can see themselves differently.
②This restaurant has an inviting, homelike atmosphere that/which many others are short of.
③(浙江卷) I have reached a point in my life when I'm supposed to make decisions of my own.when→where
(2)单句写作
学生应该积极参与课外活动，他们能从活动中获取社交经验。(定语从句)
④Students should get actively involved in after-class activities where they can gain experience for social communication.
后记牢
(1)当先行词为抽象地点名词case、situation、position、atmosphere、stage、activity、family和point等且关系词在从句中作状语时，常用where或in which引导定语从句。
(2)抽象地点名词后的定语从句中如果关系词作主语或宾语则用that或which引导定语从句。
◆佳句Sales director is a position where communication ability is just as important as sales skills.销售总监这个职位的交流能力和销售技巧同样重要。
4.Never will Zhou Yang(ZY)forget his first assignment at the office of a popular English newspaper.周阳永远不会忘记他在一家畅销英文报纸的办公室的第一项工作任务。
句型公式 Never＋情态动词/助动词/系动词＋主语……
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①Never before has he seen anybody who can play table tennis as well as Robert.
②(辽宁卷)At no time do they actually break the rules of the game. It was unfair to punish them.do→did
(2)句式升级(用倒装句式升级)
③We laugh at jokes, but we seldom think about how they work.
→We laugh at jokes, but seldom do we think about how they work.
④We had hardly left the hotel when we realized we had left our map in the room.
→Hardly had we left the hotel when we realized we had left our map in the room.
后记牢
(1)否定副词never置于句首，句子需用部分倒装，即把助动词、情态动词或系动词be提到主语之前。
(2)其他表否定意义的副词或介词短语： little、seldom、hardly、neither、nor、at no time、by no means、in no case、in no way、on no condition。
◆佳句On no condition can we give up our dreams; only if we can stick to our dreams will we be able to get over all kinds of challenges.
我们决不能放弃梦想，只有我们坚持自己的梦想，才能克服各种挑战。
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I have ever had a case where I didn't concentrate my attention on my study, which certainly lead to my failure in the exam. From then on, never will I forget the truth: depend not on fortune but on conduct.
集训新思路
四 维 夯 基
本部分练习中加黑体词语是必修5 Unit 3的词汇复现，如有遗忘，请及时回顾。
Ⅰ.在空白处填入1个适当的单词或所给单词的正确形式——热考用法
1．Examinations are not the only means of (assess) a student's ability.
答案与解析 assessing 设空前是介词of，故设空处应填动名词形式。
2．She was a dilemma whether to stay at school or take up a job.
答案与解析 in in a dilemma “处于困境”。
3．I was absolutely (delight) with the high quality goods.
答案与解析 delighted 设空在句中作表语，说明主语I的心理感受，应用以-ed结尾的形容词delighted，意为“高兴的”。
4．The knowledge (acquire) in one's childhood will make a strong impression on him.
答案与解析 acquired acquire与The knowledge是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词作定语。
5．It's (usual) to have an adult conversation like that with such a little child.
答案与解析 unusual 设空在句中作表语，应用形容词；根据语境“和这么小的孩子进行成人式的交谈”应该是不同寻常的，故填usual的反义词unusual。
6．The speaker in the hall raised his voice so as (hear).
答案与解析 to be heard so as to do sth. “为了做某事”；hear 与voice是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用不定式的被动形式作状语。hear(听见)—heard—heard—hearing。
7．(2016·天津卷)The manager put forward a suggestion that we should have an (assist). There is too much work to do.
答案与解析 assistant 设空前是不定冠词an，根据语境“有一个助手”可知该空填名词的单数形式，故填assistant。
8．We need to get some more (accuracy) information about the material.
答案与解析 accurate 设空在句中作定语修饰名词information，应用形容词，故填accurate。
9．The man did a(n) (admire) job in keeping the surroundings clean.
答案与解析 admirable 设空在句中作定语修饰名词job，应用形容词，故填admirable。
10．She was only 19 when her first novel (publish)．
答案与解析 was published 主句谓语动词是一般过去时，故从句谓语动词用一般过去时；主语her first novel与publish 是被动关系，故用一般过去时的被动语态。
Ⅱ.用括号内动词的正确形式填空——不规则变化
1．He (submit) his report before the deadline of last Sunday.
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答案与解析 had submitted 根据句中时间状语“before the deadline of last Sunday”可知，谓语动词表过去的过去，应用过去完成时，故填had submitted。submit(呈递)—submitted—submitted—submitting。
2．The typist (keep) the timetable in mind and finished the work on time.
答案与解析 kept 根据句中已有的谓语动词finished可知，设空处谓语动词应用一般过去时，故填kept。keep sth.in mind “记住某事”； keep (保持；保存)—kept—kept—keeping。
3．He first (write) his story and he had to do it carefully.
答案与解析 wrote 根据句中已有的谓语动词had可知，设空所填谓语应用一般过去时，故填wrote。write (写)—wrote—written—writing。
Ⅲ.改正下列句子中的唯一错误——易错混用
1．Her assistant was accused with stealing materials and taken away by the police.
答案与解析 with→of be accused of doing sth. “被控告做某事”。
2．He is in a dangerous situation where he doesn't know how to deal with.
答案与解析 where→that/which或去掉where 定语从句先行词是situation，从句中缺少宾语，故用关系代词that/which引导定语从句，故where改为that/which；关系词在从句中作宾语时，也可省略关系代词，故可以去掉where。
3．Tony was clever, optimistic and talent with a sharp business plan.
答案与解析 talent→talented 在句中作表语，应用形容词，故名词talent改为形容词talented“有天赋的”。
4．Sophia discussed the idea with some of her colleague.
答案与解析 colleague→colleagues 根据句中的some of可知，可数名词colleague应用复数形式。
5．He didn't notice the guide enter his room with his attention concentrating on the computer games.
答案与解析 concentrating→concentrated 在with结构中，concentrate on与his attention是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词作宾语补足语。
6．Instantly I reached my office, I set out to have my article polishing.
答案与解析 polishing→polished polish与my article是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词作宾语补足语。
7．My husband who is three years senior than me, is very optimistic.
答案与解析 than→to be senior to sb. “比某人年长”。
8．You'd better slide into the room in case of she catches sight of you.
答案与解析 去掉case后的of in case of “以防”，后接名词、代词或动名词作宾语；in case后接句子，故去掉case后的介词of。
9．It is demanded that the construction of the settlements is sped up.
答案与解析 第二个is→be “It is demanded that”主语从句谓语动词用“should＋动词原形”，其中should可省略，故将第二个is改为be。
10．Most of the food we buy is processing in some way.
答案与解析 processing→processed 主语Most of the food与process是被动关系，故用被动语态，故processing改为processed。
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Ⅳ.根据语境选出画线部分的正确含义——熟词生义
A. produced B. the latest information C. dealt with
1．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)Through the years, I'd run into former students who would provide updates on old classmates. B
2．It will take a week for your application to be processed. C
小题补练
语法填空
It was late one evening. Hardly can I remember what it was about. But my husband and I had a heated argument. I 1. (throw) a few things in a small suitcase and left home, not knowing where to go. After 2. (drive) in circles for several minutes, I stopped at a shop to buy something. Only then 3. my daughter call me. She told me her dad was worried about me. So angry 4. (be) I that I hung up the phone 5. (immediate). Not until I paid for my purchases 6. I realize it was too late. Never have I been out by 7. (me) so late. However, hardly 8. I run to my car when a truck pulled up beside me. The driver was my husband. Beside him 9. (sit) my lovely daughter. That's when I started laughing. Hard as I tried to run away from home, the man who loved me managed 10. (find) me.
答案与解析
1．threw 考查时态。设空所填谓语动词与and后的谓语动词left时态一致，应用一般过去时，故填threw。throw(扔)—threw—thrown。
2．driving 考查非谓语动词。设空前是介词After，故设空处应填动名词作宾语。
3．did 考查倒装句。“only＋表时间的副词”置于句首，主谓部分倒装；根据时间状语then可知谓语用一般过去时。
4．was 考查倒装句时态。根据“so＋adj.＋that”倒装句中从句谓语动词hung可知该处谓语用一般过去时，故填was。
5．immediately 考查词性转换。设空在句中作状语修饰谓语动词hung，应用副词，故填immediately。
6．did 考查强调句。not until倒装句中主句谓语动词时态与not until从句时态一致，应用一般过去时，设空后是I realize，故填did。
7．myself 考查代词。by oneself“独自地”。
8．had 考查倒装句。hardly had sb. done when ...“一……就……”倒装句，故设空处填had。
9．sat 考查倒装句。全部倒装句的谓语动词表过去的动作，故填sat。
10．to find 考查非谓语动词。manage to do sth.“设法做成某事”。
写 作 提 能
用本单元词汇、句式和语法知识写满分作文
假设你是李华，某英文报社招聘记者，你打算应聘。请按以下写作要求写一封申请信。
①写信目的；②自身优势；③表达愿望。
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(一)根据提示利用本单元所学知识补全短文(无提示处请填写适当的过渡词汇：in addition、meanwhile)
Dear Sir，
Interested in the job advertised on the Internet, I'm writing to apply for the position as a journalist in your department.
I'm convinced that ①I can meet your demands (我能满足您的要求). ❶②I have so good a nose for news/such a good nose for news (我对新闻很敏感) that I have been sent to cover the stories happening in the campus when working as editor of my school's paper. When it comes to ③acquiring all the information (获得所有的信息),
❷I can not only ask various questions but can focus on detailed facts. ④Meanwhile, I can prepare the next question quickly ⑤depending on what they say (取决于他们说什么). ⑥In addition, I'm very careful and diligent, ⑦so as to be a good journalist (为了成为一个好记者).
⑧I would appreciate it if you could approve my application and inform me of the interview
(如果您能批准我的申请并通知我面试，我将不胜感激)．
Yours，
Li Hua
(二)按要求升级词汇和句式
1．用本单元所学词汇升级加波浪线词汇
focus on→concentrate on
2．利用倒装句升级句❶和句❷
(1)So good a good nose for news/Such a good nose for news do I have that I have been sent to cover the stories happening in the campus when working as editor of my school's paper.
(2)Not only can I ask various questions but can concentrate on detailed facts.
Unit 5 First aid
基础巧回顾
见学生用书P135
单词巧练
写准并记牢
高考与教材
重点单词
1.aid n．& vt. 帮助；援助；资助
2.squeeze vt.& vi. 榨；挤；压榨
3.pour vt.& vi.倒；灌；注；涌
4.apply vt.& vi.申请；应用→applicant n．[C ]申请人→application n．[C，U]申请；应用
Ⅰ.高考与单句填空
1.(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)I'm applying for a part-time job at a foreign company in my city during the summer vacation.
2.(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)There are also
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5.bravery n．[U]勇敢→brave adj.勇敢的→bravely ad v.勇敢地
6.bleed vt.& vi.流血→bled/bled(过去式/过去分词)→blood n．[U]血液
7.swell vt.& vi. (使)膨胀；隆起→swelled/swelled/swollen(过去式/过去分词)→swollen adj.肿胀的
8.firm adj.(动作)稳定有力的；坚定的→firmly ad v.坚固地；稳定地
9.treat vt.& vi.治疗；对待；款待 n．[C]款待；招待→treatment n．[U ]治疗；[C ]疗法
10.pressure n．[U ]压力；挤压；压迫(感)→press v.压；按
11.injury n．[C ]损伤；伤害→injure vt.受伤→injured adj.受伤的
12.poison n．[C ]毒药 vt.毒害→poisonous adj.有毒的
13.variety n．[U ]变化；多样(化)→(熟词生义) [C]品种→various adj.各种各样的→vary v.变化
14.mild adj.轻微的；温柔的→mildly ad v.轻微地；温和地
15.tight adj.牢的；紧的；紧密的→tightly ad v.紧地；牢牢地→tighten vt.使变紧
16.vital adj. 至关重要的；生死攸关的→vitally ad v. 至关重要地
17.unbearable adj.难以忍受的；不能容忍的 →bearable adj.可忍受的 →bear vt.忍受；承受→bore/borne(过去式/过去分词)
18.temporary adj.暂时的 →temporarily ad v. 暂时地
阅读单词
19.barrier n．屏障；障碍(物)
20.symptom n．症状；征兆
varieties (variety) developed to suit specific local conditions.
3.(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)I am busy preparing for my final exam, which is vital to me, so I failed to keep the appointment.
4.(2015·全国卷Ⅰ)As always, you should stretch at least ten minutes before each run to prevent injuries (injure)．
5.(全国卷Ⅰ)Only by increasing the number of doctors by 50 percent can the patients be treated (treat) properly in this hospital.
6.(全国卷)An American shakes your hand firmly (firm) while looking you straight in the eye.
Ⅱ.教材与单句改错(每题最多2处错误)
1.He slowed the bleeding by applying pressure for the wounds until the police and ambulance arrived.for→to
2.John used these to treat for the most severe injuries to Ms. Slade's hands.去掉for
3.If the injuries are second or third degree burns, it is vital get the victim to the doctor or hospital at once.vital后加to
4.Keep cloths cool by putting them back in a basin of water, squeeze them out and placing them on the burning area over and over again.squeeze→squeezing;
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burning→burnt/burned
5.John was presented his award at a ceremony which recognized the brave of ten people who had saved the life of another.presented后加with; brave→bravery
短语巧练
写准并记牢
高考与教材
1.first aid (对伤患者的)急救
2.fall ill 生病
3.make a difference 区别对待；有影响；起(重要)作用
4.a number of 许多
5.over and over again 反复；多次
6.in place 在适当的位置；适当
7.prevent ...from ... 阻止……
8.put one's hands on 找到
9.squeeze out 榨出；挤出
10.take off 起飞；走红；请假；(事业)腾飞；脱下
Ⅰ.高考与单句填空
1.(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)After school she plans to take a year off to model full time before going to university.
2.(全国卷Ⅰ)A pair of gloves may be a small thing, but it can make a big difference in winter.
3.(全国卷)Firstly I collected all the books, newspapers and other things scattered in the rooms and put them in place.
Ⅱ.教材与单句改错(每题最多2处错误)
1.First aid is a temporary form of help given to someone who suddenly falls illness or gets injured before a doctor can be found.illness→ill
2.It prevents your body from lose too much water.lose→losing
3.When nobody could put their hands in any bandage, his father got some tea towels and tape from their house.in→on
4.He immediately asked the number of nearby people for bandages.the→a
句式仿写
原句背诵
我会仿写
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1.unless“假如不；除非”，引导条件状语从句
Remove clothing using scissors if necessary unless it is stuck to the burn.
除非衣服粘在烧伤面上，否则都要把衣服脱掉。如果需要的话，可以使用剪刀。
1.如果不出意外，我明天陪你去书店。
Unless something unexpected happens, I'll accompany you to the bookstore tomorrow.
2.be doing ... when ...“正在做……这时……”
John was studying in his room when he heard screaming.
约翰正在房间里学习，这时他听到尖叫声。
2.我们正在讨论问题，这时我们听见有人吵架。
We were discussing the problem when we heard someone quarreling.
3.There's no doubt that ...“毫无疑问……”
There is no doubt that John's quick thinking and the first aid skills he learned at school saved Ms. Slade's life.
毫无疑问，是约翰敏捷的思维和在学校学到的急救技术挽救了斯莱德女士的生命。
3.毫无疑问你能和他们相处好。
There is no doubt that you can get along well with them.
重点全突破
Part 1 重点单词
1.aid n．[U]帮助；援助；资助∥vt. (aided, aided, aiding) 帮助；援助；资助
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①Mrs. Coxen was aided (aid) in looking after the homeless children by her friends last year.
②A dictionary is an important aid in learning a foreign language.
③Under the aid of the doctor, Joe was back on his feet again.Under→With
(2)一句多译
他们帮助我适应了新的环境。
④They aided me to adjust myself to the new surroundings.(aid sb. to do sth.)
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⑤They aided me in adjusting myself to the new surroundings.(aid sb. in doing sth.)
⑥With the aid of them/With their aid, I adjusted myself to the new surroundings. (aidn．)
后记牢
(1)give sb. first aid 对某人进行急救
with the aid of ... 在……的帮助下
come/go to sb.'s aid 帮助某人
(2)aid sb.in (doing) sth. 在(做)某事方面帮助某人
aid sb.with sth. 以某事/物帮助某人
aid sb.to do sth. 帮助某人做某事
◆佳句I didn't speak any French, but a nice man came to my aid and told me where to go.
我不会说法语，但是一个好心人帮了我的忙，告诉我怎么走。
2.vital adj.至关重要的；生死攸关的
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①Enough sleep is vital for/to the students' physical and mental health.
②Reading is vital important in language learning.vital→vitally
(2)一句多译
重要的是我们应从失败中吸取教训。
③What's vital is that we (should) learn something from failure.(主语从句)
④It's vital that we (should) learn something from failure.(it作形式主语)
后记牢
(1)be vital to/for ... 对……至关重要
It is vital to do sth. 做某事很重要
It is vital that ... (should) do sth.做某事是十分重要的
(2)of vital importance 至关重要
◆佳句If we are to make a difference in life, it's vital that we should begin with small things.
如果我们要想在生活中发挥作用，重要的是我们应该从小事开始。
3.treat vt.&vi. (treated, treated, treating) 治疗；对待；款待∥n.[C](pl. treats)款待；招待
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①We were treated (treat) well by our hosts in the party and we all enjoyed ourselves.
② First aid is a very important first step in the treatment (treat) of burns.
③She left the hospital and treated herself with a box of chocolate. with→to
(2)句式升级(按要求升级句式)
If he was treated in a proper way, he was likely to be saved.
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→④If treated in a proper way, he was likely to be saved.(用省略句升级)
→⑤Treated in a proper way, he was likely to be saved.(用过去分词作状语升级)
后记牢
(1)treat sb.for sth. (with sth.) (用某物)治疗某人……
treat sb. as/like ... 把某人当……看待
treat sb./oneself to ... 用……款待某人/自己
(2)It's my treat. 我请客。
be under treatment 正在被治疗
◆佳句She wishes to be treated as nothing more than a common girl.她希望被当作一个普通的女孩子来对待。
4.apply (applied, applied, applying) vt.涂；敷；搽；应用；运用 vi.申请；请求；使用；专心致志
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①(2016·天津卷)Later I decided to apply my previous experience to learning how to read and write.
②You must be aware that this rule cannot be applied (apply) to every case.
③The young man applied himself to assist his professor in the scientific research.assist→assisting
(2)单句写作
我写信申请学生志愿者的职位。
④I'm writing to apply for the position as a student volunteer.
后记牢
apply ... to ... 把……应用于……；涂/敷/擦……到……上
apply to (介词)．.. 适用于……
apply (to ...) for ... (向……)申请……
apply to do sth. 申请做某事
apply oneself to(doing)sth. 专心于(做)某事
apply one's energies to (doing) sth. 集中精力于(做)某事
◆佳句 It is also a good idea to apply something as soon as you learn it.学了就用也是个好主意。
If you find someone injured, knowing some first aid can make a big difference. It is vital to keep calm in an emergency where you can apply some first aid to treat the injured.
Part 2 短语与句型
1．in place在适当的位置；适当
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①Mary took the place of Tom to arrange the meeting which would take place in the company.
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②I felt completely out of place among all these successful people.
③All arrangements are now in the place for their visit.去掉the
(2)词汇升级(用本单元所学高级词汇升级黑体级词汇)
④Firstly, with a good command of English, I'm qualified for the job.In the first place
后记牢
(1)out of place 不在适当位置；不合适
in place of 代替；取代
in the first place 首先；第一点
(2)take place 发生；举行
take one's place 就座；代替
take the place of 代替；取代
◆佳句The manager will be away on business and I'll take his place during his absence.
经理将要出差，他不在时我将代替他。
2.make a difference区别对待；有影响；起(重要)作用
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①(2017·北京卷)Hannah is one of many examples of young people who are making a difference (different) in the world.
②I can never tell the differences between the twins.differences→difference
③Whether he could get support from his parents made a great difference for the plan.for→to
(2)单句写作
每个人都能通过做好工作对我们的社会起到重要作用。
④Everyone can make a great difference to our society by performing his job well.
后记牢
make a difference to ... 对……有作用/有影响
make some/any/no/little difference (to ...) (对……)有/没作用或影响
tell the difference (between ... and ...) 辨别/区分(……与……)
◆佳句Only when we match our words with actions can we make a difference in whatever we hope to accomplish.只有我们言行一致才能对所要做的事情起到作用。
3.Remove clothing using scissors if necessary unless it is stuck to the burn.除非衣服粘在烧伤面上，否则要把衣服脱掉。如果需要的话，可以使用剪刀。
句型公式 主句＋unless引导的条件状语从句
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①She says that she will have to close the shop unless business improves.
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②(外研④)Unless the weather gets (get) better, I will stay at home.
③It is known to all that if you work out regularly, you won't keep fit.if→unless 或won't→will
(2)句式升级(用省略句升级)
You will never gain success unless you are fully devoted to your work.
→④You will never gain success unless fully devoted to your work.
后记牢
(1)连词unless相当于if not，意为“除非；如果不”，引导条件状语从句。
(2)unless引导的条件状语从句常用一般现在时表将来，主句用一般将来时。
(3)unless引导的条件状语从句中，如果主句、从句的主语一致，且从句中有be动词，可省略从句中的主语和be动词。
◆佳句All the photographs in this book, unless stated otherwise, date from the 1950s.书中所有的照片，除非另作说明的，全部都源于20世纪50年代。
Seconds count in a situation where you find someone drowning, and knowing what to do can mean the difference between life and death. It is vital that one should put the drowning people in place after applying first aid. Make sure you don't leave unless the drowning people comes to himself or herself.
集训新思路
四 维 夯 基
本部分练习中加黑体词语是必修5 Unit 4的词汇复现，如有遗忘，请及时回顾。
Ⅰ.在空白处填入1个适当的单词或所给单词的正确形式——热考用法
1．It is vital that the customers' demands (be) satisfied as early as possible.
答案与解析 (should) be It is vital that ...“……是至关重要的”，从句中谓语动词用“should ＋动词原形”，should可以省略，故填(should) be。
2．The project, unless (approve) by the government, will not be carried out soon.
答案与解析 approved approve与The project是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词作状语。也可理解为此处是状语从句的省略。unless approved是unless it is approved的省略形式。
3．There is no doubt her accurate description helps us a lot.
答案与解析 that there is no doubt that ...“毫无疑问……”，是固定句式。
4．Mary found the lecture so (bear) that she slid out halfway through.
答案与解析 unbearable 设空在句中作宾补，应用形容词，且根据语境“发现讲座难以忍受因此中途溜出”可知，该空填形容词unbearable。
5．We were (mild) surprised to see the talented colleague so soon.
答案与解析 mildly 设空在句中作状语修饰形容词surprised，应用副词，故填mildly，意为“轻微地”。
6．I was about to call the editor I found my cellphone missing.
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答案与解析 when be about to do sth. when ...“正要做某事这时……”， when表“这时突然”。
7．This medicine is (poison) if taken in large quantities.
答案与解析 poisonous 设空在句中作表语，应用形容词，表“有毒的”，故填poisonous。
8．I knocked over the bucket and the water (pour) out all over the door.
答案与解析 poured 设空在句中作谓语，根据并列句中已存在的谓语动词knocked可知，设空处谓语动词用一般过去时，故填poured。
9．The boy (choke) to death when a fish bone got stuck in his throat.
答案与解析 choked 从句中谓语动词是一般过去时，故主句用一般过去时，填choked。choke to death “噎死”。
10．Frank was under (press) from his parents to become an editor.
答案与解析 pressure 设空前是介词，故该空填名词pressure。under pressure “在压力下”。
Ⅱ.用括号内动词的正确形式填空——不规则变化
1．Her legs (swell) from standing up all day，which is really painful.
答案与解析 have swollen/swelled 根据句中时间状语all day，和从句谓语动词is可知，设空处谓语用现在完成时；swell “肿胀”，是不及物动词，故填have swollen/swelled。swell (肿胀)—swelled —swollen/swelled—swelling。
2．Susan (fall) ill on vacation, which was really unlucky.
答案与解析 fell 从句谓语动词是一般过去时，故主句用一般过去时，故填fell。fall ill “生病”。fall (落下；降落；变得)—fell—fallen—falling。
3．The girl lay on the ground, and (bleed) heavily.
答案与解析 bled 设空所填谓语动词与句中已有谓语动词lay时态一致，应用一般过去时，故填bled。bleed(流血)—bled—bled—bleeding。
Ⅲ.改正下列句子中的唯一错误——易错混用
1．She made the children delighted in variety of ways.
答案与解析 variety→varieties varieties of 相当于a variety of“各种各样的”。
2．My schedule is very tightly now, but I'll try to fit you in.
答案与解析 tightly→tight 在句中作表语，应用形容词，故tightly改为tight。
3．What is most admirable is that they can apply theory for practice.
答案与解析 for→to apply ... to ... “把……应用于……中”；apply theory to practice“把理论运用于实践”。
4．There's no denying that the accident did him a severe injure.
答案与解析 injure→injury do sb. an injury “使某人受伤”。
5．Symptom of the disease include a headache and sore throat.
答案与解析 Symptom→Symptoms 根据句中的“include a headache and sore throat”可知，这种疾病的症状不止一种，故可数名词symptom应用复数形式，故Symptom改为Symptoms。
6．The photographer took off his wet clothes and squeezed the water.
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答案与解析 squeezed后加out squeeze out “挤出”。
7．These men acted unusually brave in the rescue.
答案与解析 brave→bravely 在该句中作状语修饰谓语acted，应用副词，故形容词brave改为bravely。
8．I was just crossing the road while it rained.
答案与解析 while→when be doing sth. when ...“正在做某事这时……”，when表“这时突然”。
9．The manager is treated for a rare skin disease now.
答案与解析 treated前加being 根据句中时间状语now可知，谓语动词用现在进行时；主语The manager与treat是被动关系，故用现在进行时的被动语态，故在treated前加being。
10．Problems with pronunciation remains one of the barrier to his improvement in English.
答案与解析 barrier→barriers 根据句中的one of the可知，barrier应用复数形式。
Ⅳ.根据语境选出画线部分的正确含义——熟词生义
A. hold back B. not enough C. burst with
1．Money was tight, but we had a roof over our heads, food on the table, clothes on our backs. B
2．His heart swelled with pride as he watched his daughter collect her prize. C
3．I stood there trembling and trying to choke back the tears. A
小题补练
短文改错
Dear Amy，
I am so sorry to learn that you suddenly fell ill. It's never easy to adapting to a new environment, and hopeful you'll soon get used to it.
As scheduling, our football match took place next Saturday. I would greatly appreciate that if you could let me to know whether you can take part in it by then. By a way, our traditional Dragon Boat Festival is coming next month. My family and I are all expected your coming to enjoy the authentic festive atmosphere with us.
Don't hesitate to tell him if you need any help. Sincerely hope that you will well soon.
Yours，
Li Hua
答案与解析
Dear Amy，
I am so sorry to learn that you suddenly fell ill. It's never easy to to a new environment, and you'll soon get used to it.
As our football match place next Saturday. I would greatly appreciate if
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you could let me know whether you can take part in it by then. By way, our traditional Dragon Boat Festival is coming next month. My family and I are all your coming to enjoy the authentic festive atmosphere with us.
Don't hesitate to tell if you need any help. Sincerely hope that you will well soon.
Yours，
Li Hua
①adapting→adapt 考查非谓语动词。it is ＋adj.＋to do sth. “做某事……”，在该句式中不定式是真正的主语，it是形式主语。
②hopeful→hopefully 考查副词。在句中作状语修饰全句，应用副词，故hopeful改为hopefully。
③scheduling→scheduled 考查省略结构。as scheduled “按照计划”，是as it is scheduled 的省略形式。
④took→takes 考查时态。根据语境可知足球赛于下周六举行，是按照计划要发生的动作，应用一般现在时代替一般将来时。
⑤that→it 考查固定句式。I would appreciate it if ...“如果……我将不胜感激”。
⑥去掉to 考查非谓语动词。let sb. do sth. “让某人做某事”。
⑦a→the 考查冠词。by the way“顺便说一下”，是固定短语。
⑧expected→expecting 考查语态。主语My family and I 与expect是主动关系，且表正在发生的动作，故用现在进行时。故expected改为expecting。
⑨him→me 考查代词。根据语境该处应表“如果需要帮助，请告诉我”， 故用代词me。
⑩will后加be 考查情态动词用法。情态动词不能单独作谓语，如后面接形容词或名词应在情态动词和形容词之间加系动词be。
写 作 提 能
用本单元词汇、句式和语法知识写满分作文
你校英文报社正在开展主题为“急救知识”的征文活动。请你用英语写一篇短文，介绍自己所了解的急救知识，并给英文报社投稿。
(一)根据提示利用本单元所学知识补全短文(无提示处请填写适当的过渡词汇：therefore、what's worse)
Cuts are ①very common injuries in our daily life (我们的日常生活中非常常见的伤)，which will cause pain, swelling or bleeding. ②What's worse, the victims may get infected or even die. ③Therefore, ④a knowledge of first aid can make a big difference (了解一些急救知识很重要). ❶The following steps ⑤can be used to treat cuts (处理割伤).
For a simple cut, it is only necessary to wash the area of the cut, dry it and ⑥cover it with a piece of dry clean cloth (用干燥而干净的布包扎伤口). If the person ⑦is bleeding badly/heavily (流血很严重), it is important that you should try to ⑧stop the bleeding by applying pressure to the injury (通过向伤口施压止血). That is because if a person loses one third of his or her blood, he or she may die. ❷If it is necessary,
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⑨take the injured person to the hospital (把伤员送往医院)．
(二)按要求升级词汇和句式
1．用本单元所学词汇升级加波浪线词汇
important→vital
2．按要求升级句式
(1)利用强调句式升级句❶
It is the following steps that can be used to treat cuts.
(2)利用省略句式升级句❷
If necessary, take the injured person to the hospital.
选修6
Unit 1 Art
基础巧回顾
见学生用书P140
单词巧练
写准并记牢
高考与教材
重点单词
1.attempt n．[C，U]努力；尝试；企图 vt. 尝试；企图→attempted adj.企图的；未遂的
2.figure n．[C] 画像；身材；数字 vt.计算→(熟词生义)认为；估计
3.aim n．[C]目标；目的 vi.& vt.瞄准；(向某方向)努力→aimless adj.没有目标的；无目的的→aimlessly ad v.漫无目的地；无目标地
4.appeal vi. 有感染力；呼吁；求助→(熟词生义) vt.将……上诉 n．[C，U]呼吁；恳求；吸引力→appealing adj.吸引人的
5.adopt vt.采用；采纳；收养→adopted adj.被收养的；被采用的→adoption n．[U]收养；采用
6.faith n．[U]信任；信心；信念→faithful adj.忠实的；守信的→faithfully ad v.忠实地
7.possess vt.拥有；具有；支配→possession n．[U]拥有；占有；(用复数)财产
8.evident adj.明显的；明白的→evidently ad v.
Ⅰ.高考与单句填空
1.(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)The theater aims to build (build) a bridge between deaf and hearing worlds.
2.(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)Both of us had the qualities and virtues that are typical of American actors.
3.(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)Sitting back in the car on the way to the airport, I figured it all out.
4.(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)They preferred good news to bad.
5.(全国卷Ⅰ)For disabled people, “adopting (adopt) a wheelchair” is not a temporary experiment.
6.(全国卷)We need to repair our possessions (possess) instead of throwing them away.
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显然；明显→evidence n．[U]证据
9.predict vt.预言；预告；预测→prediction n．[C，U]预言→predictor n．[C]预言者
10.preference n．[C，U]喜爱；偏爱→prefer vt.喜爱；偏爱→preferred/preferred(过去式/过去分词)
11.typical adj.典型的；有代表性的→typically ad v.典型地
12.specific adj. 确切的；特定的→specifically ad v. 确切地；特定地
阅读单词
13.abstract adj.抽象的；深奥的 n．摘要
14.delicate adj.脆弱的；容易生病的；精致的
15.exhibition n．展览；陈列；展览会
16.reputation n．名声；名誉
17.coincidence n．巧合(的事)
Ⅱ.教材与单句改错(每题最多2处错误)
1.They paid famous artists to paint pictures of themselves, their houses and possession as well as their activities.possession→possessions
2.People began to concentrate less on religious themes and adopted with a more humanistic attitude to life.去掉with
3.Rich people wanted to possess of their own paintings, so they could decorate their superb palaces and great houses.去掉of
4.The painter does not attempt to painting objects as we see them with our eyes.painting→paint
5.By a coincidence, oil paints were also developed at this time.去掉a
短语巧练
写准并记牢
高考与教材
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1.appeal to (对某人)有吸引力；(使某人)感兴趣；呼吁
2.by coincidence 巧合地
3.concentrate on 集中；全神贯注于
4.be allergic to ... 对……过敏
5.as a consequence 结果
6.a great deal 大量；非常
7.at the same time 与此同时
8.on the other hand (可是)另一方面
9.in the flesh 活着的；本人
10.lie in 在于
11.scores of 大量；许多
Ⅰ.高考与单句填空
1.(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)Some famous artists will come to the exhibition in the flesh.
2.(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)You'd better spend a great deal of time reading some relative materials.
Ⅱ.教材与单句改错(每题最多2处错误)
1.On other hand, some paintings of modern art are so realistic that they look like photographs.On后加the
2.The reputation of this museum lies on the variety of its art collections. on→in
3.There are score of modern art styles.score→scores
句式仿写
原句背诵
我会仿写
1.because引导表语从句
This is because the Impressionists encouraged artists to look at their environment in new ways.
这是因为印象派画家鼓励艺术家用新的方法观察环境。
1.(安徽卷)从太空上看，地球是蓝色的。这是因为地球表面大约71%都由水覆盖。
From space, the earth looks blue. This is because about seventy－one percent of the surface is covered by water.
2.现在分词短语作结果状语
Henry Clay Frick, a rich New Yorker, died in 1919, leaving his house, furniture and art collection to the American people.
亨利·克莱·弗里克是纽约的一位富豪，于1919年去世，把他的房子、家具和艺术收藏品全部留给了美国人民。
2.北京至雄安新区的城际铁路开工建设，将两地之间的旅行时长缩短至半小时。
A new intercity railway between Beijing and the Xiongan New Area is under construction, shortening travel time to half an hour.
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3.without短语引起的含蓄虚拟条件句
Without the new paints and the new technique, we would not be able to see the many great masterpieces for which this period is famous.
没有新的颜料和新的(绘画)手法，我们就不能看到很多使这一时期著名的杰作。
3.(2015·重庆卷)没有战争期间的经历，海明威就写不出他著名的小说《永别了，武器》。
Without his wartime experiences, Hemingway wouldn't have written his famous novel A Farewell to Arms.
重点全突破
Part 1 重点单词
1.aim n. ①[C]目标；②[U]瞄准∥vi.&vt. (aimed, aimed, aiming) 瞄准；旨在；(向某方向)努力
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①(2017·全国卷Ⅱ满分作文)A paper－cutting exhibition will be held. It aims to promote (promote) traditional Chinese culture.
②The book is aiming at very young children.aiming→aimed
(2)句式升级(按要求升级练习①)
③A paper－cutting exhibition will be held, with the aim of promoting traditional Chinese culture.(介词短语)
④A paper－cutting exhibition will be held, aiming to promote traditional Chinese culture.(分词作定语)
⑤A paper－cutting exhibition will be held, which aims to promote traditional Chinese culture.(定语从句)
后记牢
(1)achieve/realize one's aim
实现某人的目标
take aim at ... 向……瞄准
with the aim of ... 以……为目标；意在……
(2)aim to do sth./aim at doing sth.
旨在做某事
be aimed at 目的是；旨在
◆佳句This activity, aimed at improving students' ability of listening and speaking, gained great popularity.这项旨在提高学生的听说能力的活动大受欢迎。
2.possess vt. (possessed, possessed, possessing) 拥有；具有；支配
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先试做
(1)短文填空/单句改错
①With his business going smoothly, he at first possessed big houses, cars, and later he took possession of stocks of different companies. Then, he found that everything he had dreamed of was in his possession.(possess)
②Having been cheated, he lost all his possession.possession→possessions
(2)一句多译
据我所知，他拥有许多这个艺术家的作品。
③As far as I know, he possesses a large number of the artist's works.
④As far as I know, he is in possession of a large number of the artist's works.
⑤As far as I know, a large number of the artist's works are in the possession of him.
后记牢
(1)possess sth. 拥有某物(不用于进行时)
be possessed of 拥有；具有(某品质、能力等)
(2)take possession of 占有/拥有
sb.be in possession of sth. 某人占有/拥有某物
sth.be in the possession of sb.某物为某人所有
◆佳句Although he doesn't possess much money, he is possessed of good health.虽然他没有很多钱，但是他拥有健康的身体。
3.attempt n．[C，U]努力；尝试；企图 ∥vt. (attempted, attempted, attempting) 尝试；企图
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①(人教⑤)All attempts by the experts to cure (cure) him failed.
②The plan was so impractical that no attempt was made (make) to realize it.
③He's attempting to finishing his painting in a week.finishing→finish
(2)句型转换(用其他表达方式转换练习③的正确表达)
→④He's making an attempt to finish/at finishing his painting in a week.
后记牢
(1)make an attempt to do/at doing sth.
试图做某事
at one's/the first attempt 第一次尝试
in an attempt to do sth. 为了做某事
(2)attempt to do sth. 努力做某事
◆佳句 If you fail at the first attempt, there is no need to care about that.如果你第一次尝试失败的话，也没必要担心。4.figure n．[C]画像；人物；身材；体形；数字(pl. figures)∥vt. (figured, figured, figuring)
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估计；计算；认为
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①(2017·北京卷) If you don't understand something, you may research, study, and talk to other people until you figure it out.
②(2015·福建卷)Mary has kept the figure after all these years by working out every day.the→her
(2)单句写作
林肯被认为是世界上最鼓舞人心的人物之一。
③Lincoln is regarded as one of the most inspiring figures in the world.
后记牢
(1)figure out 弄清楚；理解；计算出
(2)keep one's figure 保持体形
have a good figure 身材好
a political/public/leading figure
一位政治/公众/领军人物
◆佳句I figure he will adopt your suggestion.
我估计他会采用你的建议。
Learning that you have a typical preference for traditional Chinese customs, I'd like to give you a brief introduction of sticking New Year paintings. One of the important aims of sticking New Year paintings with figures on doors is to attempt to bring good luck. Besides, by doing so, people hope to possess good health and happiness.
Part 2 短语与句型
1．on the other hand (可是)另一方面(常与on the one hand对应使用)
先试做
(1)单句填空
①On the one hand, I have strong belief that I will do well in the exam; on the other hand, I feel a bit nervous, though it's not difficult.
(2)词汇升级(用本单元所学高级过渡词汇升级黑体词汇)
②Firstly, I can earn some money by doing it to help my parents; secondly, I can gain some experience from it, which will do good to my future life.On (the) one hand/For one thing on the other hand/for another
后记牢
(1)on (the) one hand ...; on the other hand ...
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一方面……；另一方面(却)……
(2)first(ly) ...; second(ly) ...
第一……；第二……
(3)for one thing ...; for another ...
一则……；二则……
◆佳句We each have strengths, but on the other hand each of us has weaknesses.我们每个人都有优点，但是另一方面我们每个人也都有缺点。
2.appeal to (对某人)有吸引力；(使某人)感兴趣；向某人呼吁
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①(2017·江苏卷)The teacher suggested that Gabriel go into the music store－room to see if any of the instruments there appeal to him.
②The police are making an appeal to the public for information about the suspect.
③The government appealed to everyone to saving water.saving→save
(2)一句多译
我们正在呼吁公众更加关注环境保护。
④We're appealing to the public to pay more attention to environmental protection.(appeal v.)
⑤We're making an appeal to the public to pay more attention to environmental protection.(appeal n．)
后记牢
(1)appeal to sb. for sth./to do sth.
向某人呼吁/恳求……
(2)make an appeal to sb. for sth.
为……向某人呼吁或请求
make an appeal to sb. to do sth.
呼吁/恳求某人做某事
◆佳句Sports has become an important form of entertainment, appealing to both men and women.
体育运动已成为一种重要的娱乐形式，吸引着男男女女。
3.Without the new paints and the new technique, we would not be able to see the many great masterpieces for which this period is famous.没有新的颜料和新的(绘画)手法，我们就不能看到很多使这一时期著名的杰作。
句型公式 without＋名词，主语＋虚拟语气形式的谓语，意为“若不是……；要是没有……”
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①Without your ticket, I wouldn't be able to go to the concert tomorrow.
②But for your help, we would have been (be) in trouble that day.
③Thanks to your directions to the house; otherwise we would have found it.
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would→wouldn't/would后加not
(2)句式升级(用“介词＋关系代词”引导的从句升级)
I wish to thank Professor Smith, and without his help I would never have gone through that bitter period.
→④I wish to thank Professor Smith, without whose help I would never have gone through that bitter period.
后记牢
(1)“without/but for＋名词”可取代if引导的虚拟条件句，主句用虚拟语气，表示所说内容与事实相反。
(2)除了without、but for之外，otherwise、but 等也常用来表示虚拟条件。
◆佳句①Without excellent education there would be no advanced science and technology.
没有良好的教育就没有先进的科学和技术。
②I would have attended the meeting, but I got caught in the heavy traffic jam.
我遇上大堵车了，不然我就参加会议了。
4.Among the painters who broke away from the traditional style of painting were the Impressionists, who lived and worked in Paris.在那些突破传统画法的画家中有印象派画家，他们在巴黎生活和工作。
句型公式 表地点的介词短语＋谓语动词＋主语
先试做
补全句子/完成句子
①Just in front of our house stands a tall tree (有一棵大树) with a history of 1,000 years.
②Next door to ours live a foreign couple (住着一对外国夫妇), who seem to have settled into life in China.
③昨天出席晚会的有我们的英语老师。
Present at the evening party was our English teacher yesterday.
后记牢
(1)out、in、into、down、up、away、here、now、then、there等表示方位和时间的副词和表示地点的介词短语置于句首，且主语是名词时，句子用完全倒装。
(2)当作表语的介词短语、形容词、分词提到系动词前面时，句子要全部倒装，构成“介词短语/形容词/分词＋系动词＋主语”结构。
(3)主语是人称代词时，句子的主谓不倒装。
The exhibition aims to give artists an opportunity to display their works. On the other hand, it provides tourists a chance to have a better understanding of some valuable treasures. Among these collections are some delicate Chinese vases, which appeal to visitors from all over the world every day. Without the exhibition, we would not be able to see those wonderful vases.
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集训新思路
四 维 夯 基
本部分练习中加黑体词语是必修5 Unit 5的词汇复现，如有遗忘，请及时回顾。
Ⅰ.在空白处填入1个适当的单词或所给单词的正确形式——热考用法
1．In my view, it's not easy to break away an old habit.
答案与解析 from break away from“摆脱”。
2．Put your book in place and concentrate your study.
答案与解析 on concentrate on“专心于”。
3．He is the first man (award) for his bravery in the accident.
答案与解析 to be awarded the first等序数词修饰名词，其后应用不定式作后置定语；又因award与He是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用不定式的被动形式。
4．It is (evidence) that his knowledge makes a real difference in the research.
答案与解析 evident 设空在句中作表语，应用形容词，故填evident。
5．Without your timely treatment, I wouldn't (survive)．
答案与解析 have survived 根据语境“没有你及时的治疗，我就不会活下来”可知，主句是对过去情况的假设，应用would have done 形式。设空前有wouldn't，故填have survived。
6．So far, we (adopt) a number of measures to treat his diseases.
答案与解析 have adopted 句中时间状语是So far，故谓语动词用现在完成时，故填have adopted。
7．Any person (possess) one of these rings has great power.
答案与解析 possessing Any person与possess是逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词作定语。
8．Many elderly people expressed a strong (prefer) to live in their own houses.
答案与解析 preference 设空前是a strong，故设空应填名词preference。
9．I always follow the instructions on medicine bottles (faith)．
答案与解析 faithfully 设空在句中作状语，应用副词，故填faithfully。
10．It is hard to make an accurate (predict) about the future life.
答案与解析 prediction 设空前是形容词accurate，故设空应填名词。make a prediction “做出预测”。
Ⅱ.用括号内动词的正确形式填空——不规则变化
1．There was no doubt that the man's advantage (lie) in his ability to communicate with foreigners in English.
答案与解析 lay 主句谓语动词时态是一般过去时，故从句用一般过去时。lie in “在于”。lie(躺；在于)—lay—lain—lying。
2．On the other hand, his absence finally (lead) to his being fired last month.
答案与解析 led 句中时间状语是last month，故谓语动词用一般过去时，故填led。lead to“导致”。lead (致使；导致；通向)—led—led—leading。
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3．My child (draw) a beautiful picture since he was encouraged by the scholar.
答案与解析 has drawn since引导时间状语从句，主句谓语动词用现在完成时，故填has drawn。draw (画画；吸引)—drew—drawn—drawing。
Ⅲ.改正下列句子中的唯一错误——易错混用
1．These scholar present at the meeting come from all corners of the world.
答案与解析 scholar→scholars 根据句中谓语动词come和scholar前的These可知，scholar应用复数形式。
2．I'm delighted to know you have such firm faith with me.
答案与解析 with→in have faith in sb. “信任某人”。
3．I like the flowers, but unfortunately I am allergic for them.
答案与解析 for→to be allergic to ... “对……过敏”。
4．Are you looking for a temporary or permanently job？
答案与解析 permanently→permanent 在句中作定语修饰名词job，应用形容词。
5．If his injury becomes unbearable, he will get aggressively and start shouting.
答案与解析 aggressively→aggressive 句中get是系动词，故其后应用形容词作表语，故aggressively改为aggressive。
6．I have learnt a great deal valuable experience from you about first aid.
答案与解析 deal后加of a great deal of 修饰不可数名词。a great deal 相当于副词，在句中修饰谓语作状语。
7．I bought several bunch of flowers for my mother at her birthday.
答案与解析 bunch→bunches 根据bunch前的several可知，bunch应用复数形式。
8．The flower is so very delicate that I want to buy a number of them.
答案与解析 去掉very 本句是so ... that ...“如此……以至于……”结果状语从句，故句中的副词very多余。
9．He has good reputation in our town because he has cured many people of their diseases.
答案与解析 good前加a have a good reputation “名声很好”。
10．The museum is worth visiting in flesh.
答案与解析 flesh前加the in the flesh “本人；亲自”。
Ⅳ.根据语境选出画线部分的正确含义——熟词生义
A. introduction B. is tired of C. collected
1．It is amazing that so many great paintings are housed in the old man's house. C
2．From the abstract of the speech, I learn that it is about the development of modern art. A
3．To be honest, I think he is allergic to work, because he never puts his heart into it. B
小题补练
短文改错
The person I would like to interview him is Yang Liwei.
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If only I can interview him. He is not only the first Chinese to go to space and also one of the greatest astronaut in the world. I have long been interested in space exploration and I wish I can learn great deal from him about it.
If I was to interview him, I would ask him what made him an astronaut and how he was trained. I am also curiously about how he felt in space and whether space travel is as great fun as I have read. Finally, my friends also suggest I asked a few questions about her personal life, which must be very interesting.
答案与解析
The person I would like to interview is Yang Liwei.
If only I interview him. He is not only the first Chinese to go to space also one of the greatest in the world. I have long been interested in space exploration and I wish I learn great deal from him about it.
If I to interview him, I would ask him what made him an astronaut and how he was trained. I am also about how he felt in space and whether space travel is as great fun as I have read. Finally, my friends also suggest I a few questions about personal life, which must be very interesting.
①去掉him I would like to interview是修饰The person的定语从句，故从句中代替The person的代词him多余，应去掉。
②can→could if only“要是……就好了”，从句是对将来情况的假设，应用一般过去时，故can改为could。
③and→but not only ... but also ...“不但……而且……”。
④astronaut→astronauts 根据句中的one of the可知astronaut应用复数形式。
⑤can→could wish宾语从句是对将来情况的假设，应用could do形式，故can改为could。
⑥great前加a a great deal“大量的；许多”。
⑦was→were if从句是对将来情况的假设，应用were to do形式。在虚拟语气中，be动词的过去式形式为were。
⑧curiously→curious be curious about...“对……好奇”。
⑨asked→ask suggest作“建议”讲时，后接宾语从句，谓语动词用should do形式，should可省略。
⑩her→his 短文叙述的是采访杨利伟的事情，应用人称代词his。
写 作 提 能
用本单元词汇、句式和语法知识写满分作文
假设你是李华，想邀请外教Peter一起参观艺术展览，请给他写封邮件，内容包括：
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①展览时间、地点和目的；②展览内容。
(一)根据提示利用本单元所学知识补全短文
Dear Peter，
❶I'm writing to invite you to visit an art exhibition, and it ①is aimed at promoting traditional Chinese culture (旨在促进中国传统文化). The exhibition will be held in our city gallery at 6 p．m. next Saturday.
②The exhibition concentrates on traditional Chinese paper－cutting (展览以中国传统剪纸为主) as well as excellent calligraphy and paintings, which are all made or owned by some painters, who will join in the exhibition. In addition, ❷some famous artists are among the painters. I know ③you have a preference for traditional Chinese culture (你更喜欢中国传统文化), so you had better not miss it.
Hope to see you on Saturday evening!
Yours，
Li Hua
(二)按要求升级词汇和句式
1．用本单元所学词汇升级加波浪线词汇
owned→possessed
2．按要求升级句式
(1)利用分词作定语升级句❶
I'm writing to invite you to visit an art exhibition, aimed at promoting traditional Chinese culture.
(2)利用倒装句升级句❷
among the painters are some famous artists
Unit 2 Poems
基础巧回顾
见学生用书P146
单词巧练
写准并记牢
高考与教材
重点单词
1.convey vt.传达；运送
2.exchange n. [C，U]交换；交流；互换 vt.& vi. 调换；交换
3.tease vi.& vt. 取笑；招惹；戏弄
4.sponsor n. [C]赞助人；主办者；倡议者 vt. 发起；举办；倡议
5.load n. [C]负担；负荷物(尤指沉重的) vt.
Ⅰ.高考与单句填空
1.(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)I put some pine branches (branch) into the basket to make this nest safe and comfortable.
2.(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)The company eventually (eventual) settled in Tel Aviv in the late 1920s.
3.(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)So information
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装载 →(反义词)unload vt.卸载
6.appropriate adj. 适当的；正当的→appropriately ad v. 适当地→(反义词)inappropriate adj. 不适当的
7.darkness n. [U]黑暗；漆黑→dark adj.黑暗的
8.endless adj.无穷的；无止境的→end n．& v.终止；结束→ending n. [C]结尾；结局
9.eventually ad v. 最后；终于→eventual adj.最后的
10.flexible adj.灵活的；可弯曲的；柔顺的→flexibly ad v.灵活地；易曲地；柔软地→flexibility n. [U]柔韧性；灵活性
11.transform vi.& vt.转化；转换；改造；变换→transformation n. [U]转化；转换；变换
12.sorrow n. [U]悲伤；悲痛；懊悔→sorrowful adj.悲伤的；悲痛的
13.translation n. [U]翻译；[C]译文→translate v.翻译→translator n. [C]译员；翻译家
阅读单词
14.branch n．枝条；支流；部门
15.concrete adj.具体的
16.scholarship n．奖学金；学问；学术成就
was exchanged (exchange), but it wasn't a true, intentional back and forth.
4.(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)Theater owner Ed Bradford said he chose the movie because it seemed appropriate (appropriately)．
5.(2014·全国卷Ⅰ)There were amazing stories of instant transformation (transform)．
6.(2013·全国卷Ⅱ)Even pizza can be healthy if it is loaded (load) with vegetables.
Ⅱ.教材与单句改错(每题最多2处错误)
1.I've saved some sunlight if you should ever need a place away from the darkness.去掉the
2.Don't forget to load the compass with the suitcase.with→into
3.Students can convey about a strong picture in a few words.去掉about
4.If there had not been an exchanging programme, he would not have found a sponsor to help him study abroad.exchanging→exchange
5.If Emily hadn't teased about the cat, it would not have knocked over the beautiful vase.去掉about
短语巧练
写准并记牢
高考与教材
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1.take it easy 轻松；不紧张；从容
2.run out of 用完；用光
3.let out 发出；放走；泄露
4.in particular 尤其；特别
5.try out 测试；试验
6.be made up of 由……构成
7.be popular with 受到欢迎
8.stay up 熬夜
9.hold on 坚持；忍受
10.by chance 偶然地
Ⅰ.高考与单句填空
1.(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)Jazz is less popular with the young.
2.(全国卷Ⅰ)Take it easy. Nobody is perfect.
3.(全国卷)So many places of interest does Beijing offer that most visitors simply run out of time before seeing it all.
Ⅱ.教材与单句改错(每题最多2处错误)
1.If I were you, I would take it easily and go home early. easily→easy
2.The cinquain is a poem making up of five lines.making→made
3.If, by a chance, he should win, he would spend the prize money on a computer. 去掉第一个a
4.I think Lucy will try for his way sometime.for→out
句式仿写
原句背诵
我会仿写
1.why引导定语从句，修饰先行词reasons
There are various reasons why people write poetry.
人们写诗有各种各样的原因。
1.(2017·江苏卷)在2016年这种增长减缓的原因是多样的。
The reasons why the increase slowed down in 2016 are various.
2.并列连词while表转折和对比
Some rhyme (like B) while others do not (like C)．
有些押韵(像B首诗)而有些不是这样(像C首诗)。
2.(2016·上海卷)一些孩子和避难所的一位老妇人住在一起而其他一些孩子睡在街道上。
Some of the children lived with an older lady in a shelter while others slept on the streets.
3.“With ... to choose from”属于“with＋宾语＋宾补”结构
With so many different forms of poetry to choose from, students may eventually want to write poems of their own.
有了这么多可供选择的诗歌类型，学生们最终也许会想写自己的诗歌了。
3.(2016·四川卷)这个地区位于亚马孙雨林边，只有一半人口生活在其首都。
This area sits on the edge of the Amazon rainforest, with half its population living in its capital.
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重点全突破
Part 1 重点单词
1.convey vt. (conveyed, conveyed, conveying) 传达；表达；运送；传导；传播
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①If you see James, do convey my apologies to him.
②The message conveyed (convey) here is clear, “Actions speak louder than words.”
③His music conveys his readers how he feels about the world. conveys后加to
(2)词汇升级(用本单元所学高级词汇升级黑体词汇)
④I would like to express my sincere thanks to you for your assistance.convey my sincere appreciation
后记牢
convey ...to sb. 向某人表达/传递……
convey sb./sth. from A to B把某人/某物从A地运送到B地
convey one's feelings/meaning/view/appreciation/apology (to sb.) (向某人)表达某人的感情/意思/观点/感激/歉意
◆佳句Her letter clearly conveyed that she was determined to carry on.她在信中清楚表明她决心继续下去。
2.transform vi.&vt. (transformed, transformed, transforming) 转化；转换；改造；变换
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①The past ten years has witnessed a complete transformation (transform) of my hometown.
②Every moment of every day, energy is transformed (transform) from one form into another.
(2)词汇升级(用本单元所学高级词汇升级黑体词汇)
③Your generous help turned my first American trip into an unforgettable memory. transformed
后记牢
(1)transform ... into ... 使……变成……
transform into 转化成；改造为
be transformed from ... into ... 由……变成……
(2)transformation of ... ……的转变
◆佳句(牛津词典)It was an event that would transform my life.那是能够改变我一生的一件事。
3.exchange n．[C，U]交换；交流；互换∥vt.(exchanged, exchanged, exchanging) 调换；交换
先试做
单句填空/单句改错
①(2016·天津卷)During the two－week activities, we surely exchanged (exchange) our ideas on learning, ways of life and culture.
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②(湖北卷)It is illegal for a public official to ask people for gifts or money in exchange for favours to them.
③(重庆卷)They exchange ideas and feelings with each other, through which they probably acquire more knowledge.
④(四川卷)I have volunteered to help two exchanging students with their Mandarin learning during the past two years. exchanging→exchange
后记牢
(1)make an exchange 交换
in exchange (for ...) 作为交换(……)
(2)exchange sth. for sth. 用某物交换某物
exchange sth. with sb. 与某人交换某物
(3)exchange student 交换生
cultural exchange 文化交流
◆佳句I have offered to teach him English in exchange for his help in math.我提出教他英语，作为交换他教我数学。
4.load n．[C]负担；(尤指沉重的)负荷物∥vt.&vi. (loaded, loaded, loading)装载；加重；把弹药装入(枪炮)
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①(朗文词典)Knowing they have arrived safely took a load off my mind.
②The ship fully loaded (load) with rice reached its destination finally.
③There are load of places to visit in Beijing.load→loads或load前加a
(2)一句多译
工人们正在将货物装进卡车。
④The workers were loading the truck with goods.
⑤The workers were loading goods into the truck.
后记牢
(1)take a load off one's mind 卸下心头重担
loads of/a load of ... 许多……(修饰可数
或不可数名词)
(2)load ... with ... 用……装载……；
使……负担……
load ... into/onto ... 把……装进……
be loaded with ... 负载/装满……
◆佳句Some students complain that they are loaded with too much homework.
一些学生抱怨说他们的作业太多了。
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The reason why I recommend you to learn Tang poems is that they are valuable cultural heritage of China. In addition, loads of Tang poems have been translated into foreign languages and they are popular with foreign readers. By reading Tang poems and exchanging views can you truly understand the feelings that the poems convey to us.
Part 2 短语与句型
1．take it easy (＝take things easy) 轻松；不紧张；从容
先试做
单句填空/单句改错
①It's nice to sit down and take it easy after a hard day's work.
②Some of us always take it for granted that our parents or grandparents should take care of us.
③Believe it or not, I always take your suggestions serious. serious→seriously
④Never take my patience for a sign of weakness.for→as
后记牢
(1)take one's time 别着急；慢慢来
take sth. seriously 重视某事；对某事严肃对待
take ... for granted 认为……理所当然
(2)take ... as ... 把……当作……
◆佳句Take your time, please. Try to follow the natural steps and have your own clock.慢慢来，努力跟随自然的步伐，建立你自己的生物钟。
2.run out of用完；用尽
先试做
选用右栏短语填空
Worse luck! First, food and drinking water had been used up before we reached the destination. Then, my husband was speeding up the car when it suddenly broke down. It turned out that the gas had run out/given out. So we had to walk ahead along the road until my strength gave out. We finally reached a small hotel but to our despair, we found we had run out of/used up our money.
后记牢
run out of
及物动词短语，以人作主语，同use up
run out
不及物动词短语，以物作主语，同give out
give out
不及物动词短语，表物“用完”或人“筋疲力尽”
use up
及物动词短语，同run out of
3.let out释放；放走；发出(叫喊声等)；泄露(消息、秘密等)；透露
先试做
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(1)单句填空/单句改错
①The glass doors have taken the place of the wooden ones at the entrance, letting in the natural light during the day.
②She was let (let) off with a fine instead of being sent to prison.
③It was he who let out of the information to the manager.去掉of
(2)一句多译
如果我能被录用为志愿者，我不会让你失望的。
④If I'm admitted as a volunteer, I won't let you down.(if从句)
⑤If admitted as a volunteer, I won't let you down.(省略句)
后记牢
let ... in 让……进来；放进
let off 排放；使爆炸；饶恕；放过
let alone 更不用说；更谈不上
let sb. alone 不打扰某人
let ...down 把……放下来；使……失望
let go (of) 放手；放开；释放
◆佳句Throwing their hats into the air, the fans of the winning team let out loud shouts of victory.获胜队的粉丝们发出胜利的欢呼声，同时大家都将帽子抛向了空中。
4.There are various reasons why people write poetry. 人们写诗有各种各样的原因。
句型公式 reason ＋why ... “……的原因”
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①The reason why he failed the English exam was that he didn't learn it well.
②The reason that/which he explained to us was that he hadn't read the book before.
③The reason why I admire him is because he starts every day with a smile.because→that
(2)句型转换
He wasn't admitted into a key university because his grades were too low.
→④The reason why he wasn't admitted into a key university was that his grades were too low.
后记牢
(1)The reason why/for which ... is/was that ...意为“……的原因是……”，why在定语从句中作状语，that引导表语从句。
(2)reason作先行词，且关系词在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语时，一般用that/which引导定语从句，作宾语时，还可以省略。
(3)this/that is why ...这/那就是为什么……
(4)this/that is because ...这/那是因为……
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◆佳句The reason for failing the driving test is practice.
他没通过驾驶考试的原因是缺乏训练。
5.With so many different forms of poetry to choose from, students may eventually want to write poems of their own. 有了这么多可供选择的诗歌类型，学生们最终也许会想写自己的诗歌了。
句型公式 with＋宾语＋to do sth. “有……要做”
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①(2016·北京卷)I can teach myself a respectful profession, without going (go) to college.
②With the expert to help (help) us, we will surely accomplish our task.
③Standing with your arms folding can send out a signal that you are being defensive.folding→folded
④With little sleep and hardly any break, so he works from morning till night.去掉so
(2)句式升级(用with 结构升级)
(2016·全国卷Ⅲ满分作文)I have an important class meeting to attend, so I can't accompany you to the book store.
→⑤With an important class meeting to attend, I can't accompany you to the book store.
后记牢
“with/without＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构可构成复合结构，在句中作伴随或原因状语或定语。
(1)with＋名词/代词＋doing (doing表主动或正在进行的动作)
with＋名词/代词＋done (done表被动或已完成的动作)
with＋名词/代词＋to do (to do表将来的动作)
with＋名词/代词＋介词短语/adj./adv.(表宾语的性质或状态)
(2)without＋名词/代词＋doing sth./done“在没有做某事的情况下/在没有被……的情况下”
◆佳句Close to the school there was a beautiful park with many trees around it.
学校附近有个树木环绕的美丽公园。
The reason why I took part in the poem recitation was that I'm really fond of reciting ancient poems. With the competition approaching, I had been absorbed in reciting a load of poems. I was running out of time, but my friends reminded me to take it easy. Finally, when the judge announced me to be the winner, all my friends and I let out a cry of joy.
集训新思路
四 维 夯 基
本部分练习中加黑体词语是选修6 Unit 1的词汇复现，如有遗忘，请及时回顾。
Ⅰ.在空白处填入1个适当的单词或所给单词的正确形式——热考用法
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1．With a load (take) off my mind, I felt relaxed.
答案与解析 taken 在with结构中，take与a load是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词作宾补。
2．The book (translate) into more than 20 languages since it came out in 1997.
答案与解析 has been translated since引导时间状语从句时，主句谓语动词用现在完成时；主语The book与translate是被动关系，故用现在完成时的被动形式。又由主语为The book，故填has been translated。
3．The exhibition (sponsor) by several famous companies turned out to be a great success.
答案与解析 sponsored sponsor与The exhibition是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词作定语。
4．One of the (librarian) set down my phone number and promised to phone me as soon as the book was returned.
答案与解析 librarians 根据设空前的One of the可知，可数名词librarian应用复数形式。
5．My grandmother prefers to sit in the yard, enjoying the (warm) of the winter sun.
答案与解析 warmth 设空前是定冠词the，故设空处应填名词。
6．The third (piano) is said to be allergic to animal fur.
答案与解析 pianist 此处指第三个钢琴家，应用单数名词，故填pianist。
7．The lamp suddenly went out last night, leaving me completely in (dark)．
答案与解析 darkness 设空前是介词in，故设空处应填名词，dark的名词是darkness。
8．I just seem to do the same things week and week out.
答案与解析 in week in and week out“周而复始”。
9．I feel very tired now because I stayed very late last night to prepare the report.
答案与解析 up stay up “熬夜不睡”。
10．The stories are easy (understand). You can read them to your children.
答案与解析 to understand 此句是“主语＋be＋形容词＋不定式”结构，不定式与主语是逻辑上的动宾关系，形容词用以说明主语的性质。
Ⅱ.用括号内动词的正确形式填空——不规则变化
1．I (run) out of patience because Jim kept talking when I was doing my homework.
答案与解析 ran 设空所填谓语动词与从句中谓语动词时态一致，应用一般过去时，故填ran。run out of “用完”。run (跑)—ran—run—running。
2．The idea sounds great, but it must (try) out in practice.
答案与解析 be tried 主语it与try out是被动关系，故用被动语态。设空前已有情态动词must，故应填be tried。try out “测试；试验”。try (尝试)—tried—tried—trying。
3．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)Once I started the car, my mind (go) blank.
答案与解析 went once引导的时间状语从句谓语动词是一般过去时，故主句谓语动词用一般过去时，填went。go blank “变为空白”。go (变得；去)—went—gone—going。
4．When I (grow) older, I was introduced to other forms of poetry.
答案与解析 grew 根据主句谓语动词时态可知，从句用一般过去时，故填grew。grow
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(成长)—grew—grown—growing。
5．If the poet had not (write) such a beautiful poem about the place, it would not have been so famous.
答案与解析 written 从句是对过去的假设，故谓语用过去完成时，设空前已有had not，故填write的过去分词形式written。write (写)—wrote—written—writing。
Ⅲ.改正下列句子中的唯一错误——易错混用
1．It is not appropriately for you to adopt the style typical of the artist.
答案与解析 appropriately→appropriate 在句中作表语，应用形容词。It is appropriate for sb. to do sth. “某人做某事是合适的”。
2．My sister got teasing at school because of her preference for reading.
答案与解析 teasing→teased 主语My sister与tease是被动关系，故用被动语态。
3．Equipped with a great deal of experience, the teacher knows how to have his ideas convey.
答案与解析 convey→conveyed convey与his ideas是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词作宾补。
4．The two young people eventual passed the test at the first attempt.
答案与解析 eventual→eventually 在句中作状语修饰谓语动词passed，应用副词。
5．In only 20 years the country has been transformed an aggressive military power.
答案与解析 transformed后加into be transformed into ... “被转化为……”。
6．Is this the reason why he explained at the meeting for his carelessness in his work？
答案与解析 why→that/which或去掉why 定语从句先行词是the reason，从句中缺少宾语，故用关系代词that/which 引导定语从句。关系代词在从句中作宾语时，也可省略关系代词。
7．The film appealed to the children in particularly.
答案与解析 particularly→particular或去掉in in particular/particularly “特别地；尤其地”。
8．The team making up of pianists and musicians aims to hold a concert.
答案与解析 making→made be made up of ... “由……组成”，在句中作定语，应用过去分词形式。
9．Give me a glass of water because the soup tastes a bit salt.
答案与解析 salt→salty taste是系动词，其后应接形容词作表语，故salt改为salty。
10．Write on one side of the paper and leave the other side barely.
答案与解析 barely→bare 在leave宾补结构中作补语，应用形容词，故副词barely 改为bare。barely“几乎不”；bare“空的”。
Ⅳ.根据语境选出画线部分的正确含义——熟词生义
A. carried B. presented C. changing
1．The manager's office conveyed an impression of efficiency and motivation. B
2．People living in the district are really amazed at his translation of ideas into deeds. C
小题补练
Ⅰ.短文改错
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Dear Mr. Smith,
Are you available on next Monday? I'd like to invite you give us a lecture on English poems in the coming English Poetry Week.
The lecture will start at 2 p．m. in our school hall, that is expected to last for 3 hours. As an expert in English literature, would you please introduce some forms and pattern of English poems as well as its characteristics? Only in that way can we have the better understanding of English poems. As far as we know, you like poems particularly and have written a loads of poems. So if possibly, we'd rather you show us some of your poems. I would convey my appreciation for you if you could accept my invitation.
Looking forward to your reply.
Yours，
Li Hua
答案与解析
Dear Mr. Smith,
Are you available next Monday? I'd like to invite you give us a lecture on English poems in the coming English Poetry Week.
The lecture will start at 2 p．m. in our school hall, is expected to last for 3 hours. As an expert in English literature, would you please introduce some forms and of English poems as well as characteristics? Only in that way can we have better understanding of English poems. As far as we know, you like poems particularly and have written 或 of poems. So if we'd rather you us some of your poems. I would convey my appreciation you if you could accept my invitation.
Looking forward to your reply.
Yours，
Li Hua
①去掉on 表时间的名词前有this, that, next, last 等修饰时，前面不加介词，故去掉介词on。
②give前加to invite sb. to do sth. “邀请某人做某事”。
③that→which 非限制性定语从句先行词是The lecture，从句中缺少主语，故用关系代词which 引导非限制性定语从句。
④pattern→patterns 根据句中的forms 和characteristics可知pattern应用复数形式。
⑤its→their 根据前面提到的名词English poems可知该处应用代词their。
⑥the→a have a better understanding of “更好地了解”。
⑦去掉a或loads→load a load of/loads of “许多”。
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⑧possibly→possible if possible “如果可能的话”。
⑨show→showed would rather 从句是对将来的假设，故谓语动词用一般过去时，故show改为showed。
⑩for→to convey one's appreciation to sb. “向某人表达感激”。
Ⅱ.语法填空
How time flies! It has been more than one year since I became a high school student. I still remember the things that happened on my first school day as if they 1. (happen) yesterday. That day, an excellent senior student was asked to deliver a speech to share his learning methods with us. He said that it was necessary that we 2. (take) notes carefully while listening to teachers in class. Besides, he suggested that we 3. (be) active in class and exchange ideas about our studies 4. others after class. I think his advice is very useful and I have benefited a lot from it.
Every time I mention it to my good friend Lisa, she will say that she would rather she 5. (listen) to the senior student's speech as well. If she hadn't been seriously ill, she wouldn't 6. (be) absent from school on the first day. Lisa and I are good friends because we have 7. same interests and both of us like our English teacher Mrs. Li very much. We wish we were 8. tall, beautiful and knowledgeable as Mrs. Li. Besides, Mrs. Li treats us so well that it seems as if she 9. (be) our mother. Without Mrs. Li's help, we wouldn't have made such great progress in English.
I enjoy my high school life and I wish all of you could enjoy 10. (your) as well.
答案与解析
1．had happened 考查虚拟语气。as if状语从句是对过去事实的假设，应用过去完成时，故填had happened。
2. take 考查虚拟语气。it is necessary that ...主语从句中从句谓语动词用should do形式，should可省略。
3. be 考查虚拟语气。suggest作“建议”讲时，后接宾语从句，谓语动词用(should) do形式，should可省略。
4．with 考查动词短语。exchange sth. with sb.“与某人交换某物”。
5．had listened 考查虚拟语气。would rather从句是对过去事实的假设，应用过去完成时，故填had listened。
6．have been 考查虚拟语气。if虚拟条件句是过去完成时，是对过去事实的假设，故主句谓语用would have done形式。
7．the 考查冠词。“the same＋名词”表“相同的……”。
8．as 考查状语从句。根据设空后的形容词和as可知此处是as ... as ...同级比较级句式，故填as。
9．were 考查虚拟语气。as if从句是对现在事实的假设，应用一般过去时，故填were。
10．yours 考查代词。设空所填词指代your school life，应用yours代替。
写 作 提 能
用本单元词汇、句式和语法知识写满分作文
假定你是李华，正在教你的英国朋友Leslie学习汉语。请你发微信告知下次上课的计划。内容包括：
①时间和地点；②内容：学习唐诗；③课前准备：简要了解唐朝的历史。
(一)根据提示利用本单元所学知识补全短文(无提示处请填写适当的过渡词汇：in addition、to begin with)
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Dear Leslie，
❶As the next class approaches, I'd like to ①inform you of our concrete class schedule (告诉你我们具体的课程安排), which is about poetry of the Tang Dynasty. ❷We are to meet on Friday morning in the park, and there ②the air is good to breathe (空气呼吸起来很好) and ③the scenery is beautiful in particular (风景特别美). To learn it well, you need to do the following things before the next class.
④To begin with, ⑤it is appropriate that you (should) read some materials about poetry of the Tang Dynasty (阅读有关唐朝诗歌的材料是合适的), which plays an extremely important role in Chinese literature. You can find some original poems of famous poets, such as Li Bai and Du Fu. ⑥In addition, knowing the history of the Tang Dynasty will help you better understand the poems to be learnt.
After class, you can ⑦exchange your thoughts and ideas with me (和我交流思想和观念)．
Yours，
Li Hua
(二)按要求升级句式
1．利用with复合结构升级句❶
With the next class approaching, I'd like to inform you of our concrete class schedule, which is about poetry of the Tang Dynasty.
2．利用非限制性定语从句升级句❷
We are to meet on Friday morning in the park, where the air is good to breathe and the scenery is beautiful in particular.
Unit 3 A healthy life
基础巧回顾
见学生用书P152
单词巧练
写准并记牢
高考与教材
重点单词
1.ban vt. 禁止；取缔；n.[C]禁令
2.effect n．[C，U]结果；效力→effective adj.有效的
3.quit vt.停止(做某事)；离开→quit/quitted/quit/quitted(过去式/过去分词)
4.addicted adj.入了迷的；上了瘾的→addiction n．[U，C]沉溺；嗜好→addictive adj.使人上瘾的→addict vt.使上瘾 n．[C]有瘾的人
5.accustom vt.使习惯于→accustomed adj.
Ⅰ.高考与单句填空
1.(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)This trend has had some unintended side effects (effect) such as overweight and heart disease.
2.(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)The woman thinks the movie is very disappointing (disappoint)．
3.(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)If you feel stressed (stress) by
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惯常的；习惯了的
6.disappointed adj.失望的；沮丧的→disappointing adj.令人失望的→disappoint vt.使失望；使扫兴→disappointment n．[U]失望；沮丧；[C]令人失望的人/物
7.desperate adj.绝望的；拼命的→desperately ad v.拼命地；绝望地
8.ashamed adj.感到惭愧或羞耻的→shame n．羞愧；(常用复数)遗憾的事→(同义词)shameful adj.可耻的→shameless adj.无耻的；厚颜的
9.stress n．[C，U]压力；重音 vt.加压力于；使紧张→stressful adj.产生压力的；紧张的→stressed adj.焦虑不安的
10.mental adj.精神的；智力的→mentally ad v.精神上；智力上
11.strengthen vt.加强；巩固；使坚强 vi.变强→strength n．[U]力气；力量；[C]强项；长处
12.automatic adj.无意识的；自动的→automatically ad v.无意识地；自动地
13.embarrassed adj.尴尬的；陷入困境的→embarrassing adj.使人尴尬的→embarrass vt.使窘迫→embarrassment n．[U]窘迫；难堪；[C]使人为难的人/事
阅读单词
14.awkward adj. 局促不安的；笨拙的
15.abuse n．& vt.滥用；虐待
16.adolescent n．青少年 adj.青春期的
responsibilities at work, you should take a step back and identify (识别) those of greater and less importance.
4.(2014·全国卷Ⅰ)There were many people waiting at the bus stop, and some of them looked very anxious and disappointed (disappoint)．
5.(全国卷Ⅰ)They'll keep your child mentally (mental) and physically active the whole day.
6.(2014·全国卷)I read those two lines over and over. I was ashamed of myself.
Ⅱ.教材与单句改错(每题最多2处错误)
1.He found it difficult to accustom himself to get up early.get→getting
2.Do you think smoking should banned？should后加be
3.If you feel desperately, you might like to talk to a doctor.desperately→desperate
4.Then she offered me a cigarette and I felt so embarrassing and awkward.embarrassing→embarrassed
5.You will be able to quit smoke eventually if you are determined enough.smoke→smoking
短语巧练
写准并记牢
高考与教材
1.(be) addicted to 对……有瘾
2.(be) accustomed to 习惯于……
3.decide on 对……作出决定
Ⅰ.高考与单句填空
1.(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)In spite of the celebrations, though, in the US the jazz
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4.due to 由于……
5.feel like (doing) 想要(做)……
6.in spite of 不顾；不管
7.take risks/a risk 冒险
8.get into 陷入；染上(坏习惯)
9.at risk 处境危险；遭受危险
10.throw away 扔掉
audience continues to shrink and grow older.
2.(2014·全国卷Ⅰ)Would you feel like coming (come) along with us to the film tonight？
3.(全国卷)I've got into the habit of calling in on my grandparents on my way home from school.
Ⅱ.教材与单句改错(每题最多2处错误)
1.He felt he had to make up his mind on every step instead of taking risk.risk→risks或risk前加a
2.During adolescence I also smoked and became addicting to cigarettes.addicting→addicted
3.After a while your body becomes accustomed to have nicotine in it.have→having
4.Prepare yourself. Decide a day to quit.Decide后加on
句式仿写
原句背诵
我会仿写
1.as引导非限制性定语从句， 指代后面整句话的内容，意为“正如……”
As you know, if you do the same thing over and over again, you will begin to do it automatically.
你知道，如果你反反复复地做同一件事，你就会自动地做它。
1.(2015·全国卷Ⅱ)我们知道，除了美味的饺子之外，养老院的老人也需要温暖和关心。
As we know, besides tasty dumplings, what elderly people in the nursing home also need is warmth and care.
2.do/does/did强调谓语动词，as ... as引导比较状语从句
I do hope so because I want you to live as long and healthy a life as I have.
我的确希望如此，因为我想让你和我一样活得健康长寿。
2.如果你有工作，你一定要专心工作最终才能成功。
If you have a job, do devote yourself to it and finally you will succeed.
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3.It is/was time to do sth. “该做某事了”
I knew it was time to quit smoking.
我知道该戒烟了。
3.关上电脑。到你上床睡觉的时候了。
Switch off the computer. It's time for you to go to bed.
重点全突破
Part 1 重点单词
1.stress n．[C，U]逼迫；压力；重音；重点∥vt.(stressed, stressed, stressing) 加压力于；重读
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①(2016·上海卷)People are beginning to get stressed(stress)．
②More stress should be placed (place)on environmental protection.
③Believe it or not, it is a stressed time for all of us.stressed→stressful
(2)单句写作
就是他强调了仁爱、责任和社会秩序的重要性。
④It was he that stressed the importance of kindness, duty and order in society.
后记牢
(1)under stress 在压力之下
under the stress of ... 在……压力下
lay/place/put stress on sth. 强调某事物
(2)stress the importance of ... 强调……的重要性
◆佳句(有道词典)Nobody's perfect, especially under stress.人无完人，尤其是在压力之下。
2.addicted adj. 入了迷的；上了瘾的
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①(广东卷)The smarter a child is, the less likely he gets addicted (addict) to Tv.
②(安徽卷)We are addicted to buy new things.buy→buying
(2)一句多译
很多孩子沉迷于上网，因此他们对学习失去了兴趣。
③Many kids become/are/get addicted to surfing the Internet, so they have lost interest in study. (addicted adj.)
④Many kids addict themselves to surfing the Internet, so they have lost interest in study. (addict vt.)
⑤Addicted to surfing/Addicting themselves to surfing the Internet, many kids have lost interest in study.
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后记牢
(1)be/become/get addicted to (doing) sth.
沉溺于(做)某事
addict oneself to (doing) sth. 沉溺于(做)某事
(2)a work addict 工作狂
(3)addiction to (doing) sth. (做)某事的瘾/恶习
◆佳句(有道词典)Smoking is a harmful habit and makes one addicted once they start doing it.
过去分词作宾补
吸烟是一个坏习惯并且一旦你开始吸就会上瘾。
3.accustomed adj. 经常的；惯常的；习惯了的
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①He is accustomed to getting (get) up early, which is beneficial to his health.
②It took a while for me to accustom me to the life here.第二个me→myself
(2)一句多译
我习惯于每天早晨跑步，这样我就会觉得很精神。
③I am accustomed to running every morning, and I feel refreshed.
④I accustom myself to running every morning, and I feel refreshed.
⑤Accustomed to running/Accustoming myself to running every morning, I feel refreshed.
后记牢
(1)be accustomed to (doing) sth.
习惯于(做)某事(表示状态)
get/become accustomed to (doing) sth.
习惯于(做)某事(表示动作)
(2)accustom sb./oneself to (doing) sth.
使某人/自己习惯于(做)某事
◆佳句(牛津词典)She was a person accustomed 她是那种习惯晚上八小时睡眠的人。
4.effect n．[C，U]结果；效力；作用；影响
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①One of the most effective (effect) ways to reduce stress is to talk about feelings with someone you trust.
②Some laws from the eighteenth century are still in effect.
③These measures are just beginning to take effects. effects→effect
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(2)单句写作
(2015·全国卷Ⅰ) 你的房子可能会影响你的身材。
④Your house may have an effect on/upon your figure.
后记牢
have an effect on/upon ... 对……产生影响
come into effect /take effect 生效
bring /put ... into effect 使……生效
be of no effect 无效果的
in effect 有效；实际上
◆佳句It turns out that the plan is of no effect.
结果是这个计划没用。
5.ashamed adj.感到惭愧或羞耻的
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①I was ashamed to admit (admit) my weakness.
②He felt ashamed of cheating in the exam, determined never to do such things again.
③What shame! She should fail this test.shame前加a
(2)句型转换
It's a shame that you live at such a distance; otherwise we could see each other often.
→④What a shame that you live at such a distance; otherwise we could see each other often.
后记牢
(1)be/feel ashamed of ... 因……感到惭愧
be ashamed to do sth. 耻于做某事
be ashamed that... 对……感到内疚
(2)It's a shame that .../What a shame that ...
……真让人遗憾
What a shame/pity! 真可惜！
◆佳句(有道词典)I feel quite ashamed that I have not fulfilled the task.我没有完成任务，感到很惭愧。
I'm ashamed to hear that you are addicted to smoking, which I think has a bad effect on your health. Though it may be a way of you to relieve stress, I hope you can quit smoking and become accustomed to regular exercise so as to strengthen your body.
Part 2 短语与句型
1．take risks/a risk 冒险
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先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)They were more likely to break the speed limit and be at the risk of getting fined.
②You risked your life to saving the drowning children. saving→save
(2)一句多译
我对演讲作了充分的准备，因为我不想冒险失去这一次好机会。
③I got wellprepared for the speech, for I couldn't risk losing the good opportunity. (risk v.)
④I got wellprepared for the speech, for I couldn't take risks/a risk to lose the good opportunity. (risk n．)
⑤I got wellprepared for the speech, for I couldn't take/run the risk of losing the good opportunity. (risk n．)
后记牢
(1)at risk 有危险
at the risk of ... 冒着……的风险
take/run the risk of doing sth. 冒险做某事
(2)risk doing sth. 冒险做某事
risk one's life to do sth.冒着生命危险做某事
◆佳句Young people may risk going deaf if they are exposed to very loud music every day.
如果年轻人每天听非常嘈杂的音乐，他们也许会耳聋。
2.get into 陷入；染上(坏习惯)
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①The children get into the bad habit of switching on the television instantly they return from school.
②If you continue spending money like this, you will get in debt. in→into
(2)单句写作
③如果你遇到麻烦，我们都会乐于帮助你。
If you get into trouble, we are all willing to help you out.
后记牢
get into the habit of ... 养成……的习惯
get (sb.) into trouble (使某人)陷入困境
get into debt 欠债
get into a panic 陷入恐慌
◆佳句I got into a panic at the frightening news that my family had got into debt.听到我的家人欠债的可怕的消息我慌了。
3.due to 由于……；因为……
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先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①I think my long and active life must be due to the healthy life I live.
②She is due to completing her study this year. completing→complete
(2)句型转换
His absence was because of the heavy traffic on the road.
→③His absence was due to the heavy traffic on the road.
后记牢
be due 预定/计(做)某事
(be) due to sb. 应支付/给予/归于某人
◆佳句The wages due to him will be paid tomorrow.
定语
他应得的工资明天将会付给他。
4.I do hope so because I want you to live as long and healthy a life as I have.我的确希望如此，因为我想让你和我一样活得健康长寿。
句型公式 同级比较结构：as＋adj.＋a(n)＋n.＋as ...，意为“和……一样……”
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①Tom hopes to live as simple a life as his grandpa.
②It was too difficult a book for her to read (read)．
③I haven't seen very lovely a girl as Maggie.very→so/as
(2)单句写作
事实上，改掉一个坏习惯付出的努力与养成一个好习惯是一样的。
④As a matter of fact, getting rid of a bad habit is as much an effort as forming a good one.
后记牢
相似句式：
so＋adj.＋a(n)＋n.＋ as ... 和……一样……
so/too＋adj.＋a(n)＋n. ... 如此/太……
too＋adj.＋a(n)＋n.＋ to do ... 太……而不能
How/However＋adj.＋a(n)＋n.! 多么/无论多么……
◆佳句①I have never met so young a person with so wise a head.我从来没见过这么年轻又这么聪明的人。
②However serious a problem you may have, you should gather your courage to face the challenge.无论你有多么严重的问题，你都应该鼓足勇气面对挑战。
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Due to the heavy academic stress, many teenagers take risks and become addicted to smoking. However, I have got into the habit of taking regular exercise, because I do hope I can live as happy and healthy a life as my grandfather has. It's time that they should get rid of bad habits like smoking and drinking alcohol to keep healthy.
集训新思路
四 维 夯 基
本部分练习中加黑体词语是选修6 Unit 2的词汇复现，如有遗忘，请及时回顾。
Ⅰ.在空白处填入1个适当的单词或所给单词的正确形式——热考用法
1．If you become (mental) addicted to computer games, it'll be very difficult for you to give them up.
答案与解析 mentally 设空在句中作状语修饰形容词addicted，应用副词，故填mentally。
2．I'm very tired after the exchange programme. I feel like (go) to bed now.
答案与解析 going feel like doing sth.“想要做某事”。
3．These days the doors of loads of banks lock (automatic)．
答案与解析 automatically 设空在句中作状语，修饰谓语动词lock，应用副词，故填automatically。
4．It is not appropriate for us to put this young wolf back to the wild, because it hasn't learned (survive) skills.
答案与解析 survival 设空在句中作定语修饰名词skills，表“生存技能”，应用survival skills。
5．Don't be (disappoint). Keep studying hard, and you will succeed in time.
答案与解析 disappointed 设空在句中作表语，表“失望的；沮丧的”，应填disappointed。
6．The top official was eventually arrested for (abuse) his power.
答案与解析 abusing 设空前是介词for，故设空处应填动名词作宾语。
7．Those children were so (fit) that they were unable to do even basic exercise.
答案与解析 unfit 设空在句中作表语，根据语境“不能做基本的运动”可知，这些孩子不健康，故填fit的反义词unfit。
8．It is (legal) to drive a car that is not taxed and insured. So please never do it.
答案与解析 illegal 根据语境可知，开不交税不交保险的车是违法的，故用legal的反义词illegal。
9．However busy he is, the pianist makes a rule to read at least 20 minutes a day.
答案与解析 it make it a rule to do sth.“习惯做某事”，it是形式宾语。
10．To our surprise, the little boy win the championship last month.
答案与解析 did 句中时间状语是last month，故填助动词did，表强调。
Ⅱ.用括号内动词的正确形式填空——不规则变化
1．She (ban) from athletics since she failed a drug test.
答案与解析 has been banned since引导时间状语从句，主句谓语用现在完成时。
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ban(禁止；取缔)—banned—banned—banning。
2．The girl (quit) school because she hated being teased there.
答案与解析 quit/quitted 从句谓语动词是一般过去时，故主句谓语动词用一般过去时。quit(停止)—quit/quitted—quit/quitted—quitting。
3．Last week, Robert (take) off the school basketball team because he broke the rules.
答案与解析 was taken 句中时间状语是Last week，故谓语用一般过去时；主语Robert与take off是被动关系，故用一般过去时的被动语态，填was taken。take sb. off ...“从……开除某人”。take(拿走；取走；带走)—took—taken—taking。
4．It is a beautiful day and I (sit) under a big tree now.
答案与解析 am sitting 句中时间状语是now，故谓语用现在进行时，填am sitting。sit(坐)—sat—sat—sitting。
5．I (send) you some advice I found on the Internet before he came in.
答案与解析 had sent 主句谓语动词send先于从句谓语动词came之前发生，表过去的过去，应用过去完成时，故填had sent。send(送；派遣)—sent—sent—sending。
Ⅲ.改正下列句子中的唯一错误——易错混用
1．Don't be tough with him—he was only trying to help.
答案与解析 with→on be tough on sb.“对某人严厉”。
2．I'm ashamed to admitting that I've never read any poems.
答案与解析 admitting→admit be ashamed to do sth.“羞愧地做某事”。
3．My most embarrassed moment was trying to introduce a lady whose name escaped me.
答案与解析 embarrassed→embarrassing 在句中作定语修饰名词moment，应用形容词embarrassing，表“令人尴尬的”。embarrassed表“感到尴尬的”。
4．His conduct, judged by what he has done, was dishonest.
答案与解析 judged→judging judging by ...“通过……判断”，在句中作状语。
5．He had become accustomed to live without electricity, and missed it very little.
答案与解析 live→living be accustomed to doing sth.“习惯于做某事”，to是介词。
6．The disease is spreading, and all the children under five are at risky.
答案与解析 risky→risk at risk“在危险中”。
7．I was breathlessly after running up the stairs.
答案与解析 breathlessly→breathless 在句中作表语，应用形容词，故breathlessly改为breathless。
8．There is over 200 miles from London to Manchester.
答案与解析 There→It 表示“距离”，应用代词it。there be表“有”。
9．As a determined girl, she won't give out easily whatever difficulty she may have.
答案与解析 out→up give up“放弃”。
10．The sponsors have decided a date for the opening ceremony.
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答案与解析 decided后加on decide on ...“对……做出决定”。
Ⅳ.根据语境选出画线部分的正确含义——熟词生义
A. increase B. shake C. longs for
1．The manager is desperate for a relaxing holiday after a year's work. C
2．His parents' disapproval didn't weaken his determination to go abroad. B
小题补练
语法填空
I first started drinking coffee 5 years ago. I started drinking coffee because of 1. (it) taste. I also found that coffee was great for socializing. Coffee time is the best time for me to sit with my dad and have 2. chat. We can always bond with a cup of coffee.
However, once I started drinking coffee regularly, I 3. (begin) to notice that if I tried to go a day 4. drinking it I would get bad headaches. Also, I would get very sleepy and ill－tempered. The longer I drink coffee, the 5. (much) I notice how expensive it really is. I spend about $5 on coffee per day, 6. means I spend about $1,800 on coffee in a year! If I have more than one cup of coffee a day, I will have a harder time sleeping through the night.
7． (honest) speaking, I do not want to completely quit 8. (drink) coffee because I have become so 9. (accustom) to it. However, I would like to cut down on how much coffee I drink, so I determined to switch one of my cups of coffee in a day to decaf (无咖啡因咖啡)．
I think it important for everyone to be aware of all the positive and negative 10. (effect) of coffee before they begin to drink it.
答案与解析
1．its 考查代词。设空修饰名词taste，应用形容词性物主代词its。
2．a 考查冠词。have a chat“聊天”。
3．began 考查时态。由once从句可知设空处表示的动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时，故填began。begin(开始)—began—begun—beginning。
4．without 考查介词。设空处作状语，表示“没有”，应用介词without。
5．more 考查比较级句式。“the＋比较级；the＋比较级”意为“越……；越……”。
6．which 考查定语从句。非限制性定语从句关系词指代主句的整个内容，且在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which。which此处意为“这一点”。
7．Honestly 考查词性转换。honestly speaking“诚实地说”。
8．drinking 考查非谓语动词。quit doing sth.“停止做某事”。
9．accustomed 考查词性转换。设空在句中作表语，表“习惯的”，应用accustomed。
10．effects 考查名词的数。根据设空前的all the可知可数名词effect应用复数形式。
写 作 提 能
用本单元词汇、句式和语法知识写满分作文
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假设你是李华，由于各种原因，你校的许多同学养成了熬夜的习惯，熬夜会对健康造成很大的危害。请你以“The Harmful Effects of Staying Up Late”为题，写一篇英语短文，给你校英文内刊投稿，以使熬夜的同学认识到熬夜的危害并改掉这一不良习惯。
(一)根据提示利用本单元所学知识补全短文(无提示处请填写适当的过渡词汇：to begin with、in addition、therefore)
The Harmful Effects of Staying Up Late
❶For various reasons, ①many students have got into the habit of staying up late (许多学生已经养成熬夜的习惯). Actually, staying up late is a bad habit, which will ②have bad effects on our health (对我们的健康有很坏的影响)．
③To begin with, it will not only lead to a lack of energy and being tired easily but it may cause us to suffer from headaches and be unable to concentrate on our lessons. ④In addition, long－term staying up late will ⑤weaken our memory (减弱记忆力), and do harm to eyesight as well as liver. Also, ❷those who ⑥are accustomed to staying up late (习惯于熬夜) are more likely to get other diseases.
⑦Therefore, ⑧it is high time that we should adopt/adopted a healthy lifestyle (是我们利用健康的生活方式的时候了) and got out of the bad habit of staying up late.
(二)按要求升级词汇和句式
1．用本单元所学词汇升级加波浪线词汇
got out of→gave up/quit/quitted
2．按要求升级句式
(1)利用定语从句升级句❶
There are various reasons why many students have got into the habit of staying up late.
(2)利用分词作定语升级句❷
those accustomed to staying up late are more likely to get other diseases
Unit 4 Global warming
基础巧回顾
见学生用书P158
单词巧练
写准并记牢
高考与教材
重点单词
1.average adj.平均的
2.advocate vt.拥护；提倡；主张 n．[C]提倡者；拥护者
3.range n．[C，U]种类；范围；山脉
4.consequence n．
Ⅰ.高考与单句填空
1.(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)Many farmers opposed (oppose) the plan because they feared that wolves would kill their farm animals or pets.
2.(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)Our friendship
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[C]结果；后果；影响；[U]重大；重要→consequent adj.随之发生的；作为结果的→consequently ad v.因此；所以
5.oppose vt.反对；反抗；与(某人)较量→opposed adj.反对的；对立的
6.steady adj. 平稳的；持续的→steadily ad v. 平稳地；持续地
7.pollution n．[U]污染；弄脏→pollute vt.污染
8.tendency n．[C]倾向；趋势→tend vi.趋向；易于；照顾vt.照顾；护理
9.existence n．[U]生存；存在→exist vi.存在→existing adj.现存的
10.consume vt.消费；消耗；耗尽；吃完→consumer n．[C]顾客→consumption n．[U]消费(量)；消耗(量)
11.phenomenon n．[C]现象→phenomena pl.现象
12.growth n．[U]生长；增长→grow vi.生长；增长→grew/grown(过去式/过去分词)
阅读单词
13.catastrophe n. 大灾难；浩劫
14.circumstance n. 环境；情况
15.random adj.胡乱的；任意的
grew (grow) out of the experience of making that film.
3.(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)On average, engineering majors expect to start at about $62,000 a year.
4.(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)Her popular 1962 book Silent Spring raised awareness of the dangers of pollution(pollute)．
5.(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)Who made a great contribution (contribute) to the civilrights movement in the US？
6.(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)Instead, he hopes that our business will grow steadily (steady)．
Ⅱ.教材与单句改错(每题最多2处错误)
1.They predict that any warming will be mild with few bad environmental consequence.consequence→consequences
2.The grow of the green house gas in the air actually comes as a result of many things we do every day.grow→growth
3.However, I still think people should advocated improvements in the way we use energy today.advocated→advocate
4.Make a list of things that consumes energy in your home.consumes→consume
5.There are those, like George Hambley, who are opposed this view.opposed后加to
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短语巧练
写准并记牢
高考与教材
1.come about 发生；造成
2.subscribe to 同意；赞成；订购
3.quantities of 大量的
4.go up 上升；增长；升起
5.result in 导致
6.be opposed to 反对……；与……对立
7.even if 即使
8.keep on 继续
9.on the whole 大体上；基本上
10.on behalf of 代表……一方；作为……的代言人
11.put up with 忍受；容忍
12.so/as long as 只要
13.and so on 等等
Ⅰ.高考与单句填空
1.(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)On behalf of my school, I'm writing to invite you to visit the paper－cutting exhibition to be held in our city.
2.(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)Team members are often offered quantities of opportunities to watch table tennis competitions.
3.(2015·全国卷Ⅰ)As long as you are available and are interested, please let me know.
Ⅱ.教材与单句改错(每题最多2处错误)
1.On a whole, the warming of the earth is a tendency that causes great concern.第一个a→the
2.He kept on talk after the bell rang for class.talk→talking
3.If you are not using the lights, the TV, the computer, or so on, turn them off.or→and
句式仿写
原句背诵
我会仿写
1.It is/was ... that ...强调句式结构
It is human activity that has caused this global warming.
是人类活动造成了全球变暖。
2.so/as long as “只要”，引导条件状语从句
It is OK to leave an electrical appliance on so long as you are using it—if not, turn it off！
只要你在使用电器设备，你便可以让它开着。如果不用就把它关掉！
1.不是做我们喜欢的事情而是喜欢我们不得不做的事情才能让生活幸福。
It's not doing the things we like, but liking the things we have to do that makes life happy.
2.(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)只要有密码，人们就会努力破解。
As/So long as there have been codes, people have tried to break them.
重点全突破
Part 1 重点单词
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1.quantity n．[C，U](pl. quantities) 量；数量；数目
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①(牛津词典)It's cheaper to buy goods in quantity.
②A large quantity of books has been contributed (contribute) to the children in the countryside since then.
③As a result of destroying the forests, large quantities of desert has covered the land so far. has→have
(2)单句写作
就我个人而言，重要的是质量而不是数量。
④Personally, it is quality rather than quantity that really counts.
后记牢
(1)a (large) quantity of＋不可数名词/复数名词“大量的”(后加名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数)
(2)quantities of＋不可数名词/复数名词“许多的”(后加名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数)
(3)in quantity 大量地
◆佳句There's an urgent demand for so large a quantity of goods.急需大量的货物。
2.oppose vt.(opposed, opposed, opposing) 反对；反抗；与(某人)较量
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①She was strongly opposed (oppose) to the idea of going abroad.
②She would oppose you go swimming alone.go→going
(2)一句多译
学生们强烈反对受到别人的不公正对待。
③The students strongly oppose being treated unfairly by others.(oppose vt.)
④The students are strongly opposed to being treated unfairly by others.(opposed)
⑤The students strongly object to being treated unfairly by others.(object)
后记牢
oppose (doing) sth. 反对(做)某事
oppose one's doing sth. 反对某人做某事
be opposed to (one's) doing sth. 反对(某人)做某事
object to (one's) doing sth. 反对(某人)做某事
◆提示 oppose后跟表示动作的词作宾语时，后面用动名词形式；be opposed to结构中，to是介词，其后也用动词的－ing形式。
3.range n．[C，U] (常用单数)种类；范围；幅度；界限∥v. (ranged, ranged, ranging) (在一定范围内)变动；变化；排列
先试做
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(1)单句填空/单句改错
①(2017·北京卷)The national park has a large collection of wildlife, ranging (range) from butterflies to elephants.
②The price of the car ranges from 20,000 dollars to 30,000 dollars, which is out of his range.
③In addition to these traditional activities, we have wide range of choices such as travelling and visiting friends.wide前加a
(2)句式升级(按要求升级句式)
He has a number of interests. They range from playing chess to swimming.
→④He has a number of interests, which range from playing chess to swimming.
(非限制性定语从句)
→⑤He has a number of interests, ranging from playing chess to swimming.
(分词作定语)
后记牢
(1)a (wide) range of ... 一系列……
in/within range 在范围内
beyond/out of range 在范围外
beyond/out of one's range 某人能力达不到的
(2)range from ... to ... 在……范围内变动
range between ... and ...在……和……范围内变动
good order deserved to be praised.那个将商品排列得很整齐的售货员值得表扬。
4.average adj.平均的；普通的；平常的∥n.[C，U]平均数；一般水准∥v. (averaged, averaged, averaging) 平均为；计算出……的平均数
先试做
单句填空/单句改错
①(2016·上海卷)The common cold is a good example: women, on average, get fewer colds than men.
②(2015·重庆卷)Last year was the warmest year on record, with global temperature 0.68 ℃ above the average.
③I spend the average of about $200 a year on books. the→an
④An average of 3, 8 and 10 is 7.An→The
后记牢
(1)an average of 平均有(后跟数词)
the average of ……的平均数
(2)on (the) average 平均起来
above/below (the) average 在平均水平以上/以下
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up to (the) average 达到平均水平
◆佳句(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)Freddy was an average student, but not an average person.弗瑞迪是个普通学生，但不是一个普通的人。
5.advocate vt.(advocated, advocated, advocating) 拥护；提倡；主张∥n.[C](pl. advocates) 提倡者；拥护者
先试做
单句填空/单句改错
①Many experts advocate rewarding (reward) your child for good behaviour.
②Others advocated that we would encourage more and more people to wear traditional clothes.would→should或去掉would
后记牢
advocate sth./doing sth. 主张(做)某事
advocate that ...(should) do sth. 主张/提倡……做某事
◆佳句As far as I'm concerned, he was an advocate of truth.据我所知，他是一个真理的提倡者。
6.consequence n．结果；后果；影响
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①As a consequence of human activities like cutting down bamboos, the pandas are lacking food source.
②Consequently (consequent), she became interested in traditional Chinese culture.
③To be honest, your opinion is little consequence to me.little前加of
(2)一句多译
昨天的比赛因下雨而被取消。
④It rained yesterday, and as a consequence/in consequence, the match was cancelled.
⑤It rained yesterday, and consequently, the match was cancelled.
⑥The match was cancelled as a consequence of/in consequence of the rain yesterday.
后记牢
as a consequence/result＝in consequence 因此；结果
as a consequence/result of＝in consequence of 因为；由于
of (no/little) consequence 不重要的，无足轻重的
◆佳句 She was over the age limit and, in consequence, her application was rejected.
她超龄了结果她的申请被拒绝了。
As a consequence of humans' activities, a large quantity of waste is produced every day on average. Thus, a range of environmental pollution problems have come about. As long as every one of us opposes any form of destruction of the environment and advocates protecting the environment, the process of global warming will be bound to slow down.
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Part 2 短语与句型
1．come about 发生；造成(不用于被动语态和进行时态)
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①The flood came about as a consequence of the heavy rain.
②I will never understand how it came about that you made such a careless mistake.
③Several of his novels have been come out since he graduated.去掉been
(2)单句写作
他讲了很久，但是还没有把意思讲明白。
④He spoke for a long time, but his meaning did not come across.
后记牢
How does it come about that ...? ……是怎样发生的？
when it comes to (doing) sth.当谈到(做)某事
come across 偶遇；被理解
come out 出来；出版；结果是
◆佳句Both groups scored similarly when it memorizing facts.
在记忆事实方面两组得分差不多。
2.put up with容忍；忍受
先试做
(1)选用右栏短语填空
①Commercial advertisement is one of the things we have to put up with when watching Tv.
② Would you slow down a bit, please? I can't keep up with you.
③ In order to catch up with the advanced countries, we must keep learning.
④Although against my opinion, the manager didn't come up with his own.
(2)一句多译
有人提出建议，我们应该循环利用教科书。
⑤A suggestion has come up/has been put forward that we should recycle the textbooks.
⑥Someone has come up with/put up a suggestion that we should recycle the textbooks.
后记牢
(1)come up with 想出；提出
catch up with 赶上
keep up with 跟上
(2)put off 推迟；使对……失去兴趣
put up 建造；张贴；供给……住宿；住宿；提出(意见等)
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put forward 提出建议；把……提前
put away 收起来；放好
◆佳句He decided that he would drive all the way home instead of putting up at a hotel for the night.他决定开车回家而不是在旅馆过夜。
3.It is OK to leave an electrical appliance on so long as you are using it—if not, turn it off！只要你在使用电器设备，你便可以让它开着。如果不用就把它关掉！
句型公式 主句＋so/as long as引导的条件状语从句，“只要……”
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①This proves that so/as long as we have a strong will, we'll be able to overcome any difficulty.
②As well as writing (write) stories, I love reading and listening to music.
③It took three times so long as I had expected.so→as
(2)单句写作
(2015·全国卷Ⅰ满分作文)只要内容有趣而且信息量大，你可以写任何相关的内容。
④You can write anything relevant so long as it's interesting and informative.
后记牢
(1)as/so long as “只要”(引导条件状语从句)，如果主句用将来时，从句用一般现在时。
(2)as long as 与……一样长；长达
as well as 和……一样好；也；又
as far as 远至；就……来说
as soon as 一……就……
◆佳句As far as I am concerned, I am strongly against the plan.就我而言，我强烈反对这个计划。
There is no doubt that the earth is becoming warmer and it is human activity that has resulted in the phenomenon. As a consequence of it, many extreme weather conditions, which are hard to put up with, have come about in recent years. Therefore, it's time for us to contribute to solving the problem. As long as we spare no effort to do a little bit every day, we'll make a real difference.
集训新思路
四 维 夯 基
本部分练习中加黑体词语是选修6 Unit 3的词汇复现，如有遗忘，请及时回顾。
Ⅰ.在空白处填入1个适当的单词或所给单词的正确形式——热考用法
1．I have a tendency (talk) too much when I'm nervous.
答案与解析 to talk have a tendency to do sth.“易于做某事”。
2．The woman living next door is a well－known (educate)．
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答案与解析 educator 设空前是冠词，故设空处应填名词，表“教育家”，应用educator。
3．I couldn't put up the stress of the work, so I quit it.
答案与解析 with put up with“忍受；容忍”。
4．Though the doctor told Mr. King to give up smoking, he kept on (do) it.
答案与解析 doing keep on doing sth.“继续做某事”。
5．There were 40 students competing in the speech contest, whose ages (range) from 15 to 20.
答案与解析 ranged 设空在句中作谓语，根据主句谓语动词时态可判断，从句谓语用一般过去时，故填ranged。
6． no circumstances should you be addicted to drinking.
答案与解析 Under under no circumstances“决不”，置于句首时，主谓部分倒装。
7．There are some (disagree) among us, so we need to decide on a date to discuss the matter.
答案与解析 disagreements 根据句中谓语动词are和设空前的some，可知应用名词的复数形式。
8．You can subscribe the magazine for as little as $32 a year.
答案与解析 to subscribe to“订购”。
9．They (tend) the patient when the door opened automatically.
答案与解析 were tending 本句是be doing sth. when ...“正在做某事这时……”句式，故谓语用过去进行时，填were tending。
10．It seems that food prices are rising (steady), but the money Jenny earns keeps the same.
答案与解析 steadily 设空在句中作状语，修饰谓语，应用副词，故填steadily。
Ⅱ.用括号内动词的正确形式填空——不规则变化
1．The supply of food almost (run) out and we felt helpless.
答案与解析 ran 设空谓语动词与felt时态一致，应用一般过去时，故填ran。run(跑)—ran—run—running。
2．The temperature in this area (go) up 2 degrees than that at the same time last year.
答案与解析 has gone 根据语境可知温度已经上升，应用现在完成时，故填has gone。go up“上升”。go(去)—went—gone—going。
3．He didn't lose hope and (keep) on trying.
答案与解析 kept 设空所填谓语动词与句中已有谓语didn't时态一致，应用一般过去时，keep on“继续”。keep(保持)—kept—kept—keeping。
Ⅲ.改正下列句子中的唯一错误——易错混用
1．The chemist raised his hand, glanced his watch and left his office in a hurry.
答案与解析 glanced后加at glance at“看一下”。
2．There is no doubt he is desperate for knowledge.
答案与解析 doubt后加that 同位语从句，that不能省略。there is no doubt that ...“毫无疑问……”。
3．It was due to the floods when our houses were damaged.
答案与解析 when→that 强调句式结构，强调“due to the floods”。
4．No one knows when this strange tradition came into the existence.
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答案与解析 去掉the come into existence“存在；形成”。
5．There are several spelling mistakes in your composition, but on a whole, it is quite good.
答案与解析 a→the on the whole“大体上；基本上”。
6．Tom is unwilling to go to school even a wide range of activities is provided for children there.
答案与解析 even后加if/though even if/though“即使”，引导让步状语从句。
7．John accepted the championship in behalf of the team.
答案与解析 in→on on behalf of“代表”。
8．John was fired last week because of his casually attitude towards his job.
答案与解析 casually→casual 在句中作定语修饰名词attitude，应用形容词。
9．As long as you feel happy, and don't care about what others think of you.
答案与解析 去掉and as long as引导条件状语从句，不能与并列连词and连用。
10．With the house prices gone up, many people cannot afford to buy one of their own.
答案与解析 gone→going the house prices与go up是逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词作宾补。
Ⅳ.根据语境选出画线部分的正确含义——熟词生义
A. indifferent B. not often C. put in order
1．I'm ashamed to admit that I'm just a casual user of the library service. B
2．All the books are ranged on the shelf. C
小题补练
Ⅰ.短文改错
As the saying goes, chance favoured the prepared mind. I learned this from one of my experience.
I was not chosen as member of the volleyball team of our school. Because of this, I decided to give up playing volleyball. Luckily, my best friend opposed my do so and pointed out that it was my laziness and poor preparation which resulted from my failure. After that, I practised playing volleyball every day. When another tryout arrived, I was full prepared and tried my best. As a consequence of, I was selected and became an important player on our school team. From this, I am firmly convincing that we are able to seize a chance as longer as we get well prepared.
答案与解析
As the saying goes, chance the prepared mind. I learned this from one of my
I was not chosen as member of the volleyball team of our school. Because of this, I decided to give up playing volleyball. Luckily, my best friend opposed my so and pointed out that it was my laziness and poor preparation resulted my failure. After that, I practised playing volleyball every day.
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When another tryout arrived, I was prepared and tried my best. As a consequence ， I was selected and became an important player on our school team. From this, I am firmly that we are able to seize a chance as as we get well prepared.
①favoured→favours “机会眷顾有准备的人”是谚语，应用一般现在时。
②experience→experiences experience在本句中作“经历”讲，是可数名词，根据其前的one of my可知experience应用复数。
③member加a 此处泛指排球队的一员，应用不定冠词a。
④do→doing oppose one's doing sth. “反对某人做某事”。
⑤which→that 该处是it was ... that ...强调句结构，强调my laziness and poor preparation。
⑥from→in 根据句意“是我的懒惰和缺乏准备导致了我的失败”可知此处应用 result in “导致”；result from“由于”。
⑦full→fully 在句中修饰形容词prepared，应用副词作状语。be fully prepared for ...“为……做好充分准备”。
⑧去掉of as a consequence “结果；因此”，在句中单独作状语，as a consequence of后接名词、代词或动名词作宾语。
⑨convincing→convinced be convinced that ...“确信……”。
⑩longer→long as long as “只要”，引导条件状语从句。
Ⅱ.语法填空
The highest village in the world, Komik, 1. (lie) at 4,587 meters high in the Spiti Valley of India, is running out of water. It can only be reached during the summer by small roads 2. (wind) around the mountains.
During the winter, temperatures can drop to 30 degrees Celsius below zero. The village is also cut 3. from the rest of India for six months of the year when snowfall blocks mountain passes. There is almost no phone and internet connectivity. Villagers are used to 4. (live) in a remote place. 5. is these villagers who have 6. (tradition) ways of living. But these days there is 7. (little) water than before.
India is facing a water crisis. More than half of the country's water wells 8. (record) a drop in water levels in the last 10 years. Up to 80 percent of rivers, lakes, ponds and streams are polluted 9. (serious)．
What's worse, rainfall in the last century has not been stable, and the annual average temperature has risen by 0.5 degrees Celsius. It was these factors 10. affect around 200 million farmers in the region.
答案与解析
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【语篇解读】 本文介绍了世界上最高的村庄面临缺水问题的现状以及印度其他地方的水资源危机问题。
1．lies 考查时态。句子主语是The highest village, 是单数名词，故谓语用单数形式。村庄位于山谷4587米高处，是现在的客观事实，应用一般现在时，故填lies。
2．winding 考查非谓语动词。roads与wind是逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词作后置定语。
3．off 考查固定短语。根据语境“村庄与印度其他地方隔绝”，应用短语cut off，故填off。
4．living 考查非谓语动词。be used to doing sth.“习惯于做某事”， to是介词，其后接动名词作宾语。
5．It 考查强调句。此处是强调句结构，强调these villagers，故填It。
6．traditional 考查词性转换。设空后是名词ways，应用形容词作定语修饰，故填traditional，意为“传统的”。
7．less 考查比较级。设空后是than before，故设空应用比较级，填less。
8．have recorded 考查时态。句中时间状语是in the last 10 years，故谓语动词用现在完成时。本句主语是More than half of the country's water wells，谓语动词应用复数，故填have recorded。
9．seriously 考查词性转换。设空在句中作状语修饰谓语are polluted，应用副词，故填seriously。
10．that 考查强调句。该句是强调句，强调these factors。
写 作 提 能
用本单元词汇、句式和语法知识写满分作文
假设你校举办城市环保宣传活动，请你用英语写一篇演讲稿，内容包括：
①垃圾现状；②提出倡议。
(一)根据提示利用本单元所学知识补全短文(无提示处请填写适当的过渡词汇：on the whole、in my view)
I'm honoured to make a speech here ①on behalf of my class (代表我的班级)．
Almost every day lots of rubbish such as plastic bags, litter, fruit peels can be seen floating on the river behind our school. ❶There is no doubt that the rubbish ②results in (导致) the dirty water in the river. As we can see, ③many people keep on throwing rubbish even if we stress the importance of protecting the environment (很多人继续扔垃圾，即使我们强调保护环境的重要性) . We wonder how this sort of bad behaviour happens. ④On the whole, ⑤we are strongly opposed to and can't put up with such behaviour (我们强烈反对而且不能容忍这种行为)．
⑥In my view, ⑦as long as we can make a contribution to (只要我们能做出贡献) protecting the earth, we can create a beautiful environment.
(二)按要求升级词汇和句式
1．用本单元所学词汇升级加波浪线词汇
(1)lots of→quantities of/a quantity of
(2)happens→comes about
2．按要求升级句式
用强调句式升级句❶
There is no doubt that it is the rubbish that results in the dirty water in the river.
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Unit 5 The power of nature
基础巧回顾
见学生用书P163
单词巧练
写准并记牢
高考与教材
重点单词
1.guarantee vt. 保证；担保
2.panic vi.& vt.惊慌 n．[C]惊慌；恐慌→panicked/panicked/panicking(过去式/过去分词/现在分词)
3.wave n．[C] 波浪；波涛 vi. 波动；起伏；挥手
4.potential n．[C] 潜在性；可能性；潜能 adj. 可能的；潜在的
5.shoot vt. 射中；射伤→(熟词生义)拍摄→shot/shot/shooting(过去式/过去分词/现在分词)
6.anxious adj.忧虑的；不安的→anxiously ad v.不安地→anxiety n．[U]担心；焦虑；渴望
7.appoint vt.任命；委派→appointment n．[C，U]约定；任命
8.evaluate vt.评估；评价；估计→evaluation n．[C]评估
9.absolute adj.绝对的；完全的→absolutely ad v.绝对地；完全地
10.suit n．[C]一套外衣；套装 vt.适合；使适宜→suitable adj.合适的→(反义词)unsuitable adj.不合适的
11.actual adj.实在的；实际的→actually ad v.实际地
12.bathe vi.洗澡→bath n．[C]洗澡
13.uncomfortable adj.不舒服的；不舒适的→(反义词)comfortable adj.舒服的；舒适的→comfortably ad v.舒适地→comfort vt.安慰
14.unconscious adj.失去知觉的；未察觉的→(反义词)conscious adj.
Ⅰ.高考与单句填空
1.(2017·全国卷Ⅰ) I am looking forward to your reply with anxiety (anxious).
2.(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)Instead, we had a pop－up camper with comfortable (comfort) beds and an air conditioner.
3.(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)I'd really love to, but I have an appointment (appoint) with my dentist.
4.(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)The message “Bridge out” would actually (actual) mean “Meet me”．
5.(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)In fact, the pictures were shot (shoot) from 1914 through 1916.
6.(全国卷) The sun began to rise in the sky, bathing (bathe) the mountain in golden light.
Ⅱ.教材与单句改错(每题最多2处错误)
1.I was so anxiously and couldn't move at first.anxiously→anxious
2.The teacher was appointing because he was the best candidate.appointing→appointed
3.Others come to walk in the mountains to bathe the hot water
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有知觉的；有意识的→consciously ad v.有意识地→consciousness n．[U]知觉；意识
阅读单词
15.volcano n．火山 16.hurricane n．飓风；风暴
17.tremble vi.颤抖；发抖
pools.bathe后加in
4.The scientists were evaluating about how successful the experiment is.去掉about
5.It was an absolute fantastic sight.absolute→absolutely
短语巧练
写准并记牢
高考与教材
1.vary from ... to ... 由……到……不等
2.make one's way 前往
3.glance through 匆匆看一遍
4.have a gift for 有……的天赋
5.be home to 是……的栖息地
6.be compared with 与……相比
7.give birth to 生产；产生
8.be about to 即将
9.burn to the ground 全部焚毁
10.out of the way 不挡道；不碍事
11.in the distance 在远处
12.compared to/with 和……比起来
Ⅰ.高考与单句填空
1.(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)I was wondering if you could glance through my application and polish it.
2.(全国卷Ⅰ)Film has a much shorter history, especially when compared (compare) to such art forms as music and painting.
Ⅱ.教材与单句改错(每题最多2处错误)
1.It is home of a great diversity of rare plants and animals. 第一个of→to
2.We slowly made our ways to the edge of the crater and looked down into the red, boiling centre.ways→way
3.Having swallowed the fruit, the girl became pregnant and later gave birth for a handsome boy. for→to
4.Unfortunately, we cannot move their houses out the way.out后加of
句式仿写
原句背诵
我会仿写
1.现在分词的完成式(having done)作状语
Having collected and evaluated the information, I help other scientists to predict where lava from the volcano will
1.工作了两天，史蒂夫设法如期完成了他的报告。
Having worked for two days, Steve managed to finish his report on schedule.
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flow next and how fast.
收集和评估了这些信息之后，我就帮助其他科学家一起预测熔岩接着将往何处流，流速是多少。
2.独立主格结构，在句中作原因状语
This being my first experience, I stayed at the top and watched them.
我是第一次经历这样的事，所以留在山顶上观察他们。
3.It is said that ...“据说……”，主语从句
It is said that this boy is the father of the Manchu people.
据说这个男孩就是满族人的祖先。
2.向导领路，我们毫不费力地穿过了树林。
The guide leading the way, we had no trouble going through the forest.
3.据说这个广告已经引起了很多人的关注。
It is said that the advertisement has attracted many people's attention.
重点全突破
Part 1 重点单词
1.appoint vt. (appointed, appointed, appointing) 约定；指定(时间、地点等)；任命；委任
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①My patient didn't turn up at the appointed time, that is, she broke an appointment. (appoint)
②I have an appointment with Dr. Smith, but I need to change.
③A nurse was appointed to attend (attend) her during her illness.
④Sam has appointed manager of the engineering department to take the place of George.has后加been
(2)单句写作
令我兴奋的是，我被指定负责安排那一天的所有活动。
⑤To my excitement, I was appointed to take charge of arranging all the activities on that day.
后记牢
(1)appoint sb.(as/to be) ... 任命某人为……
appoint sb. to do sth. 委派某人做某事
(2)make an appointment with sb. 与某人约会/预约
have an appointment with sb. 与某人有约会/预约
keep/break an appointment 守/违约
◆佳句After being appointed as headmaster of the school, he spared no effort to improve its teaching quality.被任命为该校校长后，他努力提高学校教学质量。
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2.suit n．[C]一套外衣；套装(pl. suits)∥vt. (suited, suited, suiting) 适合；使适宜
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①(牛津词典)If you want to go by bus, that suits (suit) me fine.
②Because of my fluent spoken English, I think I'm suitable (suit) for the work.
③A good teacher suits his lesson for the age of his students.for→to
(2)一句多译
你最好选择那些适合你的活动。
④You'd better choose the activities which suit you. (suit)
⑤You'd better choose the activities which are suitable for you. (suitable)
(3)[填空]
⑥match多指色调、形状、性质等方面的搭配。
⑦suit多指合乎需要、口味、性格、条件、地位、时间、颜色、款式等。
⑧fit多指大小、形状的合适。
后记牢
(1)suit sb. (fine/perfectly) (非常)适合某人
suit ... to ... 使……适合……
suit one's needs 适合某人的需要
(2)be suitable for sb./sth. 适合于某人/某物
be suitable to do sth. 适合做某事
◆佳句The size of the suit fits me well and its colour matches my tie, so it suits me fine.套装的尺寸很适合我，且与我的领带颜色搭配，所以它很适合我。
3.anxious adj.忧虑的；不安的
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①Don't be anxious about/for his safety, because he'll come back soon.
②I am anxious to have (have) a long and relaxing holiday.
③All the people present at the meeting were waiting for the result anxious.anxious→anxiously
(2)句式升级(用形容词作状语升级)
I'm so anxious about the coming exam that I can hardly fall asleep at night.
→④Anxious about the coming exam, I can hardly fall asleep at night.
后记牢
(1)be anxious about ... 为……担心/担忧
be anxious for sth. 渴望某事
be anxious to do sth. 急于做某事
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be anxious for sb. to do sth. 急于让某人做某事
(2)with anxiety (＝anxiously) 焦虑地
◆佳句Anxious all the time, I was unable to keep focused for more than an hour at a time.
由于一直焦虑，我每次无法保持注意力超过一小时。
4.guarantee vt. (guaranteed, guaranteed, guaranteeing) 保证；担保∥n.[C]保证；担保；保修单 (pl. guarantees)
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①As is often the case, going out with friends is guaranteed (guarantee) to cheer you up.
②We guarantee to behave (behave) ourselves at the party tomorrow.
③Your watch will be repaired free if it is under the guarantee.去掉the
(2)一句多译
抓住这个机会吧，我保证你不会后悔的。
④Take this opportunity, and I guarantee that you won't regret it.(guarantee that)
⑤Take this opportunity, and I guarantee you not to regret it.(guarantee v.)
⑥Take this opportunity, and I give you a guarantee that you won't regret it.(guarantee n．)
后记牢
(1)guarantee to do sth./that ...保证/担保做某事；确保……
guarantee sb. sth. 保证某人某事
guarantee sb. to do sth. 保证某人做某事
be guaranteed to do sth. 肯定会做某事
(2)give sb.a guarantee that ... 向某人保证……
under guarantee 在保修期内
◆佳句As is often the case, wealth is no guarantee of happiness.通常情况下，财富并非是幸福的保证。
5.panic n．[C]惊慌；恐慌∥v. (panicked, panicked, panicking) (使)惊慌/恐慌
先试做
单句填空/单句改错
①The whole class panicked (panic) when the teacher said that there would be a quiz today.
②The conditions became more severe and many people were panicked into leaving (leave) the country.
③Hundreds of people left the country in panic.
④She got into panic when she thought she'd lost the ticket.panic前加a
后记牢
(1)panic sb. into doing sth. 使某人惊慌地做某事
panic at/about/over ... 对……惊慌
(2)in panic 惊慌失措地
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get into a panic 惊慌失措
in a state of panic 处于惊慌状态
◆佳句When you are in a dangerous situation, don't panic.形势危险时，不要惊慌。
We have appointed a time which suits everyone for the trip to the Chengde Mountain Resort. Anxious for a visit to the resort, we guarantee to arrive at the appointed time. However, don't panic at the thought that it may be boring. Actually, your trip to the Chengde Mountain Resort is guaranteed to be enjoyable and rewarding.
Part 2 短语与句型
1．make one's way 前往；向……走去；成功
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①As long as you work hard, you can make your way in life.
②She fought the way to health quickly after the accident.第一个the→her
③It was so foggy that we had to feel our way to home.去掉第二个to
(2)单句写作
长城像一条巨龙，在中国北方蜿蜒盘旋。
④The Great Wall winds its way across north China like a huge dragon.
后记牢
fight one's way 奋力前进
lose one's way 迷路
feel one's way 摸索前进
push one's way 挤出来
wind one's way 蜿蜒前进
◆佳句They pushed their way into the crowded train looking for seats.他们挤上拥挤的火车寻找座位。
2.Having collected and evaluated the information, I help other scientists to predict where lava from the volcano will flow next and how fast. 收集和评估了这些信息之后，我就帮助其他科学家一起预测熔岩接着将往何处流，流速是多少。
句型公式 Having＋过去分词……，主语＋谓语
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①Having eaten (eat) at the cafeteria before, Tina didn't want to eat there again.
②Having been defeated many times, but he didn't lose heart.去掉but
(2)句式升级(用分词的完成式作状语升级)
Because I was asked to work overtime that evening, I missed a wonderful film.
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→③Having been asked to work overtime that evening, I missed a wonderful film.
后记牢
(1)分词的完成式在句中作状语，分词动作先于句子谓语动作发生。
(2)分词的动作和句子主语为逻辑上的主动关系，用having done形式作状语；分词的动作和句子主语为逻辑上的被动关系，用having been done形式作状语。
◆佳句Not having finished my work, I had to work overtime.
没有完成我的工作，我不得不加班。
3.It is said that this boy, who had a great gift for languages and persuasion, is the father of the Manchu people. 据说这个男孩就是满族人的祖先，具有语言天赋和很强的说服力。
句型公式 It is said that ... “据说……”
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①He is thought to have acted (act) foolishly. Now he has no one but himself to blame for losing the job.
②A new shopping center is said to be being built (build) at present.
③It is believed he was introduced to the king by a wealthy cousin.believed后加that
(2)句型转换
It is said that a new bridge was built in the village the other day.
→④A new bridge is said to have been built in the village the other day.
John is said to be one of the best teachers in the school.
→⑤It is said that John is one of the best teachers in the school.
后记牢
(1)Sb./Sth. is said to do sth.，意为“据说……”。其中，根据情况不定式可用一般时、进行时或完成时。
(2)It is thought/believed/hoped that ...
大家认为/相信/希望……
It is reported/supposed that ... 据报道/推测……
It is well known that ... 众所周知……
◆佳句It's said that our school will hold a sports meet next week.据说我们学校将于下周举行运动会。
Having packed up our luggage and books, we were about to make our way to Chengde Mountain Resort. It is acknowledged that it is one of China's four famous gardens. There, we would not only enjoy ourselves but also get a better understanding of the history of Qing Dynasty.
集训新思路
四 维 夯 基
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本部分练习中加黑体词语是选修6 Unit 4的词汇复现，如有遗忘，请及时回顾。
Ⅰ.在空白处填入1个适当的单词或所给单词的正确形式——热考用法
1．(2017·浙江卷)He (wave) and yelled at passing cars but was careful not to slow down.
答案与解析 waved 设空所填谓语动词时态与句中已有谓语动词was时态一致，应用一般过去时，故填waved。
2．(2017·浙江卷)Lena Pahlsson pulled out a handful of small carrots and was about (throw) them away.
答案与解析 to throw be about to do sth.“即将做某事”。
3．Though he has worked in the company for twenty years, he doesn't get bored and is enthusiastic his job.
答案与解析 about be enthusiastic about ... “对……积极热情”。
4．He (glance) quickly over his shoulder to see if he was being followed.
答案与解析 glanced 从句谓语动词是一般过去时，故主句谓语用一般过去时。
5．He has a gift music, though his maths is not very good.
答案与解析 for have a gift for ... “有……的天赋”。
6．The room was (comfortable) to live in as a consequence of poor conditions.
答案与解析 uncomfortable 设空在句中作表语，应用形容词，且根据语境“由于状况不好”，故房子住起来不舒服，故填comfortable的反义词uncomfortable。
7．He is one of the most appreciated (novel) of our day.
答案与解析 novelists 设空前是形容词，故设空处填名词；又根据句中的one of the可知，名词应用复数形式，故填novelists。
8．On behalf of my family, I'd like to express our (appreciate) for all your kindness and help.
答案与解析 appreciation 设空前是形容词性物主代词our，故设空填名词。express one's appreciation“表达某人的感激”。
9．We have exchanged e－mails, but we have never (actual) met.
答案与解析 actually 设空在句中作状语修饰谓语have met，应用副词，故填actually。
10．I think the colour blue (suit) you. You should wear it more often.
答案与解析 suits 根据语境可知，该处谓语动词表示现在的情况，应用一般现在时；主语the colour blue是第三人称单数名词，故谓语用第三人称单数，填suits。
Ⅱ.用括号内动词的正确形式填空——不规则变化
1．Even if his house (burn) to the ground the other day, he didn't lose heart.
答案与解析 was burnt/burned 句中时间状语是the other day，故谓语用一般过去时；主语his house与burn to the ground是被动关系，故谓语动词用一般过去时的被动语态，故填was burnt/burned。burn(烧)—burnt/burned—burnt/burned—burning。
2．Gunfire broke out in the street suddenly, which (panic) the crowd.
答案与解析 panicked 本句主句谓语动词是一般过去时，故从句谓语动词用一般过去时，故填panicked。
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panic(惊恐)—panicked—panicked—panicking。
3．It's reported that about 10 people (shoot) to death by the terrorists last week.
答案与解析 were shot 句中时间状语是last week，故谓语用一般过去时；主语10 people与shoot是被动关系，故用一般过去时的被动语态，填were shot。shoot (射击)—shot—shot—shooting。
4．I rushed downstairs only to find my hostess (lie) unconscious on the floor.
答案与解析 lying 设空在句中作宾语补足语，表主动的动作，应用现在分词形式。lie(躺)—lay—lain—lying。
5．I was fast asleep when my bed (begin) shaking and I (hear) a strange sound.
答案与解析 began; heard 由主句中的was可知，从句中谓语动词应用一般过去时，故分别填began和heard。begin (开始)—began—begun—beginning; hear (听见)—heard—heard—hearing。
Ⅲ.改正下列句子中的唯一错误——易错混用
1．It is known that the mountain is the home to a wide range of wild animals.
答案与解析 去掉第二个the be home to ... “是……的所在地/家园”。
2．It is absolute impossible to keep on working without sleeping.
答案与解析 absolute→absolutely 在句中作状语修饰形容词impossible，应用副词，故absolute改为absolutely。
3．A large quantity of medical equipments was sent to the hospital.
答案与解析 equipments→equipment equipment “设备”，是不可数名词，没有复数形式。
4．Even if it was fog and damp this morning, he went jogging as usual.
答案与解析 fog→foggy 在句中作表语，应用形容词，故名词fog改为foggy。
5．I was about to state the problem while the bell rang.
答案与解析 while→when 本句是be about to do sth. when ...“刚要做某事这时……”，故用连词when。
6．The test finishing, we began to talk about our holiday casually.
答案与解析 finishing→finished finish与The test是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词作状语。
7．Trembled with cold, a hungry fox hid himself in a small cave.
答案与解析 Trembled→Trembling a hungry fox 与tremble是逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词作状语。
8．The educator was unconsciously but still breathing when the ambulance arrived.
答案与解析 unconsciously→unconscious 在句中作表语，应用形容词，故unconsciously改为unconscious。
9．The educator named Emily gave births to twin girls last Sunday.
答案与解析 births→birth give birth to “产生；分娩”，birth没有复数形式。
10．He kept on carrying the several boxes, whose weight varied in 10 kilograms to 20 kilograms.
答案与解析 in→from vary from ... to ...“从……到……不等”。
Ⅳ.根据语境选出画线部分的正确含义——熟词生义
A. unknown B. picture C. succeed D. burst out laughing
1．At the amusing story, the whole class erupted into laughter. D
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2．Gradually, the man started to make his way in politics. C
3．(2017·北京卷) Every animal sleeps, but the reason for this has remained foggy. A
4．(2017·天津卷)After about 15 minutes, my camera scanning the sun and reviewing the shot I would eventually take, I grew frustrated. B
小题补练
Ⅰ.语法填空
Today two million people live in the area of Mount Vesuvius, which 1. (erupt) more than 50 times since the eruption in 79 A．D. It was the eruption that buried Pompeii 2. (complete) under the ground. After Pompeii was buried and lost to history, the volcano continued to erupt every 100 years until about 1037 A．D., 3. it entered a 600－year period of being quiet.
In 1631, another terrible volcano broke out, which killed 4,000 inhabitants. It was only during the restoration after this eruption 4. workers discovered the ruins of Pompeii, buried and forgotten for nearly 1,600 years. However, it would take another 300 years for the excavations 5. (reveal) the story of Pompeii.
Though 6. (know) the mountain was an active volcano, the people of Pompeii thought little of it. During the sudden eruption, waves of lava made 7. way down the mountain, which left all the people in 8. state of panic. Many of the wooden 9. (house) were burnt to the ground, while the stone ones remained under the ash until they 10. (discover) in the 20th century.
答案与解析
1．has erupted 考查时态和主谓一致。since引导时间状语从句主句谓语用现在完成时；which指代先行词Mount Vesuvius，故谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，故填has erupted。
2．completely 考查词性转换。设空在句中作状语修饰谓语动词buried，应用副词，故填completely。
3．when 考查定语从句。定语从句先行词是about 1037 A．D.，表时间，从句中缺少时间状语，故用关系副词when引导定语从句。
4．that 考查强调句。此处是强调句结构，强调during the restoration after this eruption，故填that。
5．to reveal 考查非谓语动词。此处是固定句式it takes(took) time to do sth. “花费时间做某事”。故填不定式to reveal。
6．knowing 考查非谓语动词。people与know是逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词作状语。
7．their 考查固定短语。make one's way to “前往”，此处主语是waves，故填代词their。
8．a 考查固定短语。in a state of panic “处于惊慌状态”。
9．houses 考查名词的数。设空前是Many of，故名词house应用复数形式。
10．were discovered 考查时态和语态。句中时间状语是in the 20th century，故谓语动词用一般过去时，主语they与discover是被动关系，故用一般过去时的被动语态，填were discovered。
Ⅱ.短文改错
Last week I went to Beijing for an exam. I was looking forward to seeing some of my friends, which were
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studying there. Arrived there, I was greeted at the train station by one of my friends. I decided to go for a walk to Qianmen Street with my friend before making our way for the place where I was to take my exam. Then I received a message from my lecturer saying that the exam has been cancelled. To be honest, travelled three hours for no purpose, I was a bit disappointing. However, my friend suggested going to the Wangfujing Street. Having been bought a pair of boot and gloves, we went to the local restaurant for lunch. I enjoyed my time there, so my journey to Beijing wasn't total without purpose.
答案与解析
Last week I went to Beijing for an exam. I was looking forward to seeing some of my friends, were studying there. there, I was greeted at the train station by one of my friends. I decided to go for a walk to Qianmen Street with my friend before making our way the place where I was to take my exam. Then I received a message from my lecturer saying that the exam been cancelled. To be honest, travelled three hours for no purpose, I was a bit However, my friend suggested going to the Wangfujing Street. Having bought a pair of and gloves, we went to local restaurant for lunch. I enjoyed my time there, so my journey to Beijing wasn't without purpose.
①which→who 非限制性定语从句先行词是friends，指人，从句中缺少主语，故用关系代词who引导定语从句。
②Arrived→Arriving I 与arrive是逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词作状语。
③for→to make one's way to sp. “出发去某地”。
④has→had 宾语从句谓语动词发生于主句谓语动词之前，表过去的过去，应用过去完成时，故has改为had。
⑤travelled前加having 非谓语动词所表示的动作发生于主句谓语动词was之前，应用分词的完成式作状语。
⑥disappointing→disappointed 在句中作表语，说明主语I 的心理感受，应用－ed结尾的形容词，disappointed “失望的”；disappointing “令人失望的”。
⑦去掉been we与buy是逻辑上的主谓关系，且表先于主句谓语动词went之前的动作，应用分词的完成式作状语。故去掉been。
⑧boot→boots “一双靴子”，应用a pair of boots。故boot改为boots。
⑨the→a 此处指一个当地的餐馆，故用不定冠词a表泛指。
⑩total→totally 在句中作状语修饰介词短语应用副词，故total改为totally。
写 作 提 能
用本单元词汇、句式和语法知识写满分作文
假设你是李华，你的朋友Jenny要到吉林游玩，请你给她推荐景点，请按要求回信。
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①推荐长白山；②介绍长白山的特色；③表达祝愿。
(一)根据提示利用本单元所学知识补全短文(无提示处请填写适当的过渡词汇：however、in addition)
Dear Jenny，
I'm delighted to hear you are coming to visit Jilin. I'd like to recommend Changbaishan to you.
❶It is known as China's largest nature reserve, so it is a wonderful tourist attraction. ①The height of the land varies from 700 meters above sea level to over 2,000 meters (该地高度从海拔700米到2 000多米不等). ②In addition, ③it is home to a great diversity of rare plants and animals (它是各种稀有动植物的家园). You can come here either to walk in the mountains or ④bathe in the hot water pools (沐浴在温泉水中). ⑤However, the attraction which ⑥is highly appreciated (受到高度赞赏) in the reserve is Tianchi.
I am sure you will have a wonderful time visiting Changbaishan.
Yours，
Li Hua
(二)按要求升级词汇和句式
1．用本单元所学词汇升级加波浪线词汇
am sure→guarantee
2．按要求升级句式
用分词作状语升级句❶
Known as China's largest nature reserve, it is a wonderful tourist attraction.
选修7
Unit 1 Living well
基础巧回顾
见学生用书P169
单词巧练
写准并记牢
高考与教材
重点单词
1.resign vi.& vt.辞职；辞去
2.conduct n．[U]行为；品行 vt.指挥；管理；主持
3.adapt vt.使适应；改编→adaptation n．[U，C]适应；改编；改编的作品
4.absence n．[C，U]缺席；[U]缺乏→absent adj.缺席的；缺乏的→(反义词)present adj.出席的；在场的
5.access n．
Ⅰ.高考与单句填空
1.(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)Moran hopes to widen the audience for jazz, make the music more accessible (access) and preserve its history and culture.
2.(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)Now all that was needed were the parents, but they were absent (absence)．
3.(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)High school does
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[U](接近的)方法；通路；可接近性(熟词生义) vt.进入；使用→accessible adj.可接近的；可进入的；可使用的
6.annoy vt.使……不悦；惹恼→annoyed adj.颇为生气的→annoying adj.使人烦恼的→annoyance n．[U]恼火
7.congratulate vt.祝贺；庆贺→congratulation n．[C]祝贺；贺词
8.beneficial adj.有益的；受益的→benefit n．& v.利益；好处；使受益
9.approval n．[U，C]赞成；认可→approve v.支持；赞成；同意→(反义词)disapprove v.不赞成→approving adj.赞许的
10.encouragement n．[U，C]鼓励；奖励→encourage v.鼓励；鼓舞→encouraging adj.鼓舞人心的→encouraged adj.受到鼓舞的→courage n．[U]勇气；胆量
11.disability n．[U，C]伤残；无力；无能→disable vt.使残废；使失去能力→disabled adj.伤残的
12.ambition n．[U，C]雄心；野心→ambitious adj.有雄心的；有野心的
13.noisy adj.吵闹的；喧闹的→noisily ad v.吵闹地→noise n．[U，C]噪音
阅读单词
14.profit n．收益；利润；盈利
15.companion n．同伴；伙伴
not generally encourage students to explore (explore) new aspects of life.
4.(2016·全国卷Ⅰ) It really annoys (annoy) me when Kate calls her friends during office hours.
5.(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)Just last year, I was conducting (conduct) a workshop when someone knocked at the classroom door.
6.(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)Adams helped the poor and worked for peace. She encouraged (encourage) a sense of community.
Ⅱ.教材与单句改错(每题最多2处错误)
1.Although some think the cinema is noise, it is suitable to Sally's condition.noise→noisy; to→for
2.The few who cannot see the real person inside my body do not make me annoying.annoying→annoyed
3.Accept who they are, and give them encouragements to live as rich and full a life as you do.encouragements→encouragement
4.I hope my suggestions will meet with your approve.approve→approval
短语巧练
写准并记牢
高考与教材
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1.in other words 换句话说
2.adapt to 适应
3.cut out 切去；省略；停止(做某事)
4.out of breath 上气不接下气
5.all in all 总而言之
6.meet with 遇到；经历；会晤
7.as well as 和；也
8.in many ways 在很多方面
9.make fun of 取笑
10.sit around 闲坐着
11.all the best (口语)(祝你)一切顺利
12.never mind 没关系
Ⅰ.高考与单句填空
1.(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)She wants to prove that she has brains as well as beauty.
2.(全国卷)The next day we met with the people who ran in the park.
Ⅱ.教材与单句改错(每题最多2处错误)
1.So sometimes some children in my primary school would laugh, when I got out breath after running a short way.out后加of
2.Don't feel sorry for the disabled or make funs of them.funs→fun
3.In many way my disability has helped me grow stronger psychologically.way→ways
句式仿写
原句背诵
我会仿写
1.too ... to ...“太……而不能……”
I was too weak to go to school so my education suffered.
我的身体太虚弱，上不了学，因此落下了很多功课。
2.不定式的完成式to have done，表不定式的动作发生在谓语动作之前
She is proud to have taken part in competitions this year.
今年她很自豪参加了多次比赛。
3.现在分词短语作状语表伴随
I have a very busy life with no time to sit around feeling sorry for myself.
我的生活很充实，没有时间闲坐着顾影自怜。
1.他太固执不能接受别人的建议。
He is too stubborn to follow others' advice.
2.我很遗憾昨天失约。
I'm sorry to have broken the appointment yesterday.
3.由于定期锻炼，我每天早晨醒来都感到精力充沛。
It was because of regular exercise that I woke up every morning feeling energetic.
重点全突破
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Part 1 重点单词
1.adapt vt. (adapted, adapted, adapting) 使适应；改编
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①(2017·江苏卷)We would still face the challenge of adapting to climate.
②This new film is said to be adapted to a novel by Jane Austen soon.第二个to→from
(2)一句多译
是文化使得他很难适应国外的新环境。
③It was the culture that made it hard for him to adapt to/adapt himself to the new environment abroad.(adapt)
④It was the culture that made it hard for him to adjust to/adjust himself to the new environment abroad.(adjust)
后记牢
adapt (oneself) to ... (使某人自己)适应……
adapt sth.from ... 根据……改编某物
adapt ... for ... 为……而改写/改编……
◆提醒 在使用时，注意adopt与adapt在拼写和意义方面的差别。adopt“采纳；收养”。
◆佳句(牛津词典)Three novels of her have been adapted for television. 她已有三部小说改编成了电视剧。
2.absence n．①[C，U]缺席；不在某处；② [U] 缺乏
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)In the absence (absent) of wolves, coyote populations also grew quickly.
②His absence of mind during driving nearly caused an accident.
③Please excuse my absent from class, because I got a bad cold.absent→absence
(2)一句多译
我因没有参加英语俱乐部活动而写信向你道歉。
④I am writing to apologize to you for being absent from the activity of the English club.(absent)
⑤I am writing to apologize to you for my absence from the activity of the English club.(absence)
后记牢
(1)absence of mind/evidence/rain 心不在焉/缺乏证据/缺雨
in the absence of ... 在缺乏……的情况下
in/during one's absence 某人不在时
(2)be absent from ... 不参加……；缺席……
◆佳句Learning English as a foreign language is very difficult in the absence of a native language environment.缺乏母语学习环境而将英语作为外语学习很难。
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3.congratulate vt. (congratulated, congratulated, congratulating) 祝贺；庆贺
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①Congratulations! Your success is really worth congratulating/congratulation. (congratulate)
②You can congratulate yourself (you) on having done an excellent job.
③I want to express my sincere congratulation on your success. congratulation→congratulations
(2)一句多译
我写信祝贺你取得成功。
④I'm writing to congratulate you on your success.(congratulate)
⑤I'm writing to express my congratulations to you on your success.(congratulation)
后记牢
(1)congratulate sb. on (doing)sth. 就(做)某事向某人祝贺
congratulate oneself on (doing) sth. 为(做)某事高兴
(2)congratulations to sb. on sth. 祝贺某人某事
◆佳句(朗文词典)She congratulated me warmly on my exam results.她热情地祝贺我考试取得好成绩。
4.access n．[U](接近的)方法；通路；可接近性；权利等
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①(2017·北京卷)People have better access to health care than they used to.
②The medicine should not be kept where it is accessible (access) to children.
③So they gained an access to all the information.去掉access前的an
(2)一句多译
全世界有许多人喝不到干净的饮用水。
④Across the world, many people have no access to clean drinking water.(access)
⑤Across the world, clean drinking water is not accessible to many people.(accessible)
后记牢
(1)have/gain access to ... 有……的机会；可以接近/进入……
have no access to ... 没有……的机会；无法接近……
access to ... 去……的通道
(2)be accessible to ...可接近/可靠近/可使用……
◆佳句(牛津词典)Students must have access to good resources.学生必须有机会使用好的资源。
5.annoy vt. (annoyed, annoyed, annoying) 使……不悦；惹恼
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①I get annoyed (annoy) when someone talks to me while I'm reading.
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②He got very annoyed with me about/at my carelessness.
③I found it annoyed to talk with the stubborn man.annoyed→annoying
(2)一句多译
他发现他们没有等他而感到十分烦恼。
④He was annoyed to find that they hadn't waited for him.(annoyed)
⑤To his annoyance, he found they hadn't waited for him.(annoyance)
⑥What annoyed him was that he found they hadn't waited for him.(what引导的主语从句)
后记牢
(1)annoy sb.with/by ... 因……而使某人烦恼
be annoyed at/about sth. 因某事生气
be annoyed with sb. 生某人的气
(2)(much) to one's annoyance/to one's (great) annoyance使某人(非常)生气的是
◆佳句Failure is annoying, but what failure can teach us may never be taught in other ways.
失败是令人恼火的，但失败能教给我们的绝不可能以其他方式来教我们。
Generally speaking, though science and technology are developing rapidly, there is still absence of public facilities accessible to the disabled. Such situation has annoyed many people including Jack. His ambition is to build some suitable facilities, which will help the disabled to have access to any place they want to reach. So far, he has helped his grandma adapt to the wheelchair, on which we all congratulate him.
Part 2 短语与句型
1．out of breath(＝breathless)上气不接下气
先试做
用右栏短语填空
①I was late for the meeting so I started running, and when I got there I was totally out of breath.
②Everyone was too afraid to go in because the fire was out of control.
③Personally speaking, his traditional way of thinking is out of date.
后记牢
out of control/date 失控/过时的
out of order/patience 出毛病/不耐烦
out of question/sight 没问题/看不见
out of shape/balance 变形/失去平衡
◆佳句(有道词典)The victory is out of question.
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成功是毫无疑问的。
2.I have a very busy life with no time to sit around feeling sorry for myself.我的生活很充实，没有时间闲坐着顾影自怜。
句型公式 主句＋谓语＋现在分词短语(作伴随状语)
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①(2017·北京卷)Watching (watch) the video played on the graduation ceremony, we felt both nervous and excited.
②Felt hungry, we built a fire by the lake and barbecued the fish.Felt→Feeling
(2)句式升级(利用分词作状语升级)
In the Chinese New Year, when they eat Niangao, people may think of “Nian”．
→③In the Chinese New Year, eating Niangao, people may think of “Nian”.
后记牢
(1)现在分词(短语)作伴随状语，表示伴随情况，所表示的动作与谓语同时发生，且与句子的主语即逻辑主语之间是主动关系。
(2)现在分词(短语)作状语，与主句之间不能出现并列连词。
◆佳句(人教⑦)She lay in bed staring at the last leaf on the tree.她躺在床上，眼睛盯着树上那最后一片叶子。
All in all, due to poor health as well as lack of adequate exercise, he is often out of breath sitting on the bench.
集训新思路
四 维 夯 基
本部分练习中加黑体词语是选修6 Unit 5的词汇复现，如有遗忘，请及时回顾。
Ⅰ.在空白处填入1个适当的单词或所给单词的正确形式——热考用法
1． many ways, children live in a world absolutely different from adults.
答案与解析 In in many ways “在许多方面”。
2．We used to just sit for hours talking about the meaning of life.
答案与解析 around 根据语境“我们常闲坐着谈论生活的意义”可知该处是固定短语，sit around “闲坐着”。
3．His daughter is actually active and (noise) this morning.
答案与解析 noisy 设空在句中作表语，应用形容词，表“吵闹的；嘈杂的”。
4．With support and (encourage) from their parents, children will make their way to success
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gradually.
答案与解析 encouragement 设空在句中作介词with的宾语，指“鼓励”，应填名词encouragement。
5．Learning that he was appointed as manager of the firm, he was too excited (say) a word.
答案与解析 to say 此处是“too＋形容词＋to do”结构，表“太……而不能”，故该空填不定式。
6．I was (ambition) to be admitted into a key university.
答案与解析 ambitious 设空在句中作表语，表“有雄心的”，应用形容词ambitious。be ambitious to do sth. “有雄心做某事”。
7．John's (hear) was starting to get worse in his old age.
答案与解析 hearing 设空前是名词所有格，故设空应填名词，表“听力”，故填hearing。
8．Cycling is highly (benefit) to health and the environment.
答案与解析 beneficial 设空在句中作表语，表“有益的”，应用形容词beneficial。be beneficial to ... “对……有益”。
9．Though he has only one leg, the novelist's (ability) doesn't stop him doing what he wants.
答案与解析 disability 设空前是名词所有格，故该空填名词，根据语境可知此处表“残疾”，应用名词disability。
10．She was quick to come to my (assist) when I was anxious for her help.
答案与解析 assistance 设空前是形容词性物主代词my，故该空填名词assistance。come to one's assistance“帮助某人”。
Ⅱ.用括号内动词的正确形式填空——不规则变化
1．While doing my homework last night, I (meet) with a problem difficult to solve.
答案与解析 met 句中时间状语是last night，故谓语动词用一般过去时，故填met。meet with “遇到”。meet(遇见)—met—met—meeting。
2．I tried to avoid (make) fun of, but in vain.
答案与解析 being made avoid doing sth.“避免做某事”；make fun of“取笑”，make fun of与I是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用动名词的被动形式作宾语。make(制造；使得)—made—made—making。
3．They (cut) out a piece of muscle and looked at it.
答案与解析 cut 设空处所填谓语动词与and后的谓语动词looked时态一致，应用一般过去时，故填cut。cut out“切下”。cut(砍；切)—cut—cut—cutting。
Ⅲ.改正下列句子中的唯一错误——易错混用
1．Just as I stepped into the shower the phone rang. It was so annoyed.
答案与解析 annoyed→annoying 此处指事情很让人恼火，故用形容词annoying。annoyed指“恼火的”，说明人的心理感受。
2．From the flats we have easy accesses to shops and schools.
答案与解析 accesses→access have access to“可以到达”。access是不可数名词。
3．We offer our congratulation to you on your passing the College Entrance Examination.
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答案与解析 congratulation→congratulations
offer congratulations to sb.“向某人表示祝贺”，congratulation表“祝贺”，应用复数形式。
4．I'm about to wear a pair of boots suitably for walking.
答案与解析 suitably→suitable be suitable for “适合……”，作定语修饰名词boots应用形容词suitable。
5．All of all, he is a boy who has potential to become a star.
答案与解析 of→in all in all “总而言之”。
6．We have an adequately supply of firewood to last the winter.
答案与解析 adequately→adequate 在句中作定语修饰名词supply应用形容词。
7．He had been resigned from the big company, which panicked his family.
答案与解析 去掉been 主语He与resign是主动关系，故应用主动语态，故去掉been。
8．They asked him to leave, in other word, he got fired.
答案与解析 word→words in other words “换句话说”。
Ⅳ.根据语境选出画线部分的正确含义——熟词生义
A. used B. damaged C. approachable
1．(2016·全国卷Ⅰ完形)One more look and he noticed fire shooting out from under the disabled vehicle. They then heard a woman's voice coming from the wrecked (毁坏的) vehicle. B
2．The road is closed but can be accessed by emergency vehicles. A
3．Even if he is a powerful leader, you will find him very accessible. C
小题补练
语法填空
Mary once used to sit around in her home because her mental 1. (disable) prevented her from 2. (live) a normal life in many ways. When 3. (educate) in a special school, she was often made fun 4. . Sometimes she got 5. (annoy) when others stared at her rudely. Howeverme, she was advised to take part in a training programme for teenagers, which 6. (conduct) by a retired athlete.
That training turned out to be 7. (benefit) to her. Though 8. was challenging for her to adapt to the training program with other normal teenagers, she managed to overcome the difficulties she met 9. . As time went on, she was no longer out of 10. (breathe) after training and became more confident.
答案与解析
1．disability 考查词性转换。设空前是形容词，故该空填名词。mental disability 表“智障”。
2．living 考查非谓语动词。prevent sb. from doing sth.“阻止某人做某事”，设空前是介词from，故设空处填动名词作宾语。
3．educated 考查非谓语动词。educate与she是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词做状语。
4．of 考查固定短语。make fun of sb. “取笑某人”。
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5．annoyed 考查词性转换。设空在句中作表语，表“恼怒的”，应用annoyed。
6．was conducted 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。主句谓语动词是一般过去时，故从句谓语用一般过去时，关系代词which指代先行词programme, 故谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。关系词与conduct是被动关系，故用一般过去时的被动语态，故填was conducted。
7．beneficial 考查词性转换。设空在句中作表语，指“有益的”，填beneficial。
8．it 考查固定句型。此处是固定句型“it＋be＋形容词＋不定式”，在该句式中it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式。
9．with 考查介词。meet with “遇见”。
10．breath 考查词性转换。out of breath “上气不接下气”。
写 作 提 能
用本单元词汇、句式和语法知识写满分作文
假设你是李华，某英文报社在重阳节前夕征集文章，介绍自己身边的老人，请你按以下写作要点介绍自己的爷爷。
①健康状况和爷爷的心态；②你的感受。
(一)根据提示利用本单元所学知识补全短文
My grandfather is over 80 years old, but he is very energetic. ①Every time he goes up the stairs, he is never out of breath (每次上楼梯他从不上气不接下气). ❶When he is asked why he is full of energy, he often says that it is vital to take enough exercise, such as regular walking and playing Tai Chi. Regular exercise ②is beneficial to health (对健康有益). In his view, a positive attitude to life is the most important.
③All in all/In a word (总而言之), we should learn to live happily. That is to say, ④don't be annoyed at anything less important (不要为任何不重要的事情而烦恼). ❷We can be healthy and live much longer only in this way.
(二)按要求升级词汇和句式
1．用本单元所学词汇升级加波浪线词汇
(1)enough→adequate
(2)That is to say→In other words
2．按要求升级句式
(1)把句❶中的状语从句部分改写为省略句
When asked why he is full of energy, he often says that it is vital to take enough exercise, such as regular walking and playing Tai Chi.
(2)用倒装句式升级句❷
Only in this way can we be healthy and live much longer.
Unit 2 Robots
基础巧回顾
见学生用书P174
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单词巧练
写准并记牢
高考与教材
重点单词
1.desire n．[U，C]渴望；欲望；渴求 vt.希望得到；想要
2.junior adj. 较年幼的；资历较浅的；地位较低的 n．[C]年少者；晚辈
3.sympathy n．[U，C]同情(心)→sympathetic adj.同情的
4.divorce n．[U，C]离婚；断绝关系 vt.与……离婚；与……脱离→divorced adj.离婚的
5.accompany vt.陪伴；伴奏→company n．[U]陪伴；伴随→(近义词)companion n．[C]伙伴；同伴
6.alarm vt.使警觉；使惊恐；惊动 n．[C]警报；[U]惊恐→alarmed adj.担心的；害怕的→alarming adj.令人惊恐的
7.declare vt.宣布；声明；表明；宣称→(同义词)announce vt.宣言；公布
8.favour n．[U]喜爱；[C]恩惠 vt.喜爱；(熟词生义)偏袒→favourable adj.赞成的；有利的→favourite adj.最喜爱的 n．[C]心爱的人/物
9.elegant adj.优雅的；高雅的；讲究的→elegantly ad v.优雅地；高贵地→elegance n．[U]优雅；高雅
10.satisfaction n．[U]满意；满足；[C]令人满意的事物→satisfy vt.使满足；使满意→satisfying&satisfactory adj.令人满意的→satisfied adj.满意的
11.obey vt.& vi.服从；顺从→(反义词)disobey vt.& vi.不服从；违抗
12.affection n．[U]喜爱；爱；感情→affect vt.感动；影响
13.talent n．[U，C]天才；特殊能力；才干→talented adj.有才气的；有才能的→(同义词)gifted adj.有才气的；有才能的
14.awful adj. 极坏的；可怕的；极讨厌的；糟透的
Ⅰ.高考与单句填空
1.(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)I'm writing to ask you to do me a favour.
2.(2015·全国卷Ⅱ)Students who take a well-planned year out are more likely to be satisfied (satisfy) with, and complete, their chosen course.
3.(2015·全国卷Ⅰ)Affected (affect) by French lifestyle changes, cafes are less frequently visited.
4.(2014·全国卷Ⅰ)I desire to live (live) a happier and more relaxing life in ten years.
5.(全国卷)Children，when accompanied (accompany) by their parents, are allowed to enter the stadium.
Ⅱ.教材与单句改错(每题最多2处错误)
1.When she first saw the robot, she felt alarming.alarming→alarmed
2.How awfully to be discovered by her, Claire thought.awfully→awful
3.As he was not allowed to accompany with her to the shops, he wrote out a list of items for her.去掉with
4.She felt her home wasn't elegance enough for someone like Larry.elegance→elegant
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→awfully ad v. 极坏地
阅读单词
15.assessment n．评价；评定
16.overweight adj.超重的；体重超常的
17.scan vt.细看；仔细检查；粗略地看；浏览；扫描
5.A robot must obey for the orders given to it by human beings.去掉for
6.She was beautiful but she did not like to be envy by so many people.envy→envied
短语巧练
写准并记牢
高考与教材
1.leave ... alone 不管；别惹；让……一个人待着；和……单独在一起
2.ring up 给……打电话
3.turn around 转身；翻转
4.test out 考验出；检验完
5.set aside 将……放在一边；为……节省或保留(钱或时间)
6.in all 一共；总计
7.be bound to 一定做……
8.reach for 伸手去够
9.in favour of 支持；赞成
10.or rather 更确切地说
Ⅰ.高考与单句填空
1.(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)In all, from the time the stem cells are harvested from a donor (捐献者) to the time they can be implanted in the patient, we've got 72 hours at most.
2.(2015·全国卷Ⅱ)After looking at the toy for some time, he turned around and found his parents were missing.
3.(2014·全国卷)You'd better set aside some time every day for sports so that you can keep yourself energetic.
Ⅱ.教材与单句改错(每题最多2处错误)
1.She ring Tony up and told the clerk to speak to him.
ring→rang
2.She shouted “Leave me lonely” and ran to her bed.lonely→alone
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3.It was going to be test out by Larry's wife, Claire.test→tested
4.Making a robot so much like a man was bound to causing trouble.causing→cause
句式仿写
原句背诵
我会仿写
1.It be＋形容词＋that从句，it是形式主语，that引导的从句是句子的真正主语
It was disturbing and frightening that he looked so human.
机器人如此通人性，这使她觉得心烦和害怕。
2.there、here、up、down、in、out、now、then等表方位或时间的副词置于句首且主语为名词时，主谓完全倒装
As she turned around, there stood Gladys Claffern.
她刚一转过身来，就看到格拉迪斯·克拉芬站在那儿。
3.what引导的感叹句，基本结构为：What＋a(n)＋adj.＋n.＋主语＋谓语！
What a sweet victory to be envied by those women！
受到那些女士的妒忌，这该是多么甜美的胜利！
1.很明显学生们应该为将来做好准备。
It is obvious that students should get well prepared for their future.
2.在小溪的一边有棵硕果累累的树。
There stands a tree full of fruit on one side of the stream.
3.你给了我一本多么有教育意义而有趣的书啊！
What an instructive and interesting book you have given to me！
重点全突破
Part 1 重点单词
1.desire n．[C，U]渴望；欲望；渴求∥vt. (desired, desired, desiring) 希望得到；想要
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①We always desire to live (live) in peace with all the others.
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②She has a strong desire for knowledge and wants to go to college very much.
③He expressed a strong desire that measures was taken to stop pollution.was→be
(2)一句多译
在场的所有学生都渴望上重点大学。
④All the students present have a strong desire to go to a key university.(desire n．)
⑤All the students present desire to go to a key university.(desire vt.)
⑥All the students present desire that they (should) go to a key university
后记牢
(1)desire to do sth. 渴望做某事
desire sb. to do sth. 想要某人做某事
desire that ... (should) do sth. 渴望……
(2)have a strong desire to do sth./for sth.
迫切要做某事/急于得到某物
她的勇气和对成功的渴望激励着我。
2.favour n．①[U]喜爱②[C]恩惠；帮忙；优惠∥vt. (favoured, favoured, favouring) 喜爱；偏袒；赞成
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①I owed him a favour, so I couldn't say no.
②Most of them were in favour of my opinion while David was against it.
③I was wondering if you could do me favour.favour前加a
(2)一句多译
机遇和成功往往青睐那些有准备的人。
④Opportunities and success tend to be in favour of those who are ready.
⑤Opportunities and success tend to favour those who are ready.
后记牢
(1)favour sb./sth. 较喜欢某人/某物
(2)ask sb.a favour 请某人帮忙
do sb. a favour 帮某人一个忙
owe sb.a favour 欠某人一个人情
(3)in favour of 赞成；支持
in one's favour 对某人有利
show favour to sb. 偏爱某人
◆佳句The exchange rate is in our favour at the moment.目前汇率对我们有利。
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3.accompany vt. (accompanied, accompanied, accompanying) 陪伴；伴奏；附有；配有
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①With nobody accompanying (accompany) her during the festival, the old lady felt lonely.
②Accompanied (accompany) by his companion, he visited the firm.
③He accompanied her to Paris to have a holiday.
④Mary sang and I accompanied her with the piano.with→on/at
(2)一句多译
(2015·全国卷Ⅱ满分作文)我们会为老人做许多事情，打扫房间并陪伴他们，这会让他们非常高兴。
⑤We'll do a lot for the elderly, cleaning their rooms and accompanying them, which will make them delighted.
⑥We'll do a lot for the elderly, cleaning their rooms and keeping them company, which will make them delighted.
后记牢
(1)accompany sb.＝ keep sb.company 陪伴某人
accompany sb.to some place 陪伴/陪同某人到某地
(2)accompany sb.at/on sth. 用某物为某人伴奏
be accompanied by ... 由……伴奏/伴随
◆提醒 汉语中的“陪伴某人做某事”用英语不能表达成“accompany sb. to do sth.”而是表达成“accompany sb. to a place”或者 “to do sth. in the company of sb.”。
◆佳句While she was singing on the stage, her mother was accompanying her on/at the piano.
她在台上唱歌时，她的母亲在为她弹钢琴伴奏。
4.declare vt. (declared, declared, declaring) 宣布；声明；表明；宣称
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①The United States declared (declare)its independence from Britain in 1776.
②In September 1939, Britain declared war on Germany after Germany invaded Poland.
③The accused man declared to be innocent by the court.declared前加was
(2)单句写作
他们于上周声明反对修建新桥。
④It was last week that they declared against building a new bridge.
后记牢
declare sb./sth. to be ... 宣布某人或某事……
declare for/against ... 表赞成/反对……
declare war (on/against ...) (向……)宣战
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declare ... open/closed 宣布……开始/结束
◆佳句It's my honour to declare the meeting open.我很荣幸宣布大会开始。
My desire is to work in a local computer company as a program designer, which is also convenient for me to accompany my parents. However, my parents do not declare for the idea. Finally, after convincing them of the advantages, they are in favour of my choice.
Part 2 短语与句型
1．leave ... alone不管；别惹；让……一个人待着；和……单独在一起
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①We tried to be friendly, but his refusal made us think he wanted to be left alone.
②I felt left out at the party when no one talked with me.
③Don't leave any of your belongings behind of.去掉第二个of
(2)一句多译
他们如此粗心以至于他们漏掉了一个重要的细节。
④They were so careless that they left out an important detail.
⑤So careless were they that they left out an important detail.(倒装句)
后记牢
leave behind 忘带；留下；把……丢在后面；超过
leave for ... 动身到……
leave out 遗漏；忽视；冷落
feel left out 觉得被冷落
◆佳句We gathered at the gate and left for the tourist attraction in high spirits.我们在大门口集合然后兴高采烈地向景点出发。
2.What a sweet victory to be envied by those women！受到那些女士的妒忌，这该是多么甜美的胜利！
句型公式 感叹句：What＋a(n)＋adj.＋n.＋主语＋谓语！
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①What beautiful furniture you have got in your apartment! I am green with envy.
②How terrible to be caught cheating in the exam!
③How wonderful places you have visited in the past ten days！How→What
④The little boy came riding at full speed down the motorway on his bicycle. How a dangerous scene it was！How→What
(2)一句多译
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多么奇怪的植物！我以前从来没见过。
⑤How strange a plant! I've never seen it before.(how)
⑥What a strange plant! I've never seen it before.(what)
后记牢
(1)What＋a(n)＋adj.＋单数可数名词＋主语＋谓语！
What＋ adj.＋复数名词/不可数名词＋主语＋谓语！
(2)How＋ adj. ＋ a(n)＋单数可数名词(＋主语＋谓语)!
How＋ adj./adv.(＋主语＋谓语)!
How＋ 主语＋谓语！
◆佳句We are all amazed at what great progress you made！你取得的进步这么大，我们都很吃惊。
You can set aside some time to visit the robots in the exhibition hall this weekend, where you will be alarmed at what rapid development of science and technology is. Some robots are specially designed for the elderly. It is declared that they won't leave the elderly alone and they will try to meet the needs of the elderly.
集训新思路
四 维 夯 基
本部分练习中加黑体词语是选修7 Unit 1的词汇复现，如有遗忘，请及时回顾。
Ⅰ.在空白处填入1个适当的单词或所给单词的正确形式——热考用法
1．Sandy looked as beautiful and (elegance) as I saw her ten years ago.
答案与解析 elegant 设空在句中作表语，应用形容词，表“优雅的”，故填elegant。
2．My companion reached the telephone and picked it up.
答案与解析 for reach for sth. “伸手够某物”。
3．When Mary conducted the evening party on the stage, they looked at her envy.
答案与解析 with with envy “妒忌地”。
4．Ever since I was a child, I have had a natural (affect) for dogs and cats.
答案与解析 affection 设空前是形容词，故设空处填名词，表“喜爱”，用affection。have a(n) ... affection for ... “喜欢/喜爱……”。
5．He quickly turned around, only to find himself (sympathy) towards the little girl.
答案与解析 sympathetic 设空在句中作补语，表“同情的”，应用形容词sympathetic。
6．Twenty people all are sitting around there chatting casually in the room.
答案与解析 in in all “总共”。
7．All in all, the school is experimenting some new teaching methods.
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答案与解析 with experiment with “实验”。
8．In much of the animal world, night is the time (set) aside for sleep—pure and simple.
答案与解析 set set aside与time是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词作定语。
9．(2017·浙江卷)Benjamin West, the father of American painting, showed his talent art when he was only six years of age.
答案与解析 for show one's talent for sth.“表现出某方面的才智”。
10．(2017·天津卷)It doesn't always bring the (desire) result.
答案与解析 desired desire与result是逻辑上的动宾关系，应用过去分词作定语。
Ⅱ.用括号内动词的正确形式填空——不规则变化
1．He (ring) me up immediately he arrived.
答案与解析 rang 从句谓语动词是一般过去时，故主句谓语动词用一般过去时。ring up “打电话”。ring (打电话)—rang—rung—ringing。
2．All luggage has to (scan) at the airport.
答案与解析 be scanned have to do sth. “不得不做某事”，scan与All luggage是动宾关系，故填be scanned。scan (浏览；扫描)—scanned—scanned—scanning。
3．He wanted (leave) alone so as to do some thinking.
答案与解析 to be left want to do sth. “想要做某事”； leave alone与He是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用不定式的被动式作宾语。
4．She was so clumsy that she (fall) off the ladder.
答案与解析 fell 主句谓语动词是一般过去时，故从句谓语动词用一般过去时。fall off ...“从……摔下”。fall (落下)—fell—fallen—falling。
5．The night of the party arrived. The clock (strike) eight.
答案与解析 struck 根据第一个句子中的谓语动词时态可知设空所填谓语动词用一般过去时，故填struck。strike(敲；打)—struck—struck/stricken—striking。
Ⅲ.改正下列句子中的唯一错误——易错混用
1．Mary felt a great deal of sympathy with Tom when he was made fun of in the firm.
答案与解析 with→for feel sympathy for sb.“同情某人”。
2．Tom is several years junior than Alice, but he can adapt to his new surroundings much easier.
答案与解析 than→to be junior to ...“比……年幼”。
3．My boss used to be strict with his staffs, which made all of them nervous at seeing him.
答案与解析 staffs→staff staff “全体员工”，是集体名词，没有复数形式。
4．You've worked so hard that you're bound to passing the exam.
答案与解析 passing→pass be bound to do sth. “一定会做某事”。
5．In the absence of her brother, Mary's parents desired that she did all the housework.
答案与解析 did→do desire后接宾语从句时，谓语动词用should do 形式，其中should可以省略。
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6．Look! There stand the highest building of the city.
答案与解析 stand→stands there倒装句中谓语动词的数与谓语动词后的主语的数一致，本句主语是the highest building，故谓语动词用单数形式，故stand改为stands。
Ⅳ.根据语境选出画线部分的正确含义——熟词生义
A. approached B. entered C. prefer
1．(2017·北京卷)Of the two trips, I favour the former one. C
2．We all piled into the cinema immediately the door opened. B
小题补练
语法填空
Traditionally, the host country 1. (allow) to put forward demonstration sports to Olympic Games. Therefore, China is considering putting forward a formal 2. (apply)to the International Olympic Committee to consider the traditional Chinese game of Mahjong as 3. Olympic event. As the 2022 Winter Olympics are to 4. (host) in Beijing, “mind sports” are hoped to become Olympic events at this time.
Mahjong recently became the sixth 5. (official) recognized “mind sport” by the International Mind Sports Association (IMSA), following bridge, chess, Go, Chinese chess and international checkers. 6. (support) and promote“mind sports”， Mahjong and other “mind sports” 7. (put) forward as an option to make the Games more interesting.Some tropical countries, due 8. various limitations, won't take part in the Winter Olympics. That is 9. the IOC is always looking for ways to expand the global reach of the Winter Games. Snow and ice events, plus indoor events, could increase the coverage. If the IMSA can reach an agreement with the IOC, Mahjong will 10. (add) to the Olympics as a test event.
答案与解析
【语篇解读】 麻将前不久才获得国际智力运动联盟认可，成为全球第六项智力运动，而现在人们已经在考虑将其纳入奥运会项目了。
1．is allowed 考查时态和语态。主语the host country 与allow是被动关系，故用被动语态；又根据句中状语Traditionally可知谓语动词表现在的客观情况，应用一般现在时，故该处用一般现在时的被动语态，故填is allowed。
2．application 考查词性转换。设空前是a formal，属于“不定冠词＋形容词”，故设空应用名词。根据语境“中国正考虑向国际奥委会提出正式申请”可知设空应填名词application, 意为“申请书”。
3．an 考查冠词。根据语境“将麻将定为奥运会项目之一”可知此处表“一个”，应用不定冠词，Olympic是元音音素开始的单词，故前面加不定冠词an。
4．be hosted 考查非谓语动词。be to do sth. “将要做某事”， 主语the 2022 Winter Olympics与host是被关系，故用被动语态，故填be hosted。
5．officially 考查词形转换。设空在句中作状语修饰非谓语动词recognized, 应用副词，故填officially。
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6．To support 考查非谓语动词。根据语境“为支持和促进智力运动，麻将和其他智力运动作为一个选项”可知此处表示目的，应用不定式作状语。故填To support。
7．have been put 考查时态和语态。主语Mahjong and other “mind sports”与put forward是被动关系，故用被动语态。根据语境可知麻将和其他智力运动已经被提出，应用现在完成时的被动语态。
8．to 考查介词短语。due to “由于”。
9．why 考查名词性从句。“许多热带国家由于种种原因不能参加冬奥会”和“国际奥委会寻求方法扩大奥运会全球影响力的办法”是前因后果的关系，故用why引导表语从句。That is why ...“那是为什么……”， That is because ...“那是因为……”。
10．be added 考查语态。主语Mahjong与 add ... to ...“把……加入到……之中”， 是被动关系，故用被动语态。设空前已有will，故填be added。
写 作 提 能
用本单元词汇、句式和语法知识写满分作文
某英文报社Science栏目向中学生征文，主题为“未来家用机器人”。请你展开合理想象用英语写一篇文章。
(一)根据提示利用本单元所学知识补全短文(无提示处请填写适当的过渡词汇：believe it or not、however、more importantly)
What future household robots might be like is difficult to predict. ①However, I have great expectations for them.
You will be surprised to find that they will ②be more like humans than machines (更像人而不是机器). With their help, you will be free of all household chores, such as cooking, washing, and cleaning. ③More importantly, equipped with an intelligent computer brain, they will help you ④set aside some time for outdoor exercise (留出时间户外锻炼). ❶When they ⑤are accompanied by such household robots (由这样的家用机器人陪伴) at home, the elderly may not feel lonely.
❷They are amazing households. ⑥Believe it or not，
⑦you are bound to desire such wonderful household robots (你一定会渴望得到这样的家用机器人)．
(二)按要求升级词汇和句式
1．用本单元所学词汇升级加波浪线词汇
surprised→alarmed
2．按要求升级句式
(1)利用省略句式升级句❶
When accompanied by such household robots at home, the elderly may not feel lonely.
(2)利用感叹句升级句❷
What amazing households they are!
Unit 3 Under the sea
基础巧回顾
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见学生用书P179
单词巧练
写准并记牢
高考与教材
重点单词
1.pause vi.&n.暂停；中止
2.witness vt.当场见到；目击 n．[C]目击者；证人；[U]证据
3.abandon vt.放弃；遗弃；抛弃→abandoned adj.被遗弃的；放纵的
4.aware adj.意识到的；知道的→awareness n．[U]意识；认识
5.reflect v.思考；反射→reflection n．[U]反射；[C]反映
6.urge vt.催促；极力主张；驱策→urgent adj.紧急的；急迫的
7.narrow adj.狭窄的；有限的；狭隘的→narrowly ad v.勉强地；差一点(没)
8.sharp adj.锐利的；锋利的；(熟词生义)敏捷的→sharpen vt.& vi.削尖；磨快；尖锐；变锋利
9.depth n．[U，C]深(度)；深处→deep adj.& ad v.深的(地)→deeply ad v.深深地→deepen v.使加深；使强烈；变深；变低沉
10.scare vt.恐吓 vi.受惊吓→scared adj.恐惧的；害怕的→scary adj.恐怖的；可怕的
11.accommodation n．[U]住所；住宿→accommodate vt.提供住宿；(熟词生义)容纳
12.tasty adj.好吃的；可口的→taste n．[U，C]味道；品味；(常用单数)体验 v.品尝→(反义词)tasteless adj.无味的；不可口的
13.vivid adj.生动的；鲜明的→vividly ad v.清晰地
阅读单词
14.target n．目标；靶；受批评的对象 15.shallow adj.浅的；肤浅的；浅显的
16.opposite prep.在……对面 adj.
Ⅰ.高考与单句填空
1.(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)However, these plans were abandoned (abandon) because of financial problems.
2.(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)UNESCO recently set April 30 as a day to raise awareness (aware) of jazz music.
3.(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)I never felt an urge to learn any sign language before.
4.(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)They went farther north into the deep (depth) forests of Canada.
5.(2016·四川卷)It was a fun thing but I was scared (scare) from the start.
Ⅱ.教材与单句改错(每题最多2处错误)
1.I could see he was terrified of abandoned by us.of后加being
2.I thought, at the time, that this was just a story but then I witness it with my own eyes.witness→witnessed
3.I'm sitting in the warm night air with a cold drink in my hand and reflecting the day—a day of pure magic！reflecting后加on
4.The first thing was all the vividly colours surrounding me—purples, reds, yellows, blues, and greens.vividly→vivid
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相对的；相反的
短语巧练
写准并记牢
高考与教材
1.be/become aware of 对……知道、明白；意识到……
2.ahead of 优于；在……前面
3.aim at 瞄准
4.help (...) out 帮助(某人)摆脱困境或危难
5.in the meantime 在此期间；与此同时
6.upside down 上下翻转
7.(be) scared to death 吓死了
8.hold up 举起；抬起；支撑；阻挡；使延误
9.get close to 靠近
10.sort out 整理
11.be about to do 即将做；将要做
Ⅰ.高考与单句填空
1.(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)Nurses and other care-givers need to be aware of the possible meanings of silence.
2.(2014·全国卷Ⅰ)Her parents had carefully sorted them out, although they had found mainly foreign addresses on most of the documents.
Ⅱ.教材与单句改错(每题最多2处错误)
1.Holding up in the water by Old Tom, James was confident that he could survive.Holding→Held
2.There were other creatures that I didn't want to get closely to.closely→close
3.I told myself they weren't dangerous at all but that didn't stop me from feeling scary to death for a moment.scary→scared
句式仿写
原句背诵
我会仿写
1.It was a time when ...“曾经一度(那时)”，when引导的是定语从句，修饰a time
It was a time when the killer whales helped the whalers catch the baleen whales that were on their annual migration.
那个时期，虎鲸帮助捕鲸人在每年须鲸迁徙时捕捉须鲸。
2.be about to do sth.意为“正要做某事”
This was the call that announced there was about to be a whale hunt.
1.我曾一度迷恋网络游戏。
It was a time when I was addicted to playing computer games.
2.我正要做作业这时停电了。
I was about to do my homework when the power was cut off.
3.作为年轻人，我们应该学会在我们跌倒的地方站起来。
As young men, we should learn to stand up where we fall.
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这是宣告捕鲸行动马上就要开始的呼声。
3.where引导地点状语从句
The water was quite shallow but where the reef ended, there was a steep drop to the sandy ocean floor.
水很浅，但到了珊瑚礁的尽头，就有一个陡坡，一直下降到满是沙子的海底。
重点全突破
Part 1 重点单词
1.witness vt. (witnessed, witnessed, witnessing) 当场见到；目击∥n. ①[C]目击者；证人 (pl. witnesses)；②[U]证据
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①The driver witnessed to having seen (see) the man enter the building.
②With economy developing at great speed, our city has witnessed (witness) quite a few changes in recent years.
③His good health is a witness of the success of the treatment.第一个of→to
(2)单句写作
过去的十年见证了我的家乡经济的繁荣。
④The past ten years has witnessed a boom in economy in my hometown.
后记牢
(1)be (a) witness to sth. 某事的目击者
bear/give witness to ... 为……作证
(2)witness sth. with one's own eyes 亲眼目睹某事
witness to sth./doing sth. 证明(做)某事
(3)时间/地点名词＋witness＋sth.某时/某地目睹/见证了某事/……是某事发生的时间/地点
◆佳句As far as I'm concerned, the success gave witness to our ability.在我看来，成功证明了我们的能力。
2.urge vt. (urged, urged, urging) 催促；极力主张；驱策∥n.[C]强烈的欲望；冲动 (pl.urges)
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)Having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce the urge to snack (snack) between meals.
②He urges us to study (study) hard with the exam drawing near.
③The teacher urged the importance of honesty in her.in→on
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(2)一句多译
这份报告极力主张教授所有的儿童游泳。
④The report urged all children to be taught to swim.(urge sb. to do)
⑤The report urged that all children (should) be taught to swim.(urge that)
⑥It is urged that all children (should) be taught to swim.(it is urged that ...)
后记牢
(1)the urge to do sth. 做某事的渴望
(2)urge sth./sb.on 催促某物/某人前进
urge sb.to do sth. 催促某人做某事
urge that ...(should) do sth. 极力主张……
It is urged that ...(should) do sth. 坚决要求……
◆佳句I was embarrassed, but I fought the urge to run off the stage.我感到很尴尬，但我抑制了想跑下台的冲动。
3.abandon vt. (abandoned, abandoned, abandoning) 抛弃；放弃；中止；(与oneself连用)使放纵；使听任∥n.[U]放任；放纵
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①They abandoned carrying (carry) out the plan for lack of money.
②(2015·广东卷)He owned a farm, which looked almost abandoned (abandon)．
③They are dancing and singing in abandon.in→with
(2)句式升级(按要求升级句式)
As he abandoned himself to drinking, he got laid off.
④Abandoning himself to drinking, he got laid off.(现在分词短语作状语)
⑤Abandoned to drinking, he got laid off.(过去分词短语作状语)
后记牢
(1)abandon oneself to (doing) sth./be abandoned to (doing) sth. 沉湎/纵情于(做)某事
abandon (doing) sth. 放弃(做)某事
abandon sb. 抛弃/遗弃某人
abandon sp. 离开某地
(2)with abandon 放纵地；放任地
◆佳句Because of the fog they abandoned their idea of driving.因为有雾，他们打消了开车的念头。
4.reflect vt. (reflected, reflected, reflecting) 映射；反射；反映；思考∥vi.思考
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①When the sun's rays hit the earth, a lot of heat is reflected (reflect) back into space.
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②I view it as a reflection (reflect) of their desire to succeed.
③When she washed hands in the water, her face reflected in it.reflected前加was
(2)单句写作
你应该留出一些时间反思你的成功和失败。
④You should set aside some time to reflect on/upon your success and failure.
后记牢
(1)be reflected in sth. 某物映出……
reflect on/upon sth. 思考某事；回忆某事
(2)be lost in reflection 陷入深思中
a reflection of ... ……的反映
◆佳句The Mid-Autumn Festival celebrations reflect Chinese cultural traditions.中秋节的庆祝活动反映了中国的文化传统。
Last Sunday, we took part in an environmental protection activity, where we witnessed changes of the environment and reflected on the present situation of environmental pollution. Most of the students think highly of the activity, which will surely have a positive effect on our daily life. To protect the environment, it is urged that we should abandon bad lifestyle and adopt low-carbon lifestyle.
Part 2 短语与句型
1．help ( ...) out帮助(某人)摆脱困境；协助；使(某人)脱离困境
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①He is always willing to help out when I am in trouble.
②(2015·四川卷)Please help with me and give me some advice.去掉with
③Standing in the beautiful forest, he couldn't help but having a deep breath.having→have
(2)一句多译
在他的帮助下我取得了很大进步。
④With his help/With the help of him, I have made great progress.
⑤It was with his help/with the help of him that I have made great progress. (强调句)
后记牢
(1)help sb.with sth./(to) do sth.帮助某人某事/做某事
can't help doing sth. 忍不住做某事
can't help but do sth. 只得做某事
(2)with the help of sb./with sb.'s help 在某人的帮助下
◆佳句I was moved so much that I couldn't help running tears in my eyes.
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我感动得热泪盈眶。
2.be/become aware of ...对……知道、明白；意识到……
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①(2017·北京卷)She hoped to spread her message of hope and awareness (aware)．
②Were you aware of that something is wrong？去掉of
③We should make them aware the importance of environmental protection.aware后加of
(2)词汇升级(用本单元所学高级词汇升级黑体词汇)
④We should realize the severe situation of pollution. be aware of
(3)单句写作
据我所知，清楚你的弱点可能是成功的关键。
⑤As far as I'm aware, being well aware of your own weakness is probably the key to success.
后记牢
(1)be (well) aware of/that ... (很)清楚……
make sb. aware of/that ... 使某人注意……
as far as I'm aware 据我所知
(2)develop an awareness of ... 逐渐懂得……
raise one's awareness of ... 提高某人的……意识
◆佳句It is important that children develop an awareness of valuing parents' love.
培养孩子珍惜父母的爱的意识是很重要的。
3.The water was quite shallow but where the reef ended, there was a steep drop to the sandy ocean floor. 水很浅，但到了珊瑚礁的尽头，就有一个陡坡，一直下降到满是沙子的海底。
句型公式 where ...，there be ... “在……的地方，有……”
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①After the war, a new school building was put up where there had once been a theatre.
②Jane stopped there a small crowd of men had gathered.there→where
(2)一句多译
很多高楼在一年前还是废墟的地方拔地而起。
③A number of high buildings have arisen where there was nothing a year ago but ruins. (状语从句)
④A number of high buildings have arisen in the place where there was nothing a year ago but ruins.(定语从句)
后记牢
(1)where引导地点状语从句时是连接副词，其引导的从句说明主句谓语动作发生的地点，其前无表地点的先行词。
(2)where引导定语从句时是关系副词，在从句中作地点状语，其前有表地点的先行词。
◆佳句As the scientists put it, where there is a shale there is likely to be
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oil.正如科学家所说，哪儿有页岩，哪儿就可能有石油。
We are aware that where there is pollution, there are human activities that lead to pollution. As far as I'm aware, it's everyone's duty to keep the environment neat and help out to solve the problem.
集训新思路
四 维 夯 基
本部分练习中加黑体词语是选修7 Unit 2的词汇复现，如有遗忘，请及时回顾。
Ⅰ.在空白处填入1个适当的单词或所给单词的正确形式——热考用法
1．The clerk's eyes were open and everything he saw was upside .
答案与解析 down upside down “上下翻转”。
2．Only since 1962 has the show been held (annual)．
答案与解析 annually 设空在句中作状语修饰谓语has been held，故用副词，填annually。
3．He turned around and (narrow) escaped being hit by the car.
答案与解析 narrowly 设空在句中作状语修饰谓语动词escaped，应用副词，故填narrowly，意为“勉强地；差一点地”。
4．The river's (deep) in this spot is over one hundred meters in all.
答案与解析 depth 设空前是名词所有格，故该空应填名词，表“深度”，填depth。
5．What a big surprise it is to learn that such a child could retell a story so (vivid)!
答案与解析 vividly 设空在句中作状语修饰谓语retell，应用副词，故填vividly，意为“生动地”。
6．Another journey of challenge and danger was about (begin)．
答案与解析 to begin be about to do sth. “即将/将要做某事”。
7． (educate) in a famous university is what most students desire for.
答案与解析 Being educated 设空在句中作主语，应用动名词形式；educate与most students是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用动名词的被动式作主语，故填Being educated。
8．(2016·浙江卷)When the time came to make the final decision for a course, I decided to apply for the one that (reflect) my interest.
答案与解析 reflected 主句谓语动词是一般过去时，故从句谓语动词的时态与主句谓语动词的时态一致，应用一般过去时，填reflected。
Ⅱ.用括号内动词的正确形式填空——不规则变化
1．(2017·江苏卷)He arrived at school early in the morning, (drag)his heavy instrument case across the campus.
答案与解析 dragging 设空在句中为非谓语动词作状语，He与drag是逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词作状语表伴随。drag(拽；拖)—dragged—dragged—dragging。
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2．Bob attaches great importance to physical exercise. He goes (jog) every day.
答案与解析 jogging go jogging “去慢跑”。jog(慢跑)—jogged—jogged—jogging。
3．The family abandoned their home and (flee) the country.
答案与解析 fled 设空所填谓语动词与句中已有谓语动词abandoned时态一致，应用一般过去时，故填fled。flee(逃跑)—fled—fled—fleeing。
4．She (throw) herself into a chair and began to cry.
答案与解析 threw 设空所填谓语动词与began时态一致，应用一般过去时，故填threw。throw onself into ... “倒在……”。throw (扔)—threw—thrown—throwing。
Ⅲ.改正下列句子中的唯一错误——易错混用
1．While she was in Paris, the elegant lady developed a tasty for fine art.
答案与解析 tasty→taste develop a taste for sth. “培养对某物的爱好”， taste 是名词；tasty是形容词，意为“好吃的”。
2．In the exams, beautiful and neatly handwriting is beneficial to us students.
答案与解析 neatly→neat 在句中作定语修饰名词handwriting 应用形容词，故neatly改为neat。
3．The manager urged that a meeting would be held to discuss how to improve our work.
答案与解析 would→should或去掉would urge后接宾语从句谓语动词用“should do” 形式，should可以省略。
4．It is alarming to see the little child holding a sharply knife.
答案与解析 sharply→sharp 在句中作定语修饰名词knife应用形容词。
5．He pause for breath, and then continued to pile the heavy boxes.
答案与解析 pause→paused 根据并列句中的谓语动词continued可知pause应用一般过去式，表过去发生的动作。
6．Judging from the furniture in the room, the building has abandoned for many years.
答案与解析 has后加been 主语the building 与abandon是被动关系，故用被动语态，故在has后加been。
Ⅳ.根据语境选出画线部分的正确含义——熟词生义
A. broad B. limited C. rapid
1．Personally speaking, the firm took too narrow a view of possible export markets. B
2．Ever since last year, there has been a sharp increase in house prices. C
小题补练
短文改错
To be honest, educated in a famous university is my ambition and I have been looking forward to be admitted to Tsinghua University. In the meantime, I appreciate being giving a chance to go abroad for further education. To achieve of this aim, I must study even hard. In the last examination, with all the efforts making, I got the first place, that made both my teachers and parents delighted. Another important examination is approaching, but being expecting too much by them also gives me much pressures. However, I'll do what I can to live up to your expectations.
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答案与解析
To be honest, educated in a famous university is my ambition and I have been looking forward to admitted to Tsinghua University. In the meantime, I appreciate being a chance to go abroad for further education. To achieve this aim, I must study even In the last examination, with all the efforts I got the first place, made both my teachers and parents delighted.
Another important examination is approaching, but being too much by them also gives me much However, I'll do what I can to live up to expectations.
①educated前加being 在句中作主语，应用动名词形式；educate与I是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用动名词的被动式作主语。
②be→being look forward to doing sth. “盼望着做某事”，动名词作宾语；be admitted to ... “被……录取”，故be 改为being。
③giving→given appreciate doing sth. “感激做某事”；give 与I 是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用动名词的被动式作宾语。
④去掉of achieve 是及物动词，后面直接接宾语，故介词of多余。
⑤hard→harder 根据hard前的比较级修饰语even可知hard应用比较级，故改为harder。
⑥making→made make 与efforts是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词作宾语补足语。
⑦that→which 关系词指代主句的全部内容，且在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which 引导定语从句。
⑧expecting→expected expect与me是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用动名词的被动形式作主语。
⑨pressures→pressure pressure是不可数名词，没有复数形式。
⑩your→their 此处指不辜负父母和老师的期望，应用代词their。
写 作 提 能
用本单元词汇、句式和语法知识写满分作文
近十年来很多海洋生物已经灭绝了，这引起了全世界的关注。假设你是李华，在环境保护日写一篇关于保护海洋的英文短文发表在校报上，要点如下：
①海洋受到污染的现状；②保护海洋的重要性。
(一)根据提示利用本单元所学知识补全短文(无提示处请填写适当的过渡词汇：therefore、as a matter of fact、on the other hand)
As we all know, ①there are varieties of resources under the sea (在海底有各种资源). However, ②the past ten years has witnessed (过去的十年目睹了) that some creatures have died out. ③Therefore, marine
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pollution ④has been greatly concerned by the whole world (受到全球的极大关注)．
On one hand, we must make people realize the importance of protecting the ocean. ⑤As a matter of fact, ⑥to protect the ocean is to protect human beings (保护海洋就是保护人类). ⑦On the other hand, we started a campaign to ⑧urge the government (should) take/to take immediate measures to keep the balance of nature (主张政府立刻采取措施保持生态平衡). In no way should we ⑨abandon protecting the environment (放弃保护环境). ❶The problem can be solved only by ⑩raising people's awareness of protecting the environment (提高人们的环保意识) and making great efforts to prevent pollution.
(二)按要求升级词汇和句式
1．用本单元所学词汇升级加波浪线词汇
realize→aware of
2．按要求升级句式
用倒装句式升级句❶
Only by raising people's awareness of protecting the environment and making great efforts to prevent pollution can the problem be solved.
Unit 4 Sharing
基础巧回顾
见学生用书P184
单词巧练
写准并记牢
高考与教材
重点单词
1.otherwise conj. 否则；不然 ad v. 用别的方法；其他方面
2.purchase vt.&n.买；购买
3.relevant adj. 有关的；切题的
4.privilege n．[C]特权；特别优待 vt.给予特权→privileged adj. 有特权的
5.adjust vi.& vt.调整；(使)适合→adjustable adj.可调整的→adjustment n．[C，U]调整；调节；适应
6.participate vi.参与；参加→participation n．[U]参加；参与→participant n．[C]参与者
7.operate vi.工作；运转 vt.操作→operation n．[C]手术；[U]运转→operator n．[C]操作人员
8.donate vt.捐赠→donation n．
Ⅰ.高考与单句填空
1.(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)If you are interested in the activity, you can also participate in it.
2.(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)Keep a record and evaluate it weekly (week)．
3.(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)I feel privileged (privilege) to invite you to join us in the exhibition.
4.(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)The Transition is unlikely to show up not because it is not easy to operate (operate).
5.(2017·全国卷Ⅰ) I think we need to read some materials that are relevant to the topic we are
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[C，U]捐赠→donator n．[C]捐赠者
9.voluntary adj.自愿的；志愿的；无偿的→volunteer n．[C]自愿者；志愿者 vi.自愿做……
10.distribute vt.分配；分发→distribution n．[U]分配；分发；[C]分布状态
11.security n．[U]安全；保护；保障→secure vt.使安全 adj.安全的
12.political adj.政治的；政党的→politics n．[U]政治
阅读单词
13.remote adj.遥远的；偏僻的 14.fortnight n．两星期
15.concept n．观念；概念 16.anniversary n．周年纪念(日)
17.weekly adj.& ad v.每周(的)
discussing.
Ⅱ.教材与单句改错(每题最多2处错误)
1.It was such privilege to have spent a day with Tombe's family.such后加a
2.It was my first visit to a remotely village. remotely→remote
3.The hut was dark inside so it took time for our eyes to adjust to.去掉第二个to
4.When you purchase with an item, we will send you an attractive card for you.去掉with
5.This gift covers the cost of exercise books and textbooks for community primary schools that operates in poor areas.operates→operate
短语巧练
写准并记牢
高考与教材
1.hear from 接到……的信
2.(be) dying to 极想；渴望
3.the other day 不久前的一天
4.come across 偶然遇到
5.be relevant to ... 和……有关
6.participate in 参与……；参加……
7.dry out (使浸水等之物)完全变干；干透
8.dry up (指河流、井等)干涸
9.in need 在困难中；在危急中
10.get through 完成；穿过；接通电话
Ⅰ.高考与单句填空
1.(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)I am looking forward to hearing from you soon.
2.(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)I have no idea whether there exist some mistakes in my application, so I am dying for your help.
3.(2014·全国卷Ⅰ)As the old saying goes，“A friend in need is a friend indeed.”
Ⅱ
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.教材与单句改错(每题最多2处错误)
1.Tombe told me that the can was heated to dry out of the leftover food.去掉of
2.Sometimes I wonder how relevant chemistry is with these students.with→to
3.The boys who had never come across with anything like this before started jumping out of the window.去掉with
句式仿写
原句背诵
我会仿写
1.doubt用于肯定句时，后面常用whether/if引导宾语从句
To be honest, I doubt whether I'm making any difference to these boys' lives at all.
说实在的，我真的不知道我教的课是否会让这些孩子的生活有所改变。
2.“介词＋where”引导的定语从句
We walked for two and a half hours to get there—first up a mountain to a ridge from where we had fantastic views.
我们步行了两个半小时才到达那里——先是爬山，爬到山脊能看到奇妙的景色。
3.not ... but ...“不是……而是……”，连接两个并列成分
The gift you give is not something your loved one keeps but a voluntary contribution towards the lives of people who really need it.
1.说实在话，我怀疑他们是否能按时完成工作。
To be honest, I doubt whether/if they will finish the work on time.
2.我们最终爬到山顶，从山顶我们可以更好地欣赏整个城市。
We finally climbed into the peak of the mountain, from where we could have a good view of the city.
3.能给我们工作带来最大益处的不是我们做了多少，而是我们对于自己所做的事情付出了多少爱。
It is not how much we do but how much we love what we do that benefits our work most.
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你送的礼物不是给你所爱的人留念的，而是给那些确实有生活需要的人的一项志愿性捐助。
重点全突破
Part 1 重点单词
1.participate vi. (participated, participated, participating) 参与；参加
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①He is an active participant (participate) in the discussion.
②You should participate your friend in his sufferings.participate后加with
(2)单句写作
我有英语演讲比赛要参加。
③ I have an English speech contest to participate in.
后记牢
participate in (doing) sth. 参加(做)某事
participate with sb.in sth. 与某人分担某物；同某人一起参与某事
◆佳句His injury stopped his participation in the game.他的伤阻止了他参加比赛。
2.privilege n．①[C]特权；特别优待 (pl.privileges)；② [U] (常用单数) 荣幸
先试做
(1)单句改错
①We consider ourselves privilege to be invited here.privilege→privileged
(2)一句多译
(2016·天津卷满分作文)我很荣幸与来自英国的朋友分享这个时刻。
②It's my great privilege to share this moment with our fellow friends from the Great Britain.(it作形式主语)
③I am/feel greatly privileged to share this moment with our fellow friends from the Great Britain.(privileged)
后记牢
(1)have the privilege to do/of doing sth. 有做某事的特权
It is a privilege (for sb.) to do sth. (某人)有幸做某事
(2)be/feel privileged to do sth. 做某事是荣幸的
◆佳句It is a privilege for me to enjoy all the privileges of club membership.享受会员的一切优惠，我深感荣幸。
3.operate vi. (operated, operated, operating) 工作；运转；给……动手术；起作用∥vt.操作；经营
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先试做
(1)[一词多义] 写出下列句中黑体部分的含义
①The lift didn't operate properly.运转
②He knows how to operate the machine.操作
③The medicine will operate in ten minutes.起作用
④The people operating these factories are deeply concerned about the environment.经营
(2)单句改错
⑤He is being operated by some experienced doctors and nurses.operated后加on
后记牢
operate on/upon sb. 给某人动手术
operate sth. 经营/管理某事/物
operate well/badly 运转好/不好
come/go into operation 开始运转；生效
put ... into operation 实施/施行……
◆佳句It's reported that the local government will put the new law into operation next month.
据报道当地政府将于下个月实施这部新法律。
December 5 is the International Volunteer Day，when people in the world participate in a variety of voluntary activities such as donating books, money, or clothes to the people in need. Actually, each student feels it a privilege to do a bit for the people who are suffering from cold and hunger. We believe that the volunteer day will be operated better in the future.
Part 2 短语与句型
1．(be) dying to do sth.渴望做某事
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①He missed his mother so much that he was dying (die) to meet her at the airport.
②I heard you are dying of some advice on how to make friends.of→for
(2)句型转换
I long to hear from you soon.
→③I am dying/anxious/eager to hear from you soon.(dying/anxious/eager)
后记牢
be dying for sth. 渴望得到某物
be thirsty/eager for sth. 渴望得到某物
be eager/anxious to do sth. 渴望做某事
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long to do sth. 渴望做某事
◆佳句After the end of every examination, we are dying to know the results.每次考试结束后，我们都急于知道成绩。
2.in need在困难中；在危急中
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①(2016·北京卷)She created a website page matching survivors in need with donors who wanted to help.
②There's no need to regret (regret) what has happened.
③There is need for more communication between parents and children. need前加a
(2)单句写作
总之，我们应该向处于困难中的人们提供帮助和关爱。
④In a word, we should offer our help and love to those in need.
后记牢
(1)in (urgent) need of ... (迫切)需要……
There is a/no need for ... 需要/不需要……
There is no need (for sb.) to do sth.
(某人)没有必要做某事
(2)need doing/to be done 需要被做
◆佳句As far as I'm concerned, children are in need of love and care.就我而言，孩子们需要爱和关心。
3.The gift you give is not something your loved one keeps but a voluntary contribution towards the lives of people who really need it. 你送的礼物不是给你所爱的人留念的，而是给那些确实有生活需要的人的一项志愿性捐助。
句型公式 not ... but ...“不是……而是……”
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①I realize the secret to success is not when or where you were born, but what you are doing and how you do it in your life.
②Love looks not with the eyes, or with the mind.or→but
③Not you but I are to blame for the mistake.are→am
(2)句式升级(用强调句式升级)
Not the story itself but what is reflected in the story counts.
→④It is not the story itself but what is reflected in the story that counts.
后记牢
(1)not ... but ...连接两个平行成分，做题时应注意平行成分的一致。
(2)当not ... but ...连接两个主语时，谓语动词的数按“就近一致”原则确定，有类似用法的还有：not
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only ... but also .../either ... or .../neither ... nor ...。
◆佳句It is not who you are but what you have done for the society that matters.重要的不是你是谁而是你为社会做了什么。
It was not the other day but yesterday that we gave a lending hand to those in need of help. Actually, each of us is dying to help those people out.
集训新思路
四 维 夯 基
本部分练习中加黑体词语是选修7 Unit 3的词汇复现，如有遗忘，请及时回顾。
Ⅰ.在空白处填入1个适当的单词或所给单词的正确形式——热考用法
1．The desks and seats can (adjust) to the height of any child.
答案与解析 be adjusted 主语The desks and seats与adjust是被动关系，故用被动语态；设空前已有情态动词can，故填be adjusted。
2．I had a bad cold; otherwise I (go) to the seaside last week.
答案与解析 would have gone 根据语境可知此处表达的是对过去事实的假设，应用would have done 形式，故填would have gone。
3．The teacher (distribute) the sweets among the children when a boy burst out crying.
答案与解析 was distributing 此处是be doing sth. when ...“正在做某事这时……”句式，设空处表过去正发生的动作，应用过去进行时，故填was distributing。
4．There is a need for us to reflect on the (secure) systems in schools.
答案与解析 security 根据语境“我们需要反思学校的安全系统”可知该处填名词security。
5．He was making (arrange) for accommodations for the students.
答案与解析 arrangements 设空前是及物动词make，故该空填名词。make arrangements for ... “为……做安排”，在该短语中，arrangement 应用复数形式。
6．The (operate) of the machine is thought to be hard to learn.
答案与解析 operation 设空前是定冠词The，故设空应填名词，表“操作”，应用operation。
7．Her expensive shoes were (mud) after she walked in the rainstorm.
答案与解析 muddy 设空在句中作表语，应用形容词，故填muddy，意为“满是泥的”。
8．All the (roof) of the buildings are covered with snow, which looks really beautiful.
答案与解析 roofs 根据设空前的All the 可知可数名词roof应用复数形式，故填roofs。
Ⅱ.用括号内动词的正确形式填空——不规则变化
1．She (hear) from her son every month when he studied at university.
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答案与解析 heard when引导的时间状语从句谓语动词是一般过去时，故主句谓语动词用一般过去时，填heard。hear from “收到某人的来信”。hear(听见)—heard—heard—hearing。
2．The food is dried up in the can and the can is then (throw) out of the hut.
答案与解析 thrown 主语the can与throw 是被动关系，故用被动语态，填thrown。throw(扔)—threw—thrown—throwing。
Ⅲ.改正下列句子中的唯一错误——易错混用
1．Generally speaking, deeds are better than words when people are in need help.
答案与解析 need后加of in need of ... “需要……”，后接宾语。
2．Helen has borrowed my book the other day, saying that she would return it soon.
答案与解析 去掉has 句中时间状语是the other day, 故谓语动词用一般过去时，去掉has。
3．Yesterday there was a sports meet in our school which hundreds of students participated.
答案与解析 participated后加in或在which前加in participate in ...“参加……”，其后应加宾语。
4．They used to donate a large sum of money for the charity every year.
答案与解析 for→to donate sth. to ...“向……捐赠某物”。
5．Children here have no concepts of what it is like to live in real poverty.
答案与解析 concepts→concept have no concept of ... “对……没有概念”。
6．You should abandon your previous plan. Thus, you will fail.
答案与解析 Thus→Otherwise 根据语境“你应该放弃你以前的计划，否则你会失败的”可知此处应用Otherwise, 表“否则”。
Ⅳ.根据语境选出画线部分的正确含义——熟词生义
A. was understood by B. slim
1．There is a remote chance that you will catch him before he leaves. B
2．(2015·全国卷Ⅰ完形 )It seemed that something clicked with the girls between Saturday and Sunday. When they showed up for their Sunday game, they were completely different. A
小题补练
短文改错
Mary looked at her in the mirror and sighed. She had sent many messages to Tom in the past days but had no reply. She smoothed her hair down with a wet comb, wiped her mud shoes, and thinking about the three months she had known him. He was the nicer boy she had ever met, otherwise she would not had fallen in love with him. She still remembered that he was adjusted quickly when he heard she came from the remote village. At first she had heard him every week but now she had not heard for a fortnight. She had decided to find out the reason. She walked down the platform to catch the train to New York feeling both exciting and nervous. She was dying to seeing him again but what if he didn't want to see her?
答案与解析
Mary looked at in the mirror and sighed. She had sent many messages to Tom in the past days
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but had no reply. She smoothed her hair down with a wet comb, wiped her shoes, and about the three months she had known him. He was the boy she had ever met, otherwise she would not fallen in love with him. She still remembered that he was adjusted quickly when he heard she came from remote village. At first she had heard him every week but now she had not heard for a fortnight. She had decided to find out the reason. She walked down the platform to catch the train to New York feeling both and nervous. She was dying to him again but what if he didn't want to see her?
①her→herself 此处指看着她自己，故用反身代词herself作宾语。
②mud→muddy 修饰名词shoes, 应用形容词作定语。
③thinking→thought 句中的smoothed, wiped 和thought是并列谓语，故thinking改为thought。
④nicer→nicest 此处指最好的男孩，应用nice的最高级。
⑤had→have 根据语境“否则她不会爱上他”可知该处用would have done 形式，故had改为have。
⑥去掉was 主语he与adjust是主动关系，故用主动语态，应去掉was。
⑦the→a 此处指一个遥远的村庄，应用不定冠词a表泛指。
⑧heard后加from hear from sb.“收到某人的来信”。
⑨exciting→excited 在句中作表语，说明人的心理感受，表“兴奋的；激动的”，应用excited。
⑩seeing→see be dying to do sth. “渴望做某事”。
写 作 提 能
用本单元词汇、句式和语法知识写满分作文
假设你是李华，你的朋友彼得听说你去支教，来信询问相关情况，请你给他写封回信。要点如下：
①写信目的；②介绍支教工作；③表达愿望。
(一)根据提示利用本单元所学知识补全短文(无提示处请填写适当的过渡词汇：as far as I'm concerned、otherwise)
Dear Peter，
I'm glad to have received your letter, saying you are concerned about my voluntary work. Now I give you a brief introduction.
①The other day, I went to a remote village (几天前我去了一个遥远的村庄) where I took part in a voluntary activity. ②Otherwise, I would have gone to your anniversary ceremony. ③It took me several days to adjust (myself) to living in the mountainous village (我用了几天的时间适应了生活在这个山村). ④As far as I'm concerned, ⑤it is a privilege to do voluntary work to help those in need (做志愿者工作帮助那些需要帮助的人很荣幸). ❶The voluntary work helps me live my life to the fullest.
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⑥I am dying to hear from you (我渴望收到你的来信) soon.
Yours，
Li Hua
(二)按要求升级词汇和句式
1．用本单元所学词汇升级加波浪线词汇
took part in→participated in
2．按要求升级句式
用强调句升级句❶
It is the voluntary work that helps me live my life to the fullest.
Unit 5 Travelling abroad
基础巧回顾
见学生用书P188
单词巧练
写准并记牢
高考与教材
重点单词
1.queue n．[C]队列；行列 vi.排队
2.routine n. [C]常规；日常事务
3.substitute n. [C]代替者；代用品 vt.用……代替……
4.acknowledge vt.承认；(熟词生义)答谢→acknowledgement n．[C，U]承认
5.occupy vt.占用；占领；占据→occupation n．[U]占领；占据[C]工作；职业→occupied adj.忙碌的；使用中
6.recommend vt.推荐；建议→recommendation n．[U]推荐；介绍；[C]建议
7.requirement n．[C]需要；要求→require vt.需要
8.comfort n．[C，U]舒适；安慰 vt.安慰→comfortable adj.舒适的→comfortably ad v.舒适地
9.preparation n．[U]准备；预备；[C]准备工作→prepare vt.准备→prepared adj.准备好的；有所准备的
Ⅰ.高考与单句填空
1.(2017·全国卷)I recommend that you (should) find (find) your way in style.
2.(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)Passport information was not required (require) when booking.
3.(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)The woman called the man to make an apology (apologize)．
4.(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)Another group began removing seats and other theater equipment in preparation (prepare) for the building's end.
5.(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)The building will be sold to the city government (govern)．
6.(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)Unfortunately, you must carry the necessary equipment with you, since it's all
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10.qualification n．[C]资格；资历→qualified adj.有资格的；能胜任的→qualify vt. (使)合格；(使)具有资格
11.apology n．[C]道歉；谢罪→apologize vi.道歉
12.abundant adj.丰富的→abundance n．[U]丰富
13.govern vt.& vi.统治；管理；支配→government n．[C]政府
阅读单词
14.contradict vt.反驳；驳斥
15.draft n．草稿；草案 vt.草拟；起草
16.lecture n．& vi.演讲；讲课
17.destination n．目的地
but impossible to find natural substitutes (substitute)．
Ⅱ.教材与单句改错(每题最多2处错误)
1.She acknowledged for her mistake and made apology immediately.去掉for; apology前加an
2.I saw her waiting in a queue at the student cafeteria between lecture.lecture→lectures
3.I'm too occupied myself with my own essay for this seminar to help you with yours.去掉myself
4.First of all, he told me, I couldn't write what other people had said without acknowledge them.acknowledge→acknowledging
5.It's great comfort to have a substitute family to be with.great前加a
6.Finally, he even encouraged me to contradict with the authors I'd read.去掉with
短语巧练
写准并记牢
高考与教材
1.adjust to 适应；调节
2.keep it up 保持优秀成绩；继续干下去
3.fit in 相适应；相融合
4.as far as one is concerned 就……而言
5.be occupied with 忙于某事物
6.day in and day out 日复一日
7.get/be used to 对……适应；习惯
8.settle in (迁入新居、更换工作后)安顿下来
9.out of the question 不可能的；不值得讨论的
Ⅰ.高考与单句填空
1.(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)As far as I am concerned (concern), joining in paper-cutting will be an unforgettable experience for you.
2.(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)People are used to the limited choice of apples such as Golden Delicious and Royal Gala in supermarkets.
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10.take up 占用时间；占据空间；继续；开始从事
3.(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)I know you are occupied with your work so I hope I didn't take up too much of your time.
Ⅱ.教材与单句改错(每题最多2处错误)
1.I heard Tony is going to the gym. I'll be very surprised if he keep it. He's so lazy.it后加up
2.How difficult do you think it is to adjust the customs of another country？adjust后加to
3.You have to get used to a whole new way of life, which can take in all your concentration in the beginning.第一个in→up
4.Day in or day out I follow almost the same routine.or→and
句式仿写
原句背诵
我会仿写
1.It is/was the first time (that) ... “第一次……”
It was the first time she had ever left her motherland.
这是她第一次离开祖国。
1.这是中国第二次主办G20峰会。
This was the second time that China had hosted G20 Summit.
2.“疑问词＋不定式”结构
But I was also very nervous as I didn't know what to expect.
但是我又非常紧张，因为我不知道我所期望的是什么。
2.不知道如何解决这个问题，我写信向你求助。
Not knowing how to deal with the problem, I'm writing to ask for your help.
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3.so ... that引导结果状语从句
I have been so occupied with work that I haven't had time for social activities.
我一直忙于学习，以至于没有时间去搞社交活动。
3.杭州非常迷人因此许多游客不愿意走。
Hangzhou is so attractive that many visitors are unwilling to leave.
重点全突破
Part 1 重点单词
1.recommend vt. (recommended, recommended, recommending) 推荐；建议
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①(2016·天津卷) It was really annoying. I couldn't get access to the data bank you had recommended (recommend)．
②Eye doctors recommend that a child's first eye exam (should) be (be) at the age of six months.
③I recommended reading (read) the book before seeing the movie.
④I recommend her to think (think) twice before she makes a decision.
⑤I'd like to recommend the book for those who love travelling.for→to
(2)一句多译
我们建议每年检查机器。
⑥We recommend the machine (should) be checked annually.(宾语从句)
⑦It is recommended that the machine (should) be checked annually.(主语从句)
后记牢
(1)recommend doing sth.
建议做某事
recommend sb. to do sth.
建议某人做某事
recommend that sb. (should) do sth.
建议某人做某事
recommend sb. sth./ recommend sth. to sb. 向某人推荐某物
(2)follow one's recommendations
听从某人的建议
◆佳句The hotel within easy reach of the beach is highly recommended.强烈推荐离海滩很近的这家酒店。
2.requirement n．[C]要求；必要条件；需要(pl. requirements)
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
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①Firstly, I hold the firm belief that I am competent to meet your requirements (require)．
②These small trees require looking/to be looked (look) after carefully.
③Pilots and their aircraft must meet strict safety requirement.requirement→requirements
(2)一句多译
老师要求我们注意书写。
④Our teacher required us to pay attention to our handwriting.
⑤Our teacher required that we (should) pay attention to our handwriting.
后记牢
(1)meet/satisfy one's requirements
满足某人的要求
(2)require sb.to do sth. 要求某人做某事
require doing/to be done 需要被做
require that ... (should) do sth. 要求……
◆佳句It is required that all the students gather at the school gate at 7：00 a．m. and then go to the park on foot.所有学生都要在早上7点在校门口集合，然后步行去公园。
3.acknowledge vt. (acknowledged, acknowledged, acknowledging) 承认；确认；答谢
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①It is widely acknowledged (acknowledge) that students should be evaluated in terms of overall quality.
②He acknowledged being defeated (defeat) by his friend in the game.
③The candidate waved his hands to acknowledge for the cheers of the crowd.去掉for
(2)一句多译
他被认为是最佳球员。
④He is acknowledged as /to be the best player.(acknowledge as/to be)
⑤It is acknowledged that he is the best player.(it is acknowledged that)
后记牢
acknowledge doing sth. 承认做了某事
acknowledge sb./sth.to be/as ...
承认某人/某事……
It is acknowledged that ...
大家公认……
◆佳句It is a generally acknowledged fact that
过去分词作定语
he is not qualified for the job.他不胜任这个工作，这是公认的事实。
4.occupy vt. (occupied, occupied, occupying) 占用；占领；占据
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先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①(2017·天津卷)With the college entrance examination drawing near, I am occupied (occupy) preparing for it.
②Choosing an occupation (occupy) takes time, and there are a lot of things you have to think about.
③She keeps herself occupying with volunteer activities.occupying→occupied
(2)句式升级(按要求升级句式)
She was occupied in training all day, so she was tired out.
→④Occupied in training all day, she was tired out.(过去分词作状语)
→⑤Occupying herself in training all day, she was tired out.(现在分词作状语)
后记牢
(1)occupy oneself in doing sth.忙于(做)某事；专心(做)某事
(2)be occupied (in) doing sth. 忙于做某事
be occupied with sth. 忙于从事某事
keep sb.occupied 使某人忙碌
◆佳句 He would have attended your birthday party, but he occupied himself with an important experiment.他本来能参加你的生日晚会的，但是他忙于一个非常重要的实验。
5.comfort n. [U]舒适；安慰∥vt. (comforted, comforted, comforting) 安慰
先试做
单句填空/单句改错
①Were it not for science, we could not live a comfortable (comfort) life.
②He left me enough money to live in comfort the rest of my life.
③My teacher comforted (comfort) me and told me not to lose heart.
④Rose is really comfort to all of us. She brings us a lot of fun and happiness.comfort前加a
⑤All the rooms were comfortable furnished.comfortable→comfortably
后记牢
(1)be a comfort to ... 对……是安慰
in comfort/in the comfort of 舒适地；放松地
(2)comfort sb. for sth. 因某事安慰某人
comfort ... with ... 用……安慰……
(3)make yourself comfortable 别客气
◆佳句 You have done everything to make my life comfortable, for which I appreciate a lot.
你尽力使我生活得舒适，对此我十分感激。
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It is acknowledged that studying abroad is sometimes difficult for teenagers like you. As for my suggestions, I recommend that you occupy yourself with your study to meet your teacher's requirements, which will be surely a comfort to your parents. As far as I'm concerned, it will also help you fit in with your classmates if you participate in a variety of after-school activities.
Part 2 短语与句型
1．keep it up保持优秀成绩；继续干下去
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①You're doing very well everybody. Keep it up!
②The boss kept asking (ask) us to remember teamwork.
③Her illness kept her away work for days.away后加from
④You should study hard to keep up other students.up后加with
(2)单句写作
面对挑战，你最好保持良好的心态。
⑤Faced with challenges, you'd better keep up a good state of mind.
后记牢
keep up 保持；沿袭(风俗、传统等)
keep up with 赶上；不落在后面
keep (on) doing sth. 一直/继续做某事
keep ... out of 使……不进入；不惹事
keep away from 不(使)接近；远离
2.fit in相适应；相融合
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①He tried as much as he could to fit in but he could not because he missed his family.
②Personally speaking, I'm fit for the job.
③The water in the lake is fit to drunk.drunk→drink
④If my schedule permits, I'll fit you.you后加in
(2)单句写作
运动有助你保持健康，接触大自然。
⑤Sports can help you keep fit/healthy and get close to nature.
后记牢
(1)fit in (with ...) 适应；(与……)合得来
fit ... in/into 安排时间(见某人；做某事)；有足够的空间
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(2)be fit for/to do sth. 适合/胜任做某事
keep fit/healthy 保持健康
◆佳句 I'm convinced that you will soon fit in with your classmates.我相信你很快就会与你的同学们相处融洽。
Having settled in my new school, I gradually adjust myself to my new school life and am occupied with my studies day in and day out. Though it was the first time I had studied abroad, I fit in well with my classmates and determined to keep it up.
集训新思路
四 维 夯 基
本部分练习中加黑体词语是选修7 Unit 4的词汇复现，如有遗忘，请及时回顾。
Ⅰ.在空白处填入1个适当的单词或所给单词的正确形式——热考用法
1．That was the first time that I (participate) in the voluntary work.
答案与解析 had participated That was the first time that 从句谓语动词用过去完成时，故填had participated。
2．There were many interpreters at the party, many of I had known for years.
答案与解析 whom 定语从句先行词是interpreters，关系词在从句中作介词of的宾语，故用关系代词whom引导定语从句。
3．It is said that the remote country is abundant natural resources.
答案与解析 in be abundant in ...“富有……”。
4．It is required that the new employees (train) before they start to work.
答案与解析 (should) be trained It is required that主语从句谓语动词用“should do”形式，should可以省略；主语the new employees与train是被动关系，故用被动语态，填(should) be trained。
5．The only (qualify) you need for the job is to be strong enough to lift heavy boxes.
答案与解析 qualification 根据句中谓语动词is和设空前的The only可知该空填单数名词qualification。
6．Mary has exams in several subjects and has a lot of (revise) to do.
答案与解析 revision 设空前是短语a lot of，故该空应填名词，revision “复习”，是不可数名词。
7．The street runs parallel the railroad track.
答案与解析 to/with run parallel to/with ... “与……平行”。
8．It's well known that the universe (govern) by the laws of physics.
答案与解析 is governed 主语the universe与govern是被动关系，且“宇宙由物理学支配”，指科学事实，故用一般现在时的被动语态，填is governed。
Ⅱ.用括号内动词的正确形式填空——不规则变化
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1．I (think) that the author of the article knew far more than I did.
答案与解析 thought 宾语从句谓语动词是一般过去时，故主句谓语动词用一般过去时，填thought。think(认为)—thought—thought—thinking。
2．I should give my own opinion and explain it by (refer) to other authors.
答案与解析 referring 设空前是介词by，故填referring。refer to “参考；提到”。refer(提到；参考)—referred—referred—referring。
3．I got (lose) so I had to ask a passer-by for directions, otherwise I would have arrived on time.
答案与解析 lost 设空在句中作表语，应用过去分词形式，get lost “迷路”。lose(失去；迷失)—lost—lost—losing。
4．Most of the students last year (choose) to live with host families.
答案与解析 chose 句中时间状语是last year，故谓语动词用一般过去时，填chose。choose(选择)—chose—chosen—choosing。
Ⅲ.改正下列句子中的唯一错误——易错混用
1．There were long queue outside the shop at 5 a．m. on the day of the sale.
答案与解析 queue→queues 根据句子中的谓语动词were可知名词queue应用复数形式。
2．Since he arrived in Beijing, he has adjusted to eat Chinese food gradually.
答案与解析 eat→eating adjust to doing sth.“适应做某事”；该短语中to 是介词，后接名词、代词或动名词作宾语。
3．It was in the shop where I purchased the beautiful dress.
答案与解析 where→that 本句是强调句式，强调地点状语in the shop。
4．It is out of question that they will help those in need. They are so mean.
答案与解析 question前加the out of the question“不可能”；out of question“没问题”。
5．He has got used to live in the remote village without any modern conveniences.
答案与解析 live→living get used to doing sth. “习惯于做某事”，该短语中to 是介词。
6．My brother is very adaptable—he is settling well at his new school.
答案与解析 settling后加in settle in “安顿下来”。
Ⅳ.根据语境选出画线部分的正确含义——熟词生义
A. receive B. appreciate C. determined
1．We gratefully acknowledge the contributions of everyone who helped us. B
2．As is well known to us, prices are very much governed by market demand. C
小题补练
Ⅰ.语法填空
It was last summer that I 1. (begin) the biggest adventure of my life. I moved from a tiny city in England to Beijing, one of the largest cities in the world.
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As the plane touched down in Beijing, I felt it 2. comfort that I had finally arrived after months of careful planning. One of the first things I did was to visit the city's hutongs highly 3. (recommend) by my friends. Walking around the street, I enjoyed the warm air 4. was filled with the smell of delicious food.
Beijing couldn't be more different from my home city, Preston, which has one wide street 5. (measure) around 500 meters from one end to the other. On Sunday, all the shops close at 4：00 pm. There aren't a lot of 6. (choose) when it comes to restaurants, either. However, in Beijing, as a fan of food, I'm still 7. (occupy) in working my way through the city's countless restaurants to try to figure my favourite dish out.
I'm slowly getting used 8. the fast-paced lifestyle and different way of life. In the future, I hope to buy a motorbike and travel around the 9. (amaze) beautiful city, taking 10. (photo) and meeting new people along the way.
答案与解析
【语篇解读】 作者记述了从英国的一个小城来到中国北京的所见所闻和自己的梦想。
1．began 考查时态。句中时间状语是last summer, 故谓语动词用一般过去时，故填began。
2．a 考查冠词。此处comfort表“一件令人安慰的事情”， 其前加不定冠词a。
3．recommended 考查非谓语动词。recommend与hutongs是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词做定语。
4．which/that 考查定语从句。定语从句先行词是the warm air, 指物，从句中缺少主语，故用关系代词which/that引导定语从句。
5．measuring 考查非谓语动词。street与measure是逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词作定语。measure作“是……长/宽/高”讲时，是系动词，后接量的结果，不用于被动语态和进行时态，作定语应用现在分词形式。
6．choices 考查词形转换。设空在句中作主语，应用名词，又设空所在句谓语动词是aren't，故名词应用复数形式。故填choices。
7．occupied 考查词性转换。设空在句中作表语，表“忙碌的”，应用形容词occupied。
8．to 考查固定短语。get used to sth. “习惯于某物”， 该短语中to是介词。
9．amazingly 考查词性转换。设空在句中作状语修饰形容词beautiful，应用副词修饰，故填amazingly，意为“令人吃惊地”。
10．photos 考查名词的数。take photos “拍照”， 是固定短语。
Ⅱ.短文改错
Dear Andrew，
It is often the case, it is natural for you not to get used to live there. Here, I'd like to give you some suggestion.
First of all, you should respect the local customs and try to get involved in the natives' lives. Secondly, don't be afraid to communicate with American students, with who you can also make friends. Friendship will bring you happiness. What's more, it was better for you to join more outdoor activities with your friends.
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Those activities may help you relax and have a fun, that is of great benefit. Finally, mind your own manners and remain modest and honesty when getting along with your friends.
I sincere hope my advice will help. May you adapt to your new life and enjoy your stay there.
Yours，
Li Hua
答案与解析
Dear Andrew，
is often the case, it is natural for you not to get used to there. Here, I'd like to give you some
First of all, you should respect the local customs and try to get involved in the natives' lives. Secondly, don't be afraid to communicate with American students, with you can also make frienbds. Friendship will bring you happiness. What's more, it better for you to join more outdoor activities with your friends. Those activities may help you relax and have fun, is of great benefit. Finally, mind your own manners and remain modest and when getting along with your friends.
I hope my advice will help. May you adapt to your new life and enjoy your stay there.
Yours，
Li Hua
①It→As as is often the case “情况往往如此”，as引导非限制性定语从句指代后面主句的全部内容。
②live→living 考查非谓语动词。get used to意为“习惯于”，其中，to是介词，后面接名词或动名词作宾语，故应将live改为living。
③suggestion→suggestions 考查名词的数。suggestion是可数名词，意为“建议”，前面有some修饰，故要用名词复数形式。
④who→whom 定语从句先行词是American students，关系词在从句中作介词with的宾语，故用关系代词whom引导定语从句。
⑤was→is 结合短文整体语境可知该句是给Andrew提的建议，应用一般现在时。
⑥join后加in join后面接表团体，组织名称的名词作宾语；join in后接表活动等名词作宾语。
⑦去掉a fun是不可数名词，不和不定冠词连用，故a多余，应去掉。
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⑧that→which 分析句子结构可知本句是非限制性定语从句，关系词在从句中作主语，指代主句的全部内容，应用关系代词which引导非限制性定语从句。
⑨honesty→honest remain是系动词，意为“保持……状态，仍处于……状态”，后面接形容词作表语，故要将honesty改为honest。
⑩sincere→sincerely 修饰谓语动词hope应用副词sincerely作状语。
写 作 提 能
用本单元词汇、句式和语法知识写满分作文
假设你是李华，你的朋友Peter在中国留学，但是很难适应，写信向你求助，请按以下写作要点给他回信。
①表示难过；②提出合理化建议；③提出希望。
(一)根据提示利用本单元所学知识补全短文(无提示处请填写适当的过渡词汇：as far as I'm concerned、what's more)
Dear Peter,
I'm sorry to hear that ①you find it hard to adjust to living and studying in China (你发现很难适应在中国的学习和生活). My suggestions are as follows.
To begin with, take it easy. ❶②This is the first time that you have been in a foreign country (这是你第一次到国外), so it's natural for you to find it hard to settle in. ③I strongly recommend you to communicate more with your classmates/that you (should) communicate more with your classmates (我强烈建议你和你的同学们多交流), which will not only improve your spoken Chinese but also ④help you fit in with them (帮助你和他们相融合). ⑤What's more, studying in China can have your horizons broadened and ⑥give you a chance to experience abundant Chinese food culture(给你一个机会体验中国丰富的饮食文化).
⑦As far as I'm concerned, keep it up, and it will never be impossible for you to like living in China.
Yours，
Li Hua
(二)按要求升级词汇和句式
1．用本单元所学词汇升级加波浪线词汇
impossible→out of the question
2．按要求升级句式
用独立主格句式升级句式❶
This being the first time that you have been in a foreign country, it's natural for you to find it hard to settle in.
选修8
Unit 1 A land of diversity
基础巧回顾
见学生用书P193
单词巧练
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写准并记牢
高考与教材
重点单词
1.means n．手段；方法(单复数同形)
2.occur vi.发生；出现→occurred/occurred/occurring(过去式/过去分词/现在分词)
3.reform vt.& vi.改革；革新 n．[C，U] 改革；改造；改良
4.hire vt.&n. 租用；雇用
5.boom n．[C](人口、贸易的)繁荣 vi.处于经济迅速发展时期
6.slip vi.滑动；滑行；滑跤 n．[C] 滑动；滑倒
7.majority n．[U]大多数；大半→major adj.主要的 vi.主修 n．[C]专业→(反义词)minority n．[U]少数
8.elect vt.选择；决定做某事；选举某人→election n．[C，U]选举
9.distinct adj.清晰的；明显的；明确的→distinction n．[C，U]差别；区分；卓著
10.applicant n．[C]申请人→apply vi.申请→application n．[C]申请书；[U]申请
11.apparent adj.显而易见的；显然的；表面上的→apparently ad v.显然地；显而易见地
12.indicate vt.指出；标示；表明；暗示→indication n．[C]迹象→indicator n．[C]指示器；指示信号
阅读单词
13.grasp vt.&n.抓住；抓紧；掌握；领会
14.customs n．海关；关税；进口税
15.luggage n．行李
Ⅰ.高考与单句填空
1.(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)But is anyone listening? Apparently (apparent). Because we can watch the neighbours react.
2.(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)The majority (major) thought it was a trend.
3.(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)Please find my application (apply) letter and resume in the attachment.
4.(2014·全国卷Ⅰ)As they went down, the weather got worse. Then another trouble occurred (occur)．
5.(全国卷Ⅰ)I took my first uneasy look at what was to be my only means of transportation for several hours.
Ⅱ.教材与单句改错(每题最多2处错误)
1.Most applicant know that they have very little chance of getting a visa.applicant→applicants
2.We should draw distinction between right and wrong.distinction前加a
3.Of the first Spanish to go to California, the majority was religious men.was→were
4.The conductor couldn't control the situation and the tram slipping down the hill.slipping→slipped
5.In 1940, the civil authorities reform the system.reform→reformed
短语巧练
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写准并记牢
高考与教材
1.live on 继续存在；继续生存
2.by means of ... 用……办法；借助……
3.make a life 习惯于新的生活方式、工作等；谋生
4.keep up 坚持；维持；沿袭(风俗、传统等)
5.back to back 背靠背
6.team up with 与……合作或一起工作
7.mark out 用线画出范围；标出……界线
8.take in 包括；吸收；欺骗；理解
9.a great/good many 许多；很多
10.apply for 申请；请示得到
Ⅰ.高考与单句填空
1.(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)There will be a great many paper-cutting works in the exhibition.
2.(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)I've applied for a part-time job in order to broaden my horizons.
3.(2014·全国卷)Our school life will be challenging and you will try to make a life for yourself.
4.(全国卷)It was several minutes before I could take in what he said.
Ⅱ.教材与单句改错(每题最多2处错误)
1.There is a fascinating drive marking out for tourists.marking→marked
2.The customs and languages of the immigrants live in their new home.in→on
3.Sit back by back with your partner so you can't see each other.by→to
4.We teamed with a couple from my hotel and hired a car.teamed后加up
句式仿写
原句背诵
我会仿写
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1.It is likely that ...“有可能……”
However, it is likely that Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago.
然而，可能至少在15 000年前美洲土著人就住在加利福尼亚了。
2.That is why ...“那就是……的原因”
That is why today over 40% of Californians speak Spanish as a first or second language.
那就是今天有超过40%的加利福尼亚人把西班牙语作为第一或第二语言的原因。
3.It＋be＋过去分词＋that从句
It is believed that before long the mix of nationalities will be so great that there will be no distinct major racial or cultural groups.
人们认为，要不了多久，多种国籍的混合将非常之大，以至于明显的主要的种族或文化群体将不复存在。
1.对我们学生而言参观长城有可能是一次难忘的经历。
It is likely that a visit to the Great Wall for us students is an unforgettable experience.
2.他迷恋电脑游戏，那就是他被学校开除的原因。
He is addicted to computer games, and that is why he is removed from school.
3.人们普遍认为书的影响是如此之大，以至于人们应被鼓励阅读更多的书籍。
It is commonly believed that the influence of books is so great that people should be encouraged to read more books.
重点全突破
Part 1 重点单词
1.means n．手段；方法
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①(2017·江苏卷)Watching films is regarded as a/their good means of entertainment.
②They have tried all means, which possibly are (be) helpful, but unfortunately not a means has (have) worked so far.
③By no means was he satisfied with the job and he asked us to finish it by all means.
④Only in this means can you work out the problem.in→by
(2)一句多译
惩罚绝不是一个帮助学生身心成长的明智选择。
⑤Punishment is by no means a wise choice to help students grow up mentally and physically.
⑥By no means is punishment a wise choice to help students grow up mentally and physically.(倒装句)
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后记牢
a means of ... 一种……工具
by this means 用这种方法
by means of ... 用……方法；借助……
by no means 决不；一点也不(置于句首，主谓部分倒装)
by all means 务必； (用于交际英语表示同意)当然可以
◆提醒means是单复数同形的名词，其谓语动词的数取决于means前的修饰语。
◆佳句It is acknowledged that the cellphone is more than a means of communication.
人们公认手机不仅仅是一种通信工具。
2.majority n．(常用单数) 大多数；大半
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①I graduated from Peking University and majored (majority) in information management.
②An agreement seems to be impossible because the majority of the committee members is against it.is→are
(2)单句写作
在澳大利亚，白人占多数而土著人占少数。
③The white are in the majority in Australia while the native people in the minority.
后记牢
(1)a/the majority of＋名词复数
大多数……(谓语动词用复数)
be in the/a majority 占大部分/大多数
be in the minority 占少数
(2)major in ... 主修……；以……为专业
◆佳句(2016·天津卷)The majority of them take on online language test before starting their programme.在开始项目前他们中多数人在网络上进行语言测试。
3.occur vi. (occurred, occurred, occurring) 发生；出现
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①(2016·北京卷)Jack was working in the lab when the power cut occurred (occur)．
②It occurred her to adopt all possible means to solve the problem.occured后加to
(2)一句多译
她突然想到她有会议要参加。
③It occurred to her that she had a meeting to attend.(occur)
④It struck her that she had a meeting to attend.(strike)
⑤It hit her that she had a meeting to attend.(hit)
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后记牢
sth. occurs to sb. 某人突然想起某事
It occurs to/strikes/hits sb. that ... 某人突然想起……
It occurs to sb. to do sth. 某人突然想起做某事
◆佳句Cultural differences occur wherever you go.无论你到哪儿都存在着文化差异。
When it comes to taking a trip to the botanical garden, we can't decide on a perfect transportation means. Later, it occurs to me that a majority of our classmates think shared bikes are a more convenient transportation means.
Part 2 短语与句型
1．make a life习惯于新的生活方式、工作等；谋生
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①(2017·北京卷)Many people who live along the coast make a living in fishing industry.
②When Alice came to her life, she did not know how long she had been lying there.去掉her
(2)单句写作
新来的老师总是用他的幽默把课上得生动活泼。
③The new teacher really brought the class to life with his humour.
后记牢
make/earn a/one's living 谋生
come to life 苏醒；变得活跃
live/lead a ... life 过着……生活
come back to life 苏醒过来；恢复生气
bring ... to life 使……有趣/生动
◆佳句The man who can make a living by his hobby is happy.以爱好谋生的人是幸福的。
2.take in包括；吸收；理解；欺骗；收留
先试做
[一词多义]写出下列句中黑体部分的含义
①This is the total cost of the holiday, taking everything in.包括
②Don't be taken in by products promising to make you lose weight quickly.欺骗
③I found it easy to take in what the professor had said.理解
④(牛津P2059)He was homeless, so we took him in.收留
后记牢
bring in 引入；引进；请；赚钱
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break in 闯入；打断；插嘴
cut in 打断；插嘴；超车
put in 把……添进；投入；配备
◆佳句I'm sorry to cut in on you, but I can't put in the story.很抱歉打断你，但我不能添加这个故事。
3.That is why today over 40% of Californians speak Spanish as a first or second language.那就是今天有超过40%的加利福尼亚人把西班牙语作为第一或第二语言的原因。
句型公式 This/That is why ＋表语从句 “这/那就是……的原因”，用来表示原因。
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①Tom was very lazy. That was why he achieved nothing in his life.
②The reason why Tom was fired was because he was dishonest.because→that
(2)一句多译
(2017·北京卷满分作文)长江沿岸的风景美不胜收。因此我认为长江之行是更好的选择。
③The scenery along the river is amazing, and that's why I think the trip along the Yangtze will be a better choice.
④I think the trip along the Yangtze will be a better choice, and that's because the scenery along the river is amazing.
后记牢
This/That's because ...“这是/那是因为……”(because引导表语从句表示原因)。
The reason why ... is/was that ...“……的原因是……”(why引导的是定语从句，表语从句常用that引导，而不用because)。
◆佳句The reason why he has had such a great success is that he never gives up.他如此成功的原因是他从不放弃。
The tour takes in a great many tourist spots along the river, where the local people make a life by fishing and farming. You can team up with your friends to take a taxi to have a good view of the surrounding spots. And that's why I recommend the tour to you.
集训新思路
四 维 夯 基
本部分练习中加黑体词语是选修7 Unit 5的词汇复现，如有遗忘，请及时回顾。
Ⅰ.在空白处填入1个适当的单词或所给单词的正确形式——热考用法
1．The government is made up of men and women (elect) by the people of the country.
答案与解析 elected elect与men and women是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词作定语。
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2．I hope the fine weather will keep for the crops that need much sunshine.
答案与解析 up 根据语境“我希望这种好天气为需要更多日照的庄稼继续下去”可知该处是短语keep up“继续；保持”。
3．The education system, in my opinion, must (reform) as soon as possible.
答案与解析 be reformed 主语The education system与reform是被动关系，故用被动语态，设空前已有情态动词must，故填be reformed。
4．They had their last meal at an (Italy) restaurant.
答案与解析 Italian 设空后是名词restaurant，应用形容词作定语，故填Italian。
5．As far as I'm concerned, he was one of the 30 (apply) for the manager's work.
答案与解析 applicants 设空前是one of the 30，故该空应填名词复数形式，指“申请人”，故填applicants。
6．The old man's hand shook slightly as he (insert) the key into the lock.
答案与解析 inserted 在as引导的时间状语从句中，主句谓语动词是一般过去时，故从句谓语用一般过去时，填inserted。
7．As far as I'm concerned, there is no evidence (indicate) that he is a qualified tutor.
答案与解析 indicating evidence与indicate是逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词作定语修饰名词evidence。
8．He (grasp) the rope with both hands and managed to climb to the top.
答案与解析 grasped 设空在句中作谓语，且与句中已有谓语动词managed时态一致，应用一般过去时，故填grasped。
9．It is out of the question for him to team with his brother in the competition.
答案与解析 up team up with sb. “和某人合作”。
10．My mother said I had better pass my exams, otherwise she would sell the computer as a (punish)．
答案与解析 punishment 设空前是不定冠词a，故该空填名词punishment。
Ⅱ.用括号内动词的正确形式填空——不规则变化
1．Unfortunately, the sharp knife (slip) and cut my finger.
答案与解析 slipped 设空所填谓语动词与句中已有谓语动词cut时态一致，应用一般过去时，故填slipped。slip(滑落)—slipped—slipped—slipping。
2．Several abandoned babies (take) in by the nursing house last month.
答案与解析 were taken 主语Several abandoned babies与take in 是被动关系，故用被动语态；句中时间状语是last month，故谓语用一般过去时的被动语态，填were taken。take in “收留；吸收；理解”。take (带走)—took—taken —taking。
3．We didn't know how he would react to those events (occur) in the neighbourhood.
答案与解析 occurring events与occur是逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词作定语。occur(发生)—occurred—occurred—occurring。
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Ⅲ.改正下列句子中的唯一错误——易错混用
1．Every means have been used to help him fit in with his new friends.
答案与解析 have→has 根据means前的Every可知此处指“每一种方法”，故谓语动词用单数形式。
2．The shopkeeper also managed an inn and hired with several men to work for him.
答案与解析 去掉with hire是及物动词，后面直接接宾语，故介词with多余。
3．The student has good grasp of the main idea of the essay.
答案与解析 good前加a have a good grasp of sth. “对某事理解透彻”。
4．We are so thankfully for your wonderful lectures given to us.
答案与解析 thankfully→thankful 在句中作表语，应用形容词，故thankfully改为thankful。be thankful for sth. “感激某事”。
5．Successful people are always very intelligent. They can discover that others easily ignore.
答案与解析 that→what discover后的宾语从句中缺少宾语，指“什么”，故用what引导宾语从句。
6．The volleyball court has marked out on the grass recently.
答案与解析 has后加been 主语The volleyball court与mark out是被动关系，故用被动语态，故在has后加been。
Ⅳ.根据语境选出画线部分的正确含义——熟词生义
A. moved B. understand C. forgotten
1．I'm sorry I missed your birthday; it's completely slipped my mind. C
2．They failed to grasp the full meaning of the manager's words. B
写 作 提 能
用本单元词汇、句式和语法知识写满分作文
假设你是李华，你们班级计划去云台山游玩，请你写信邀请你的朋友Tom 一起游玩。内容包括：
①提出邀请；②交通方式、集合地点、出发时间和费用安排；③表达愿望。
(一)根据提示利用本单元所学知识补全短文
Dear Tom，
How is it going? ①The majority of our class elect to visit Yuntai Mountain (我们班大多数同学选择去参观云台山) this Saturday. I'm writing to invite you to join us.
②It occurs to us that we can team up to hire a bus to go there (我们想到我们可以合作租车去那里). ❶We believe ③this can apparently save us much money (显然能节省我们的钱).
We will meet at our school gate at 7：00 and set off at 7：20. Being active on Saturday morning, many classmates hope to climb Zhuyu Peak. Someone may feel tired, so we'd like to travel through Red Rock Valley that afternoon and play games at night. After seeing the waterfall on Sunday morning, we'll return. The total cost includes bus fares, entrance tickets and hotel accommodations, so I want to make sure how many students will participate.
④I would be thankful if you could tell me whether you'd like to go or not
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(如果你能告诉我你是否能来我将很感激)．
Yours，
Li Hua
(二)按要求升级词汇和句式
1．用本单元所学词汇升级加波浪线词汇
(1)many→a great/good many
(2)includes→takes in
2．按要求升级句式
用it作形式主语改写句❶
It is believed that this can apparently save us much money.
Unit 2 Cloning
基础巧回顾
见学生用书P198
单词巧练
写准并记牢
高考与教材
重点单词
1.obtain vt.获得；赢得
2.owe vt.欠(账、钱、人情等)；归功于……
3.bother vt.打扰 vi.操心 n．[U]烦扰
4.vain adj. 虚荣的；自负的；徒劳的
5.forbid vt.禁止；不准→forbade/forbidden(过去式/过去分词)→forbidden adj.被禁止的
6.object vi.反对；不赞成→objection n．[U，C]不赞成；反对；异议
7.strike vi.& vt.&n.打；撞击；罢工→struck (过去式)→struck/stricken (过去分词) →striking adj.迷人的
8.differ vi.不同；相异→different adj.不同的；与众不同的→difference n．[U，C]差异；不同
9.undertake vt.着手；从事；承担→undertook (过去式)→undertaken
Ⅰ.高考与单句填空
1.(2015·全国卷Ⅱ)It struck (strike)me that playing against the other team was a great moment for all the girls on the team.
2.(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)The workshop looks at every kind of comedy, and practices many different (differ) ways of making people laugh.
3.(2014·全国卷Ⅰ)Exactly (exact) when the potato was introduced into Europe is uncertain, but it was probably around 1565.
4.(2014·全国卷Ⅰ)How many adults, who complain about the long drives to work, eagerly drove for hours at a time when they first obtained (obtain) their drivers' licenses？
5.(全国卷)Although we've been delighted
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(过去分词)
10.accumulate vt.& vi.积累；聚积→accumulation n．[U]积累；增加
11.reasonable adj.合情理的；讲道理的；公道的→(反义词)unreasonable adj.不合情理的
12.resist vt.抵抗；对抗→resistance n．[U]抵抗；对抗→resistant adj.有抵抗力的；抵制的
13.retire vi.退休；离开→retired adj.退休的
阅读单词
14.breakthrough n．突破
15.attain vt.获得；到达
16.drawback n．缺点；不利条件
to have you as neighbours, we're hoping to settle something that bothers (bother) us.
6.(全国卷)So far the well-known journalist has accumulated (accumulate) more than 4,000 interviews with famous people.
Ⅱ.教材与单句改错(每题最多2处错误)
1.You owe to the lady an apology. I will forbid you leave unless you apologize for what you have done.去掉to; leave前加to
2.In many aspects natural clones, such as identical twins, do not differ greatly man-made ones.greatly后加from
3.Grey decided to move to the countryside and his wife made no objection for it.for→to
4.It is compulsory for a citizen to undertake on military service.去掉on
5.However, the problem that she later developed a serious lung disease bothered to scientists.去掉to
短语巧练
写准并记牢
高考与教材
1.pay off 得到好结果；取得成功；偿清
2.cast down 使失望；使沮丧
3.object to 反对
4.in favour of 赞成；支持
5.(be) bound to (do) ．.. 一定或注定(做)……
6.strike ... into one's heart 使……刻骨铭心
7.from time to time 不时；偶尔
8.bring back to life 使复生；使复活
9.in vain 白费力气；枉费心机
Ⅰ.高考与单句填空
1.(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)It is not avoidable that efforts are made in vain in the author's rescue work.
2.(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)The two poets' works had a great impact on the Tang poetry.
3.(2014·全国卷Ⅰ)Finally, that hard work paid off and now the water in the river is cleaner than ever.
4.(2014·全国卷)What I want you to realize is that everybody is likely to be in poor
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10.in good/poor condition 状况很好/坏；情况很好/坏
11.have a great impact on 对……有很大影响
condition.
Ⅱ.教材与单句改错(每题最多2处错误)
1.Dolly's death, like her birth, was bound to raising worries.raising→raise
2.Cloning scientists cast down to find that Dolly's illnesses were more appropriate to a much older animal.cast前加were
3.Extinct animals can possibly be brought back to their life through cloning.去掉their
4.The idea struck a mixture of fear and excitement to people's hearts.to→into
句式仿写
原句背诵
我会仿写
1.then 位于句首，句子用全部倒装语序。that引导同位语从句
Then came the disturbing news that Dolly had become seriously ill.
接着传来了多莉病重的坏消息。
2.The advantage is that ...“其优点是……”，that引导表语从句
The advantage is that if there is a new illness some of these animals may die, but others will survive and pass on the ability to resist that disease to the next generation.
其优点是如果发生某种新的疾病，这类动物中的一些可能会死掉，但是另外一些却能存活下来，并且把这种免疫力传给下一代。
1.接着传来我被北京大学录取的令人兴奋的消息。
Then came the exciting news that I was admitted into Peking University.
2.骑自行车上班的优势是我们可以同时得到锻炼。
The advantage of cycling to work is that we can work out at the same time.
重点全突破
Part 1 重点单词
1.object vi. (objected, objected, objecting) 反对；不赞成∥n.[C] (pl.objects) 物体；目标
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
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①We object to being blamed (blame) for what we haven't done.
②I firmly object the plan he put forward.object后加to
(2)一句多译
就我个人而言，我反对停车收费。
③In my view, I have an objection to charging for parking.(objection)
④As far as I'm concerned, I object to charging for parking.(object)
⑤In my opinion, I am opposed to charging/oppose charging for parking.(oppose/opposed)
后记牢
(1)object to sb./sth. 不赞成某人/某事
object to doing sth. 反对做某事
(2)have/make an objection to (doing) sth.
反对(做)某事
◆提醒object表“反对”时，是不及物动词，加宾语时需在其后加介词to。
◆佳句(牛津词典)If anybody objects, we'll put off the meeting.如果有人反对，我们就推迟会议。
2.forbid vt.(forbade, forbidden, forbidding) 禁止；不准
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①My father forbade smoking (smoke) during office hours.
②As is known to us, the students are forbidden (forbid) to stay out after 11 p．m.
③Photography is strictly forbade in the museum.forbade→forbidden
(2)句式升级(用分词作状语升级)
We were forbidden from going out, so we had to stay at home.
→④Forbidden from going out, we had to stay at home.
后记牢
forbid sb. sth. 禁止某人某事
forbid doing sth. 禁止做某事
forbid sb. to do sth./forbid sb. from doing sth. 禁止某人做某事
be forbidden to do sth. 被禁止做某事
(doing) sth. is forbidden (做)某事是被禁止的
◆提醒forbid后不能直接跟动词不定式作宾语，但可直接跟动名词作宾语，也可用forbid sb. to do sth.形式。
3.owe vt. (owed, owed, owing) 欠(账、钱、人情等)；归功于……；应感谢
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①He owes his good health to his healthy lifestyle.
②Mary will take care of the baby—she owes (owe) me a favour.
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③He owes to his father that he has been so successful.owes后加it
(2)词汇升级(用本单元所学高级词汇代替黑体词汇)
④Because of my lack of experience, I didn't do the work well.Owing to
后记牢
owe sb.sth.＝owe sth.to sb. 欠某人某物
owe ... to ... 把……归功于……
owe it to sb. that ... 多亏某人……
owing to 因为；由于
◆佳句I owe an apology to you for being unable to travelling with you.我无法和你去旅行，应该向你道歉。
4.bother vt. (bothered, bothered, bothering) 打扰；使苦恼 vi.操心∥n.① [U]烦扰；②[C](pl.bothers) 令人烦恼的事或人
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①Around two o'clock every night, Sue will start talking in her dream. It somewhat bothers (bother) us.
②Why bother going/to go (go) abroad to study, when there are so many good universities at home?
③You needn't bother yourself about/with such small things.
④He had some bothers finding a furnished flat.bothers→bother
(2)句式升级(按要求升级句式)
That I can't keep up with others bothers me.
→⑤It bothers me that I can't keep up with others.(用it作形式主语)
→⑥What bothers me is that I can't keep up with others.(用what主语从句)
后记牢
(1)bother sb. with/about sth. 为某事打扰或麻烦某人
bother doing/to do sth. 费心做某事
It bothers sb.that/to do sth. 使某人苦恼的是……
(2)have bother (in) doing sth. 费劲做某事
◆佳句I'm sorry to bother you with so many questions on such an occasion.在这种情况下，我还问了你这么多问题，给你添麻烦了。
5.strike vt.&vi. (struck, struck/stricken, striking) 打；撞击；罢工；袭击；报时；划(火柴)∥n.[C，U]罢工
先试做
(1)[一词多义]写出下列句中黑体部分的含义
①We were struck by her kindness. 打动
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②The solution struck me immediately. 使突然想到/想起
③The church clock began to strike five. (钟)报时
④The city was struck by a big earthquake last month. 突然袭击
⑤You'd better strike while the iron is hot. 打；撞击
(2)一句多译
给我印象最深的是当地人的热情。
⑥It was enthusiasm of the local people that struck me most.(强调句)
⑦What struck me most was the enthusiasm of the local people.(主语从句)
后记牢
(1)be struck by/with ... 被……击中；被……打动
It strikes sb. that ... 某人突然想起……
strike ... into one's heart 使……刻骨铭心
strike sb. as/being ... 给某人的印象是……
(2)be/go on strike 在/举行罢工
◆佳句Mountain Tai has struck its beauty into my heart; as a result, it strikes me that I will visit it again.泰山的美让我刻骨铭心，因此我突然想到我会再次游览泰山。
When it comes to human cloning, views differ from person to person. Some in favour of it think we should owe the advanced medical development to cloning. What strikes them is that one can be cloned if his or her health is in poor condition. However, those objecting to human cloning think it will bother people's normal daily life so it should be forbidden by law.
Part 2 短语与句型
1．pay off ①(及物)偿清；②(不及物)得到回报；取得成功
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①What delighted him was that he at last paid off all his debts.
②That I can pay for the help people give me makes me happy.for→back
(2)单句写作
(2017·全国卷Ⅱ满分作文)我想邀请你参观剪纸展览。
③I'd like to invite you to pay a visit to the paper-cutting exhibition.
后记牢
(1)pay for sth. 付某物的钱；为……付出代价
pay sb. for sth. 因某事物给某人报酬
pay back 偿还(欠款)；报复；回报
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(2)pay a visit to 参观；拜访
pay attention to 注意；留心
◆佳句We heard noises coming from upstairs, but we didn't pay much attention to them.
我们听到楼上有动静，但我们没太在意。
2.in good/poor condition 状况很好/坏；情况很好/坏
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①They agreed to lend us the car on condition that we returned it before the weekend.
②I don't care about the price; as long as the cellphone is in good conditions.conditions→condition
(2)句式升级(用倒装句式升级)
You should lose heart on no condition when you are in trouble.
→③On no condition should you lose heart when you are in trouble.
后记牢
working/living conditions 工作/生活环境
out of condition 健康状况欠佳
on condition that ... 在……条件下；倘若……
on/under no condition 决不(置句首，主谓部分倒装)
◆佳句My grandmother takes exercise every day, so that she is in good condition now.我奶奶每天都锻炼身体，因此她现在身体状况很好。
3.The advantage is that if there is a new illness some of these animals may die, but others will survive and pass on the ability to resist that disease to the next generation. 其优点是如果发生某种新的疾病，这些动物中的一些可能会死掉，但是另外一些却能存活下来，并且把这种免疫力传给下一代。
句型公式 The advantage is that＋表语从句，“优势是……”
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①The disadvantage of the area is that there is no public transport.
②The chance is one smoker in four will die of lung cancer.is后加that
(2)单句写作
汽车普及的缺点是它造成严重的空气污染。
③The drawback of the popularity of cars is that it brings about severe air pollution.
后记牢
The disadvantage/drawback of ... is that ... ……的缺点是……
The problem of ...is that ... ……的问题是……
The chances are that ... 很可能……
◆佳句The advantage/strength of smiling is that it can not only make us happy, but also please
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others.微笑的优势在于它不仅仅让我们高兴，还能取悦别人。
There is no doubt that we are bound to benefit a lot from the scientific advancements in many different ways. For one thing, the advantage of modern medicine is that it prolongs people's life and relieves sufferings in poor condition. For another, with the help of science, many people's efforts can pay off one day.
集训新思路
四 维 夯 基
本部分练习中加黑体词语是选修8 Unit 1的词汇复现，如有遗忘，请及时回顾。
Ⅰ.在空白处填入1个适当的单词或所给单词的正确形式——热考用法
1．Seeing Tom in those funny clothes, I was (able) to resist laughing.
答案与解析 unable 根据语境“我无法忍住笑”可知该处填able的反义词unable。
2．His parents tried to persuade him not to apply for the well-paid job, but their efforts were vain.
答案与解析 in in vain “白费力气；枉费心机”。
3．Though I left my hometown when I was only a child, from time time I still think of it.
答案与解析 to from time to time “不时；偶尔”。
4．India (attain) independence in 1947, after decades of struggle.
答案与解析 attained 句中时间状语是in 1947，故谓语动词用一般过去时，填attained。
5．I didn't say I want to buy it but (mere) asked for the price.
答案与解析 merely 设空在句中作状语修饰谓语asked，应用副词，故填merely。
6．John (obtain) his parents' permission before he went abroad.
答案与解析 had obtained 主句谓语动词所表示的动作先于从句谓语动作之前发生，表过去的过去，应用过去完成时，故填had obtained。
7．Equipped with modern facilities, today's libraries differ greatly those of the past.
答案与解析 from differ from ... “与……不同”。
8．It indicates that your argument is based on a completely false (assume)．
答案与解析 assumption 设空前是形容词，且此处指“一种完全错误的设想”，应用名词assumption。
Ⅱ.用括号内动词的正确形式填空——不规则变化
1．The other day, he (undertake) to finish the work, however difficult it might be.
答案与解析 undertook 句中时间状语是The other day，谓语动词用一般过去时，故填undertook。undertake (同意；接受)—undertook—undertaken—undertaking。
2．His hard work (pay) off when he got promoted.
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答案与解析 paid 从句谓语动词是一般过去时，故主句谓语用一般过去时，填paid。pay off “取得回报”。pay(付钱)—paid—paid—paying。
3．The fisherman (cast) his net into the water, opened a book and waited patiently.
答案与解析 cast 设空所填谓语动词与设空后的opened和waited是三个并列的动作，时态应一致，故设空处谓语动词用一般过去时，填cast。cast(投；扔)—cast—cast—casting。
4．These flowers (bring) my dull room back to life in the past days.
答案与解析 have brought 句中时间状语是in the past days, 故谓语动词用现在完成时，填have brought。bring ... back to life “使……恢复生机；使……复活”。bring(带来)—brought—brought—bringing。
5．The girl (strike) by a shark when she was surfing, recovered quickly from her injuries.
答案与解析 struck/stricken strike与The girl是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词作定语，填struck/stricken。strike(敲；打；划着)—struck—struck/stricken—striking。
6．Ever since that, my doctor (forbid) me to eat sugar.
答案与解析 has forbidden 句中时间状语是Ever since that，故谓语动词用现在完成时，填has forbidden。forbid(禁止)—forbade—forbidden—forbidding。
Ⅲ.改正下列句子中的唯一错误——易错混用
1．The authority strongly objects smoking in public places.
答案与解析 objects后加to object “反对”， 是不及物动词，后面不能直接接宾语，应加介词to。
2．Apparently, it is a perfectly reasonably explanation for his absence.
答案与解析 reasonably→reasonable 在句中作定语修饰名词explanation，应用形容词，故reasonably改为reasonable。
3．Ask her a good many questions to make sure we know exact what she wants.
答案与解析 exact→exactly 在句中作状语修饰谓语动词know，应用副词，故exact改为exactly。
4．I talked to my nephew about it, and he was in the favour of going there with us.
答案与解析 去掉the in favour of “赞同；同意”。
5．He will be able to make a life there short after that.
答案与解析 short→shortly 在句中作状语修饰介词短语after that，应用副词，故填shortly，意为“不久”。
6．The man couldn't resist show off his being hired by the big company.
答案与解析 show→showing can't resist doing sth. “忍不住做某事”，resist后接动名词作宾语。
Ⅳ.根据语境选出画线部分的正确含义——熟词生义
A. seemed to B. attacked C. chosen
1．(2017·天津卷完形)This combination of healing myself and healing the world struck me as the perfect solution. B
2．Music talents from many different countries were cast to play in the film. C
小题补练
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短文改错
Cloning is a process using to make an animal that is exactly like its parents. So far, scientists had cloned rabbits, sheep, cows, pigs and some other animal.
It's DNA that makes cloning possible. There is DNA in most living things, included human beings. Your DNA is the same in every part of your body. You have your own DNA, that is similar to your parents but not the same. However, Dolly's DNA is the same like that of the sheep she was cloned from.
There is no doubt cloning can help save those animals in the danger. It can also be very benefit to human beings. With its help, scientists are bound to exploring more ways to treat serious diseases. However, cloning could be used in some ways to harm society. So all governments should make laws to make sure it can be used properly.
答案与解析
Coning is a process to make an animal that is exactly like its parents. So far, scientists cloned rabbits, sheep, cows, pigs and some other
It's DNA that makes cloning possible. There is DNA in most living things, human beings. Your DNA is the same in every part of your body. You have your own DNA, is similar to your parents but not the same. However, Dolly's DNA is the same that of the sheep she was cloned from.
There is no doubt cloning can help save those animals in danger. It can also be very to human beings. With its help, scientists are bound to more ways to treat serious diseases. However, cloning could be used in some ways to harm society. So all governments should make laws to make sure it can be used properly.
①using→used use 与process是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词作定语。
②had→has 句中时间状语是So far，故谓语动词用现在完成时，故had改为has。
③animal→animals 根据animal前的some other可知可数名词animal应用复数形式。
④included→including including可看作介词，后接名词作宾语。
⑤that→which 非限制性定语从句先行词是your own DNA，指物，从句中缺少主语，故用关系代词which引导定语从句。
⑥like→as the same as “像……一样的”。
⑦doubt后加that there is no doubt that ...“毫无疑问……”。
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⑧去掉the in danger “处于危险中”。
⑨benefit→beneficial 在句中作表语，应用形容词，故benefit改为beneficial。be beneficial to ... “对……有益”。
⑩exploring→explore be bound to do sth. “注定或一定会做某事”。
写 作 提 能
用本单元词汇、句式和语法知识写满分作文
最近你班就是否发展克隆技术进行了讨论。请按以下写作要点写一篇短文。要点如下：
①支持： 克隆技术有益人类；②反对：引起伦理问题；③你的观点：……
(一)根据提示利用本单元所学知识补全短文(无提示处请填写适当的过渡词汇：however、in addition)
There has been a heated discussion about whether cloning technique should be developed. Opinions ①differ greatly from person to person (人与人观点分歧很大).
Some are for its development. ❶They believe that ②it will be bound to benefit us (这一定会让我们受益). ❷Large quantities of commercial food can be produced to meet people's needs, which is one of the advantages of cloning. ③In addition, we can also clone human body organs for medical use. On the contrary, ④others strongly object to it (另外一些人强烈反对). They feel depressed to find that it could raise a storm of moral questions.
⑤However, in my opinion, ⑥cloning will pay off as long as all undertake to use it properly (只要所有人正确利用克隆技术，克隆会取得成功)．
(二)按要求升级词汇和句式
1．用本单元所学词汇升级加波浪线词汇
(1)for→in favour of
(2)depressed→cast down
2．按要求升级句式
(1)用hold the belief同位语从句升级句❶
They hold the belief that it will be bound to benefit us.
(2)用表语从句升级句❷
One of the advantages of cloning is that large quantities of commercial food can be produced to meet people's needs.
Unit 3 Inventors and inventions
基础巧回顾
见学生用书P203
单词巧练
写准并记牢
高考与教材
重点单词
Ⅰ.高考与单句填空
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1.bear vt.忍受；忍耐；负担→bore/borne(过去式/过去分词)
2.seize vt.抓住；捉住；夺→(同义词)grasp vt.抓住；掌握
3.associate vt.联想；联系 n．[C]同伴；伙伴→association n．[C]联系；联想；协会；[U]交往
4.distinguish vi.& vt.显示……的差别；使……有所不同；辨别→distinguished adj.著名的；卓越的
5.passive adj.被动的；消极的；被动语态的→(反义词)positive adj.积极的
6.merciful adj.宽大的；仁慈的；慈悲的→(反义词)merciless adj.残忍的；无情的→mercy n．[U]宽恕；仁慈
7.convenient adj.便利的；方便的；就近的→(反义词)inconvenient adj.不便利的；不方便的
8.practical adj.实际的；实践的；实用的→(反义词)impractical adj.不明智的；不现实的
9.caution n．[U]小心；谨慎→cautious adj.小心的；谨慎的→cautiously ad v.小心地；谨慎地
10.abrupt adj.突然的；意外的→abruptly ad v.突然地
11.expectation n．[C，U]预料；期待；期望→expect v.预料；期待；期望
12.freezing adj.冰冻的；严寒的→freeze v.冰冻→froze/frozen/freezing(过去式/过去分词/现在分词)→frozen adj.冻结的
阅读单词
13.competence n．能力；胜任；本领 14.criterion n．(评判的)标准；尺度
15.innocent adj.清白的；天真的
1.(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)By the 1920s, wolves had practically (practical) disappeared from the Yellowstone area.
2.(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)We hope you will accept our invitation if it is convenient (convenience) for you.
3.(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)Many of the images were stored in an ice chest, under freezing (freeze) water, in the damaged wooden ship.
4.(2015·全国卷Ⅰ)They've been too badly hurt and they can't bear to let/letting (let) it happen again.
Ⅱ.教材与单句改错(每题最多2处错误)
1.He is most often associating with the invention of the telephone.associating→associated
2.Here was a chance for me to distinguish me by inventing something merciful that would catch snakes but not harm them.第二个me→myself
3.I cannot bear with the smell of burnt sausage on the barbecue.去掉with
4.They abrupt disappeared into a convenient hole in the wall.abrupt→abruptly
5.This time in great caution I bent down to examine the snakes.in→with
6.I collected the passively snakes and the next day we merry released them all back into the wild.
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passively→passive; merry→merrily
短语巧练
写准并记牢
高考与教材
1.set about 开始；着手
2.set out (to do) 开始(做)
3.now and then 偶尔；有时→(同义词)
occasionally ad v.偶尔
4.dive into 迅速把手伸入；一心投入
5.call up 给……打电话；使想起
6.hang on 不挂断；稍等；紧紧握住
7.get through 设法联系上(尤指打通电话)；(设法)做完；通过；度过
8.ring back 回复电话
9.ring off 挂断电话
10.out of order 次序颠倒；发生故障
Ⅰ.高考与单句填空
1.(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)We will set about learning (learn) some Tang poems in our next class.
2.(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)This will give you the confidence you need to get you through the afternoon and go home feeling accomplished.
3.(全国卷)We set out to paint (paint) the whole house but finished only the front part that day.
4.(全国卷)The saying concerning friendship calls up one unforgettable thing that I went through last year.
Ⅱ.教材与单句改错(每题最多2处错误)
1.Snakes come near the house now or then, and they seem to have made their home here.or→and
2.I'm sorry, but this phone is out of the order.去掉the
3.I must rang off now because I have something urgent to deal with.rang→ring
4.Leave the beaten track and dived into the wood. dived→dive
句式仿写
原句背诵
我会仿写
1.so ... that ...“如此……以至于……”，引导结果状语从句
The criteria are so strict that it is difficult to get new ideas accepted unless they are truly novel.
(评定)专利标准是很严格的，除非新的想法是真正新颖的，否则很难被接受。
2.“祈使句＋and/or/otherwise＋陈述句”结构
Follow it up, explore all around it, and before
1.她那么努力以至于英语取得了很大的进步。
She is so hardworking that she has made great progress in English.
2.给我一次机会，我会给你一个惊喜。
Give me a chance, and I'll give you a wonderful surprise.
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you know it, you will have something worth thinking about to occupy your mind.
跟踪下去，不断探索，不知不觉中，你就会发现某种值得思考的东西占据着你的头脑。
重点全突破
Part 1 重点单词
1.distinguish vt.&vi. (distinguished, distinguished, distinguishing) 显示……的差别；使……有所不同；辨别
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①As we all know, Lang Ping has already distinguished herself as a great volleyball coach in the world.
②The twins are so alike, so it's difficult to distinguish one from the other.
③To be honest, I admire your distinguishing achievements.
distinguishing→distinguished
(2)句式升级(用分词作状语升级)
Because it is distinguished for its attractive scenery, Hangzhou witnesses large numbers of tourists every year.
→④Distinguished for its attractive scenery, Hangzhou witnesses large numbers of tourists every year.
后记牢
(1)distinguish between ...and ...区分/辨别……和……
distinguish ... from ... 使……有别于……
distinguish oneself (as ...)(作为……)表现突出
(2)be distinguished for ... 因……而出名
be distinguished as ... 作为……而出名
◆佳句Reading good books can not only enrich our minds but also teach us to distinguish between right and wrong.阅读好书既能丰富我们的头脑又能教我们分辨是非。
2.bear vt.(bore, borne, bearing) ①(与can/could连用，用于否定或疑问句)忍受；忍耐；②负担；③生育
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①He couldn't bear being laughed/to be laughed (laugh) at in public.
②Bearing (bear) a heavy burden, she has to work hard to raise her children.
③He can't bear people to smoking when he's eating.smoking→smoke
(2)词汇升级(用本单元所学高级词汇升级黑体词汇)
④My mother often reminds me to remember that failure is the mother of success.bear/keep in mind
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后记牢
(1)bear doing/to do sth. 忍受做某事
bear sb. doing sth. 忍受某人做某事
(2)bear a heavy burden/the blame/the responsibility 承担重担/责任
(3)bear/keep ... in mind 记住……
bear/keep in mind that ... 记住……
◆佳句He returned, bearing good news.
他带着好消息回来了。
3.associate vt. (associated, associated, associating) 联想；联系
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①Classical music isn't only associated (associate) with the old.
②I won't have you associating these bad people.associating后加with
(2)一句多译
有很多环境问题与污染有关。
③There're many environmental problems which/that are associated with pollution.
(用定语从句)
④There're many environmental problems associated with pollution.
(用分词作定语)
⑤There're many environmental problems in association with pollution.
(用介词短语作定语)
后记牢
(1)associate ... with ... 把……和……联系在一起
associate with sb. 与某人交往或打交道
be associated with ... 和……有关
(2)in association with ... 与……合伙/合作
◆佳句We are working in association with a local company to raise money for the homeless.
我们与一家当地公司联合为无家可归的人筹钱。
Great inventions change the world and they help people live a better life. We all know that inventors are all distinguished for their scientific achievements, such as Alexander Graham Bell and Thomas Edison. As we know, inventors often associate their new ideas with their new inventions. Bear in mind that if you work hard and be creative you can also invent your new things.
Part 2 短语与句型
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1．call up给……打电话；使……回忆起
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①The picture called up memories of our class trip.
②Their travel plan was called off because of the bad weather.
③Mr. White was to call on my house after he finished his speech.on→at
(2)单句写作
该活动旨在号召学生每天锻炼一小时。
④The activity was aimed to call on students to take exercise for an hour every day.
后记牢
call at 拜访(某个地点)
call on/upon 拜访(某人)；号召
call for 需求；需要；去接(某人)
call off 取消；停止
call in 召集
◆佳句Success in school calls for much hard work.在学校的成功需要付出大量的辛勤工作。
2.get through设法联系上(尤指打通电话)；(设法)做完；通过；度过；用完；耗尽
先试做
(1)[一词多义]写出下列句中黑体部分的含义
①I managed to get through my work in time. (设法)做完
②I tried phoning him, but I couldn't get through to him.打通电话
③She found writing helped her get through the rough days.度过
④Luckily, he got through the exam and his efforts paid off.通过
⑤The little boy got through all his money in just one week.用完
(2)单句写作
毕业是个感谢在艰难的岁月中帮助过你的人们的美好时刻。
⑥Graduation is a good time to thank those who have helped you through the tough years.
后记牢
(1)through prep. 穿过；遍及；(做)完；经由；从头到尾
(2)break through 冲破；突破
go through 穿过；经历；浏览；检查；被通过
look through 浏览；仔细检查
pull through (使)恢复健康；(使)渡过难关
see through 看穿；识破
◆佳句(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)I myself went through this searching process and found something that has changed
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my experience at college for the better.我亲身经历了这个探索过程并找到了使我的大学经历更美好的东西。
3.Follow it up, explore all around it, and before you know it, you will have something worth thinking about to occupy your mind. 跟踪下去，不断探索，不知不觉中，你就会发现某种值得思考的东西占据着你的头脑。
句型公式 祈使句(be/动词原形)＋and/or/otherwise＋陈述句
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①A bit more effort, and you will settle (settle) the problem.
②Seize the chance and you will regret it.and→or/otherwise
(2)句型转换
If you work hard, you will make great progress.
③Work hard, and you will make great progress.
④Working hard, you will make great progress.
后记牢
be/动词原形/Don't＋动词原形＋and＋陈述句＝if ...，＋主句
be/动词原形/Don't＋动词原形＋or/otherwise＋陈述句＝if ... not，＋主句
名词词组＋and＋陈述句
◆提醒 上述方框中各结构后面的陈述句多用一般将来时。
◆佳句Be here on time, or you'll be punished.
按时到，否则你会受到惩罚。
The latest inventions displayed in the exhibition called up my memory. In the past, the old-fashioned telephone was often out of order and people often failed to get through. Thankfully, make use of the latest cellphone, and you can contact others whenever you want.
集训新思路
四 维 夯 基
本部分练习中加黑体词语是选修8 Unit 2的词汇复现，如有遗忘，请及时回顾。
Ⅰ.在空白处填入1个适当的单词或所给单词的正确形式——热考用法
1．The poem is bound to be (associate) with the beauty called Xishi.
答案与解析 associated be associated with ... “与……有联系”。
2．The thief dived the woman's pocket, stole the wallet, and could be found nowhere.
答案与解析 into dive into “迅速把手伸入”。
3．The boy set out (repair) the telephone which was out of order.
答案与解析 to repair set out to do sth.“着手做某事”，不定式作宾语。
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4．Having made up his mind, he set about (undertake) the plan.
答案与解析 undertaking set about doing sth. “着手做某事”。
5．It is such cold and (freeze) weather that we have to stay at home.
答案与解析 freezing 设空后是名词weather，应用形容词修饰，故填freezing，意为“严寒的；冰冷的”。
6．I'd like to bother you when it is (convenience) to you.
答案与解析 convenient 设空在句中作表语，应用形容词，故填convenient。when it is convenient to sb. “某人方便的时候”。
7．The decoration style was out of Harry's (expect).
答案与解析 expectation 设空前是名词所有格，故该空填名词。out of one's expectation“出乎某人的意料 ”。
8．What the retired teacher is doing is (mercy) and considerate.
答案与解析 merciful 设空在句中作表语，指“仁慈的”，应用形容词merciful。
Ⅱ.用括号内动词的正确形式填空——不规则变化
1．I felt cast down when he (ring) off suddenly.
答案与解析 rang 主句谓语动词是一般过去时，故从句谓语用一般过去时。ring off “挂断电话”。ring (打电话)—rang—rung—ringing。
2．As the clerk went to look for the manager, I (hang) up.
答案与解析 hung as引导的时间状语从句谓语动词是一般过去时，故主句谓语用一般过去时。hang up “挂断”。hang (悬挂)—hung—hung—hanging。
3．Look, the manager (tap) his feet to the music.
答案与解析 is tapping 根据句中的Look可知设空所填谓语表现为正发生的动作，应用现在进行时，故填is tapping。tap(轻拍；轻敲)—tapped—tapped—tapping。
4．Last month, the driver finally (bear) the losses caused by the accident.
答案与解析 bore 句中时间状语是Last month, 故谓语动词用一般过去时。bear (承担；忍受)—bore—borne—bearing。
5．The man (freeze) as he heard the unexpected news.
答案与解析 froze 从句谓语是一般过去时，故主句谓语用一般过去时，填froze。freeze(呆住；冻住)—froze—frozen—freezing。
Ⅲ.改正下列句子中的唯一错误——易错混用
1．He was seizing Mary by her arm when I saw him.
答案与解析 her→the seize sb. by the arm“抓着某人的胳膊”，表身体部位的名词前应用定冠词the。
2．All of us can't bear people dropped litter everywhere.
答案与解析 dropped→dropping bear sb. doing sth. “容忍某人做某事”。
3．We are in favour of the idea that we should swim with cautious.
答案与解析 cautious→caution with caution “谨慎地；小心地”。
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4．Can you bother to tell me how to make myself understand better in my broken English？
答案与解析 understand→understood understand与myself是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词作宾补。make oneself understood “使自己被理解”。
5．I got through him and was told that he was in good condition.
答案与解析 through 后加to get through to sb. “给某人打通电话”。
6．Pressing the button and the door opens by itself.
答案与解析 Pressing→Press 此处是祈使句句式，应用动词原形。
Ⅳ.根据语境选出画线部分的正确含义——熟词生义
A. support B. make sense of C. put up with
1．Jane was quick to seize the meaning of what the teacher said at the meeting. B
2．The ice is too thin to bear your weight, I think. A
小题补练
短文改错
Last weekend, I went to visit my English teacher, who was already in his fifty. He gives me a lot of help when I was a junior middle school student. Delightful to see me, he asked my senior middle school life. Then he advised me to make fully preparations for the coming entrance examination. It was so a pleasure to see him again that I didn't notice it was pretty later. I had to say goodbye to each other.He is not only a good teacher but my close friend. Wherever I will go, I will always treasure a time that I spent with my teacher.
答案与解析
Last weekend, I went to visit my English teacher, who was already in his . He me a lot of help when I was a junior middle school student. to see me, he asked my senior middle school life. Then he advised me to make preparations for the coming entrance examination. It was a pleasure to sec him again that I didn't notice it was pretty
had to say goodbye to each other.He is not only a good teacher but my close friend. Wherever I go, I will always treasure time that I spent with my teacher.
①fifty→fifties in one's fifties“在某人五十多岁的时候”是固定词组搭配。故fifty改为fifties。
②gives→gave 根据语境可知，短文描述的是上周的事情，应用一般过去时。故gives改为gave。
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③Delightful→Delighted 在句中作状语，说明主语he的状态，表“高兴的”应用delighted。故Delightful改为Delighted。
④my前加about ask sb. about sth.“询问某人某事”。故my前加about。
⑤fully→full 修饰名词preparations，应使用形容词。故fully改为full。make full preparations for ... “为……做好充分准备”，在该短语中preparation应用复数形式。
⑥so→such such＋a＋单数名词＋that ...“如此……以至于……”为固定句型。本句中心词是名词pleasure，故so改为such。so是副词，其后紧跟形容词或副词。
⑦later→late later“后来的”；late“晚的”。句意：我没有注意到已经很晚了。故later改为late。
⑧I→We 此处指“我们不得不说道别了”。故I改为We。
⑨去掉will 让步状语从句中，主句用一般将来时，则从句用一般现在时表一般将来时。故去掉will。
⑩a→the time后为that从句，此处特指“和我的老师度过的时光”。故a改为the。
写 作 提 能
用本单元词汇、句式和语法知识写满分作文
假设你是李华，你从当地一家网站上看到一则招聘设计部助手的广告，请你给负责人写一封求职信，内容包括：
①自我介绍；②个人优势；③希望得到回复。
(一)根据提示利用本单元所学知识补全短文(无提示处请填写适当的过渡词汇：meanwhile、what's more)
Dear Sir or Madam，
I have learned that your designing department is in need of an assistant. I would like you to consider me for the position.
①I have set about designing (我着手设计) things since I was young. In the past two years, ②I have been diving into designing (我一直潜心设计)and have won first prize in the designing competition. ③What's more, ④I can bear the hard training and like to associate with others (我能忍受艰苦的训练而且喜欢与人交往). ⑤Meanwhile, I am familiar with computer operation and office softwares, which can help me finish my work well.
I think ⑥I can fully live up to your expectations (我完全达到您的期望). ❶I would be grateful if you could consider employing me.
Yours，
Li Hua
(二)按要求升级词汇和句式
1．用本单元所学词汇升级加波浪线词汇
finish→get through
2．按要求升级句式
用祈使句升级句❶
Consider employing me, and I will be grateful.
Unit 4 Pygmalion
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基础巧回顾
见学生用书P208
单词巧练
写准并记牢
高考与教材
重点单词
1.betray vt.显露出(本来面目)；背叛
2.overlook vt.俯视；忽视；不理会
3.compromise n．& vi.妥协；折衷
4.fortune n．[U]机会；运气；[C]大笔的钱→fortunate adj.幸运的→fortunately ad v.幸运地→(反义词)unfortunate adj. 不幸的
5.hesitate vi.犹豫；踌躇→hesitation n．[U，C]犹豫；踌躇
6.remark n．[C]谈论；言论；评述 vt.& vi.谈论；评论；说起→remarkable adj.卓越的；非凡的；值得注意的
7.disgusting adj.使人反感的；令人厌恶的→disgust vt.使厌恶；使反感→disgusted adj.厌恶的
8.mistaken adj.(见解或判断上)错误的；不正确的→mistake n．& v.错误；误会
9.rob vt.抢劫；盗窃；剥夺→robbery n．[U]抢劫(行为)→robber n．[C]强盗；盗贼
10.adaptation n．[U]适应(性)；[C]改编本→adapt v.改编；(使)适应
11.classify vt.把……分类；把……归类→classification n．[U，C]分类；归类
12.properly ad v.适当地；恰当地→proper adj.适当的→(反义词)improperly ad v.不适当地
13.uncomfortable adj.不舒服的；不安的；不自在的→(反义词)comfortable adj.舒适的；舒服的
阅读单词
14.acquaintance n．相识；了解；熟人 15.status n．身份；地位；职位
Ⅰ.高考与单句填空
1.(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)A few students hesitated to start (start)．
2.(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)Today, we are fortunate (fortune) to have a special guest with us.
3.(2015·全国卷Ⅰ)If you've been betrayed (betray), you are the victim of your circumstance.
4.(2015·全国卷Ⅲ)I think you should take it somewhere to have it mended properly (proper)．
5.(全国卷)Teenagers can write and make music using a computer programme in the comfort of their own bedroom.
Ⅱ.教材与单句改错(每题最多2处错误)
1.I'd never have come if I'd known about this disgusted thing you want me to do.disgusted→disgusting
2.But you cannot overlook with that！去掉with
3.But they betray them every time they open their mouths.them→themselves
4.And I came to England to make your acquaintances！acquaintances→acquaintance
5.There you are and you were born in
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16.condemn vt.谴责；使……注定
Lisson Grove if I'm not mistake.mistake→mistaken
短语巧练
写准并记牢
高考与教材
1.pass ... off as ... (把某人)改变或冒充成……
2.make one's acquaintance/make the acquaintance of 结识；与……相见
3.generally speaking 一般来说
4.in terms of ... 就……来说；从……角度
5.rob sb.of sth. 抢劫某人某物
6.show ... in/out 带或领……进来/出去
7.once more 再一次
8.fade out (声音、画面)逐渐模糊；渐淡
9.in need of 需要……
10.in amazement 震惊；惊讶
Ⅰ.高考与单句填空
1.(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)By joining the team, you can make the acquaintance of some great players.
2.(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)If you are in need of any help, just don't hesitate to call me.
3.(2016·四川卷)Generally (general) speaking, they can expect to live six or seven years more than men.
Ⅱ.教材与单句改错(每题最多2处错误)
1.I'll say you're the greatest teacher alive if you can pass her as a lady.her后加off
2.She is in the need of both grammar and pronunciation.去掉the
3.She stared at the priceless antique ring in an amazement.去掉an
句式仿写
原句背诵
我会仿写
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1.be of＋抽象名词表“具有某种特征或属性的”
Will that be of any use to you？
那对你有用吗？
2.状语从句的省略形式
While watching, he made notes.
看的时候，他做笔记。
3.形容词短语在句中作状语
Henry Higgins and Colonel Pickering are sitting deep in conversation.
亨利·希金斯与皮克林上校正坐着进行深入的交谈。
1.这个地图很有价值。
The map is of great value.
2.他阅读时，划出重点。
While reading, he underlined the key points.
3.全神贯注地读书，他没注意到玛丽走进屋子。
Deep in reading, he didn't notice Mary come into the room.
重点全突破
Part 1 重点单词
1.hesitate vi. (hesitated, hesitated, hesitating) 犹豫；踌躇
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①She hesitated about/over/at/in the choice between the two books.
②Out of everybody's expectation, she didn't hesitate accept the job.hesitate后加to
(2)一句多译
如果我帮得上忙的话，请不要迟疑联系我。
③If I can be of any help, please don't hesitate to contact me.(hesitate)
④If I can be of any help, please contact me without hesitation.(hesitation)
⑤If I can be of any help, please have no hesitation in contacting me.(hesitation)
后记牢
(1)hesitate to do sth. 迟疑做某事
hesitate about/in/at/over (doing) sth. (做)某事犹豫不决
(2)without hesitation 毫不犹豫地
have no hesitation in doing sth. 毫不犹豫地做某事
◆佳句I have no hesitation in recommending my classmate to you.我毫不犹豫地向你推荐我的同学。
2.fortune n．①[C] (pl.fortunes) 财产；大笔的钱；②[U]机遇；运气
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①Red is a fortunate (fortune) colour in Chinese culture.
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②Nowadays many young people dream of making fortune in big cities.making后加a
③Fortunate, no one was hurt in the big fire.Fortunate→Fortunately
(2)一句多译
最近，我有幸到南非旅游。
④Recently, I was fortunate enough to travel/in travelling to South Africa.(fortunate)
⑤Recently, I had the good fortune to travel to South Africa.(fortune)
后记牢
(1)a large fortune 一大笔钱
seek/try one's fortune找出路；碰运气
make a fortune 发财
have the good fortune to do sth. 有幸做某事
(2)be fortunate (enough) to do 有幸做某事
be fortunate in doing sth. 有幸做某事
◆佳句If you don't work hard, no fortune will come.如果你不努力，机遇不会来的。
3.remark n．[C]谈论；言论；评述 vt.&vi. (remarked, remarked, remarking) 谈论；评论；说起
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①I can't deny that her remarks on/upon the problem hurt me.
②He showed remarkable (remark) competence when he faced the tough problems.
③The little girl plays the piano remarkable well.remarkable→remarkably
(2)一句多译
对他人的相貌评头论足是不礼貌的。
④It's impolite to make a remark on/upon others' appearance.(remark n．)
⑤It's impolite to remark on/upon others' appearance.(remark v.)
后记牢
(1)remark on/upon ... 谈论/评论……
make a remark/remarks on/upon ... 对……发表评论/看法
(2)remarkable adj. 非凡的；显著的
◆佳句The teacher made a remark on my essay, adding that it was well written, which made me proud.老师评论我的文章写得很好，这让我很自豪。
4.acquaintance n．相识；了解；熟人
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①Larry is the only one of my classmates who is acquainted (acquaintance) with the old song.
②He has some acquaintance with German, but he doesn't speak it fluently.
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③It was in the city that I made an acquaintance of my best friend.an→the
(2)一句多译
我熟悉当地的文化和风俗。
④I've had some acquaintance with the local cultures and customs.(acquaintance)
⑤I've been acquainted with the local cultures and customs.(acquainted)
⑥I have acquainted myself with the local cultures and customs.(acquaint)
后记牢
(1)make one's acquaintance＝make the acquaintance of sb. 结识某人
have acquaintance with sb. 与某人认识/有交情
have an /some acquaintance with sth. 了解某事
(2)acquaint oneself with sth. 使熟悉，使了解
be acquainted with 熟悉
◆佳句I can make the acquaintance of people who share the same interest through this activity.通过这个活动，我能认识和我兴趣相投的人。
People remark that many young people are seeking their fortune in big cities. When seeking for a job, a university graduate is at a disadvantage in terms of working experience. In this case, some never hesitate to ask for their acquaintances' help when in trouble.
Part 2 短语与句型
1．in terms of ...就……来说；从……角度
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①It's a mistake to think of Florida only in terms of its tourist attraction.
②It's hard to come to terms with the fact that he is unemployed.
③We were on good term with everyone in the village.term→terms
(2)单句写作
学习并不总是那么简单，但从长远看它总是有益的。
④Learning is not always easy, but it is always beneficial in the long term/run.
后记牢
come to terms with 达成协议；和好；接受；对待
be on good/bad terms 关系良好/不好
in the long/short term/run 就长期/短期而言
◆佳句It is a small country in terms of size and population, but it stands out in terms of creativity.就大小和人口而言这是个小国家，但是却独具创造性。
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2.Will that be of any use to you? 那对你有用吗？
句型公式 主语＋be of＋抽象名词
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①The boy prefers to make friends with those of his age.
②What he said at the meeting was of very valuable.去掉of
(2)一句多译
这部字典对你的英语学习大有益处。
③The dictionary will be of great benefit to your English learning.(benefit)
④The dictionary will be very beneficial to your English learning.(beneficial)
后记牢
(1)of＋value/significance/importance/use等表抽象意义的名词＝be＋该名词对应的形容词，名词前可用great、no、little、much等词修饰。
(2)of＋size/colour/height/length/weight/age/shape/quality等表人或物的属性的名词，在句中作表语或定语。
◆佳句In my personal view, it is of great significance for us to have dinner with our friends.
我个人认为，和朋友吃饭对我们来说意义重大。
In terms of learning English, he has made quite an acquaintance of English. He, generally speaking, is in urgent need of much practice in order to speak more fluently. However, only when he was shown in to a big English Party did he realize that the ability to speak fluent English is of great importance.
集训新思路
四 维 夯 基
本部分练习中加黑体词语是选修8 Unit 3的词汇复现，如有遗忘，请及时回顾。
Ⅰ.在空白处填入1个适当的单词或所给单词的正确形式——热考用法
1．Unless (ask) to answer questions, the pupils won't talk in Mrs Smith's class.
答案与解析 asked ask与the pupils 是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词作状语。
2．He merrily pulled out a (hand) of coins from his pocket.
答案与解析 handful 设空前是冠词a，设空后是介词of，故设空应填名词handful，a handful of “一把”。
3．I was wearing a heavy overcoat and (wool) gloves but I still felt vey cold.
答案与解析 woollen 设空后是名词gloves，应用形容词作定语修饰，故填woollen。
4．The light faded as the candles burnt themselves out, one by one.
答案与解析 out 根据语境“烛光随着蜡烛一支一支燃尽逐渐减弱”可知该处是短语fade out “逐渐模糊；渐淡”。
5．That was not the first time he (betray) us. I think it's high time we set about punishing
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him.
答案与解析 had betrayed That was the first time (that)从句谓语动词用过去完成时，故填had betrayed。
6．As far as I'm concerned, lack of competence condemned him (lose) his job.
答案与解析 to lose condemn sb. to do sth. “使某人注定做某事”。
7．It is (disgust) that he always calls me up when I am having classes.
答案与解析 disgusting 设空在句中作表语，说明事情“令人厌烦的”，应用形容词disgusting。
8．Tom arrived at class late again, which made him awkward and (comfort).
答案与解析 uncomfortable 设空在句中作宾补说明宾语him的状态，应用形容词，且根据设空前的awkward可知“迟到使他尴尬而且不自在”，故填comfortable的反义词uncomfortable。
9．You need a lot of patience and understanding to be a good parent because the kids can be (trouble) at times.
答案与解析 troublesome 设空前是系动词，故设空在句中作表语，表“带来麻烦的；使人心烦的”，应用形容词troublesome。
10．Kate (remark) that it was amazing how much her kids knew about science.
答案与解析 remarked 从句谓语动词是一般过去时，故主句谓语动词用一般过去时，故填remarked。
Ⅱ.用括号内动词的正确形式填空——不规则变化
1．He (rob) last night, but fortunately he didn't have much on him then.
答案与解析 was robbed 句中时间状语是last night，故谓语动词用一般过去时；主语He与rob是被动关系，故用一般过去时的被动语态，填was robbed。rob(抢劫)—robbed—robbed—robbing。
2．As is often the case, the books in the library (classify) according to subject.
答案与解析 are classified 主语the books与classify是被动关系，故用被动语态；且根据从句谓语动词is可知此处应用一般现在时的被动语态，故填are classified。classify(分类)—classified—classified—classifying。
3．The guests (show) in if they don't know how to find the art show hall.
答案与解析 will be shown if引导的条件状语从句谓语动词是一般现在时，故主句谓语动词用一般将来时；主语The guests与show in 是被动关系，故用一般将来时的被动语态。show sb. in “带或领某人进来”。show(展示)—showed—shown/showed—showing。
4．He (sob) when I found him in the room.
答案与解析 was sobbing 根据语境可知设空所表示的动作是过去某时正发生的动作，应用过去进行时，故填was sobbing。sob(啜泣)—sobbed—sobbed—sobbing。
5．He (mistake) me for someone else before he realized.
答案与解析 had mistaken 主句谓语动词所表示的动作发生在从句谓语动词realized之前， 表过去的过去，应用过去完成时，故填had mistaken。mistake (弄错)—mistook—mistaken—mistaking。
Ⅲ.改正下列句子中的唯一错误——易错混用
1．He is superior than the other students in the class in cleverness.
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答案与解析 than→to be superior to ... “比……优秀”。
2．I thought I saw someone I knew, but I must have been mistake.
答案与解析 mistake→mistaken 在句中作表语，指“错误的”，应用形容词mistaken。
3．For convenience, we set out to classify the students by four groups.
答案与解析 by→into classify ... into ...“把……分成……”。
4．We seized one of the thief with the help of some local people.
答案与解析 thief→thieves 根据thief前的one of the可知可数名词thief应用复数形式。
5．The company had failed to train their workers proper.
答案与解析 proper→properly 修饰非谓语动词to train 应用副词作状语，故形容词proper改为properly。
6．Generally speaking, the problem can not overlooked in learning.
答案与解析 overlooked前加be 主语the problem与overlook是被动关系，故用被动语态。含有情态动词的被动语态形式是“情态动词＋be＋done”， 故在overlooked前加be。
Ⅳ.根据语境选出画线部分的正确含义——熟词生义
A. imitate B. observe C. ignore
1．The teacher asked the class to remark the author's writing styles. B
2．Jane decided to overlook his rudeness as if nothing had happened. C
小题补练
语法填空
George Bernard Shaw was interested in the way 1. people spoke. He argued that he was never mistaken about a person's status. However, Professor Higgins thought a superior social position was more dependent on grammar and pronunciation. Actually, his view was only accepted by 2. handful of his followers. Eliza, a flower girl, was ambitious to improve herself. 3. (force) to earn money herself because her family was poor, she dreamed of working in a proper flower shop. George Bernard Shaw teamed 4. with Professor Higgins to help her. An English teacher 5. (hire) to give her lessons. But after her first lesson, Eliza was 6. (apparent) disappointed because the teacher was so impatient with her.
Actually, Eliza didn't give it up easily. 7. (look) ahead, she decided to work hard. Knowing it was impossible to be accepted in that profession if she did not speak correct English, she asked Professor Higgins to give her 8. (lesson). 9. (train) for several months, she set out to speak in a more attractive accent. Shortly, she became 10. (know) as the “London songbird” because her spoken English became so pleasant.
答案与解析
1．that 考查定语从句。定语从句先行词是the way, 从句中缺少方式状语，故用关系代词that引导定语从句。
2．a 考查冠词. a handful of “几个”。
3．Forced 考查非谓语动词。force与she是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词作状语。
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4．up 考查动词短语。team up with ... “与……合作”。
5．was hired 考查时态和语态。设空所填谓语动词表过去的动作，应用一般过去时，且主语An English teacher与hire是被动关系，故用一般过去时的被动语态。
6．apparently 考查词性转换。设空在句中作状语修饰形容词disappointed, 应用副词，故填apparently。
7．Looking 考查非谓语动词。she 与look ahead是逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词作状语。
8．lessons 考查名词的数。give sb. lessons “给某人授课”。
9．Having been trained 考查非谓语动词。train与she是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词作状语；又根据句中的for several months可知train所表示的动作先于主句谓语动词之前发生，应用过去分词的完成式作状语。故填Having been trained。
10．known 考查非谓语动词。become known as ... “作为……而著名”。
写 作 提 能
用本单元词汇、句式和语法知识写满分作文
假设你是李华，你的朋友Frank在听了特朗普的外孙女流利的中文后，对学习汉语很感兴趣，写信向你征求建议，请按以下写作要求回信。内容如下：
①学习汉语的好处；②合理的学习方法；③如有必要，随时帮助。
(一)根据提示利用本单元所学知识补全短文(无提示处请填写适当的过渡词汇：therefore、generally speaking)
Dear Frank，
I'm glad to know that you wish to learn Chinese language and culture in a university here. I believe it is a good chance to ①have some acquaintance with the cultural differences (懂得一些文化差异) between our two countries. Through cross-cultural communication, you are sure to have your horizons broadened.
②Generally speaking, Chinese is not easy to learn but with right methods and your efforts you can make progress quickly. ③Therefore, do take advantage of this opportunity to deepen your understanding of Chinese culture and practise speaking Chinese with your Chinese teachers and fellow learners as much as possible. ❶Reading the local papers and watching TV programmes will also be beneficial to you ④in terms of reading and listening (就阅读和听力来说)．
⑤Don't hesitate to turn to me (不要犹豫向我求助) in case you are ⑥in need of help (需要帮助)．
Yours，
Li Hua
(二)按要求升级词汇和句式
1．用本单元所学词汇升级加波浪线词汇
right→proper
2．利用“be＋of＋名词”句式升级句❶
Reading the local papers and watching TV programmes will also be of benefit to you in terms of reading and listening.
Unit 5 Meeting your ancestors
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基础巧回顾
见学生用书P213
单词巧练
写准并记牢
高考与教材
重点单词
1.interrupt vt.& vi.打断……讲话；打岔；暂时中断或中止
2.somehow ad v.以……方式；不知怎么地
3.alternative n．[C]选择 adj.供选择的；其他的→alternatively ad v.供选择地
4.arrest vt.逮捕；(熟词生义)吸引；抑制；阻止
n. [C，U]逮捕；拘留
5.assume vt.假定；设想；(熟词生义)承担→assuming conj.假设→assumption n．[C]设想；假定
6.significance n．[C，U]意义；意思；重要性；重要意义→significant adj.重要的
7.sharpen vi.& vt. (使)锋利；尖锐；清晰→sharp adj.锋利的；尖锐的→sharply ad v.急剧地；严厉地
8.messy adj.凌乱的；脏的→mess n．[C]凌乱；脏(常用单数)
9.ripen vt.& vi. (使)成熟→ripe adj.成熟的
10.starvation n．[U]挨饿；饿死→starve vi.挨饿；饿死
11.division n．[U]分割；划分；分配；[C]分界线→divide v.分割；划分；分配
12.accuracy n．[U]精确；准确→accurate adj.准确的；精确的→accurately ad v.准确地；精确地
阅读单词
13.accelerate vi.& vt.加速；促进
14.applaud vi.& vt.鼓掌欢迎；赞赏
Ⅰ.高考与单句填空
1.(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)A woman excused the interruption (interrupt) and handed me an envelope.
2.(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)I have no alternative but to turn (turn) to you for help.
3.(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)Powerful, yes, but not always accurate (accuracy). For years I dealt with my travel agent only by phone.
4.(全国卷) Hardly had Sabrina finished her words when Albert said sharply (sharp)，“Don't be so mean.”
5.(2017·北京卷)Hannah's Place is divided (divide) into several areas, providing shelter for people when it is so cold.
Ⅱ.教材与单句改错(每题最多2处错误)
1.She had almost reached her destination when a delicious smell arresting her progress.arresting→arrested
2.They didn't grow their own crops, but picked fruit when it was ripened and hunted animals.去掉was或ripened→ripe
3.So we think it is reasonable to assuming they lived in these caves,
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15.systematic adj.有系统的；有计划的；有条理的
regardless of the cold.assuming→assume
4.It seems that they used the sharpening stone tools to cut up animals and remove their skin.sharpening→sharpened
5.It is quite a difficult and mess task.mess→messy
短语巧练
写准并记牢
高考与教材
1.regardless of 不管；不顾
2.at most 至多；最多
3.cut up 切碎；伤心
4.fed up with 受够了；饱受；厌烦
5.look ahead 向前看；为将来打算
6.date from/back to 追溯到……
7.keep out 关在门外；不准入内
8.be aware of 知道；意识到
9.with relief 欣慰地
10.in spite of 尽管
Ⅰ.高考与单句填空
1.(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)We've got 72 hours at most, so I am always conscious of time.
2.(全国卷Ⅰ)I went to a group activity, “Sensitivity Sunday” which was to make us more aware of the problem faced by disabled people.
Ⅱ.教材与单句改错(每题最多2处错误)
1.They might have hung animal skins at the cave mouth to keep out of the cold during the freezing winter.去掉of
2.He stopped when he felt the scrapers were sharp enough to cut in the meat. in→up
3.In spite the song's popularity, the band deleted it from their new album. spite后加of
句式仿写
原句背诵
我会仿写
1.if only虚拟语气，意为“要是……就好了”
If only it could be just like last year！
要是能跟去年那样该多好呀！
2.only to do sth.“不料；结果……”，动词不定式作结果状语，表示意料不到的情况
Abruptly she sat down, only to be scooped up by her laughing, shouting sister, Luna.
1.今年春节全家能团圆就好了！
If only the whole family could get together during the Spring Festival this year！
2.他们匆忙赶到机场，不料却被告知航班推迟了。
They hurried to the airport, only to be told the flight was put off.
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她突然坐了下来，结果却被爱吵闹的妹妹露娜一把抱了起来。
重点全突破
Part 1 重点单词
1.alternative adj.供选择的；其他的∥n.[C](pl. alternatives ) 可能的选择；选择对象
先试做
(1)单句改错
①The new plan provides an alternative of the previous one.of→to
(2)词汇升级(用本单元所学高级词汇升级黑体词汇)
②There're many other approaches to learning English.alternative
(3)一句多译
我们不得不勇敢地直面失败并从中吸取教训。
③We have no alternative/choice but to face failure bravely and learn from it. (alternative/choice)
④We can do nothing but face failure bravely and learn from it.(can do nothing)
后记牢
(1)have no alternative but to do sth.＝have no choice but to do sth./can do nothing but do sth./have nothing to do but do ... 别无选择只好做某事
there's no alternative ... ……别无选择
an alternative to ... ……的替代品
(2)alternatively adv. 可选择地；或者
◆佳句 As far as I'm concerned, there's no alternative but to adopt alternative solutions.
就我而言，别无选择只好采用其他办法。
2.assume vt. (assumed, assumed, assuming) 假定；设想
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①We're working on the assumption (assume) that you will come.
②Assumed our plan is turned down, what'll you do？Assumed→Assuming/Assume
(2)一句多译
人们认为，压力是工作过重所致。
③People assume stress to be caused by too much work.(assume ... to do)
④People assume that stress is caused by too much work.(assume that)
⑤It is assumed that stress is caused by too much work.(it作形式主语)
⑥People make the assumption that stress is caused by too much work.(assumption)
后记牢
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(1)assume sb./sth.to be 假定/假设某人/某事为
It is assumed that ... 据认为……
(2)make an assumption 认为；假定
on the assumption that ... 假定……
(3)assume/assuming (that) ... 假设……
◆佳句 I made a mistake and I'll assume responsibility for it.我错了，我愿为此承担责任。
3.significance n．[C，U] 意义；意思；重要性；重要意义
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①As time goes by, I attach more significance (significant) to doing what I am doing now.
②It is said to be a highly significantly discovery.significantly→significant
(2)一句多译
练习书法对学生的成长有重要意义。
③Practising handwriting is very significant to the students' growth.(significant)
④Practising handwriting is of great significance to the students' growth. (significance)
后记牢
(1)be of (great/no/little) significance to ... 对……(很/不)重要
attach (great) significance to ... 认为……(很)重要
(2)It is significant that ... 很明显……
◆佳句 It's significant that people attach greater significance to taking regular exercise.
很明显人们更加重视经常锻炼。
It is generally assumed that we can well preserve those ancient buildings which are of great significance. However, many people sometimes do something illegal to damage those buildings. Anyhow, there is no alternative but to take measures to protect those ancient buildings from any harm.
Part 2 短语与句型
1．regardless of 不管；不顾(侧重指不计后果和代价)
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①You will hurt others if you say what you think, regardless of other people's feelings.
②Despite of the high mountains, the doctors and nurses rushed to the scene of the accident for the rescue.去掉第一个of
(2)单句写作
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关于阅读，有句名言说得好：“读书使人明智”。
③With regard to reading, there is a saying that reading makes a wise man.
后记牢
(1)regardless of强调“不认为……重要”，从而不加以重视或考虑，其后可接whether、what引导的从句。
(2)despite/in spite of意为“尽管……但是……”，其后一般不接从句。
as regards/with regard to 关于；至于
◆佳句(2016·天津卷)Regardless of your choice of course, you'll develop your language ability both quickly and effectively.不管你选择什么课程，你会又快又高效地培养你的语言能力。
2.date back to (＝date from) 追溯到……
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①Every year, a good many tourists are attracted to visit the old tower which dates (date) back to the eleventh century.
②According to the expert, the temple has a history dated from the early Tang Dynasty.dated→dating
(2)单句写作
我从学生时代就开始爱好集邮。
③My interest in stamp collecting dates from/back to my school days.
后记牢
(1)go back to 追溯到……
(2)up to date 时髦的
out of date 过时的
to date 至今；到目前为止◆提示 ①date back to/date from一般无进行时态和被动语态；②谈论现在的某一物品时，常用一般现在时态；③作后置定语时，用现在分词形式。
3.If only she had looked ahead and planned better this year! 她今年要是早有预见，计划得更好些就好了！
句型公式 if only sb. had done sth. “要是某人做过某事就好了”。
先试做
(1)单句填空/单句改错
①Look at the trouble I am in. If only I had followed (follow) his advice!
②I'm in great need of a house of my own. If only I have enough money to buy one.have→had
(2)单句写作
要是我能生活在一个没有空气污染的世界就好了。
③If only I could live in a world free of air pollution！
后记牢
(1)if only ... did ... 表示与现在事实相反的愿望
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(2)if only ... had done ...表示与过去事实相反的愿望
(3)if only ... could/would/might do ...表示对将来事情的愿望(不用should)。
(4)only if“只要/只有”，位于句首，主句用部分倒装。
◆佳句In a word, only if you learn English by using it can you learn it well.总之，只有通过使用英语的方法学英语，你才能学好它。
There is an old temple in my hometown, which dates back to Ming Dynasty. The temple is of great significance to the study of the history of that period. We have no alternative but to protect it regardless of various difficulties. If only there were no person trying to damage it！
集训新思路
四 维 夯 基
本部分练习中加黑体词语是选修8 Unit 4的词汇复现，如有遗忘，请及时回顾。
Ⅰ.在空白处填入1个适当的单词或所给单词的正确形式——热考用法
1．The room is so (mess) for I haven't had time to clear it up.
答案与解析 messy 设空前是系动词is，故设空处应填形容词作表语，故填messy。
2．The car (accelerate) smoothly and then disappeared in the distance.
答案与解析 accelerated 设空所填谓语动词与句中已有谓语动词disappeared时态一致，应用一般过去时，故填accelerated。
3．I think there is no reason for (divide) the company into smaller units at present.
答案与解析 dividing 设空前是介词for，故设空应填动名词作介词宾语。
4．As the saying goes, “A workman must (sharp) his tools if he is to do his work well.”
答案与解析 sharpen 设空在句中作谓语，应用动词，表“削尖；使锋利”，应用sharpen，设空前是情态动词must，故填动词原形。
5．Many beautiful plants from all over the world can be found in the (botany) garden.
答案与解析 botanical 设空后是名词garden，故设空处应用形容词作定语修饰garden。
6．It is impossible to say with (accurate) how many people are in need of help.
答案与解析 accuracy 设空前是介词with，故设空处应填名词。accurate的名词是accuracy。with accuracy 意为“准确地”。
7．The man, who is superior in the company, is most thirty years old.
答案与解析 at at most “最多”。
8． is reported, the two sides have compromised in solving the conflict.
答案与解析 As as引导定语从句，置于句首，指代主句的全部内容，as此时意为“正如”。
Ⅱ.用括号内动词的正确形式填空——不规则变化
1．Kevin cleared his throat and (spit) on the path.
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答案与解析 spat 设空所填谓语动词与and前一句中的谓语动词cleared时态一致，故用一般过去时，填spat。spit(吐痰)—spat—spat—spitting。
2．There is a sign which says no (spit).
答案与解析 spitting no spitting “不准随地吐痰”。
3．I (feed) the child last night because my wife was out.
答案与解析 fed 从句谓语动词是一般过去时，故主句谓语用一般过去时，填fed。feed(喂养)—fed—fed—feeding。
Ⅲ.改正下列句子中的唯一错误——易错混用
1．If he takes on this work, he will have no alternative but meet an even greater challenge.
答案与解析 meet 前加to have no alternative but to do sth.“别无选择只得做某事”。
2．Our work interrupted once more, so we didn't finish it on time.
答案与解析 interrupted前加was 主语Our work与interrupt 是被动关系，故用被动语态； so后句子中谓语动词是一般过去时，故并列句中谓语用一般过去时的被动语态，故在interrupted前加was。
3．The boy became very skillfully at whistling.
答案与解析 skillfully→skillful 在句中作表语，表“熟练的”，应用形容词。be skillful at doing sth. “做某事很熟练”。
4．It was shocking that the professor was arresting for his remarks.
答案与解析 arresting→arrested the professor与arrest是被动关系，故用被动语态，故arresting 改为arrested。
5．I'm fed up this uncomfortable weather; it's time we had some sunshine.
答案与解析 up后加with be fed up with “受够了；饱受；厌烦”。
6．Unfortunately, he rode along a dark road, only be robbed of his wallet.
答案与解析 only后加to only to do 意为“结果……”，不定式作状语表出乎意料的结果。
Ⅳ.根据语境选出画线部分的正确含义——熟词生义
A. stop B. shade C. upset
1．Taller trees interrupt the views from the house, so the owner wants to cut some trees down. B
2．Mr. Smith was badly cut up by the sudden death of his child. C
3．They are trying to make a new medicine to arrest the spread of the disease. A
小题补练
Ⅰ.语法填空
The quake-hit Jiuzhaigou National Park will regain 1. (it) beauty, although it may take a long time for the UNESCO World Heritage site 2. (recover)from the earthquake.
The national park contains around 20 tourist 3. (site), and is known 4. its spectacular waterfalls, lush forest, serene plateau lakes, karst rock formations. A 7.0-magnitude quake 5. (strike) Jiuzhaigou County last month, 6. made many fear the region'
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s breathtaking scenery had been destroyed forever.
However, geologists are 7. (optimism) about nature's ability to recover from disasters. “The lakes were 8. (original) formed by earthquakes. This quake may change the landforms within the region, but it can also 9. (view) as part of the rebuilding process，” said an official of the Chinese Institute of Geo-Environment Monitoring. An evaluation of the ecosystem 10. reconstruction of the scenic area have begun.
答案与解析
【语篇解读】 九寨沟遭遇七级地震，许多人担忧该地区令人叹为观止的美景被永远破坏，但专家认为九寨沟美景可恢复。
1．its 考查代词。设空后是名词beauty，应用形容词性物主代词修饰，故填its。
2．to recover 考查非谓语动词。it takes/took sth./sb. some time to do sth. “花……多长时间做某事”。根据该句式可知该空填不定式。
3．sites 考查名词的数。根据设空前的数词20可知可数名词site应用复数形式。
4．for 考查介词。be known for ... “因……而闻名”。
5．struck 考查动词时态。句中时间状语是last month, 故谓语用一般过去时。strike“袭击”的过去式和过去分词分别为struck, struck。
6．which 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知该句是非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语；关系词指代主句中的全部内容，应用关系代词which引导非限制性定语从句。
7．optimistic 考查词性转换。设空在句中作表语，应用形容词，故填optimistic。be optimistic about ... “对……乐观”。
8．originally 考查词性转换。设空在句中作状语修饰谓语formed，应用副词，故填originally, 意为“最初地”。
9．be viewed 考查语态。主语it与view是被动关系，故用被动语态。设空前已有情态动词can，故该空填be viewed。
10．and 考查连词。An evaluation of the ecosystem和reconstruction of the scenic area是并列主语，故用并列连词and。
Ⅱ.短文改错
Once there had a wooden pagoda (塔) in my village. It had a history of over eight hundreds years. It was such beautiful and famous that many tourists came to visit it every year. They took photos, write down their names on the walls and even threw rubbishes everywhere.
Later the pagoda was destroyed because of a fire in the forest nearby it. The villagers had to spend a great deal of money build another pagoda, that looked like the old one. Now ever since then, not only the villagers been trying to protect the pagoda but also the tourists have been trying his best not to cause damage to it.
答案与解析
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Once there a wooden pagoda (塔) in my village. It had a history of over eight years. It was beautiful and famous that many tourists came to visit it every year. They took photos, down their names on the walls and even threw everywhere.
Later the pagoda was destroyed because of a fire in the forest 或 They villagers had to spend a great deal of money another pagoda, looked like the old one. Now ever since then, not only the villagers have the villagers been trying to protect the pagoda but also the tourists have been trying best not to cause damage to it.
①had→was there be 句型be 动词不能用has，have或had等助动词代替。
②hundreds→hundred 表“百、千、万”等的hundred, thousand, million等数词前如有具体的数词，应用单数形式。
③such→so 该句型中中心词是beautiful and famous，应用副词so 修饰。so＋adj.＋that ...“如此…….以至于……”。
④write→wrote “照相”、“写名字”和“扔垃圾”是三个并列谓语，表过去的动作，应用一般过去时，故write改为wrote。注意write的过去式、过去分词和现在分词分别是wrote, written和writing。
⑤rubbishes→rubbish rubbish“垃圾”，是不可数名词，没有复数形式。
⑥nearby→near或去掉it nearby 在本句中是副词，其后不加宾语，故去掉代词it。nearby作形容词，意为“附近的”，置于被修饰词的前后都可以。near“接近；靠近”，作介词，后面可接宾语。
⑦build→building spend money doing sth. “花钱做某事”，动名词作宾语。
⑧that→which 非限制性定语从句先行词是another pagoda, 指物，定语从句中缺少主语，故用关系代词which引导定语从句。that不能引导非限制性定语从句。
⑨only后加have not only 置于句首，主谓用部分倒装形式，句中时间状语是ever since then，故谓语用现在完成进行时。故only后加助动词have。
⑩his→their but also 句中的主语是tourists，故代词应用their。
写 作 提 能
用本单元词汇、句式和语法知识写满分作文
假设你是李华，你所在班级对是否应该耗费精力和时间考古进行了辩论。你写信给你的好友Jack 介绍此次辩论，内容如下：
①辩论内容和你的观点；②古代文明的贡献和意义。
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(一)根据提示利用本单元所学知识补全短文
Dear Jack，
I'm writing to tell you about the debate on whether we should spend time and energy on archaeological work. In my opinion, I ①applaud for the view (为这个观点喝彩) that we should do research on the ancient civilization.
Firstly, ②as we all know/as is known to all (众所周知), it's their using stones to make tools and drilling woods to make fire that bring about today's civilization. Besides, there were amazing inventions that ③date from/date back to ancient age (追溯到古代). ④If only we could find out (要是我们能查明……就好了) why they came into being; ❶it would be very important for today's life.
I hope my opinions can help you.
Yours，
Li Hua
(二)按要求升级词汇和句式
1．用本单元所学词汇升级加波浪线词汇
important→significant
2．将句❶升级为“be＋of＋名词”句式
it would be of great importance for today's life
第二部分 语法专题
专题一 复杂多变的动词
第1讲 谓语动词 见学生用书P217
一、动词的时态和语态
A组 单句填空
1．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)Sarah says, “My dad thinks I should take the offer now. But at the moment, school (come) first.”
答案与解析 comes 句意：萨拉说：我的爸爸认为我现在该接受这份工作，但是目前学业是最首当其冲的。根据句中已存在的谓语动词says和thinks可判断出，该空应用一般现在时。主语是第三人称单数，故谓语用单数形式，填comes。
错解分析 学生容易受句中时间状语now和at the moment的影响误填现在进行时。
2．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)Sarah (tell) that she could be Britain's new supermodel earning a million dollars in the new year.
答案与解析 has been told/was told 句意：萨拉被告知她可以成为英国新的超模，第二年就可以收入一百万美元。Sarah与tell之间是被动关系，故用被动语态。此处可以用一般过去时表过去发生的动作，也可用现在完成时，表过去发生的动作对现在的影响。
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错解分析 学生在考虑动词的时态时，常忽略语态，如此题容易误填told。因此考虑动词的时候要从句意出发，考虑动作的主语和动词之间是主动还是被动关系。
3．(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)So it was a great honour to be invited backstage at the not-for-profit Panda Base, where ticket money helps pay for research, I (allow) to get up close to these cute animals at the 600-acre centre.
答案与解析 was allowed 句意：……我被允许在这个占地600亩的中心接触这些可爱的动物。分析句子结构可知，该处应填谓语动词。主语I与动词allow之间是被动关系，根据前一分句中的谓语动词was可知，此处叙述的是过去的事情，需用一般过去时，故该处用一般过去时的被动语态，填was allowed。be allowed to do sth. “被允许做某事”。
4．(2015·全国卷Ⅰ)This cycle (go) day after day: The walls warm up during the day and cool off during the night.
答案与解析 goes 句意：这个循环日复一日：墙壁白天升温，晚上冷却。句中时间状语day after day 常与一般现在时连用；由冒号后的句子中的谓语动词warm up 和cool off可知，该处用一般现在时。需要记住的短语day after day “日复一日”。
5．(2015·全国卷Ⅰ)It was raining lightly when I (arrive) in Yangshuo just before dawn. But I didn't care.
答案与解析 arrived 句意：当我正好在拂晓前到达阳朔时，天正下着小雨。该空是when引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词，根据主句中的谓语was raining可知，该空谓语动词用一般过去时。
B组 单句改错
6．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)When summer came, they will invite their students to pick the vegetables！
答案与解析 came→comes 句意：当夏天来临时，他们就会邀请他们的学生来摘新鲜的蔬菜。主句是一般将来时，故when引导的时间状语从句谓语动词用一般现在式。
7．(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)Some people even had to wait outside. My uncle tells me that the key to his success is honesty.
答案与解析 had→have 根据后一句中的谓语动词tells和is可知，该句谓语动词用一般现在时。
8．(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)Every day he makes sure that fresh vegetables and high quality oil are using for cooking.
答案与解析 using→used use和本句主语是动宾关系，即vegetables和oil是被使用的，故应用被动语态。be used for doing sth.“被用来做某事”。
9．(2015·全国卷Ⅱ)A woman saw him crying and telling him to wait outside the shop.
答案与解析 telling→told 由and可知，此处和谓语动词saw并列，故用一般过去时。
重点一
一般现在时与一般过去时★★★★★
一般现在时和一般过去时是近几年语法填空和短文改错题必考的语法项目，而且考查的均是最基本的用法。
1．一般现在时
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(1)表示习惯性、经常性发生的动作或存在的状态，常与表示频度的时间状语连用，如usually、often、always、sometimes、every day等。
On Monday morning it usually takes me an hour to drive to work.
周一早上我通常花一小时开车上班。
(2)表示客观事实、真理、格言或者警句等。
(3)表示按照时间表、计划安排好的或者规定的行为，只限于go、come、leave、start、stop、arrive、begin、return、open、close等表示动作趋向性或移动意义的词。
My dream school starts at 8: 30 a．m. and ends at 3: 30 p．m.
我梦想的学校上午八点半上课，下午三点半放学。
(4)在时间、条件等状语从句中常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。
They'll stand by you even if you don't succeed.
即使你不成功，他们也会支持你。
2．一般过去时
(1)表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常与yesterday、last year、the other day等时间状语连用；也可表示过去习惯性的动作。
(2)在时间、条件、让步状语从句中，若主句用了过去将来时，从句常用一般过去时表示过去将来的意义。
He said he would tell her about the news as soon as he met her.
他说他一见到她就把这个消息告诉她。
(3)有些句子，虽然没有明确地表示过去的时间状语，但实际上指的是过去发生的动作或状态，也要用一般过去时。常见的此类动词有know、think、expect、want等。
Edward, you play so well. But I didn't know you played the piano.
爱德华，你弹得真好。但是我原来不知道你会弹钢琴。
单句小练(单句填空/单句改错)
1． (do) you call that company to see how they think of our product yesterday?
答案与解析 Did 句意：昨天你给那家公司打电话询问他们对我们产品的看法了吗？根据句中时间状语yesterday可知，谓语用一般过去时。
2．A boy on a bike (catch) my attention. He was riding beside the bus and waving his arms.
答案与解析 caught 句意：我注意到一个骑自行车的男孩。他正挨着公交车一边骑自行车，一边挥舞着胳膊。根据设空后一句的was riding可知，该空用一般过去时，表过去的动作。注意：catch的过去式和过去分词分别是caught、caught。
3．I used to dance a lot when I am young, although I never was a good dancer.
答案与解析 am→was 根据本句中的“used to dance”(过去常常跳舞)和“was”可知，“在我年轻时”应用一般过去时，所以把am改为was。
4．Now Beijing (feel) like my second home.
答案与解析 feels 句意：现在北京像我的第二个家。根据句中时间状语Now可知，谓语用一般现在时，故填feels。
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错解分析 学生容易错填is feeling或is felt。feel是系动词，不能用于被动语态和进行时态。
重点二
现在进行时、过去进行时与将来进行时★★★★★
1.现在进行时
(1)表示说话时正在进行或发生的动作，也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行着的动作或存在的状态。
—I hear you are working in a pub. What's it like?
—Well, it's very hard work and I'm always tired, but I don't mind.
——我听说你在酒吧工作。感觉怎么样？
——哦，工作很辛苦，我也总是很累，不过我不介意。
(2)某些表示位置移动的动词，如：come、go、leave、arrive、start、move等词，可用现在进行时表示即将发生或计划要做的事。
2．过去进行时
(1)表示过去某时正在发生的动作，或与过去发生的某事同时发生的动作；也可表示过去某个时间段内一直在进行的动作。
I walked slowly through the market, where people were selling all kinds of fruits and vegetables. I studied the prices carefully and bought what I needed.
我慢慢地走过市场，市场里人们在卖各种各样的水果与蔬菜。我认真地研究了价格之后，买了些我所需要的。
(2)短暂性动词可用过去进行时表示过去按计划、安排要做的事。
I was coming to visit you later that day, but I had to phone and cancel.
我本打算那天晚些时候来看你，但是我不得不打电话取消了。
(3)现在进行时和过去进行时与always、constantly、continually、forever等副词连用，表示说话人对某种行为的赞赏、厌烦、不满等情绪。
He was always changing his mind.
他总是改变主意。
3．将来进行时
表示将来某时或某一时段正在进行的动作，常表示事情的正常发展。
I'll be doing jobs about the house tomorrow.
明天我将要干些家务活。
单句小练(单句填空/单句改错)
5．Would you please keep silent? The weather report (broadcast) and I want to listen.
答案与解析 is being broadcast 句意：请你安静点，行吗？我想听正在播的天气预报。report和broadcast是被动关系，所以用被动语态。天气预报是在说话当时正在发生的事情，所以用现在进行时的被动语态。
6．Mike didn't notice Alice entering his room. He (answer) a phone call.
答案与解析 was answering 根据前一句“迈克没有注意到玛丽进他屋子”，表示迈克打电话是玛丽进屋时正在进行的动作，所以用过去进行时。
7．Jane can't attend the meeting at 3 o'clock this afternoon because she (teach) a class at
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that time.
答案与解析 will be teaching 句意：简不能参加今天下午三点钟的会议，因为那个时候她正在上课。句中的时间状语at that time指代at 3 o'clock this afternoon，表示在将来的某一时刻正在做某事，故用将来进行时。
8．I was on my way home after shopping and saw a small dog running across the very busy street I (travel) on.
答案与解析 was travel(l)ing 此处强调我正在街上走，而小狗正在穿过马路，故应该用过去进行时。本题学生容易受前面was和saw的干扰，误填travel(l)ed。
重点三
完成时态★★★★★
1.现在完成时
(1)表示过去发生的或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，常与lately、recently、so far、by now、up to/till now、in the last/past few days/years等时间状语连用。
Progress has been so far very good and we are sure that the work will be finished on time.
到目前为止，工作进展得很顺利，我们确信一定会按时完工。
(2)表示过去已经开始，一直持续到现在(也许还会继续进行下去)的动作或状态，常与“since＋时间点”或“for＋时间段”等表示一段时间的状语连用。
—I remember you were a talented pianist at college. Can you play the piano for me?
—Sorry, I haven't played the piano for years.
——我记得你在大学时是一位极有才华的钢琴师。你能为我弹钢琴吗？
——抱歉，我好多年没有弹钢琴了。
(3)现在完成时用于以下句型
①It is/has been＋时间段＋since ...表示“自从……以来已经……”。
It is/has been ten years since I graduated from the university.
自我从这个大学毕业已经10年了。
②This/It/That is the first/second/third ... time that ...表示“这/那是(某人)第几次做某事”，that从句中要用现在完成时。
This is the first time that I have visited Beijing.
这是我第一次游览北京。
[提醒] 注意避免思维定式：一看到for＋时间段，就用动词的现在完成时态。一定要看语境强调是“该动作曾经做过多长时间”(一般过去时)，还是“该动作已经做完多长时间”(现在完成时)。
My uncle lived in America for many years and now he lives in China.
我叔叔在美国定居多年，现在他生活在中国。
2．过去完成时
(1)表示在过去某一动作之前已经完成的动作，强调“过去的过去”之意。常与by、before等介词短语或状语从句连用或用于有上下文暗示的句子中。
By the end of last year, we had accomplished the project completely.
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到去年年底，我们已彻底完成了该项目。
(2)表示意向的动词，如hope、wish、expect、think、intend、mean、suppose等，用过去完成时表示“原本……(事实上未能……)”。
I had meant to help you, but I was too busy at that moment.
我本打算帮你的，但当时我太忙了。
(3)用过去完成时的固定句型
①This/It/That was the first/second/third ... time that ...表示“这/那是(某人)第几次做某事”，that从句中要用过去完成时。
②hardly ... when ...和no sooner ... than ...两个句型中，主句均用过去完成时。
Hardly had I got home when the rain poured down.
我刚到家，大雨就倾盆而下。
3．现在完成进行时
(1)常用来表示开始于过去某个时间，一直持续到现在并且会继续进行下去的动作。
For days the kids have been looking for others we can help.
数日来孩子们一直在寻找我们能帮助的人。
(2)表示到目前为止的一段时间里一直在反复进行的动作。
I have been calling him many times this morning, but there's no answer.
今早我给他打了数次电话，但仍未打通。
单句小练(单句填空/单句改错)
9．In recent years, stress (regard) as a cause of a whole range of medical problems, from high blood pressure to mental illness.
答案与解析 has been regarded 句意：最近几年，压力被认为是从高血压到精神问题的各种健康问题的起因。 根据句中时间状语In recent years可知，本句用现在完成时；又因主语stress与regard是被动关系，故用现在完成时的被动语态；主语是stress，故谓语动词用单数形式，填has been regarded。be regarded as ... “被认为是……”。
10．Just as I got to the school gate, I realized I (leave) my book in the café.
答案与解析 had left 句意：就在我到校门口的时候，我才意识到自己把书落在了咖啡馆。根据语境可知，leave的动作发生在realized之前，即“过去的过去”，故用过去完成时。
11．Since the time humankind started gardening, we (try) to make our environment more beautiful.
答案与解析 have been trying 句意：自从人类开始从事园艺活动以来，我们一直在努力使环境变得更美。根据时间状语从句“Since the time humankind started gardening”可知，主句应用现在完成时；结合句意，应用现在完成进行时，强调动作的持续性，故填have been trying。
12．By the time Jack returned home from England, his son graduated from college.
答案与解析 graduated前加had 句意：当杰克从英国回到家时，他儿子已经大学毕业了。“by＋过去时间”作状语，句子用过去完成时。受returned的干扰，学生容易误认为此处用过去时态graduated，从而看不出错误。
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13．In the last few years, China made great achievements in environmental protection.
答案与解析 made前加has 句意：在过去的几年里，中国在环境保护方面取得了很大的成就。由时间状语In the last few years可推知，此处的动作从过去持续到现在并对现在造成影响，用现在完成时。本题有的学生易看不出错误，误认为In the last few years是一般过去时的标志词。
重点四
一般将来时和过去将来时★★★★★
1.一般将来时
(1)“will/shall＋动词原形”表示将来，往往指客观上要发生的事情或临时做出的决定。
I hope you will behave properly at the funeral.
我希望你在葬礼上做到得体有礼。
(2)一般将来时的其他形式及用法
①“be going to＋动词原形”表示现在打算在最近或将来要做某事；也可表示已有迹象表明将要发生或即将发生某事。
Dr. Smith, together with his wife and daughters, is going to visit Beijing this summer.
史密斯博士将在今年夏天和他的妻子、女儿们一起游览北京。
②“be to＋动词原形”表示按计划或安排即将发生的动作；也可表示职责、义务、意图、约定、禁止、可能性等。
The lecture is to be delivered at the hall.
讲座将在大厅举办。
③“be about to＋动词原形”或“be on the point of＋名词/动名词”表示快要发生的动作，但不能与确切的时间状语连用。
Walk up! Walk up! The performance is about to begin.
快过来！快过来！表演马上开始了。
2．过去将来时
(1)“should/would＋动词原形”，表示从过去某一时刻看将来要发生的动作或存在的状态，常用在宾语从句中。
Yesterday, he said he would come to the meeting.
昨天，他说他将要参加那个会议。
(2)过去将来时也可用“was/were going to＋动词原形”“was/were to＋动词原形”“was/were about to＋动词原形”表示。
I thought the film was going to be interesting.
我还以为这部电影会比较有趣。
单句小练(单句改错)
14．The old woman didn't have any visitors. But every morning, a concerned and wise young nurse will go into her room. She didn't try to speak or ask questions of the old lady.
答案与解析 will→would 根据上下文时态可知，第二句中will应改为would，此处表示“过去常常”，表示过去习惯性的动作。
15．I will keep the habit of taking regular exercise, such as running, swimming and various ball games.
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During my holidays, I would travel to my dreamlands.
答案与解析 would→will 根据上文“I will keep”可知，此处讲述的是将来的事情，应用一般将来时，故将would改为will。
16．If you will play football with us this weekend, we will wait for you. Otherwise, we will go ourselves.
答案与解析 去掉play前面的will 句意：如果你这周末和我们一起去踢足球的话，我们就等你。否则，我们就自己去了。在含有时间状语从句、条件状语从句的复合句中，主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时表将来。本题学生易由于没有很好地掌握条件状语从句的使用规则，以及受到后面will wait和will go的干扰，从而看不出错误。
重点五
被动语态★★★★★
1.被动语态的构成(以do为例)
时
体
现在
过去
将来
过去将来
一般
is/am/ are done
was/were done
will/shall be done
would/should be done
进行
is/am/ are being done
was/were being done
—
—
完成
have/has been done
had been done
will/shall have been done
would/should have been done
2.不能用于被动语态的动词及短语
(1)有些及物动词或及物动词短语：have(有)、hold(抓住)、cost(花费)、lack(缺乏)、belong to(属于)、own(拥有)、suit(适合)、fit(适合)。
(2)不及物动词或不及物动词短语：happen/take place/occur (to)(发生)、remain(剩下)、break out(爆发)、last(持续)、come out(出版)、come up(被提出)、lose heart(失去信心)、date back to/date from(追溯到)、run out(用完)。
The palace caught fire three times in the last century, and little of the original building remains now.
这座宫殿在20世纪曾三次失火，现在，最初的建筑物所剩无几。
3．主动形式表被动意义
(1)连系动词smell、taste、sound、look、prove、turn等后接形容词作表语。
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(2)表示主语特征或功能的词，如cut、catch、clean、draw、read、sell、write、wash等与well、badly、easily、smoothly等副词连用时。
(3)少数其他动词，如open、close、lock、move、keep常与won't、wouldn't连用时。
The door won't close, I think.
我想这个门锁不上。
(4)表示“开始”“结束”的词，如start、begin、finish、end等。
单句小练(单句填空/单句改错)
17．The giant panda (love) by people throughout the world.
答案与解析 is loved 句意：大熊猫受到全世界人们的喜爱。主语与谓语动词之间是被动关系；主语是第三人称单数；而且本句表达的是普遍现象，故用一般现在时的被动语态，填is loved。
18．She was born too early and only (weigh) two kilograms at birth.
答案与解析 weighed 句意：她是早产儿，出生时体重只有2公斤。weigh“重量为……”， 是系动词，不能用于被动语态，根据and前面的谓语动词was born可知，此处应用一般过去时，故填weighed。at birth“出生时”。
练有小得 常见的不用于被动语态的动词(短语)有：①系动词：look、smell、taste、feel、prove等；②表主语特征的不及物动词cut、lock、read、sell、wash、write等与well、easily、badly等副词连用；③不及物动词(短语)：remain、happen、appear、take place、break out等。
19．Nowadays, the Qixi Festival (refer) to as the “Chinese Valentine's Day”．
答案与解析 is referred 句意：现在七夕节被看成“中国的情人节”。主语the Qixi Festival 与refer to是被动关系，故用被动语态；句中时间状语是Nowadays, 故该句应用一般现在时的被动语态，填is referred。
练有小得 以下动词的过去式、过去分词和现在分词要双写最后一个字母
infer (推断)—inferred—inferred—inferring
prefer (更喜欢)—preferred—preferred—preferring
occur (发生)—occurred—occurred—occurring
refer (提到)—referred—referred—referring
20．I found the lecture hard to follow because it had been started when I arrived.
答案与解析 去掉been 句意：我发现这个讲座很难理解，因为当我到达时，它已经开始了。根据句意可知，这里应该用主动语态。
题型Ⅰ 语法填空
真题在线
1．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)Later, engineers (manage) to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels (隧道), which became known as the Tube.
答案与解析 managed 句意：后来，工程师们设法在一个很深的隧道里建造铁路，这就是著名的地铁。根据设空所在句中的时间状语Later可知，此处用一般过去时。需要记住的用法manage to do sth. “设法做成某事”。
2．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)Steam engines (use) to pull the carriages and it must have been fairly unpleasant
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for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise.
答案与解析 were used 句意：车厢由蒸汽机拉动，对于乘客而言在浓烟和噪音下乘车肯定是相当不舒服的。主语Steam engines和use是被动关系，且由句中的must have been可知，此处叙述的是过去发生的事情，故设空处用一般过去时的被动语态。又因主语是名词的复数形式，故谓语动词用复数形式，填were used。
3．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)When fat and salt (remove) from food, the food tastes as if it is missing something.
答案与解析 are removed 句意：当脂肪和盐分从食物中去除后，食物尝起来好像缺了点什么。状语从句中用一般现在时；主语fat和salt与remove之间是被动关系，应用被动语态。主语fat和salt是两个并列的主语，谓语动词应用复数形式，故填are removed。be removed from ...“从……中去除；被开除……；被撤职”。
4．(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)Confucius believed knives would remind people of killings and (be) too violent for use at the table.
答案与解析 were 句意：孔子认为刀子会让人想到杀戮，在餐桌上使用太过暴力。believed后面的宾语从句的主语是knives, 设空和would remind是宾语从句的两个并列的谓语动词，时态应一致，故该空谓语用一般过去时。又因knives是复数形式，故用were。remind sb. of sth.“使某人想起某事”。
5．(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)Truly elegant chopsticks might (make) of gold and silver with Chinese characters.
答案与解析 be made 句意：真正雅致的筷子也许由金银做成并带有汉字。句子的主语chopsticks与谓语make是被动关系，由于设空前有情态动词might可知，此处是含有情态动词的被动语态，其结构是：情态动词＋be＋及物动词的过去分词，因此填be made。
答题秘诀
1．掌握独特的时间状语标志
(1)题干中如用always、often、seldom、sometimes、usually等，用一般现在时。
(2)题干中如用yesterday、last night、a few days ago、the other day等，用一般过去时。
(3)题干中如用tomorrow、next year、in a week等，用一般将来时。
(4)题干中如用now、at present等，用现在进行时。
(5)题干中如用at that time、then、at six o'clock yesterday等，用过去进行时。
(6)题干中如用at this time tomorrow、from 1 o'clock to 3 o'clock tomorrow等，用将来进行时。
(7)题干中如用since、so far、up to now、in the last/past few years等，用现在完成时。
2．熟记固定句型中的时态
(1)be doing ... when ...，主句常用过去进行时，从句常用一般过去时。
(2)It is/has been＋时间段＋since ...表示“自从……以来已经……”，主句用现在完成时或一般现在时，从句用一般过去时。
(3)祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句，陈述句常用一般将来时。
3．分清主动被动，辨析语态
看到主语为物，且动词为及物动词，要想到被动语态。
题型Ⅱ 短文改错
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真题在线
6．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)Before getting into the car, I thought I had learned the instructor's orders, but once I started the car, my mind goes blank.
答案与解析 goes→went 句意：上车前我以为自己已经了解了教练的指令，但是车一发动起来，我的头脑就一片空白了。but前面的句子主句谓语动词是thought，是一般过去式，but后的句子中once 引导的时间状语从句谓语动词是started, 是一般过去式，故此处应用一般过去时。go blank “变成空白；变得茫然”。
7．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)About one month after this photo was took, I entered my second year of high school and became a new member of the school music club.
答案与解析 took→taken 句意：在这张照片拍后的一个月后，我进入高二年级并成为学校音乐团的一名新成员。主语this photo与take是被动关系，应用被动语态。take的过去式和过去分词分别是took、taken。
8．(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)I thought it a good idea. It does not cost much, yet we can still learn a lot.
答案与解析 thought→think 句意：我认为这是个好主意，不需要花费很多钱我们也能学到很多。根据后面句中的谓语动词does和can可推断出，该处表示的是现在的看法而非过去的看法，故thought改为think。think的过去式和过去分词形式分别是thought、thought。
9．(2015·全国卷Ⅱ)Tony was scared and begun to cry.
答案与解析 begun→began 句意：托尼害怕了，开始哭起来。根据and 前的谓语动词was scared可知，动词begin应用一般过去式。begin的过去式、过去分词和现在分词形式分别是began、begun、beginning。
答题秘诀
1．查时态是否一致
(1)检查文中每一个谓语动词的时态与上下文、语境及该句的时间状语是否一致。
(2)检查情态动词和have、has、had等助动词后面的动词形式是否用错。
2．查语态是否正确
(1)检查及物动词之后是否有宾语，如无宾语应用作被动语态。
(2)不及物动词(短语)不能用于被动语态。检查被动语态中是否缺少be动词。
二、主谓一致
A组 单句填空
1．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)Fast food (be) full of fat and salt; by eating more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.
答案与解析 is 句意：快餐高脂肪高盐。通过吃更多快餐，人们会在他们的饮食中摄入远比他们所需的更多的盐和脂肪。此处是对客观情况的陈述，应用一般现在时；主语Fast food是不可数名词，故谓语动词用单数形式，填is。
2．(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)Then, handle the most important tasks first so you'll feel a real sense of achievement.
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Leaving the less important things until tomorrow (be) often acceptable.
答案与解析 is 句意：把不太重要的事情留到明天通常是可以接受的。本句主语是动名词短语“Leaving the less important things until tomorrow”，故谓语动词用第三人称单数形式；此处是陈述一般事实，故谓语用一般现在时，填is。
B组 单句改错
3．(2015·全国卷Ⅰ)My dream school look like a big garden. There are all kinds of flowers and trees.
答案与解析 look→looks 句意： 我梦想的学校像个大花园，有各种各样的花和树木。主语My dream school是第三人称单数形式，故谓语动词用单数形式。
重点
主谓一致三原则★★★★★
原则
主语
谓语
语法一致
原则
单数
单数
复数
复数
就近一致
原则
由or、either ... or ...、neither ... nor ...、not only ... but (also) ...、not ... but ...等连接
与最近的主语在单复数上保持一致
由there、here引起的主语不止一个时
意义一致原则
由连词and连接的并列成分指的是同一概念，兼具身份或匹配出现
单数
no/each/every/many a＋单数名词＋and (＋no/each/every/many a)＋单数名词
one/every one/each/either/the number of/the variety of＋复数名词
clothing、furniture、traffic、jewellery、baggage、equipment、luggage等无生命的集体名词
以-s结尾的表示学科、国家、机构、书籍、报刊等名称的词
表示时间、重量、距离、价格、金钱、体积等复数名词表示一个整体概念
由every-、any-、some-、no-和-one、-thing、-body等构成的不定代词
动名词、动词不定式和名词性从句
复数
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意义一致原则
由and连接的两个并列成分表示两个不同的概念
people、police、cattle等有生命的集体名词
一些常用作复数或只有复数形式的名词，如goods、stairs、arms等
山脉、群岛、瀑布、运动会等以-s结尾的专有名词
集体名词class、family、army、team、club、company、population、enemy、party、crowd、crew、audience、committee、government、majority、group等强调整体时谓语用单数，指个体成员时谓语用复数
单复数视
情况
而定
单复数同形的名词，如means、deer、fish、sheep等
all、none、some、any等不定代词
“half/most/enough/part/the rest/the last/lots/plenty/分数/百分数＋of＋名词”作主语，谓语要和of之后的名词单复数保持一致
[提示] (1)主语后接介词短语或其他插入语，如with、together with、as well as、along with、besides、like、but、except、including、rather than等，谓语动词的人称和数与主语的人称和数保持一致。
The leader and artist as well as some of our English teachers was given a chance to go abroad last year.
那位领导兼艺术家和我们的一些英语老师去年得到了一次出国的机会。
(2)many a、more than one后加可数名词的单数形式，谓语动词用单数。
More than one student gets involved in the activity.
不止一个学生参加了这个活动。
(3)a quantity of后既可接不可数名词，也可接可数名词复数，谓语动词用单数。quantities of后无论是复数名词还是不可数名词，谓语动词均用复数形式。
A quantity of time has been wasted on the project.
＝Quantities of time have been wasted on the project.
大量的时间被浪费在这个项目上。
(4)“a number of＋复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式，意为“许多”；“the number of＋复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式，意为“……的数量”。
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(5)在定语从句中，关系代词作主语，其谓语动词的数和先行词保持一致，但“one of＋复数名词”后面的定语从句的谓语动词用复数，而在“the (only/very) one of＋复数名词”后面所接的定语从句中，谓语动词却用单数。
(6)what引导的从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式；但如果从句表示复数含义，则谓语动词用复数形式。
What he said is far from the truth.
他的话与事实相差太远了。
What the school needs are qualified teachers.
这个学校需要的是有能力的教师。
单句小练(单句填空/单句改错)
1．Last month, the family as well as their dog, (trap) on the roof by the flood.
答案与解析 were trapped as well as连接两个并列成分，谓语动词的数与as well as前的主语保持一致，此处the family指一家人，故谓语动词用复数形式；主语与trap是被动关系，故用被动语态，句中时间状语是last month，故用一般过去时的被动语态，填were trapped。
2．Over the past years, it (be) part of daily life for travelers.
答案与解析 has been 句中时间状语是over the past years，故谓语用现在完成时；主语是it，故谓语用单数形式，故填has been。
3．She is one of the students who has passed the exams.
答案与解析 has→have 先行词为the students，而非one，关系代词who在从句中作主语，其谓语动词的数与先行词the students保持一致，故has改为have。
4．A number of students was absent from the meeting because it rained heavily.
答案与解析 was→were “a number of＋复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
题型Ⅰ 语法填空
真题在线
1．(2017·天津卷)Nowadays, cycling, along with jogging and swimming, (regard) as one of the best all-round forms of exercise.
答案与解析 is regarded 句意：如今，骑自行车与慢跑和游泳一样，被看作是一种最好的全能运动形式。主语与regard是被动关系，应用被动语态。句子主语部分是“A along with B”结构，因此谓语动词的数与A一致，即与cycling一致，故谓语用单数形式，填is regarded。
2．(2015·全国卷Ⅱ)Yangshuo (be) very beautiful. A study of travelers conducted by the website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world.
答案与解析 is 句意：阳朔真是很美。游客评论网站“猫途鹰”命名阳朔为全球十大旅游胜地之一。“阳朔很美”是客观事实，应用一般现在时，主语是第三人称单数名词，故谓语用第三人称单数形式，填is。name ... as ...“命名……为……”。
3．(2015·广东卷)He made cheese and butter for the family with what (leave)．
答案与解析 was
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left 句意：他用剩下的(奶)给家里做奶酪和黄油。what在从句中作主语，与leave之间是被动关系，应用被动语态；又因主句谓语是一般过去时，故该空用一般过去时的被动语态，填was left。
答题秘诀
1．根据句子的主语，判断谓语动词形式。
2．根据主谓一致的三个原则确定谓语动词的形式。
题型Ⅱ 短文改错
真题在线
4．(2016·浙江卷)He would ask who we was and pretend not to know us.
答案与解析 was→were 句意：他总是问我们是谁并假装不认识我们。句中主语是we，是第一人称复数形式，故谓语用复数形式，故was改为were。
答题秘诀
1．看主语为第一、二人称还是第三人称，确定谓语动词单复数形式。
2．看到主语为动名词短语/to do不定式或从句，要想到谓语动词应为第三人称单数形式。
3．看到“分数/百分数＋of＋名词”作主语，要想到谓语动词的数取决于名词。
4．看到there be等结构，要用就近原则。
三、情态动词和虚拟语气
单句改错
1．(2015·四川卷)If you are me, would you talk to him？
答案与解析 are→were 条件从句与现在事实相反，谓语动词应用虚拟语气，故are改为were。
2．(2014·全国卷)So real friendship should able to stand all sorts of tests.
答案与解析 should后加be 情态动词之后不能直接接形容词或名词，应与系动词be构成复合谓语。
重点一
情态动词的基本用法★★☆☆☆
1.情态动词近几年常考点
总结近几年高考语法填空和短文改错对情态动词的考查可知，主要涉及以下3点：
(1)情态动词后要加动词原形/系动词，在短文改错中经常漏掉系动词be，或在情态动词后加了动词的其他形式。
(2)含情态动词的被动语态结构：情态动词＋be＋过去分词。
(3)该用过去式时没用，有过去式的情态动词有：can→could、may→might、shall→should、will→would、have to→had to、dare→dared。
2．情态动词的基本用法
(1)can/could
①表能力、请求、可能性(表示可能性用于否定句及疑问句中)。
②相关的特殊句型有：can not ... too .../enough(再怎么……也不过分)、can't help but
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do(不得不做……)、can't wait to do sth.(迫不及待地做某事)。
(2)may/might
①表较小的可能性。
②表示请求许可以及祝愿。相关句型或搭配：may/might as well do表示“还是……好；最好……”；may well do表示“很可能”。
③may可以用来表示祝愿，用“may＋主语＋动词原形”结构。
May you succeed.祝你成功。
(3)must
①表示非常肯定的推测；②表“偏要；非要……不可”；③mustn't意为“禁止”，表示“不必”应用needn't。
(4)shall的用法
①用于第二、三人称的陈述句中，表命令、警告、许诺或威胁等，语气强于should；②用于第一、三人称的疑问句中，表示征询意见，肯定回答应用must，否定回答应用needn't或don't have to。
(5)should/ought to
①should表责任、义务、劝告、建议等，意为“应该”，还可表出乎意料的语气，意为“竟然”；②ought to表义务或责任，意为“应该”。
(6)will/would
①表意志或意愿；②表事物的某种性质和倾向，或“按规律”“注定会”；③表示习惯，will可以表示现在的习惯，意为“总是；习惯于”。表示过去的习惯性动作用would。
(7)need和dare
need“需要”和dare“敢”，主要用于否定句、疑问句和条件状语从句中。
单句小练(单句填空/单句改错)
1．The only thing that I do was that I wished her a long life.
答案与解析 could 根据语境“唯一能做的事”及从句中的wished可知，该空填情态动词could。
2．It can give us energy and making us happy.
答案与解析 making→make 情态动词之后应接动词原形构成谓语，故making改为make。
3．Meanwhile, I found out that with more patience I must make my toys last.
答案与解析 must→could 根据语境“我能够让我的玩具更耐用”及found可知，应用could。must表“必须”。
重点二
情态动词表推测的用法★★☆☆☆
must
肯定句
一般时、进行时、完成时
一定；肯定
Jack described his father, who must have been a brave boy many years ago, as a strong-willed man.
can
(could)
疑问句，否定句
一般时、进行时、完成时
可能，能够
It can't be the postman at the door. It's only six o'clock.
may
肯定句，否
一般时、进行时、完成时
也许，可能
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(might)
定句
—I left my handbag on the train, but luckily someone gave it to a railway official.
—How unbelievable to get it back! I mean, someone might have stolen it.
should
(ought
to)
肯定句、否
定句
一般时、完成时
确定或期待，“应该”
I shouldn't have watched that movie—it'll give me horrible dreams.
单句小练(单句填空)
4．The man over there not be Mr. Li, who is much taller.
答案与解析 can 根据语境“李先生更高”可知，该句表“不可能是李先生”，故填can。
5．You not have waken me up. I don't have to go to work today.
答案与解析 need 根据语境“今天不上班”可知，语境表达“没必要叫醒我”，故填need。
6．You should (come) here earlier, for the lecture was important.
答案与解析 have come 根据语境“本应早点来的”可知，应用should have done形式，设空前已有should，故填have come。
重点三
虚拟语气的用法★★☆☆☆
1.if条件句中的虚拟语气
if条件
从句
从句的谓语形式
主句的谓语形式
表示现
在情况
动词过去式(be的过去式用were)
should/would/could/might＋动词原形
表示过
去情况
had＋过去分词
should/would/could/might＋have＋过去分词
表示将
来情况
should＋动词原形
should/would/could/might＋动词原形
动词过去式
were to＋动词原形
①If I had enough money, I would buy myself a computer first of all.
如果我有足够的钱，我首先要为自己买一台电脑。
②If you had come earlier, you couldn't/wouldn't have missed the bus.
如果你早点儿来，你就不会错过那班公共汽车了。
③If I saw/should see/were to see him tomorrow, I would invite him home.
如果明天见到他，我会邀请他到我家。
[提示] (1)if引导的非真实条件句中如果出现should、were或had，可以把if省略，把should、were或had提到句首，其他语序不变。
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(2)当if条件句中主、从句表示的动作或行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称为错综时间条件句，这时动词的形式应根据动词所指的时间进行调整。
(3)有时假设的情况并不用条件句表现出来，而是暗含在上下文中，比如通过without、or、otherwise、but for等词或短语来表示。
2．should＋do ...结构的虚拟语气
一些表示命令、要求、请求、建议的动词，后面接宾语从句时，从句谓语要用“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略，但不能换成其他的情态动词，常见的这类动词有：order、command、require、request、demand、advise、suggest (建议)、propose、recommend、insist (坚持，坚决要求)等；以上这些动词以及其所对应的名词在涉及主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句时，从句谓语也要用“should＋动词原形”来表示，同样，should可以省略，但不能换成其他的情态动词。
Your suggestion that the door (should) be shut when we leave is reasonable.
你的那个当我们离开的时候应该关上门的建议是合理的。
3．wish后面接宾语从句时，从句谓语通常要用虚拟语气，即与现在事实相反时，谓语用过去式；与过去事实相反时，谓语用过去完成时；与将来事实相反时，谓语用“could/would/might＋动词原形”。
I wish I had told him the way to the supermarket.
我真希望我已经告诉了他到超市的路线。
4．would rather“宁愿……”后接宾语从句时，谓语动词要用虚拟语气，即与现在或将来事实相反，谓语动词用一般过去时；与过去事实相反，谓语动词用过去完成时。
5．It is (high/about) time (that) ...意为“是……的时候了”，that在此引导定语从句，从句谓语要用虚拟语气，从句谓语的形式有两种：一种是用一般过去时；另一种是用“should＋动词原形”，需要注意的是，这里的should不能省略。
It's high time that we should get/got down to working.
该我们着手工作的时候了。
6．if only从句中的虚拟语气
if only引导的感叹句，其虚拟语气的结构与wish后接宾语从句中的虚拟语气的结构相同。
7．as if、as though引导的表语从句和方式状语从句中常用虚拟语气，与现在事实相反用一般过去时；与过去事实相反用过去完成时。
It seems as though it were spring already.
看起来好像已经是春天了一样。(事实上不是)
单句小练(单句填空/单句改错)
7．If you (tell) me in advance, I would have met him at the airport.
答案与解析 had told 根据主句谓语would have met可知，从句是对过去事实的假设，应用过去完成时。
8．I would rather he (invite) me to the party tomorrow.
答案与解析 invited 根据句中时间状语tomorrow可知，从句是对将来的假设，谓语用一般过去时，故填invited。
9．I wish I was a bird and could fly freely in the blue sky.
答案与解析 was→were 虚拟语气中be动词的形式是were。
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10．He agreed to our suggestion that we would put on a play at the party.
答案与解析 would→should或去掉would suggestion后的同位语从句中谓语动词用should do形式，should可省略，故would改为should或去掉would。
题型Ⅰ 语法填空
真题在线
1．(2017·北京卷)Samuel, the tallest boy in our class, easily reach the books on the top shelf.
答案与解析 can 句意：塞缪尔，我们班最高的男生，能很轻松地够着书架顶层的书。根据语境可知，此处表示“能力”，应用can。
2．(2017·北京卷)If the new safety system (put) to use, the accident would never have happened.
答案与解析 had been put 句意：如果这个新的安全系统投入使用，这个事故就不会发生了。根据主句确定是对过去情况的虚拟，故从句用had done 形式，从句主语system与put to use 是被动关系，故用had been put。
答题秘诀
1．空后是do/have done/be doing，根据语境、语义、语气确定填哪个情态动词。
2．情态动词不能单独作谓语，需和后面的实义动词原形或be动词构成谓语：情态动词＋do/be ...。表对过去的猜测时用“情态动词＋have done”。
3．虚拟语气的考查重点在于判断句子是对现在、过去还是将来的情况进行的虚拟，判断出时间后再根据相应的句型确定谓语动词的形式。
题型Ⅱ 短文改错
真题在线
3．(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)We can chose between staying at home and taking a trip.
答案与解析 chose→choose 情态动词can后应用动词原形，而chose为choose的过去式，故将chose改为choose。choose的过去式和过去分词形式分别是chose、chosen。
4．(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)Some classmates suggest we can go to places of interest nearby.
答案与解析 去掉can或can→should suggest作为“建议”讲时，其后接的宾语从句谓语通常用“(should＋)动词原形”，故此处可去掉can或将can改为should。
答题秘诀
做此类改错题时，需要注意以下两个方面：
1．看句中情态动词是否运用正确。
2．看是否考查虚拟语气；若是考查虚拟语气，注意分清主句与从句中的时态关系以及不同句式中的虚拟语气构成形式。
集 训 新 思 路
小题夯基
Ⅰ.单句填空(注意不规则动词形式变化)
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1．The meeting (begin) smoothly, but then things started to go wrong.
答案与解析 began 所填词在句中作谓语，且此处的时态与started时态一致，应用一般过去时，故填began。begin(开始)的过去式、过去分词分别是began、begun。
2．I smiled and thanked her very gratefully, nodding yes, as the bus (stop) already and I had to hurry away.
答案与解析 had stopped as 引导的原因状语从句的谓语动词stop发生在and后的谓语动词had之前，表过去的过去，应用过去完成时， 故填had stopped。
3．Most of us (fall) asleep on the way back to Urumqi, but I stayed wide awake.
答案与解析 fell 句意：我们中大部分人在回乌鲁木齐的路上睡着了，但是我一直很清醒。设空与后一句中的stayed是并列谓语，应用一般过去时，故填fell。fall的过去式和过去分词形式分别是fell、fallen。
4．After arriving home, she (hang) her coat, went into the kitchen and started to prepare the dinner.
答案与解析 hung 所填词在句中作谓语，且与went和started是并列谓语，故用一般过去时。hang在此表“悬挂”，其过去式和过去分词分别是hung、hung。hang(绞死)—hanged—hanged。
5．If the new home (prove) unsuitable, they will return to their shells to wait in a queue.
答案与解析 proves 本题为真实条件句，时态采用“主将从现”的原则，故此处应用一般现在时。
6．The city (develop) China's first bike-sharing system in 2008.
答案与解析 developed 句意：该市在2008年启用了中国第一个共享单车系统。根据时间状语in 2008可知，此处讲的是过去的情况，故用一般过去时。
7．We (drive) in the right lane when suddenly a black car jumped out of a parking space right in front of us.
答案与解析 were driving 句意：我们正沿着右侧车道行驶，这时一辆黑色轿车突然从停车的地方驶出来，开到我们正前面。本题是句型sb. be doing sth. when ...，意为“某人正在做某事，这时(突然)……”。主句主语是We，从句时态是一般过去时，故填were driving。
8．Many a woman (hold) important positions in society, which (be) impossible in the past.
答案与解析 holds; was “many a＋单数可数名词”作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。which引导非限制性定语从句指代前面整个句子时，谓语动词用单数形式。根据句意可知，第一空用一般现在时，第二空用一般过去时。
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．To my joy, my effort was finally paid off.
答案与解析 去掉was pay off “取得回报”， 是不及物动词短语，不能用于被动语态。
2．This afternoon, I went to the biggest shopping center downtown, and buy a present for her.
答案与解析 buy→bought 句中时间状语是This afternoon，又因and前的谓语是went, 故应用bought。buy(买)—bought—bought。
3．Nowadays, it was fashionable for us students to have iPads.
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答案与解析 was→is 根据时间状语Nowadays可知，应用一般现在时。
4．I am a member of the English Club, which is set up by the Student Union three years ago.
答案与解析 is→was 根据句中的时间状语three years ago可知，which引导的非限制性定语从句应用一般过去时。
5．He went in the direction of the smoke and saw a fire that was out of control. Many trees have already been burned.
答案与解析 have→had already通常与完成时连用；结合句中的went、saw等词可知，树林燃烧发生在过去的过去，故应用过去完成时。
6．Most of what has been said about the Smiths are also true of the Johnsons.
答案与解析 are→is 句意：针对史密斯一家人的街谈巷议，其中大部分也是约翰逊一家的真实情况。名词性从句作主语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。句中主语为“Most of what has been said about the Smiths”，所以谓语动词用is。
7．On her wall she posted a handwritten sign that was read “Never give up.”
答案与解析 去掉was 句意：她在墙壁上贴了一个她手写的牌子，上面写着“永不放弃”。read意为“写着；写成”时为不及物动词，故没有被动语态。
8．There exists many ancient temples in the country.
答案与解析 exists→exist 句意：那个国家有很多古老的寺庙。there be结构中的be用is还是用are，由紧跟在be后的那个名词的单复数来决定，此处为there be的变式，be由exist代替，其后的名词为复数形式，所以用exist。
大题提能
Ⅰ.语法填空
(原创)A creative advertisement representing the deep love between an overseas student and his parents has set 1. a heated discussion on Chinese social media. Many netizens criticize China's younger generation of being spoiled and too dependent.
The ad was created by China Merchants Bank to promote 2. (it) credit card for overseas students. In the ad, a Chinese student named Ian starts to make friends with local American students. 3. (determine) to make some stir-fried tomatoes and eggs, 4. popular Chinese dish, to impress his foreign friends, Ian asks his parents in China for help. Despite the 12-hour time difference, the parents wake up at 4 a．m. to make a how-to video for their son.
The ad 5. (view) over 1.2 million times since it was posted online on Thursday, and has received 6. (mix) reactions from Chinese netizens.
Some found it moving, 7. others showed a different opinion, criticizing the parents for
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spoiling the boy.“Some Chinese 8. (child) are spoiled by their parents. I think it heartless and not touching 9. (wake) your parents up in the middle of the night just to satisfy your vanity (虚荣心) to impress others. Such parental love would 10. (simple) destroy a child, rather than make him/her independent，” wrote a netizen.
答案与解析
【语篇解读】 世界再大，大不过一盘番茄炒蛋。招商银行的一则不到200秒的视频广告，成了近期网络的热点，更在朋友圈中广泛传播。
1．off 考查固定短语。根据语境“引起激烈的讨论”可知，该处是固定短语：set off “激发；引起”。
2．its 考查代词。设空后是名词credit card，应用形容词性物主代词修饰，故填its。
3．Determined 考查非谓语动词。设空在句中作状语， 说明主语Ian的心理状态，应用形容词作状语。be determined to do sth. “决定做某事”。该空容易误填Determining。切记作状语时，应用determine的过去分词形式。
4．a 考查冠词。该处指西红柿炒鸡蛋是一种受欢迎的菜，表泛指，应用不定冠词a。
5．has been viewed 考查动词的时态和语态。since引导时间状语从句时，主句谓语动词用现在完成时；主语The ad与view是被动关系，故用现在完成时的被动语态，且主语为The ad，为单数名词，谓语应用单数形式，故填has been viewed。
6．mixed 考查词性转换。设空后是名词reactions , 应用形容词作定语，故填mixed, 意为“混杂的”。注意mix的名词形式是mixture。
7．while 考查连词。“有的网民觉得很感人”和“其他网民批评该父母溺爱孩子”是转折对比关系，应用表“转折对比”关系的连词while。
8．children 考查名词的数。根据设空前的修饰语Some和谓语动词are spoiled可知，设空应填名词复数形式。child的复数形式是children。
9．to wake 考查非谓语动词。此处是固定句式“think＋it＋形容词＋不定式”结构，该句型中it 是形式宾语，不定式是真正的宾语。
10．simply 考查词性转换。设空在句中作状语修饰谓语动词would destroy, 应用副词，故填simply。simply “仅仅；简单地”。注意形容词simple转换为副词是直接去掉e再加y。
Ⅱ.短文改错
(2018·石家庄一中检测)One morning, I waited at the bus stop for about twenty minutes before the bus finally came. All the people hurried on board. I got a place next to the window, but I had a good view of the sidewalk. My attention was catching by a boy, who was riding besides the bus, waving a handbag. Finally, when we came to the next stop, the boy run up to the door of the bus. I heard about him talking with the driver in an exciting voice. Then the driver stood up and asked, “Whose handbag is this？” A woman on the bus shouted, “Oh dear! It's me！” She pushed her way to the driver and took the handbag thankful. Everyone on the bus praised the boy for that the boy had done.
答案与解析
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One morning, I waited at the bus stop for about twenty minutes before the bus finally came. All the people hurried on board. I got a place next to the window, I had a good view of the sidewalk. My attention was by a boy, who was riding the bus, waving a handbag. Finally, when we came to the next stop, the boy up to the door of the bus.
I heard him talking with the driver in an voice. Then the driver stood up and asked, “Whose handbag is this？” A woman on the bus shouted, “Oh dear! It's ！” She pushed her way to the driver and took the handbag Everyone on the bus praised the boy for the boy had done.
①waited前加had 主句谓语动词所发生的动作先于从句谓语动词came之前发生，表过去的过去，应用过去完成时。
②but→so “坐在车窗边”与“看清人行道”是因果而非转折关系，故用so。
③catching→caught 主语My attention与catch是被动关系，故用被动语态。catch(引起注意)——caught—caught。
④besides→beside 此处表“在公交车旁边”，应用介词beside；besides表“另外”，是副词或介词“除……之外”。
⑤run→ran when引导的时间状语从句谓语动词是一般过去时，故主句谓语用一般过去时，故run改为ran。
⑥去掉about hear“听见”是及物动词，故去掉about。
⑦exciting→excited 在句中作定语，修饰与人有关的名词，如voice、smile、appearance、look等，应用以-ed结尾的形容词，故exciting改为excited。
⑧me→mine 此处表“那是我的包”，故用名词性物主代词mine。
⑨thankful→thankfully 在句中作状语修饰谓语动词took，应用副词。
⑩that→what what引导宾语从句，作介词for的宾语，且在从句中作宾语，故that改为what。
第2讲 非谓语动词 见学生用书P224
A组 单句填空
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1．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)But unlike school friends, 16yearold Sarah is not spending half-term (rest)．
答案与解析 resting 句意：但是和她学校的朋友不同，16岁的萨拉不是用半个学期休息。spend time (in) doing sth.“花费时间做某事”，动名词作宾语。
2．(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)If you find something you love doing outside of the office, you'll be less likely (bring) your work home.
答案与解析 to bring 句意：如果你发现在工作之外有你喜欢做的事情，你就不太可能会把工作带回家里。be likely to do sth.“可能做某事”。
3．(2015·全国卷Ⅰ)It regularly arranges quick getaways here for people (live) in Shanghai and Hong Kong.
答案与解析 living 句意：该公司经常在阳朔为住在上海和香港的人们安排方便的度假。people与live之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词短语作后置定语。
4．(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal (create) special designs.
答案与解析 to create 句意：能工巧匠还把各种硬木和金属结合起来创造出特殊的装饰图案。 “把各种硬木和金属结合起来”是为了创造特殊的装饰图案，故应用不定式作状语，表目的。
5．(2015·全国卷Ⅱ)When a new day breaks, the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough (cool) the house during the hot day.
答案与解析 to cool 句意：墙壁已放出热量，并足以在炎热的白天冷却房屋。根据固定句式be＋adj.＋enough to do“足以……”， 不定式作结果状语。
B组 单句改错
6．(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)I showed them I was independent by wear strange clothes.
答案与解析 wear→wearing 句意：通过穿奇装异服，我向他们表明我独立了。介词by之后应接动名词作宾语。
7．(全国卷)Have tea in the late afternoon provides a bridge between lunch and dinner.
答案与解析 Have→Having 句意：下午晚些时候喝茶是午饭和晚饭之间的过渡。动词原形在句中不能作主语，应改为动名词形式。
重点一
非谓语动词作主语、宾语和表语★★★☆☆
1.非谓语动词中能作主语的有动名词和不定式
(1)动名词作主语表示一般的、抽象的或习惯性的动作，不定式作主语表示具体的、一次性的或尚未做的动作。
(2)it作形式主语，代替真正作主语的动词不定式或动名词。常见句型有：It is/was no use/good＋doing sth.; It is/was useless doing; It's a waste of time doing sth.; It's＋adj.＋for/of sb.＋to do sth.等。
2．非谓语动词中能作表语的有现在分词、过去分词、动名词和不定式。注意现在分词作表语意为“令人感到……的”，而过去分词作表语意为“本身感到……的”。
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3．非谓语动词中能作宾语的有动名词和不定式
(1)只能跟动名词作宾语的动词和短语：suggest、imagine、mind、admit、practise、risk、keep、keep on、avoid、escape、enjoy、consider、finish、miss、insist on、look forward to、feel like、get down to、object to等。
(2)只能跟不定式作宾语的动词和短语：wish、hope、decide、refuse、promise、pretend、manage、want、plan、fail、choose、would like等。
4．既可跟动名词又可跟不定式的动词和短语：remember、forget、regret、stop、go on、try等。
Remember to turn off the lights before you go to bed.
睡觉前记得关灯。
I remember reading about the earthquake in the newspaper.
我记得在报纸上读过该地震的文章。
单句小练(单句填空/单句改错)
1．A quick review of successes and failures at the end of year will help (shape) your year ahead.
答案与解析 shape/to shape 句意：在年底对一年的成败进行快速的回顾会有助于你下一年的发展。设空作动词help的宾语，应用不定式或不带to的不定式，故填shape/to shape。help (to) do sth.“帮助做某事”。
练有小得 cannot help do sth. “不能帮忙做某事”； cannot help but do sth. “只得做某事”； cannot help doing sth. “情不自禁做某事”
2．Pahlsson and her husband now think the ring probably got (sweep) into a pile of kitchen rubbish.
答案与解析 swept 句意：帕拉森和丈夫现在认为戒指可能是被扫到一堆厨房垃圾里去了。设空前是系动词got, 设空在句中作表语，sweep与the ring是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词作表语。sweep的过去式和过去分词形式分别是swept、swept。
3．It is polite (offer) the tea cup to guests with both hands.
答案与解析 to offer It is polite to do sth.“做某事是有礼貌的”，在该句式中，it是形式主语，真正的主语是不定式短语。
4．As for me, if I have a better idea, I will choose stick to it.
答案与解析 choose后加to 句意：就我而言，如果我有更好的主意，我会坚持我的主意。choose to do sth.“选择做某事”；stick to sth.“坚持某事”。
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练有小得 常用不定式作宾语的动词有afford、agree、choose、demand、decide、determine、expect、hope、manage、refuse、want、wish、offer、pretend、promise等。
重点二
非谓语动词作定语★★★★☆
定语形式
功能
现在分词一般式doing
表示动作是主动进行的行为或者正在进行当中
现在分词一般式的被动结构being done
表示动作是被动行为且正在进行当中
过去分词done
表示动作是被动完成的行为或者单纯表示已经完成
动词不定式to do
表示将要发生的动作
动词不定式一般式的被动结构to be done
表示将要被做的动作
followed by an observation of the moon with telescopes.
讲座于昨晚七点开始，随后是用望远镜观察月球。
单句小练(单句填空/单句改错)
5．Like great athletes or scientists, great teachers have the ability (inspire) others as well.
答案与解析 to inspire 句意：就像伟大的运动员或科学家一样，伟大的老师也有激励他人的能力。the ability to do sth.“做某事的能力”。被修饰词是抽象名词时，常用不定式作定语，常见的该类名词有ability、chance、idea、hope、wish、fact、excuse、opportunity、attempt、way等。
6．In nineteen sixty, Wilma Rudolph became the first American woman (win) three gold medals in one Olympics.
答案与解析 to win 句意：在1960年，威尔玛·鲁道夫成为第一个在一届奥运会上获得三块金牌的美国女人。当名词被序数词修饰，且该名词与作定语的非谓语动词之间为逻辑上的主谓关系时， 需用不定式的一般式作后置定语。
7．The word “Mid-Autumn” first appeared in the famous ancient book Rites of Zhou (《周礼》), a book (tell) the rites in the Zhou Dynasty.
答案与解析 telling “a book (tell) the rites in the Zhou Dynasty”作Rites of Zhou (《周礼》)的同位语，空格处作定语修饰a book，故空格处要填入非谓语动词，a book与tell之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词。
8．Classical Chinese poetry is traditional Chinese poetry (write) in classical Chinese and
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typified by certain traditional forms.
答案与解析 written write与其逻辑主语poetry之间构成动宾关系，故用过去分词作后置定语。write(写)—wrote—written—writing。
9．His career began in the mailroom of a radio station ran by his father and uncle.
答案与解析 ran→run run“经营”作定语修饰a radio station，与其构成逻辑上的动宾关系，故用其过去分词形式run。ran是run的过去式，属于谓语动词的范畴，故此处把ran改为run。
重点三
非谓语动词作状语★★★★★
1.不定式作状语
不定式主要可以作目的状语、结果状语、原因状语等。
(1)在too ... to do、enough to do、so/such ... as to do结构中
He is such a good teacher as to be respected by all his students.
他是个如此好的老师，以至于受到他所有学生的尊敬。
(2)在only/just to do结构中表示出乎意料的结果
He rushed to the station, only to find that the train had left.
他匆忙赶到火车站，却发现火车已经开走了。
(3)在be happy/glad/sorry/sad/surprised to do sth.结构中作状语表原因
He was surprised to be informed of the news.
被告知这一消息，他感到吃惊。
2．分词作状语
(1)v.-ing形式：现在分词作状语，用来表时间、条件、让步、原因、伴随、结果等。现在分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的主动关系，且含有进行之意。
(2)v.-ed形式：①过去分词作状语，用来表时间、条件、让步、原因、伴随等。过去分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的被动关系，且含有完成之意。
②源于系表结构的部分过去分词作状语，表示句子主语所处的一种状态。不表示被动关系，其前不用being，常见的有：seated (坐着的)、hidden (躲着)、devoted (专注的)、lost/absorbed in (沉溺于)、born in (出身于)、dressed in (穿着)、tired of (厌烦了)等。
Following the teacher, some students entered the classroom.(动词follow与句子主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系，与句中谓语动词所表示的动作基本同时发生)
The teacher entered the classroom, followed by some students.(动词follow与句子主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系，与句中谓语动词所表示的动作基本同时发生)
(3)having done/having been done强调分词的动作发生在句子的谓语动词表示的动作之前。
Not having finished my homework, I had to stay at home.(动词finish与句子主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系，且先于谓语动词表示的动作发生)
(4)有些分词或不定式短语作状语，其形式的选择不受上下文的影响，称作独立成分。常见的有：
generally speaking 一般来说
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frankly speaking 坦白地说
judging from/by 根据……来判断
to tell (you) the truth 说实话
to begin/start with 起初；开始
to be honest 诚实地说
to make things/matters worse 让事情变得更糟糕的是
单句小练(单句填空/单句改错)
10．The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment, (allow) more patients to be treated.
答案与解析 allowing 句意：这家医院近期获得了新的医疗设备，这让更多的病人可以接受治疗。非谓语动词所表示的动作allow与其逻辑主语(前面的整个句子)是逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词作状语，表自然而然的结果。allow sb. to do sth. “允许某人做某事”。
11．Meilun is very lively, often (jump) onto the roof and hanging upside down from a rail.
答案与解析 jumping 句意：美仑很活泼，经常跳到屋顶上在一个轨道上倒挂着。Meilun与jump是逻辑上的主谓关系，应用现在分词作伴随状语。
12． (see) our returning to the car, Dad was eager to hear all about what we'd seen.
答案与解析 Seeing 句意：看见我们回到车上，爸爸渴望听到所有我们所看到的东西。Dad与see是逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词作状语。
13．This afternoon I went to the bookstore near my house, only find it was closed.
答案与解析 only后加to 句意：今天下午我去我家附近的书店，结果发现书店关门了。only to do sth. 表出乎意料的结果。
重点四
非谓语动词作宾补
1.有些动词和动词短语后接不定式作宾语补足语，形式为“动词(短语)＋宾语＋宾补(不定式)”。如：advise、allow、ask、beg、cause、encourage、expect、forbid、force、invite、persuade、teach、remind、warn、wish、call on、depend on等。
The doctor warned him not to eat too much meat.
医生警告他不要吃太多的肉。
2．“五看二听一感觉”的感官动词和短语(see、watch、observe、notice、look at、hear、listen to、feel等)后面的宾语补足语常见的有三种非谓语动词形式(do/doing/done)。do表主动和完成(被动句中to还原)，doing表主动或正在进行，done表被动或完成。
听！你听到有人正在呼喊救命吗？
3．make/have/get/keep/leave＋宾语＋补语
宾补
to do
-ing
done
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动词＋宾语
make＋宾语
do
×
√
keep＋宾语
×
√
√
have＋宾语
do/to do(区别：have sb. do意为“让某人做某事”；have sth. to do意为“有某事要做”，to do作后置定语)
√(表示主体使客体处于某种状态或一直做某事)
√(表示让别人做某事或让某事被做)
get＋宾语
√
√
√
leave＋宾语
√
√
√
Claire had her luggage checked an hour before her plane left.
在飞机起飞前一个小时，克莱尔把行李进行了安检。
4．“with＋宾语＋宾补”结构
(1)with＋名词/代词＋现在分词。现在分词可表示主动和动作正在进行。
He lay on the grass with his eyes looking at the sky.
他躺在草地上，眼望着天空。
(2)with＋名词/代词＋过去分词。过去分词可表示被动和动作已完成。
With his hair cut, he looked much younger.
理了发，他看起来年轻多了。
(3)with＋名词/代词＋不定式。不定式表示动作尚未发生。切记：不定式在任何情况下都用主动形式，表示被动意义。
With a lot of homework to do, I can't go skating with you.
因为有很多作业要做，我不能和你一起去滑冰。
单句小练(单句填空/单句改错)
14．We are in complete agreement with the suggestions (mention) in your letter.
答案与解析 mentioned 句意：我们完全同意你在信中提出的建议。mention与the suggestions是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词作定语。in agreement with“同意”。
15．Suddenly, I felt someone (move) my luggage. I opened my eyes and looked up.
答案与解析 moving 句意：突然，我觉得有人在动我的行李。我睁开眼睛抬起头来。feel sb. doing sth.“感觉某人正在做某事”。
16．Actually, my mother helped me cooked it and I had practised for several days.
答案与解析 cooked→cook 句意：事实上，妈妈帮我做，而且我练了好几天。help sb. (to) do sth. “帮助某人做某事”。
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题型Ⅰ 语法填空
真题在线
1．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ) Fast food is full of fat and salt; by (eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.
答案与解析 eating 句意：通过吃更多快餐，人们将在饮食中摄入更多超过他们所需的盐分和脂肪。介词by之后接动名词作宾语，表示“通过做某事”， 表方式。
2．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)They are required (process) the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions.
答案与解析 to process 句意：需要它们(脂肪和盐)来处理我们吃的食物，以此从伤病中恢复并有益于其他几项身体功能。be required to do sth. “被要求做某事”，不定式在句中作补语。
3．(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)I was the first Western TV reporter (permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.
答案与解析 permitted 句意：我是第一个被允许拍摄照顾从野外营救的大熊猫专辑的西方记者。permit与其逻辑主语reporter是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词形式作后置定语。be permitted to do sth. “被容许做某事”； permit sb. to do sth.“容许某人做某事”。
错解分析 此空极易受句式the first＋名词＋to do sth.影响误填to permit。名词前有序数词修饰时，常用不定式作后置定语，但条件是主语与不定式是逻辑上的主谓关系。
练有小得 记牢以下动词的形式变化：
permit—permitted—permitted—permitting
stop—stopped—stopped—stopping
admit—admitted—admitted—admitting
submit—submitted—submitted—submitting
equip—equipped—equipped—equipping
4．(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)People probably cooked their food in large pots, (use) twigs (树枝) to remove it.
答案与解析 using 句意：人们可能用很大的锅做饭并用树枝搅动。People与use是逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词短语作状语，表伴随。
5．(2014·全国卷Ⅰ)It took years of work (reduce) the industrial pollution and clean the water.
答案与解析 to reduce 句意：减少工业污染和净化河水需要多年的工作。It takes/took ... to do sth.“做某事花费/需要……”，为固定句式，故填不定式to reduce。该句式中it是形式主语，不定式短语才是真正的主语。
答题秘诀
对于语篇型语法填空中非谓语动词的解答，首先通过分析句子结构判断设空处是否应填非谓语动词，然后根据非谓语动词的用法确定具体形式。
1．如果作主语或表语，应用动词-ing或不定式形式，如果设空处有“for＋名词或代词”，设空处用不定式。
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2．如果作定语，要判断该非谓语动词与被修饰词之间的逻辑关系，再根据不定式、动词-ing、过去分词作定语的用法确定设空处所需形式。
3．如果作宾语，要注意设空处前面的词，如果是介词(注意有时可能省略介词)，设空处一定是动词-ing；如果是及物动词，要根据非谓语动词作宾语的用法判断其形式。
4．如果作目的状语或表意外的结果状语或在形容词后作状语，用动词不定式。如果作伴随、时间、条件、非意外的结果等状语，要根据其与逻辑主语之间的关系，确定用现在分词或过去分词。
5．如果作宾补，首先需要弄清设空处与宾语的逻辑关系，如果是主动关系，答案可能是to do、doing或不带to的不定式；如果是被动关系，答案可能是being done、to be done或done。
题型Ⅱ 短文改错
真题在线
6．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)When summer comes, they will invite their students pick the vegetables！
答案与解析 pick前加to 句意：当夏天来临时，他们就邀请他们的学生来摘新鲜的蔬菜。invite sb. to do sth. “邀请某人做某事”。
7．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)In their spare time, they are interesting in planting vegetables in their garden.
答案与解析 interesting→interested 句意：在业余时间，他们对在他们的菜园种菜很感兴趣。interesting“有趣的”；interested“感兴趣的”，结合语境可知此处应用interested，构成短语be interested in“对……感兴趣”。
8．(2015·全国卷Ⅱ)After looks at the toy for some time, he turned around and found his parents were missing.
答案与解析 looks→looking 句意：看了一会儿玩具后，他转身发现父母不见了。介词After之后应接动名词作宾语。
答题秘诀
1．检查谓语与非谓语动词是否混用。
2．检查动词-ing形式和动词-ed形式是否混用。
3．检查介词之后应用动名词形式而误用作动词原形。
4．注意不定式符号to的多余或缺失。
5．区分介词to和不定式符号to。
集 训 新 思 路
小题夯基
Ⅰ.单句填空(注意不规则动词形式变化)
1．Though (catch) in the rain unexpectedly, we still treasured the memory and will always recall the warmth and kindness of the Chinese couple.
答案与解析 caught 句意：尽管出乎意料地遭遇到大雨，我们仍然珍惜这段记忆并且会永远回忆起这对中国夫妇的温暖和善良。be caught in“遭遇……”， 在句中作状语，应用过去分词形式。
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练有小得 需熟记的几个短语
be caught in (遭遇)、be buried in (专心；埋头于)、be lost in (迷路；迷失；全神贯注于)、be dressed in (穿着)、be stuck in (困于；卡在)、be hidden in (藏于)、be addicted to (沉溺于)等，在句中作状语或补语用过去分词形式。
2．But Jie declined the invitation, (prefer) to lead a quiet life with his mother in the mountains.
答案与解析 preferring 句意：但是介子推拒绝了邀请，他宁愿和母亲在山中过安静的生活。Jie与prefer 是逻辑上的主谓关系，应用现在分词作状语。注意：prefer的现在分词形式要双写最后一个字母r。
3．The hall was dark when I came in; the show was about (begin)．
答案与解析 to begin 句意：我走进大厅的时候四周很黑，表演马上就要开始了。固定搭配be about to do意为“即将、正要做某事”，故填to begin。
4．Having worked for a whole year, people take a rest at this time (prepare) for the coming year.
答案与解析 to prepare 句意：已经辛苦劳动了一整年，人们在此时休息一下，为下一年做准备。分析句子结构可知，此处是非谓语动词作目的状语，且与其逻辑主语people是主谓关系，故填to prepare。
5．I found a piece of paper on my desk, (say) “Stupid Sarah got a D！”
答案与解析 saying 句意：我发现桌子上有一张纸，上面写着“笨蛋萨拉得了D！”，a piece of paper与say之间是主谓关系，所以用现在分词作定语。
6．Gradually I found myself back, (deliver) my speech with difficulty.
答案与解析 delivering deliver和句子谓语found之间没有连词，故空处为非谓语动词，且deliver和句子主语I构成逻辑上的主谓关系，故空处用其现在分词作伴随状语。
7．It is important for you (give) firm commands in dog training.
答案与解析 to give It在此作形式主语，“to give firm commands in dog training”在句中作真正的主语，故应用动词不定式。It is＋adj.＋for sb.＋to do sth.是固定句型，意为“做某事对某人来说……”。
8．The airport (complete) next year will help promote tourism in this area.
答案与解析 to be completed 句中有will help，故此处需要一个非谓语动词作“The airport”的后置定语；根据句中的“next year”可知，此处表示“明年将竣工的机场”，且airport与complete之间为逻辑上的被动关系，故用动词不定式to be done结构。
9．Mary felt (please), because there were many empty seats in the room.
答案与解析 pleased 此处feel为系动词，其后需要加形容词作表语，表示“感到愉悦的”应用pleased。
10．On a sunny afternoon, I love to take a seat outside, (bathe) in the afternoon sunshine, and listening to the lovely music when tasting the most terrific cappuccino.
答案与解析 bathed be bathed in ...表示“沐浴在(阳光中)”，故空格处用bathed表示主语的状态。
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．I'm expecting you to come to China and experiencing the rich culture in person.
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答案与解析 experiencing→experience 句意：我希望你到中国来，亲自体验一下这里丰富的文化。根据句意判断，句中意义上并列的两个动作是“来中国”(come to China)和“体验”(experience)，所以两个动词保持相同的形式。“希望某人做某事”的固定搭配是expect sb. to do sth.，故把experiencing改为experience。注意：不要想当然地认为expecting与experiencing并列而导致错误。
2．Compare with letters and public phones, mobile phones and the Internet are faster and much more convenient.
答案与解析 Compare→Compared 句意：和信件、公用电话相比，手机和网络更快更方便。过去分词作状语。compared to/with ...“和……比起来”。有的学生不清楚compare与mobile phones and the Internet之间的逻辑关系，误认为此处是祈使句。
3．When I was having lunch in a restaurant, I noticed a young man. Dressing in black, he was playing with a smartphone while eating.
答案与解析 Dressing→Dressed be dressed in ...表示“穿着……”，故需要用dressed表示主语he的状态。
4．When I restarted the computer, I found some of my dad's documents miss.
答案与解析 miss→missing 此处表示“丢失的”，用形容词化的分词missing，构成“find＋宾语＋宾补”结构。
5．The experience of lose a competition was really painful.
答案与解析 lose→losing 介词of后要用动词-ing作宾语，故lose改为losing。
6．My teachers are all kind and I believe, with time go by, I'll make great progress.
答案与解析 go→going 第二个分句含有“with＋宾语＋宾补”的复合结构，go与time之间为逻辑上的主动关系，应用现在分词作宾补。
7．After school, I was about to enter my apartment when I saw a little dirty dog lie beside the dustbin.
答案与解析 lie→lying see sb./sth. doing sth.意为“看到某人/某物正在做某事”，符合语境，故用lie的现在分词作宾语补足语。
8．I was worrying and decided to take her to a hospital.
答案与解析 worrying→worried 句意：我很担心，决定把她送到医院。worrying“令人担忧的”；worried“担心的”。
9．While I was tidying up my room, I came across a number of outstanding photos taking in Beijing.
答案与解析 taking→taken 句意：收拾房间时，我偶然发现了很多在北京拍摄的非常出色的照片。根据句子结构可知，此处用非谓语动词作宾语，非谓语动词与其修饰的名词之间有逻辑上的动宾关系，所以用过去分词作定语。
10．It's quite an interesting place to live in and the best thing do here is going shopping.
答案与解析 do前加to 用动词不定式作定语，修饰the best thing，表示“将要做得最好的事情”，动词不定式含有将要发生的含义。句中出现do的某种形式，to可省略。
大题提能
Ⅰ.语法填空
(2018·沧州质检)Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge will be the world's longest bridge over water when it 1. (complete). The bridge is now 2. construction and will be put to use by the end
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of this year. A journey by land, 3. can take up to four hours, will be 4. (great) shortened. Now it only takes as little as thirty minutes.
From an artificial island near Hong Kong International Airport, the structure 5. (run) west to another artificial island in Macao, a 6. (distant) of 55 kilometers, 20 times the length of San Francisco's Golden Gate Bridge. 7. total of 400,000 tons of steel were used in the project, equal to 60 times the steel used 8. (build) the Eiffel Tower.
Engineers were faced with complex geological conditions and technical challenges. The building of the bridge combines the 9. (late) engineering technology and design, enabling the structure to withstand a magnitude 8 earthquake, a super typhoon or a strike by a ship 10. (weigh) 300,000 tons. According to historical data, most big, cross-sea bridges last 100 years while Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge is designed to last 120 years.
答案与解析
1．is completed 考查谓语。主句用一般将来时，when引导的时间状语从句用一般现在时；从句的谓语与主语的关系是被动的。
2．under 考查介词。under construction意为“处于建造中”；under意为“处于……过程中”。
3．which 考查定语从句。此处which引导非限定性定语从句，指代前面整个句子。
4．greatly 考查词性转换。修饰谓语要用副词。
5．runs 考查时态。主语为structure，且时态为一般现在时，谓语动词要用第三人称单数。
6．distance 考查词性转换。不定冠词a后要用名词。
7．A 考查冠词。a total of为固定搭配，意为“总计……”。
8．to build 考查非谓语动词。动词不定式作目的状语，表示为了建造埃菲尔铁塔而使用的钢材。
9．latest 考查形容词最高级。此处latest是形容词最高级，表示最新的。
10．weighing 考查非谓语动词。a ship与weigh是逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词作定语。weigh“重量是……”，是系动词，无被动语态。
Ⅱ.短文改错
(2018·保定质检)One day in our English class, we asked to make a sentence with a word “eccentric”. I volunteered to do it by say “My partner, Han Lei, is an eccentric boy.” Heard this, the whole class burst into laugh. After class, I learned about that my mindless words hurt her.
It was at that moment which I realized words could be powerful in both positive and negative way. So we should pay many attention to our words when speaking.
答案与解析
One day in our English class, we asked to make a sentence with word “eccentric”. I volunteered to do it by “My partner, Han Lei, is an eccentric boy.” this, the whole
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class burst into After class, I learned that my mindless words hurt
It was at that moment I realized words could be powerful in both positive and negative . So we should pay attention to our words when speaking.
①asked前加were 主语we与ask是被动关系，应用被动语态；且全文整体时态是一般过去时，故该处用一般过去时的被动语态，故asked前加were。
②a→the 此处特指“eccentric”一词，故用定冠词the。
③say→saying by是介词，后接动名词作宾语。
④Heard→Hearing the whole class与hear是逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词作状语。
⑤laugh→laughter burst into laughter“突然大笑”。
⑥去掉about learn是及物动词，后面直接接that从句，故介词about多余。
⑦her→him 根据第二句中提到的boy可知，此处应用人称代词him。
⑧which→that 此处是强调句式结构，强调时间状语at that moment。
⑨way→ways 此处指“积极的方面和消极的方面”，名词way应用复数形式。
⑩many→much attention是不可数名词，应用much修饰。
错解分析 易将many改为more，但该处不存在比较，故不能将many改为more。
专题二 需要“变形”的名词、数词、形容词和副词
第1讲 名词和数词 见学生用书P228
A组 单句填空
1．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)She has turned down several (invitation) to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies.
答案与解析 invitations 句意：为了专心学习，她已经拒绝了几场走秀。根据设空前的several可知，设空所填名词应用复数形式。句中应记牢的短语：turn down “拒绝”；concentrate on “专心于”。
2．(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)Recent (study) show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks regularly.
答案与解析 studies 句意：最近的一些研究显示，如果我们定时进行短暂休息的话，我们的工作效率会高很多。study作“研究”讲时，为可数名词，根据复数谓语动词show可知，主语应用复数形式，故填studies。
3．(2014·全国卷Ⅰ)For most of us the (change) are gradual and require a lot of effort and work.
答案与解析 changes 句意：对我们大多数人来说，这种变化是逐渐的，而且需要很多努力和工作。所填词作主语，其前是定冠词，所以应用名词；根据谓语are可知，应用复数形式。
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B组 单句改错
4．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)Besides, they often get some useful informations from the Internet.
答案与解析 informations→information information是不可数名词，没有复数形式。
5．(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)The teenage year from 13 to 19 were the most difficult time for me.
答案与解析 year→years 由语境可知，13岁至19岁有很多年，所以可数名词year应用复数形式years。
练有小得 解答此类题时，可以从以下两个方面入手：①查看名词前后的修饰词，若有超过1的基数词等修饰，如three、many、a few、several、a couple of或表示复数的介词短语(如本题)等，名词要用复数形式；②查看谓语动词的形式，若谓语动词为are、were、have等，作主语的名词要用复数形式。
6．(2015·全国Ⅱ)The airs we breathe in is getting dirtier and dirtier.
答案与解析 airs→air air作“空气”讲时，是不可数名词。
重点一
名词的数★★★★★
1.可数名词单数变复数的规则变化
可数名词的复数形式通常是在单数形式词尾后加-s或-es，规则的复数构成形式如下：
变化规则
例词
一般情况下
在词尾直接加-s
table→tables，
park→parks
以-s、-x、-ch、-sh结尾的名词
在词尾加-es
bus→buses，box→boxes，wish→wishes，watch→watches
以辅音字母加-y结尾的名词
将-y变为-i再加-es
family→families，butterfly→butterflies，dictionary→dictionaries
以元音字母加-y结尾的名词
在词尾直接加-s
day→days，holiday→holidays，monkey→monkeys
以-o结尾的名词
一般在词尾加-s
photo→photos，radio→radios
有些在词尾加-es
potato→potatoes，tomato→tomatoes
以-f或-fe结尾的名词
knife→knives,
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一般变-f或-fe为-v，再加-es
wife→wives，
life→lives, leaf→leaves
少数直接加-s
roof→roofs，belief→beliefs
2.有些名词复数形式不是以加-s或-es构成，它们的不规则构成形式如下：
变化规则
例词
变内部元音
man→men，woman→women，
foot→feet，mouse→mice，
goose→geese，tooth→teeth
词尾加-en或-ren
ox→oxen，child→children
单复数同形
fish, sheep, deer, means (方式；方法), series, Chinese, Swiss
3.合成名词变成复数时，通常只将里面所含的主体名词变为复数，如果没有主体名词，则将最后一部分变为复数。例如：sons-in-law、passers-by、story-tellers、grown-ups、breakfasts、housewives。
4．有些词用复数形式表示祝愿、礼貌或客气等，如congratulations (祝贺)、regards (问候)、respects (敬意)、thanks (谢谢)、wishes (祝愿)等。
5．一些固定短语中的名词只用复数形式，常见的有：make friends with (与……交朋友)、shake hands with ... (与……握手)、take measures (采取措施)、make preparations for (为……作准备)、in high spirits (兴高采烈地)。
6.常考的不可数名词
(1)表物质的不可数名词：baggage/luggage (行李)、cash (现金)、meat (肉)、paper (纸张)等。
(2)表抽象概念的不可数名词：work (工作)、knowledge (知识)、luck (运气)、scenery (风景)、traffic (交通)等。
(3)永远不可数的重点名词：advice (建议)、equipment (设备)、fun (乐趣)、furniture (家具)、progress (进步)、news/word (消息)等。
单句小练(单句填空/单句改错)
1．At the last weekend of November, I drove to Fragrant Hills Park to see red (leaf) with my wife.
答案与解析 leaves 句意：在11月份的最后一个周末，我开车和妻子去香山公园看红叶。leaf是可数名词，根据语境可知，该处用leaf的复数形式。
2．Though I said I wasn't going to do it, my (foot) carried me toward the pool.
答案与解析 feet foot是可数名词，且此处由语境可知，应该指的是“我的双脚”，故用复数形式。
3．Sometimes I would write down my thoughts and (feel) and share them with my father.
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答案与解析 feelings 空格处与名词thoughts作动词短语write down的并列宾语，故空格处也应该用名词复数形式。
4．Mum has a full-time job, but she has to do most of the houseworks.
答案与解析 houseworks→housework housework是不可数名词，没有复数形式。
5．As I told you last time, I made three new friend here.
答案与解析 friend→friends 根据名词friend前的数词three可知，该处名词用复数形式。
重点二
数词的基本用法★★★★★
数词属于高考试题中不常考查的冷点，主要涉及基数词和序数词的基本用法及区别，序数词前的修饰词以及分数的正确表达等。
1．基数词
(1)名词性数词hundred、thousand、million等前有数词或several时不能用复数形式，其后所跟的复数名词前不加of，表“一百，一千，一百万”时需加one或不定冠词a。如表不确切的数目应用hundreds/thousands/millions of＋复数名词。
(2)用以表示年龄时，逢十的基数词复数之前应加物主代词，如in her forties“在她四十多岁时”。
2．序数词
(1)序数词前一般要加上定冠词或物主代词等限定词。
It was the/my first visit to Europe.
那是(我)第一次去欧洲。
(2)分数的分母部分用序数词，分子为1时，分母用序数词的单数形式，分子为2及以上时，分母用序数词的复数形式。
单句小练(单句填空/单句改错)
6．When he retired, he was already in his (sixty)．
答案与解析 sixties “in one's＋基数词的复数形式”表“在某人几十多岁时”。
7．Two third of the island's population made a living by fishing.
答案与解析 third→thirds 分子大于1时，分母要用复数形式，故third改为thirds。
题型Ⅰ 语法填空
真题在线
1．(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)The nursery team switches him every few (day) with his sister.
答案与解析 days 句意：护理组每隔几天交换看护他和他妹妹。day是可数名词，few修饰可数名词复数形式，故该空用复数形式。
2．(2015·全国卷Ⅰ)The Li River is pictured by artists in so many Chinese (painting)．
答案与解析 paintings 句意：漓江是被许多艺术家在许多国画中描绘过。painting是可数名词，many修饰可数名词复数形式，故该空填painting的复数形式。
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答题秘诀
1．名词前有one of the时用名词复数形式。
2．名词前有many、several、few、a few、a number of、hundreds of、a couple of、all、both、other等表“多”的数量词时用名词复数形式。
3．名词前有超过1的基数词，如two、three等时，名词用复数形式。
4．名词前有形容词different、various等时，名词用复数形式。
题型Ⅱ 短文改错
真题在线
3．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)In the summer holiday following my eighteen birthday, I took driving lessons.
答案与解析 eighteen→eighteenth 此处表示“我”的18岁生日，即“我”的第18个生日，表示顺序而不是数量，故应用序数词。基数词表示数量或数目的多少，如two apples、one hundred days；而序数词表示顺序或等级，如：in the twenty-first century、in the eighth lunar month。
4．(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)If we go on a trip abroad, we can broaden our view and gain knowledges we cannot get from books.
答案与解析 knowledges→knowledge 句意：如果到国外旅行，我们既能开阔视野又能获得从书本上得不到的知识。knowledge作“知识”讲时，通常情况下为表示抽象意义的名词，是不可数名词。knowledge前面偶尔可加不定冠词a，表示“某方面特定的知识”，构成“a＋adj.＋knowledge＋of＋n.”，如a thorough knowledge of the English language “深入了解英语”。
答题秘诀
1．英语中的名词(不可数除外)一般不能独立使用，须在其前加限定词，如冠词等，这是短文改错常设的考点。
2．注意名词复数的不规则变化情况。
集 训 新 思 路
小题夯基
Ⅰ.单句填空
1．With new technologies introduced, the company made (two) as many computers as the year before last.
答案与解析 twice 两倍用twice来表示，两倍以上用数字加times来表示。句意：引进了新技术，公司制造的电脑是前年的两倍。
2．There are ten on the list, so you are the (eleven)．
答案与解析 eleventh 表示“第几个”要用序数词。
3． (measure) have been taken to lighten the load of the hospital doctors.
答案与解析 Measures 根据句子的谓语have been taken，再结合提示词measure和语境可知，本句包含短语take measures to do sth.，其中measure在该短语中用复数。注意首字母大写。
4．Nowadays so many (medium) are used for our daily life, such as films, TV, radio and books. Which do you think is the most effective?
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答案与解析 media many后修饰的是可数名词复数，所给的是单数名词，其复数是media。在掌握单复数变化的一般规则时，要注意一些特殊情况，如：child→children、woman→women、bacterium→bacteria、sheep→sheep等。
5．The other day he wrote a letter to me to express his (thank) for my invitation.
答案与解析 thanks 句意：那天他写信给我，表达他对我的邀请的感谢。thank用作名词表示“感谢”时，只用复数形式，不用单数形式，类似的还有wishes、regards等。
6．The (grown-up) applauded after the children had finished their performances.
答案与解析 grown-ups 合成名词的复数形式通常是将主体名词变为复数形式。如：daughter-in-law→daughters-in-law“儿媳妇”；looker-on→lookers-on“旁观者”；passer-by→passers-by“过路人”。
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．There we usually see English movie, learn to sing English songs and debate on hot topics.
答案与解析 movie→movies 句意：在那儿我们经常观看英文电影，学唱英文歌，并就热门的话题进行辩论。movie为可数名词，此处泛指英文电影，应用名词的复数形式。
2．I'm sure we can get enough informations from his talk to make good preparations for a coming talk show.
答案与解析 informations→information 句意：我肯定我们能够从他的演讲中获得足够的信息来为即将到来的脱口秀做充足的准备。information为不可数名词。
3．Both carriages were loaded with luggages and food hampers.
答案与解析 luggages→luggage 句意：两个车厢都装满了行李和食品盒。luggage为不可数名词。
4．Christmas is one of the major holiday here in the UK.
答案与解析 holiday→holidays one of后接名词的复数形式，意为“……之一”。
5．Last year there was a piano competition for teenager in my city and I took part in it.
答案与解析 teenager→teenagers teenager是可数名词，此处是说城市里的青少年，不只一个，故teenager改为teenagers。
6．I had seen, many times, the woman, tall and in her fifty, but how could I know her name？
答案与解析 fifty→fifties 此处为固定用法，in one's fifties“在某人50多岁时”。
大题提能
Ⅰ.语法填空
(2018·湖北重点中学联考)October 15, 2017 1. (witness) the 60th anniversary of the opening of the Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge. Among the various ways of celebration, a book 2. (name) The Bridge was 3. (particular) eye-catching. It was co-authored by Liu Yu, 4. Wuhan fine arts document research expert and his daughter. In the past 3 years, Liu 5. (collect) more than 2,000 items related to the Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge 6. over 1,000 Daqiao trademarks featuring the image of the Wuhan Yangtz River Bridge.
Liu said a Daqiao trademark was something both Wuhan and China took pride in and 7. even
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the advertising background of many famous products had used the pattern before. However, people then had no trademark awareness. Fortunately, some Wuhan 8. (native) like Liu Yu and his daughter have realised this and taken effective measures.
Liu's daughter participated 9. the format design, and also inserted in the book the bridge-related news reports from 1957 to 2017, including the bridge's opening, as well as the Wuhan marathon runners 10. (pass) over it in 2017.
答案与解析
1．witnessed 考查时态。设空在句中作谓语，且主语是October 15, 2017，指过去的时间，故用一般过去时。
2．named 考查非谓语动词。name 与a book是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词作定语。
3．particularly 考查词性转换。设空在句中作状语修饰形容词eye-catching，因此用副词，故填particularly。
4．a 考查冠词。此处指“一个武汉艺术研究专家”，表泛指，应用不定冠词a。
5．has collected 考查时态。句中时间状语是In the past 3 years, 故谓语用现在完成时。
6．and 考查连词。句中的items与trademarks是并列关系的名词，应用连词and。
7．that 考查宾语从句。此处是谓语动词said引导的第二个宾语从句，从句在句子结构和意义上均完整，故用that引导宾语从句。
8．natives 考查名词的数。设空前是限定词some，故名词native“当地人”应用复数形式。
9．in 考查动词短语。participate in “参加”。
10．passing 考查非谓语动词。runners与pass是逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词作定语。
Ⅱ.短文改错
(原创)Recently, the mobile game “Traveling Frog” has interested in Chinese youth. In the game, players need prepare a frog for a journey. Players harvest clover (三叶草) as money to buy some equipments for the frog before it goes on the journey. The frog will not only send postcards and bring back souvenirs.
It has become the more downloaded free app in the game section of the Apple's App Store by last Tuesday. Much young people, who live in a unfamiliar city, like the game most. That is because the frog has it own adventure that is complete out of the player's control.
答案与解析
Recently, the mobile game “Traveling Frog” has interested Chinese youth. In the game, players need prepare a frog for a journey. Players harvest clover (三叶草) as money to buy some for the frog before it goes on the journey. The frog will not only send postcards bring back souvenirs.
It become the downloaded free app in the game section of the Apple's App Store by last
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Tuesday. young people, who live in unfamiliar city, like the game most. That is because the frog has own adventure that is out of the player's control.
①去掉in 考查动词用法。interest 在本句中是及物动词，意为“吸引”， 其后直接接宾语，故介词in多余。
②need后加to 考查动词用法。need 作为实义动词时，表“需要做某事”时，应用need to do sth.。 need 作为情态动词时，常用于否定句和疑问句中。
③equipments→equipment 考查名词的数。equipment“设备”， 是不可数名词，没有复数形式。
④and→but 考查连词。not only ... but (also) ...“不但……而且……”。
⑤has→had 考查动词的时态。句中时间状语是by last Tuesday, 故谓语动词应用过去完成时。
⑥more→most 考查最高级。根据more前的定冠词the, 及表范围的介词短语in the game section可知该处表“下载最多的”， 应用最高级，故more改为most。
⑦much→many 考查形容词。修饰名词people应用many，much修饰不可数名词或比较级。
⑧a→an 考查冠词。unfamiliar 是元音音素开始的单词，故用不定冠词an。
⑨it→its 考查代词。在句中作定语修饰own应用形容词性物主代词。one's own “某人自己的”。
⑩complete→completely 考查副词。在句中作状语修饰介词短语out of the player's control, 应用副词。
第2讲 形容词、副词和比较等级 见学生用书P230
A组 单句填空
1．(2017·浙江卷)Sixteen years (early), Pahlsson had removed the diamond ring to cook a meal.
答案与解析 earlier 句意：十六年前，帕拉森取下钻石戒指做饭。表示“……之前”， 应用early的比较级earlier。
练有小得 early (adj.& adv.)是高考语法填空和短文改错的高频考点，所以学生应记牢以下几点：
at/from an early age “年少时/自年少时起”；in the early days “最初”；early in the morning “一大早”。
时间段＋earlier 表“……之前”；at one's earliest convenience “尽早”。
2．(2016·上海卷)Up to a certain point, the more stress you are under, the (good) your performance will be.
答案与解析 better 句意：在一定程度上，你所受的压力越大，你的表现就会越好。根据设空前一分句的the more和设空前的定冠词the, 可判断此处是“the＋比较级 ...，the ＋比较级 ...”结构，意为“越……， 就越……”。形容词good 的比较级和最高级分别是better、best。句中应记住的短语up to a certain extent/point “在某种程度上”；under stress“在压力下”。
3．(2014·全国卷)Finally, that hard work paid off and now the water in the river is (clean)
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than ever.
答案与解析 cleaner 句意：最后，辛苦的工作得到了回报，现在河水比以前干净多了。根据句中比较级的标志词than可知，该空应用比较级，故填cleaner。
B组 单句改错
4．(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)They were also the best and worse years in my life.
答案与解析 worse→worst 句意：它们是我一生中最好也是最糟糕的岁月。根据句中的最高级the best 和介词短语in my life可知，worse应改为最高级。
5．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)Beside, they often get some useful information from the Internet.
答案与解析 Beside→Besides 副词besides表“另外”，常用在句首，表示与上文的递进关系。beside 是介词，意为“在……旁边”，后接宾语。根据语境可知，此处应用besides。
重点一
形容词和副词的基本用法★★★★☆
1.在高考语法填空和短文改错中会涉及一些常见的、与派生词变化无关的基本形容词和副词的用法，如before、ago、many、much、ever、never等。
2．有些副词，如fortunately、luckily、surprisingly、honestly、actually、personally等，作评注性状语，往往修饰整个句子，而且它们常位于句首，且有逗号与后面句子分开。把握这样的结构和用法特点，有助于快速解题。
3．连接副词的用法
(1)表转折：though (虽然；然而)、yet (然而)、instead (相反；代替)、otherwise (否则)、however(然而，其后常用逗号)
(2)表递进：besides (另外)、moreover (而且)、still (仍然)
(3)表结果：therefore/thus/consequently (因此)
(4)表让步：anyway/anyhow (无论如何)
[提醒] 注意however是常考词，而且尤其要注意，所填空位于句首时，勿忘大写第一个字母！短文改错中可能会涉及对这些副词逻辑语意的考查。
重点二
比较级、最高级的用法★★★☆☆
高考对形容词和副词比较等级的考查主要体现在两个方面：一是通过标志词than或表比较意义的语境推出用比较级或最高级；二是考查一些固定结构中比较级和最高级的用法。
1．比较级和最高级的构成
(1)规则形式
①单音节以及少数双音节形容词和副词，在原级后加-er、-est构成，如clever—cleverer—cleverest。其他特殊变化见下表：
特殊情况
构成方法
例词
加-r和-st
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以不发音的-e结尾
brave—braver—bravest
以“辅音字母＋y”结尾
变-y为i，再加-er和-est
happy—happier—happiest
以重读闭音节结尾
双写词尾，再加-er和-est
hot—hotter—hottest
②多音节和部分双音节形容词和副词，在原级前加more、most构成。
active—more active—most active
happily—more happily—most happily
(2)不规则形式
good/well—better—best
far—farther/further—farthest/furthest
bad/ill/badly—worse—worst
2．等级用法的固定句型
(1)同级比较：as＋形容词/副词的原级＋as，其否定形式是“not as/so＋形容词/副词的原级＋as”。
(2)比较级结构：形容词/副词的比较级＋than; more/less＋多音节或某些双音节的形容词或副词＋than。常见的修饰比较级的词有any、much、even、far、by far、a lot、a great deal等。
The book is far more interesting than the books I have ever read.
这本书比我以前看的书有趣多了。
(3)最高级结构： the＋形容词的最高级(＋名词)＋比较范围(in/of/among短语)；one of the＋形容词的最高级＋名词复数。常用来修饰最高级的词有by far、almost，以及序数词等。
Raymond's parents wanted him to have the best possible education.
雷蒙德的父母想让他接受最好的教育。
3．比较级的常用句型
(1)“比较级＋and＋比较级”或“more and more＋原级”表示“越来越……”。
Holiday flight tickets are getting less and less expensive.
假期的机票越来越便宜了。
(2)“the＋比较级 ..., the＋比较级 ...”，表示“越……，越……”。
The more you listen and read, the better you write and speak.
你听得越多、读得越多，你的写作和口语就越好。
(3)“the＋比较级＋of (the)＋名词/代词”，表示“(两者中)较……的”。
Of the two cameras, I would prefer the smaller one, which is very easy for me to carry.
这两个照相机，我喜欢较小的一个，它容易携带。
4．比较级形式表达最高级的含义
(1)“否定词语＋比较级”或“否定词语＋such/so ... as”结构表示最高级含义。
Your story is perfect; I've never heard a better one before.
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你的故事太完美了，我从来没有听过比这更好听的故事。
(2)比较级在以下几种结构中均表示最高级含义：
①比较级＋than＋any other＋单数名词
②比较级＋than＋all the other＋复数名词
③比较级＋than＋any of the other＋复数名词
The Yangtze River is longer than any other river/than all the other rivers/than any of the other rivers in China.
长江比中国的其他任何一条河都长。
5．倍数表达法
常见的倍数句型主要有：
(1)A is＋倍数＋比较级＋than＋B
(2)A is＋倍数＋as＋原级＋as＋B
(3)A is＋倍数＋the＋名词(size、length、height等)＋of＋B
(4)the＋名词(size、length、height等)＋of A＋is＋倍数＋that＋of＋B
(5)A is＋倍数＋what引导的名词性从句
Smoking is harmful to people's health, killing seven times more people each year than traffic accidents.
吸烟有害健康，每年因抽烟而丧命的人比死于交通事故的多7倍。
单句小练(单句填空/单句改错)
1．It may not be a great suggestion. But before a (good) one is put forward, we'll make do with it.
答案与解析 better 句意：这可能不是一个好建议。但是在提出更好的建议之前，我们先将就用这个吧。根据句意可知，此处暗含比较含义，指一个更好的建议，“a＋比较级”表示“一个更……的”，故填better。
2．This is by far the (inspire) movie that I have ever seen.
答案与解析 most inspiring 句意：这是到目前为止我看过的最鼓舞人心的电影。后文“that I have ever seen”给出了范围，故应用形容词最高级；by far也常与最高级连用。
3．This restaurant wasn't half as (good) as that other restaurant we went to.
答案与解析 good as ... as ...结构是平级比较结构，第一个as后使用形容词的原级形式，故填good。句意：这家饭店不及我们去过的另一家的一半好。
4．To make matters bad, now I have to share a room with my younger sister, Maggie.
答案与解析 bad→worse 句意：更糟糕的是，现在我必须与我的妹妹Maggie共用一个房间。to make matters worse“更糟糕的是”。
题型Ⅰ 语法填空
真题在线
1．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)Even (bad), the amount of fast food that people eat goes up.
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答案与解析 worse 句意：更糟糕的是，人们所吃快餐的数量增加了。设空前是比较级修饰语Even, 故设空处应填比较级。注意bad/badly 的比较级和最高级分别是worse、worst。类似用法还有：what's worse/worse still/even worse “更糟糕的是”。
2．(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work, you should take a step back and identify (识别) those of (great) and less importance.
答案与解析 greater 句意：如果你因为工作职责而感到有压力的话，那么你应该退一步弄清哪些事情更重要，哪些事情不太重要。空后的and连接两个并列成分，设空处应与less并列，应用比较级，故填greater。
答题秘诀
1．设空后含有than ...结构时，用比较级。
2．设空前有用来修饰比较级的词语much、far、even、rather、any、a little、a bit、a great deal及倍数等时，用比较级。
3．表“越……，就越……”用“the＋比较级 ...，the＋比较级 ...”。
4．句中虽没有than，但暗含比较级，也用比较级。
5．设空后有表示范围的标志词“in＋范围”“of＋范围”“among＋范围”等时，用最高级。
6．设空前有(one of＋) the、the＋序数词、by far the等修饰词时，用最高级。
题型Ⅱ 短文改错
真题在线
3．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)A few minutes late, the instructor asked me to stop the car.
答案与解析 late→later 句意：几分钟之后，教练让我停车。作形容词时，later是late的比较级，如：Their deadline is quite late. Ours is even later. (他们的截止日期很迟，我们的更迟。)作副词的时候，late意为“迟”；later意为“稍后；随后”。故将late改为later。
4．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)They often get up earlier and water the vegetables together.
答案与解析 earlier→early 句意：他们经常一起早起浇菜。此处无比较对象和比较意义，用原级表示“早”。get up early“起得早”。early 可作形容词也可作副词。
答题秘诀
1．根据比较范围：判断形式是否正确。如果是两者之间的比较，用比较级；如果是三者或三者以上的比较，用最高级。
2．分析比较级前是否误加了more。
3．分析含有比较等级的固定句式。
4．区分late/later/lately、hard/hardly、close/closely等形近词或义近词的用；法。
集 训 新 思 路
小题夯基
Ⅰ.单句填空
1．Of all the cities in the world, one of the top six (healthy) cities is Copenhagen, Denmark.
答案与解析 healthiest 句意：世界上所有的城市中，位列前六名中最健康的城市之一是丹麦的哥本哈根。“one
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of＋the＋形容词最高级＋可数名词复数”为固定用法，意为“……中最……之一”，因此，此处应用形容词最高级，故填healthiest。
2．I was scanning the restaurant, waiting to sit at the first table that was (convenient) than others.
答案与解析 more convenient 根据句中的than可知，此处应用比较级；convenient是多音节词，比较级是more convenient。
3．China's (grand) and most important holiday, the Spring Festival has been celebrated in diverse ways throughout the country.
答案与解析 grandest 句意：作为中国最盛大、最重要的节日，春节在全国有各种各样的庆祝方式。and连接并列结构，后面是most important，所以前面也应该是最高级。
4．I know my sister (good) than anyone else.
答案与解析 better 句意：我比任何人都了解我姐姐。根据than可知，此处应用比较级。
5．The more support you win from others, the (fast) you will move toward your goal.
答案与解析 faster 句意：你赢得别人的支持越多，就会越快地接近你的目标。此处为“the＋比较级，the＋比较级”结构，意为“越……越……”；故此处应用比较级。
6．It's grown into the world's (big) and one of the world's best public bike systems.
答案与解析 biggest 句意：它已成长为世界最大、最好的公共自行车系统之一。and连接并列结构，后面是形容词最高级“最好的”，所以前面也应该是形容词的最高级“最大的”。
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．Alice kept weighing herself to see how much heavy she was getting.
答案与解析 heavy→heavier 根据语境可知此处表示“看看(比以前)重了多少”，因此要使用形容词heavy的比较级。
2．Before her next interview she should find out as many as she can about the job and the company.
答案与解析 many→much as much as和as many as均意为“多达”，但前者常用来修饰不可数名词，后者常用于修饰可数名词。句意：在她下次面试之前，她应该尽可能多地查找关于这个工作和这个公司的信息。由语境可知，此处应用much。
3．Since 1997 the incomes of the poor have risen more faster than the rich.
答案与解析 去掉more或more→much 句意：自从1997年以来穷人的收入的增长速度比富人的快。faster已是比较级，之前不能再用more，但可用much修饰。
4．Bicycling is good exercise; beside, it does not pollute the air.
答案与解析 beside→besides 句意：骑单车是一项非常好的运动；而且，还不会污染空气。这里表示的是“另外；而且”，表示进一步从另外一个角度阐明该问题，应用副词besides。
5．That is too much for us, considering how closely the houses are.
答案与解析 closely→close closely是副词，副词通常不能和系动词连用构成系表结构，应改为形容词close，本句“how close the houses are”中的close本应该是在系动词are的后面，构成系表结构are close。
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大题提能
Ⅰ.语法填空
(2018·绵阳一诊)For Nigel Portman, a love of travelling began with what's called a “gap year”. In common with many other British teenagers, he chose 1. (take) a year out before setting down to studying for his degree. After doing various 2. (job) to raise some money, he left home to gain some experience of life in different cultures, visiting America and Asia. The more adventurous the young person, the 3. (great) the challenge they are likely to set 4. (them) for the gap year, and for some, like Nigel, it can result in a thirst for adventure.
Now that his university course 5. (come) to an end, Nigel is just about to leave on a three-year trip that will take him right around the world. What's more, he plans to make the whole journey 6. (use) only means of transport which are powered by natural energy. In other words, he'll be relying 7. (main) on bicycles and his own legs; and when there's an ocean to cross, he won't be taking a shortcut (捷径) 8. flying aboard—he'll be joining the crew of a sailing ship, instead.
As well as doing some mountain climbing along 9. way, Nigel hopes to pass on to the people he meets the environmental message 10. lies behind the whole idea.
答案与解析
1．to take 考查非谓语动词。choose to do sth. “选择做某事”。
2．jobs 考查名词的数。设空前是形容词various，故设空应填名词复数形式。
3．greater 考查比较等级。设空所在句是“the ＋比较级，the ＋比较级”结构，故该空填great的比较级。
4．themselves 考查代词。此处指有冒险精神的人为自己设定挑战，故填反身代词。
5．has come 考查时态。设空所填谓语表已经发生的动作，应用现在完成时。
6．using 考查非谓语动词。he与use是逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词作状语。
7．mainly 考查词性转换。设空在句中作状语修饰谓语，应用副词。
8．by/through 考查介词。此处表“通过某种方式”，应用介词by/through。
9．the 考查冠词。along the way “沿路；一路上”。
10．that/which 考查定语从句。定语从句先行词是message，指物，从句中缺少主语，故用关系代词that/which引导定语从句。
Ⅱ.短文改错
(2018·湖北八校联考)The sun was just slowly come up over the mountains today as I took my dogs for its morning walk. I smiled as I watched the clouds gradually turn to white and gold. The air was cool and I wore a big smile in my face. Even though there weren't leaf on the trees, but I could still hear birds singing songs of spring. Even my dogs seemed to notice the different in the air. They were playing instead of just do their morning business in the grass. The particular golden sun seemed to make it a beautiful day. As I headed back, I realize something. The beauty of day didn't come from the warmth of the sun. It came from the warmth within my own heart and soul.
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答案与解析
The sun was just slowly up over the mountains today as I took my dogs for morning walk. I smiled as I watched the clouds gradually turn to white and gold. The air was cool and I wore a big smile my face. Even though there weren't on the trees, 或 I could still hear birds singing songs of spring.Even my dogs seemed to notice the in the air. They were playing instead of just their morning business in the grass. The golden sun seemed to make it a beautiful day. As I headed back, I something. The beauty of day didn't come from the warmth of the sun. It came from the warmth within my own heart and soul.
①come→coming 此处表“我散步时太阳正在升起”，表过去某时正在发生的动作，应用过去进行时。
②its→their 此处指遛狗，dog是复数形式，故用代词their。
③in→on 表“在我的脸上”，应用on my face。
④leaf→leaves 根据there be结构中的谓语动词were可知，leaf应用复数形式。
⑤去掉but或but改为yet even though引导让步状语从句，不与but连用，但可以与yet连用。
⑥different→difference(s) 作及物动词notice的宾语，应用名词，difference作“不同”讲时，是可数名词，故形容词different改为单数名词difference或复数名词differences。
⑦do→doing instead of后接动名词作宾语，故do改为doing。
⑧particular→particularly 在句中作状语，应用副词。
⑨realize→realized as引导的时间状语从句是一般过去时，故主句谓语用一般过去时。
⑩在day前加the 此处特指这一天的美丽，故在day前加定冠词the。
第3讲 词性转换 见学生用书P232
单句填空/单句改错
1．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)It is (certain) fun but the lifestyle is a little unreal.
答案与解析 certainly 句意：那肯定很有趣，但是那种生活方式有点不真实。设空后是形容词fun, 应用副词作状语，故填certainly。
练有小得 fun作名词时， 意为“乐趣；有趣的人或物”， 是不可数名词，前面不能加不定冠词，也没有复数形式。常用于短语have fun “玩得开心”；for fun “为了玩乐”；make fun of “取笑”。fun 作形容词时，
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意为“有趣的；给人欢乐的”。
2．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)I enjoyed studying difference kinds of cars and planes, playing pop music, and collecting the latest music albums.
答案与解析 difference→different 句意： 我喜欢研究各种汽车和飞机，弹奏流行音乐，收集最新唱片。修饰名词kinds应用形容词。different kinds of 表“各种各样的”。
重点一
名词与其他词类的词性转化★★★★★
1.动词变名词的后缀
(1)-al表示人、物、行为：(特殊：去e＋-al)
approve 赞成→approval 赞成
survive 幸存→survival 幸存
arrive 到达→arrival 到达
refuse 拒绝→refusal 拒绝
propose 提议→proposal 提议；建议
(2)-ance/-ence表示性质、状态或行为：
appear 出现→appearance 出现；外貌
perform 表演→performance 表演
exist 存在→existence 存在
prefer 较喜欢→preference 偏爱
refer 参考；查阅→reference 参考；查阅
depend 依靠→dependence 依赖；依靠
*guide 指引→guidance 引导；指导
(3)-ion/-tion/-ation表示状态或行为：
direct 指挥；指导→direction 方向；指导
expect 期待→expectation 期待；期望
*explain 解释→explanation 解释
invite 邀请→invitation 邀请；请柬
solve 解决→solution 解决
compete 竞争→competition 比赛；竞争
pronounce 发音→pronunciation 发音
describe 描述→description 描写
*repeat 重复→repetition 重复
(4)-s(s)ion表示行为或状态：
discuss 讨论→discussion 讨论
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admit 承认→admission 承认；准许加入
*decide 决定→decision 决定
(5)-ing具有……(特征)的：
hear 听→hearing 听力；听觉
listen 听→listening 听；听力
*begin 开始→beginning 开始部分
(6)-ment表示行为、结果等：
achieve 达到；完成→achievement 成就
develop 发展→development 发展
*(去e)argue 争论→argument 争论；论据
(7)-ure/-ture表示行为或状态：
fail 失败→failure 失败
press 压；挤→pressure 压力
mix 混合→mixture 混合物
*expose 暴露→exposure 面临；暴露
(8)-y表示……的动作(或过程)：
recover 恢复→recovery 恢复；痊愈
discover 发现→discovery 发现
其他常见变化：
choose 选择→choice 选择
vary 相异→variety 多样化；品种
tend 倾向→tendency 趋向；趋势
grow 生长→growth 生长
marry 结婚→marriage 婚姻
carry 搬→carriage 客车厢；运输
pack 收拾(行李)→package 包；盒
post 邮寄→postage 邮资；邮费
store 贮存→storage 贮存
2．形容词变名词的后缀
(1)-age集合：
short 短的→shortage 不足；短缺
(2)-cy表示性质、状态：
fluent 流利→fluency 流利；流畅
accurate 准确的→accuracy 准确(性)
private 私有的→privacy 隐私
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*efficient 效率高的→efficiency 效率
(3)-dom表示地位、状况等：
free 自由的→freedom 自由
*wise 明智的→wisdom 智慧
(4)-ness表示性质、状态：
dark黑的→darkness 黑暗
weak 虚弱的→weakness 虚弱
kind 友好的→kindness 善良
cold 寒冷的→coldness 冷淡；冷漠
aware 知道的；意识到的→awareness 知道；意识
(5)-th表示结果、过程、性质、状态：
warm 温暖的→warmth 温暖
true 真的→truth 真相
*deep 深的→depth 深(度)
strong 强壮的→strength 力量
long 长的→length 长度
wide 宽的→width 宽度
(6)-y/-ity表示性质或状态：
difficult 困难的→difficulty 困难
honest 诚实的→honesty 诚实
*safe 安全的→safety 安全
cruel 残忍的→cruelty 残忍
responsible 负责的→responsibility 责任
(7)-ent变为-ence，- ant变为-ance, -nd变为-nse：
different 不同的→difference 不同(之处)
silent 沉默的；不说话的→silence 寂静
respond 回应→response 响应
patient 有耐心的→patience 耐心
absent 缺席的→absence 缺席
present 出席的→presence 出席
confident 自信的→confidence 信心
convenient 方便的→convenience 便利
important 重要的→importance 重要(性)
defend 防御；保卫→defense/defence 防御；保护
单句小练(单句填空/单句改错)
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1．The book gives a detailed (explain) of the origin, the processing skills and the classification of tea.
答案与解析 explanation 根据空格前的detailed可知，空格处被形容词修饰，故用explain的名词形式。此题学生极易拼写错误，此类易拼写错误的名词有：safety、description、pronunciation、expectation、curiosity、preparation、difficulty、competition、competitor。
2．A good (choose) is to take the deserving person to dinner.
答案与解析 choice 空格处作主语，且空格前有不定冠词，故此处应用名词形式。
3．This contributed to the grow in the paper industry.
答案与解析 grow→growth 由介词to及定冠词the可知，应将动词grow改为名词growth。
重点二
形容词、副词后缀★★★★★
1.名词或动词转化为形容词的规律
类别
例词
词尾加-y
cloud→cloudy, luck→lucky, health→healthy, sleep→sleepy
词尾加
-(e)d
gift→gifted, talent→talented, advance→advanced
词尾加
-ful/-less
meaning→meaningful/meaningless, care→careful/careless, help→helpful/helpless, harm→harmful/harmless, home→homeless, color→colorful, use→useless/useful, thank→thankful, peace→peaceful
词尾加
-able
comfort→comfortable, knowledge→knowledgeable, accept→acceptable, respect→respectable
词尾加-ous
danger→dangerous, courage→courageous, humor→humorous
词尾的
-ce变为-t
confidence→confident, difference→different
词尾加-al
music→musical, person→personal, nation→national, education→educational, tradition→traditional
词尾加-ly
friend→friendly, week→weekly, love→lovely
词尾加-en
wood→wooden, wool→woolen
其他常
见变化
energy→energetic, fool→foolish, pleasure→pleasant/pleased, science→scientific
[以重读闭音节结尾的名词变成形容词时，要双写该辅音字母再加-y(如sun→sunny、fun→funny等)，以e结尾的名词要去掉e再加-y(如noise→noisy、ice→icy等)]
动词词尾
加-tive
attract→attractive, talk→talktive, prevent→preventive
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2.-ed形容词与-ing形容词
解决此类问题有两个切入点：第一，看语境表示的是“令人……”(-ing)，还是“感到……”(-ed)；第二，看语境说明的是性质特征(-ing)还是感受(-ed)。具体如下：
(1)-ing型形容词主要用于修饰事物，表示事物的性质或特征，常译为“令人……的”；修饰人时，则表示此人具有此性质或特征。
The story is very interesting.
这个故事很有趣。(故事本身有趣)。
The man is very interesting.
这个人很有趣。(人本身或人的性格有趣)
(2)-ed型形容词通常用于说明人的感受，常译为“感到……的”，强调人自身的情感波动；修饰事物时，则多修饰smile(微笑)、feeling(感觉)、appearance(外貌)、cry(哭)、face(面部表情)、voice(声音)、mood(情绪)、look(表情)等表示某人情感状况的名词。
He had a pleased smile on his face.
他脸上露出了满意的微笑。(a pleased smile意为“满意的微笑”，指某人因感到满意而露出的微笑)
He told me the news in a very excited voice.
他以非常激动的声音告诉了我这个消息。(a very excited voice意为“很激动的声音”，指某人因感到激动而发出的声音)
3．形容词转化为副词的规律
类别
例词
形容词＋后
缀-ly
clear→clearly, great→greatly, loud→loudly, sudden→suddenly, sincere→sincerely
以辅音字母加-y结尾的形容词，把y变成i再加-ly
happy→happily, heavy→heavily, angry→angrily, lucky→luckily, heavy→heavily, noisy→noisily
词尾为ble/le的形容词，去掉-e，再加-y
terrible→terribly, possible→possibly, gentle→gently, probable→probably, comfortable→comfortably, responsible→responsibly, suitable→suitably
词尾为-ue的形容词，去掉-e再加-ly
true→truly
词尾为-ll的形容词，直接加-y
full→fully, dull→dully
词尾为-ic的形容词，加-ally
basic→basically, scientific→scientifically,
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specific→specifically, automatic→automatically
单句小练(单句填空/单句改错)
4．But something made her look closer, and she noticed a (shine) object.
答案与解析 shiny/shining 句意：但是有个东西让她凑近看了一下，于是她注意到一个闪闪发光的东西。 设空前是冠词a，设空后的object是名词，故设空处应填形容词，说明事物的特征，意为“闪闪发光的”，填shiny或shining。
5．Chinese scientists (recent) had a chance to study a wild female panda with a newborn baby.
答案与解析 recently 句意：中国科学家最近有机会研究一个野生雌性大熊猫和它的小宝宝。设空在句中修饰谓语动词had, 应用副词作状语，故填recently，意为“最近”。
6． (lucky), he also had a cow which produced milk every day.
答案与解析 Luckily 设空在句中作评注性状语，修饰全句，应用副词。故填Luckily。注意句首单词首字母要大写；注意以辅音字母加-y结尾的形容词变副词应将-y改为-i再加-ly。
7．Others say, “You can't do that, and it is (possible)．”
答案与解析 impossible 考查词性转换。设空在句中作表语，故词性不变，根据and前一句中的can't do that可知，该处用possible的反义词impossible。
8．The fruits are small in size, but juicy and taste.
答案与解析 taste→tasty 本句中small、juicy和tasty是并列的表语，应用形容词。
题型Ⅰ 语法填空
真题在线
1．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)This development was only possible with the (introduce) of electric-powered engines and lifts.
答案与解析 introduction 句意：由设空前的定冠词the和设空后的介词of可知设空应填名词。动词introduce的名词是去掉词尾的字母e再加后缀-tion。the introduction of ...“介绍/引进……”。
2．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)The Central London Railway was one of the most (success) of these new lines, and was opened in 1900.
答案与解析 successful 句意：伦敦中心地铁是这些新开线路中最为成功的线路之一。它于1900年通车。the most of these new lines在句中作系动词was的表语，设空前是the most, 故设空填形容词与之构成最高级，名词success的形容词是successful。
3．(2015·全国卷Ⅱ)Walls made of adobe take in the heat from the sun on hot days and give out that heat (slow) during cool nights, thus warming the house.
答案与解析 slowly 句意：由土坯做的房子在热天吸收太阳的热量，在凉爽的夜晚慢慢放出热量，因此使房屋变暖。设空前是谓语give out, 应用副词作状语修饰，故填slowly。
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答题秘诀
1．利用句子成分定词性
(1)看到空格词作定语、表语、主语补足语或宾语补足语，要想到用形容词；看到空格词作状语，要想到用副词。
(2)所填词在句中作主语、宾语或表语用名词。
2．利用修饰语功能定词性
(1)看到空格词修饰名词，要想到用形容词；看到空格词修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子在句中作状语，要想到用副词。
(2)所填词被形容词、定冠词或形容词性物主代词所修饰要考虑名词形式。
题型Ⅱ 短文改错
真题在线
4．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)It was a relief and I came to a suddenly stop just in the middle of the road.
答案与解析 suddenly→sudden 句意：我如释重负，并在路中间紧急刹车。suddenly是副词，表示“意外地；忽然地”。sudden为形容词，表示“突然的；迅速的”，修饰名词stop。come to a sudden stop “突然停下”。故suddenly改为sudden。
5．(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)My uncle tells me that the key to his success is honest.
答案与解析 honest→honesty 句意：我的叔叔告诉我他成功的关键是诚实。系动词之后的表语说明主语key是“什么”，应用名词。honest “诚实的”，是形容词；honesty“诚实”，是名词。
答题秘诀
1．利用词类的用法确定用词
(1)名词前和系动词后应用形容词，行为动词前后、形容词前、过去分词前、句首和句尾等时应用副词。
(2)系动词后作表语表“……的”之意时用形容词，而不用副词或名词。
(3)作表语，说明主语是“什么”， 应用名词。
2．在改正过程中尤其注意改正词的拼写，如某个形容词变副词时，是去掉最后一个字母再加-ly或直接加-ly等。
集 训 新 思 路
小题夯基
Ⅰ.单句填空(注意特殊词形变化)
1．Whenever I made mistakes, I felt (discourage)．
答案与解析 discouraged discouraged在句中作表语说明主语人的心理感受，表“沮丧的”，应用discouraged。
2．Many nations and governments hold (variety)activities on this day.
答案与解析 various 设空后是名词activities, 故设空应用形容词作定语。variety 的形容词是various，意为“多样的”。
3．Dad tried to get out of the car, but (fortunate) he couldn't move because of the pain.
答案与解析 unfortunately 设空在句中作状语，应用副词，又根据句意“疼得不能动”可知，该处表“不幸的是”， 应用unfortunately。
4． (obvious), a good habit can help us get closer to our destinations.
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答案与解析 Obviously 设空在句中作状语，应用副词，故填Obviously。
5．After (graduate) in 2004, she continued to work for graduate students at the university.
答案与解析 graduation after graduation “毕业之后”。
6．The development of science and technology has (able) us to communicate with others whenever we want to.
答案与解析 enabled 设空在句中作谓语，应用动词，根据语境“科技的发展使我们随时能与他人交流”，故将able转化为动词enable，意为“使能够”。 设空前是助动词has，故填enable的过去分词形式enabled。
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．To my disappoint, I didn't get much lucky money as I had expected.
答案与解析 disappoint→disappointment to one's disappointment “令某人失望的是”。
2．Everything goes well at first but something terribly happened later.
答案与解析 terribly→terrible 修饰不定代词something作后置定语应用形容词，故terribly改为terrible。
3．Finally I arrived in England, and I felt very pleasing.
答案与解析 pleasing→pleased 在句中作表语说明主语人的心理感受，表“高兴的”，应用pleased。
4．I can deal with possible injuries proper.
答案与解析 proper→properly 在句中作状语修饰谓语动词can deal with，应用副词。
5．He made it clearly that all his students had never let him down.
答案与解析 clearly→clear 在句中作补语，应用形容词。make it clear that ...“把……讲清楚”。
6．These trains are comfort and run at a speed of 350km per hour.
答案与解析 comfort→comfortable 在句中作表语应用形容词，comfort是名词。
大题提能
Ⅰ.语法填空
(2018·湖北高三联考)Qian Zhongshu was 1. Chinese scholar and writer, 2. (know) for his wit and erudition (博学)．
Despite failing in mathematics, Qian was accepted 3. the Department of Foreign Languages of Tsinghua University in 1929 because of his excellent 4. (perform) in Chinese and English languages. In Tsinghua, he met his wife Yang Jiang, who was 5. (become) a successful playwright and translator, and 6. (marry) her in 1935. In the same year, Qian received government sponsorship to further his studies abroad.
Together with his wife, Qian headed for the University of Oxford in Britain. After 7. (spend) two years at Exeter College, he received a Bachelor of Literature. He then studied for one more year in the University of Paris in France before returning to China in 1938.
Qian lived in Shanghai from 1941 to 1945, which was then under Japanese 8. (occupy). Many of his works were written or published during this period of time. A collection of short 9. (essay), Written in the Margins of Life, 10. (publish) in 1941. His most celebrated work Fortress
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Besieged appeared in 1947. On the Art of Poetry, written in classical Chinese, came out in 1948.
答案与解析
1．a 考查冠词。根据语境可知，此处表示泛指，指学者兼作家，且Chinese的发音以辅音音素开头，故填a。
2．known 考查非谓语动词。be known for sth.“以某事知名，以某物闻名”，此处在句中作状语，故填known。
3．into 考查介词。短语accept sb. into sth.为固定用法，意为“接收某人进入……”。
4．performance 考查词性转换。由空前的his excellent可知，此处应用名词作介词of的宾语，故填performance。
5．to become 考查非谓语动词。根据语境可知，此处表示“她即将成为一位成功的剧作家兼翻译家”，结合空前的was可知，此处应用不定式表示将来，故填to become。
6．married 考查动词时态。根据语境并分析句子结构可知，动词marry与上文中的met之间是并列关系，且由时间状语in 1935可知，应填married。
7．spending 考查非谓语动词。由空前的介词After可知，空处应填动词-ing形式作宾语。
8．occupation 考查词性转换。根据空前的介词under和形容词Japanese可知，空处应用名词occupation。under occupation意为“被占领”。
9．essays 考查名词的数。essay为可数名词，其前没有限定词修饰，应用复数形式，故填essays。
10．was published 考查动词时态与语态。根据语境可知，此处表示Written in the Margins of Life于1941年出版，publish与其主语之间是被动关系，且由时间状语in 1941可知，此处应用一般过去时的被动语态。
Ⅱ.短文改错
(2018·成都摸底测试)I enjoyed many performances in Argentina. But what impressed me more was the dance performance. I used to dance a lot when I am young, although I never was a good dancer. But Argentinian dancers who made dancing so easily that everyone felt like dancing with them. Visit some distant villages also gave me deeper taste of the original Argentinian culture. Among all those place of interest, my favourite one was a mountain. Fortunately, when I arrived there in a cold winter morning, I couldn't see much. However, the unusual peace and snow-blanketed winter views still impressed you a lot.
答案与解析
I enjoyed many performances in Argentina. But what impressed me was the dance performance. I used to dance a lot when I young, although I never was a good dancer. But Argentinian dancers made dancing so that everyone felt like dancing with them. some distant villages also gave me deeper taste of the original Argentinian culture. Among all those of interest, my favourite one was a mountain. when I arrived there a cold winter morning, I couldn't see
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much. However, the unusual peace and snow-blanketed winter views still impressed a lot.
①more→most 根据上文中的many可知，dance performance是众多performances中给作者印象最深的。句型What impresses (impressed) sb. most is/was ...意思是“使某人印象最深的是……”。
②am→was 根据本句中的“used to dance”(过去常常跳舞)和“was”可知，“在我年轻时”应用一般过去时，故am改为was。
③去掉who 分析句子结构可知，该句的主语是Argentinian dancers，谓语是made，且该句含有so ... that ...结构，所以句中who是多余的，故去掉who。
④easily→easy 固定结构“make＋宾语＋宾补”，宾补修饰动名词dancing，应用形容词。故easily改为easy。
⑤Visit→Visiting 句中谓语为gave，动名词短语作句子主语，故Visit改为Visiting。
⑥deeper前加a 该句中taste是名词，“a taste of ...”意为“……的体验”，符合语境。故在deeper前加a。
⑦place→places place为可数名词，且前面有those修饰，故place改为places。
⑧Fortunately→Unfortunately 句子“when I arrived there ... I couldn't see much”意为“在一个寒冷的早晨，当我到达那里的时候，我没有看到许多”，由此可知，作者感到的是“不幸”而不是“幸运”，故Fortunately改为Unfortunately。
⑨in→on 短语in the morning意为“在早晨(上午)”，表示泛指，但是当morning前有修饰词时，其前用介词on，故in改为on。
⑩you→me 整个短文讲述了作者在Argentina的一次旅行经历，末句总结了作者这次旅行的感受，故you改为me。
专题三 不可忽视的小词——代词、冠词、介词(短语)和动词短语
第1讲 代词 见学生用书P236
单句填空/单句改错
1．(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)On my recent visit, I held a lively three-month-old twin that had been rejected by (it) mother.
答案与解析 its 句意：在最近的一次拜访中，我抱着一个被母亲抛弃的3个月大的活泼的双胞胎。设空后是名词mother，应用形容词性物主代词作定语修饰，填its。
2．(2014·全国卷Ⅰ)The river was so polluted that actually caught fire and burned.
答案与解析 it 句意：这条河被污染得如此严重以至于都能起火燃烧起来。根据句子结构可知从句中缺少主语，且根据句意可知，设空处指代主语The river，故填it。
3．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)When I look at this picture of myself, ... This picture often brings back to me many happy memories of your high school days.
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答案与解析 your→my 此处介绍的是我的故事，因此这里应该是我高中时期的回忆。上下文的人称应该保持一致。
重点一
人称代词、物主代词与反身代词★★★★★
人称
分类
单数
复数
一
二
三
一
二
三
人称代
词主格
I
you
he, she,
it
we
you
they
人称代
词宾格
me
you
him，
her，it
us
you
them
形容词性
物主代词
my
your
his，
her, its
our
your
their
名词性物
主代词
mine
yours
his，
hers, its
ours
yours
theirs
反身代词
myself
yourself
himself，
herself，
itself
ourselves
yourselves
themselves
疑问代词
who, whom, whose, which, what
[提示] (1)人称代词的主格在句中作主语，宾格在句中作动词或介词的宾语。
(2)形容词性物主代词只能在名词前作定语，名词性物主代词相当于“形容词性物主代词＋名词”，在句中作主语、宾语、表语或与of连用作后置定语。
(3)反身代词在句中可以作enjoy、teach、hurt、buy、introduce等动词和by、for、to等介词的宾语，还可以作主语或宾语的同位语。
(4)含有反身代词的习惯用语
by oneself 独自；独立地
for oneself 亲自
of oneself 自动地
in oneself 本质上；本身
help oneself to 随便吃/用
enjoy oneself 玩得开心
teach oneself 自学
make yourself at home 别客气
say to oneself 自言自语
think for oneself 独立思考
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seat oneself 就座
come to oneself 苏醒；恢复知觉
be not oneself 身体不舒服
behave oneself 举止规矩
单句小练(单句填空/单句改错)
1．On my desk is a photo that my father took of when I was a baby.
答案与解析 me 设空处作介词of的宾语，应用人称代词宾格；再结合句意“我的桌子上有张我小时候父亲为我拍的照片”可知，填me。
2．The fruits are so many that we often share with our neighbors.
答案与解析 them 句意：这么多的水果以至于我们经常与邻居分享。设空处作share的宾语，指代前面的fruits，故用them。
3．They do it because the platform allows their voice to be heard and constantly encourages them to improve (they)．
答案与解析 themselves 句意：他们这样做，是因为这样可以使舞台起到让他们的声音被听得更清楚的作用，并不断地鼓励他们提升自己。此处作动词improve的宾语，且与them所指为同一对象，故填反身代词themselves。
4．All the elderly had a good time with them. When lunch time came, we had to say goodbye to them.
答案与解析 第一个them→us 此处为介词with的宾语，应用宾格；再根据是“我们”去敬老院慰问，故改为us。
5．Yesterday I saw a friend of I across the street.
答案与解析 第二个I→mine 句意：昨天我在街对面看见了我的一个朋友。a friend of mine意为“我众多朋友中的一位”，此短语中要用名词性物主代词。
重点二
it的用法★★★★★
1.指时间、距离、天气、日期、温度等。
It's early spring, but it is already hot.
现在是初春，但是天气已经很热了。
2．指代前面提到过的事物、群体、想法等或代替指示代词this、that。
Although he didn't like it, I decided to see the movie anyway.
尽管他不喜欢这部电影，但我还是决定去看一看。
3．当说话者弄不清对方是谁，不清楚或没必要知道说话对象的性别时，可以用it来指代。
What will you call it if it is a boy?
要是男孩的话，你会给他取个什么名字？
4．作形式主语或形式宾语，代替不定式、动名词或名词性从句。
It is dangerous for you to swim in the river.
你在这条河里游泳是危险的。(it作形式主语，to swim in the river是真正的主语)
He didn't make it clear when and where the meeting would be held.
他没说清楚何时何地举行会议。(it作形式宾语，从句when and where ...是真正的宾语)
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[总结] 常用it作形式主语或形式宾语的句式：
It is a pity/shame that ...真可惜/丢人……
It is no wonder that ... 难怪……
It seems/appears that ... 似乎/看来……
It looks/seems as if/as though ... 看起来好像……
It happens that ... 碰巧……
It occurs to/comes to/strikes/hits sb. that ...某人突然想起……
It was/will be＋一段时间＋before从句
过了/要过多久才……
It wasn't/ won't be＋一段时间＋before从句
没过多久就……
It is/has been＋一段时间＋since从句
自从……以来有多久了
It is said/reported/announced/believed/hoped/suggested that ...
据说/据报道/据宣布/人们认为/人们希望/人们建议……
It is no use/good doing sth.做某事没有用/好处。
It takes sb. some time to do sth.
做某事花费某人多长时间。
It is certain that ...……是一定的。
主语＋表示情感倾向的动词(enjoy、prefer、love、like、hate、dislike、appreciate等)＋it＋that/if/when ...
5．用于强调句型“It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who ...”
John's success has nothing to do with good luck. It is years of hard work that has made him what he is today.
约翰的成功和好运气没关系。是多年的努力工作才使他有了今天。
单句小练(单句填空/单句改错)
6．As one volunteer once put ， “I feel as though I am able to help in the world and use my skills.”
答案与解析 it as sb. put it “正如某人所说”。
7．Is necessary to take off our shoes when we enter the lab?
答案与解析 it it是形式主语，真正的主语是不定式to take off ...。
8．He told me that he had a habit of keeping a diary every day. “You can try them, too. I'm sure you will improve your written English quickly in this way.”
答案与解析 them→it 根据语境可知，此处指代上文提到的“记日记的习惯”，habit是单数，应用代词it指代。
重点三
不定代词★★☆☆☆
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1.other, the other, another, others, the others
other、the other、another、others、the others这一组词易混淆，考生在解题时应注意考虑上下文的语境及这些词的基本用法。
(1)other不能单独使用，常与复数名词连用，如果前面有the、some、any、each、every、no以及形容词性物主代词，也可与可数名词单数连用。
(2)others表示泛指，相当于“other＋复数名词”，可构成some ... others ...“一些……另一些”。
(3)“the other＋单数可数名词”特指两者中的另一个，常有one ... the other ...“一个……另一个……”的搭配，其复数形式为“the others”或“the other＋复数名词”，特指在某些人或物中，除去一部分后，其余的人或物。
(4)another指三者或三者以上中的另一个，表示泛指，后接单数名词，也可以用于“another＋数词＋名词复数”表示“另外几个……”的含义。
2．one(s), that, those
在文中为避免重复，one(s)、that、those等都可以用来代替上文出现的名词：
(1)one代替的是前面提到的同类异物中的任何一个，相当于“a/an＋单数名词”；ones用来代替前面出现的复数名词，也表泛指。
(2)that代替前面提到的同类异物中特指的事物，所代替的名词可以是可数名词单数，也可以是不可数名词，其前面通常不能有修饰语，但可以有后置定语。
(3)those代替前面提到的同类异物中特指的事物，只能指代可数名词复数，相当于the ones。
(4)具体公式可牢记：
a/an＋可数名词单数＝one
the＋可数名词单数＝that/the one
the＋不可数名词＝that
the＋可数名词复数＝the ones/those
可数名词复数＝ones
3．both、all、either、any、neither、none的用法
都
任一
都不
两者
both
either
neither
三者或三者以上
all
any
none
4.something、anything、nothing的用法
句式
语意
something
肯定句
某事，某物
疑问句
请求、征求意见
anything
条件句、否定句、疑问句
任何东西(事物)
肯定句
任何东西(事物)
nothing
陈述句
没有一点东西
[提示] 固定搭配：anything but(根本不)、 nothing but(只不过；仅仅)、 all but(差不多)、 none
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but(仅仅；只有)。everything意为“每件事物；所有事物”，强调整体，与not连用时表示部分否定，意为“并不是所有事物都……”。
5．none、no one/nobody、nothing的用法
指代
回答
特/泛指
none
人或物
how many/much
特指
no one/nobody
指人
who
泛指
nothing
指物
what
泛指
[提示] no one(无任何人)、nothing(无任何事)、none(无任何上文提到的人或物)。
6．many、much、few、a few、little、a little的区别
(1)many修饰或替代可数名词复数；much修饰或替代不可数名词。两者均表示“许多”。
(2)few修饰或替代可数名词复数；little修饰或替代不可数名词。用于否定句，表示“几乎没有”。
(3)a few修饰或替代可数名词复数；a little修饰或替代不可数名词。用于肯定句，表示“一些”。
He can speak a little French, but he knows little English.
他能说点法语，但是几乎不懂英语。
单句小练(单句填空)
9．It was one of those terribly hot days in Baltimore. Needless to say, it was too hot to do outside.
答案与解析 anything 句意：这一天是巴尔的摩最热的天之一。不用说，太热了以至于在外面什么都不能做。too ... to ...表示否定意义，在否定句中用anything。
10．Good families are much to all their members, but to none.
答案与解析 everything 句意：好的家庭对其所有成员意义重大，但对他们来说并非意味着全部。根据句意可知，but后的分句表示部分否定。everything意为“一切；全部”，与否定词连用，表示部分否定。
11．She'd lived in London and Manchester, but she liked and moved to Cambridge.
答案与解析 neither 句意：她曾经在伦敦和曼彻斯特生活，但是她不喜欢这两个城市，然后搬到了剑桥。根据London和Manchester可知，是指两者，根据moved to Cambridge可知设空处表示“两者都不”，故用neither。
题型Ⅰ 语法填空
真题在线
1．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months, more than 25,000 people were using every day.
答案与解析 it 句意：然而，该地铁很快被证明是巨大的成功，在六个月内，每天超过25 000的人使用它。根据语境可知，此处应用it指代文中的the railway。
2．(2017·浙江卷)Pahlsson screamed so loudly that her daughter came running from the house. “She thought I had hurt (I)，” says Pahlsson.
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答案与解析 myself 设空所在句句意：帕拉森说：“她以为我伤了自己。”根据句意可知，此处用反身代词myself。当句子的主语和动词的宾语指相同的人或物时，用反身代词。
3．(2016·四川卷)By that time, the panda no longer needed (it) mother for food.
答案与解析 its 句意：到那时，熊猫不再需要它妈妈喂食了。设空在句中作定语，修饰名词mother，应用形容词性物主代词，故填its。
答题秘诀
当句子缺少主语或宾语时，一般要填代词；确定填代词之后，再看一下设空处所填代词是否与前文提到的人或物有指代关系。
1．作主语：人称代词主格(I、we、you、he、she、they、it)。
2．作宾语：人称代词宾格(me、us、you、him、her、them、it)、名词性物主代词(yours、mine、his、hers、ours、theirs、its)。
3．作表语：宾格代词或名词性物主代词。
4．作定语：形容词性物主代词(your、my、his、her、their、our、its)。
5．如果宾语与主语是指同一人，用反身代词(myself、yourself、himself，herself、itself，ourselves、yourselves、themselves)，同时注意数的变化。
6．填it的情况：作形式主语或形式宾语一定用it；指代前面提到的同一个事物或情况；固定搭配，如make it(成功；按时到达)。
题型Ⅱ 短文改错
真题在线
4．(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)If we go on a trip abroad, we can broaden your view.
答案与解析 your→our 句意：如果我们出国旅游，我们就能拓宽视野。此处应用our与主语we保持一致，故your改为our。
5．(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)I thought I knew everything and could make decisions by yourself.
答案与解析 yourself→myself by oneself“独自地；单独地”，句子主语是第一人称单数I，故yourself改为myself。
答题秘诀
1．避免张冠李戴，注意前后人称、性别、单复数的一致。
2．分析句子成分，正确使用人称代词、物主代词和反身代词。
3．系统掌握it的用法，准确把握不定代词的用法。
集 训 新 思 路
小题夯基
Ⅰ.单句填空
1．But isn't easy to get a book of mine published.
答案与解析 it it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式。
2．He could hear (they) breath clearly using the new scientific method.
答案与解析 their 设空后是名词breath, 故设空应填形容词性物主代词their。
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3．I noticed a young Chinese couple staring at (we) when we were waiting for the light to change.
答案与解析 us 设空前是介词at，故设空应填宾格代词us。
4．With (it) famous natural beauty and cultural heritages, Hangzhou is well known as one of China's most important tourist attractions.
答案与解析 its 句意：拥有著名的自然美景和文化遗产的杭州，作为中国最重要的旅游景点而闻名遐迩。设空后是名词短语“famous natural beauty and cultural heritages”，应用形容词性物主代词修饰，故填it的形容词性物主代词its。
5．When you reach the station, first check the big screen for (you) train number and the waiting room.
答案与解析 your 设空后是名词train number，应用形容词性物主代词。
6．When we fight for our goals, we will be devoted to what we are doing and try to improve (we).
答案与解析 ourselves 根据句意“努力提高我们自己”可知，该处用反身代词ourselves。
7．The summer holiday is around the corner. Do you have any plan for ？
答案与解析 it 代替前面出现的名词The summer holiday应用代词it。
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．Some hobbies are very expensive, but other are valuable only to their owners.
答案与解析 other→others 句意：一些爱好是昂贵的，但是另外一些知识对于它们的主人来说是很珍贵的。some ... others ...“一些……另外一些……”。
2．I would appreciate if you could consider my application.
答案与解析 appreciate后加it I would appreciate it if ...“如果……我将不胜感激”，在该句型中it是形式宾语。
3．However, autumn is the one I like best. Below are the reasons why I have a preference for them.
答案与解析 them→it 上一句提到喜欢秋天，故该处用代词it代替名词autumn。
4．As is known to we all, America's national pastime is baseball.
答案与解析 we→us 在句中作介词to 的宾语，应用宾格代词us。
5．I didn't feel interested in something until my best friend came up to help me.
答案与解析 something→anything 根据句意“我对任何事情都不感兴趣”可知，该处用不定代词anything。
大题提能
Ⅰ.语法填空
(2018·陕西模考)When I was a university student, I 1. (attract) by the Chinese. So I got a job as a teacher in Wuhan three years ago. 2. (think) back, I realize it was the students I met in the first year and Chinese university life in general 3. gave me the deepest impression.
During my school days, I would rarely give up my spare time to any activity 4. (connect) with study. Unless exams were approaching, my weekends were devoted to having fun or perhaps a part-time job. My Chinese classmates, 5. the other hand, seemed to spend their entire waking hours studying.
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I understand that competition in Chinese universities is extremely fierce. However, their energy and motivation put 6. (I) to shame.
My first year in China was also my first year as a teacher. It was both challenging 7. rewarding. One thing I know for certain is that my year in Wuhan helped me change for the 8. (good). Thanks to the politeness and 9. (warm) of Chinese students, I overcame my fear of speaking in public and became more self-confident. Most 10. (important), I met dozens of nice people and made many excellent friends.
答案与解析
1．was attracted 考查动词的时态和语态。分析句子结构可知，所填词作谓语。主语I与动词attract为被动关系，所以空处应用被动语态；结合时间状语从句“When I was a university student”可知，此处陈述的是过去的情况，故所填谓语动词用一般过去时；且主句主语为I，故填was attracted。
2．Thinking 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，动词think与I为逻辑上的主谓关系，且非谓语动词所表示的动作几乎与谓语realize所表示的动作同时发生，故此处应用动词-ing形式；且所填词位于句首，故填Thinking。
3．that 考查强调句型。谓语动词realize之后所接的是省略that的宾语从句，而该从句属于强调句型，所强调的是“the students I met ... in general”，包含人和事物，所以空处应填that。
4．connected 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，动词connect与activity是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用connect的过去分词形式作后置定语。
5．on 考查固定搭配。由语境可知，此处表示两种情况的对比，再结合关键词the other hand可知，此处应用介词on。on the other hand为固定搭配，意为“另一方面”。
6．me 考查代词。所填词在动词后，故用人称代词I的宾格形式me。
7．and 考查连词。此处表示“这既具有挑战性又有意义”。both ... and ...意为“两者都；既……又……”。
8．better 考查形容词比较级。结合下文的“I overcame my fear of speaking in public and became more self-confident”可知，此处指的是“在武汉的这一年使我变得更好”，故用better。
9．warmth 考查词性转换。thanks to为介词短语，其后可接名词作宾语，又结合“politeness and”可知，空处应填warm的名词形式warmth。
10．importantly 考查词性转换。结合语境可知，此处表示“最重要的是”，修饰整个句子，应用副词，故填importantly。
Ⅱ.短文改错
(2018·湖北高三联考)Nowadays, more and more Confucius Institutes are being building all over the world, that shows our Chinese culture has become more popular than ever. On the one hand, the ancient Chinese culture once had a great influence in other cultures, especially those of Asian country. On other hand, our Chinese culture constantly developed throughout the long history, thus made it more colorful and more brilliant. Confucius Institutes are good places where to learn about the Chinese culture. Whoever want to know more about it must spend more time. Therefore, he or she cannot have a well knowledge of the Chinese culture.
答案与解析
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Nowadays, more and more Confucius Institutes are being all over the world, shows our Chinese culture has become more popular than ever. On the one hand, the ancient Chinese culture once had a great influence other cultures, especially those of Asian On other hand, our Chinese culture constantly developed throughout the long history, thus
it more colorful and more brilliant. Confucius Institutes are good places to learn about the Chinese culture. Whoever to know more about it must spend more time. he or she cannot have a knowledge of the Chinese culture.
①building→built 根据句中的“are being”可知，此处是现在进行时的被动语态，故building改为built。
②that→which 此处为非限制性定语从句，关系代词that不能引导非限制性定语从句，且关系代词指代整个主句，故that改为which。
③in→on have an influence on ...意为“对……产生影响”，为固定搭配，故in改为on。
④country→countries country是可数名词，结合其前的those of Asian可知，故用其复数形式countries。
⑤other前加the 短语On the one hand ... on the other hand ...意思是“一方面……另外一方面……”，为固定短语，故在other前加the。
⑥made→making 分析句子结构可知，此处应用make的现在分词形式作状语，表示一种自然而然的结果，故make改为making。
⑦去掉where 分析句子结构可知，“to learn about the Chinese culture”为不定式短语作后置定语修饰good places，故where为多余成分。
⑧want→wants Whoever是不定代词，作主语时谓语动词应用单数形式，且此处描述的是客观情况，故用一般现在时，故want改为wants。
⑨Therefore→Otherwise 根据语境可知，此处应将Therefore改为Otherwise，表示“如果不做某事，就会发生不好的事”。
⑩well→good 此处应用形容词修饰名词knowledge。have a good knowledge of ...意为“对……掌握良好”。
第2讲 冠词、介词(短语)和动词短语 见学生用书P239
一、冠词
单句填空/单句改错
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1．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)Instead, she is earning $6,500 a day as model in New York.
答案与解析 a model“模特”，为可数名词。此处表示泛指，前面要用不定冠词修饰。又因为model的发音以辅音音素开头，故用a。选择冠词时，要注意根据语境判断是表示特指还是泛指。通常情况下，表示特指时常译为“这个……，这些……”，而泛指时则译为“一个……”。
2．(2015·全国卷Ⅲ)The adobe dwellings are admired by even most modern of architects and engineers.
答案与解析 the 句意： 这些土坯房甚至受到了最前卫的建筑师和工程师的青睐。根据设空后的最高级标志词most可知此处填定冠词the。
3．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)They live far from the school, and it takes them about a hour and a half to go to work every day.
答案与解析 a→an/one hour的发音以元音音素开头，故其前冠词应用an，故将a改为an。又因为此处表示“一个半小时”，可以用one hour and a half表达，故也可以将a改为one。
重点一
不定冠词★★★★★
1.不定冠词的基本用法
(1)用在第一次提到的可数名词单数前，表泛指。
At that time, I was working in a factory. The factory produces car parts.
那时，我在一家工厂工作。那家工厂生产各种汽车部件。
(2)泛指一类人或事物或指同类中的“一个”。
Experts think that the recently discovered painting may be a Picasso.
专家们认为最近发现的那幅画可能是毕加索的作品。
(3)表示“每”，相当于per，用在表示价格、速度、频率等的短语中。
Prices start at ￡13.95 a yard for printed cotton.
印花棉布以每码13.95英镑的价格起售。
(4)表示数量“一”(强调时用one)或“任何一个”。
Suddenly they heard a loud noise.
他们突然听到砰的一声噪音。
(5)表示“某一个”，相当于a certain。
There is a Mr. Smith on the phone.
有位史密斯先生打电话来。
(6)表示“同一；相同”，相当于the same。
They happen to be of an age and wear clothes of a color.
他们碰巧同龄而且穿着同色衣服。
(7)不定冠词与物质名词或抽象名词连用
抽象名词和物质名词在表示概念时，其前常用零冠词；但在表示具体的人或事物时变成了可数名词，需要与不定冠词连用，表示“一个”“一种”“一场”“一阵”等。具有此用法的名词有：
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物质名词：rain、snow、fog、wind、drink、coffee、beer、fire、paper等；
抽象名词：success、failure、surprise、pleasure、beauty、wonder、comfort、danger、shock等。
The operation is a success and the patient is now out of danger.
手术很成功，病人目前脱离了危险。
After preparing all the equipment for an outdoor photography, suddenly a heavy rain came.
为户外摄影做好一切准备后，突然下起了大雨。
2．定冠词the的用法
(1)特指前面已提及的人或物，或双方都知道的人或物。
Take your time—it's just a short distance from here to the restaurant.
不着急——从这里到那家餐馆只有很短的一段距离。
(2)用于单数可数名词或形容词及分词前，表“一类人或物”。
The explosion saw people rush to help the injured.
爆炸发生后，人们赶到现场帮助受伤的人。
(3)用于表示朝代、年代的名词前，或用于整十的数词复数(表示某个年代)前。
It's said that corn was grown a lot in Tibet in the 17th century.
据说在十七世纪的时候玉米在西藏大量种植。
(4)用于表示姓氏的复数名词前，表示“一家人”或“夫妇俩”。
The Smiths lived in the apartment above ours.
史密斯夫妇住在我们楼上的公寓里。
(5)用于序数词或形容词最高级前使用定冠词表示“最……的”。
[提示] 当序数词不表示顺序而表示“又一；再一”时，用不定冠词，如a second time，意为“再一次；又一次”。
(6)用于“动词＋sb.＋介词＋the＋表示身体某一部位的名词”结构中，该结构中的the不能用物主代词代替。如take sb. by the arm“抓某人的胳膊”。
(7)用于“by＋the＋表示计量单位的单数名词”结构中，表示“按……计算”。如by the hour/day/week/month/kilo/ton/dozen等。但size、weight、time这类名词跟by连用时，不加冠词，如by height/weight。
3．零冠词的基本用法
(1)专有名词、物质名词、抽象名词、人名、地名等名词前，一般不加冠词，如China、America、Smith。
(2)表示季节、月份、星期和节日的名词前和学科、语言、三餐、球类运动、棋类游戏的名词前不用冠词。
I like physics though it's a bit difficult.
尽管物理有点难，但我很喜欢。
[提示] (1)表示语言的名词之后有language时则要加定冠词，如the English language。
(2)如果表示季节的名词指具体某年的某个季节，需加定冠词，如in the spring of the year 2012。
(3)在中国的节日前用定冠词the，如the Spring Festival。
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(3)称呼语及表示独一无二的头衔、职务的名词作宾语补足语及同位语时，不加冠词。常用的名词有king、president、chairman、monitor、head等。
(4)系动词turn后的单数名词作表语时，单数名词前不加冠词。
After years of hard work, Tom turned engineer while Mary good manager.
多年的努力后汤姆成了工程师，而玛丽成了好经理。
(5)在as/though引导的部分倒装句中，“零冠词＋单数名词＋as/though＋主语＋谓语＋主句”，意为“虽然/尽管……但是……”。
Hero as/though he is, he has some shortcomings.
尽管他是个英雄，但他有些缺点。
单句小练(单句填空/单句改错)
1．A mouse, because of unlucky chance, made close friends with an evil frog. One day, frog played a trick on the mouse.
答案与解析 an; the 第一空后是形容词unlucky, 是以元音音素开始的单词，应用不定冠词an; 第二空frog是可数名词，且在本题中第二次出现，应用定冠词the。
2．Light travels at speed which is about a million times faster than speed of sound.
答案与解析 a; the 第一空虽有限制性定语从句修饰，但表示泛指，意为“一种……(的速度)”，故应用不定冠词；第二空表特指，特指声音的速度，故应用定冠词。
3．It proved that concert given by their friends was great success.
答案与解析 the; a 第一空后用过去分词作后置定语进行修饰，表示特指，故用定冠词；第二空是抽象名词具体化，故应用不定冠词。
4．I'm sure we'll have a pleasant time and a unforgettable experience as well.
答案与解析 unforgettable前的a→an 此处泛指“一次难忘的经历”，unforgettable的发音以元音音素开头，故用不定冠词an。
重点二
冠词的固定搭配★★★★★
1．不定冠词用于固定搭配中
at a loss 不知所措；困惑
have a word with 与……谈话
all of a sudden 突然
in a hurry 匆忙地
as a rule 通常
be on a visit 参加；拜访
as a matter of fact 事实上
as a result 因此
be on a diet 节食
have a gift for 在某方面有天赋
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have/catch a cold 感冒
make a living 谋生
have/take a rest 休息
in a way 从某种意义上说
give sb. a lift 让某人搭便车
2．定冠词用于固定短语中
at the moment 此刻；目前
at the same time 同时
not in the least 一点也不
on the contrary 相反
in the end 最后；最终
on the whole 总的来说
to tell the truth 说实话
in the distance 在远处
on the other hand 另一方面
to the point 中肯；切题
make the most of 充分利用；最大限度地从某物获益
by the way 顺便说一下
go to the cinema/theater 去看电影/戏剧
in the middle of 在……中间
3．零冠词用于固定短语中
on purpose 故意地
by chance 碰巧
catch/on fire 着火
at dawn/dusk 在黎明/黄昏
face to face 面对面地
in debt 负债
in fact 实际上
make room for 给……让出空间
out of date 过时的
heart and soul 全心全意地
in danger 在危险中
in return 作为回报
side by side 肩并肩地
from time to time 不时地
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hand in hand 手拉手
day after day 天天地；日复一日地
day by day 一天天；渐渐地
out of place 不合适
on foot 步行
in place 在正确位置
4．冠词有无，意义不同
in charge of“负责”/in the charge of ...“由……负责”；in prison“在坐牢”/in the prison“在监狱里”；at table“在吃饭”/at the table“在桌旁”；out of question“毫无疑问”/out of the question“不可能”；by day“在白天”/by the day“按天计算”。
单句小练(单句填空/单句改错)
5．With the development of society, our country is badly in need of those with better command of computer skills.
答案与解析 a a ... command of ...“精通/掌握……”。
6．We slept in a tent and took long walk every day.
答案与解析 a take a walk“去散步”。
7．In eyes of children, playing on the Internet can only bring them great fun.
答案与解析 the in the eyes of“在……心目中”。
8．I was always interested to see the drivers in hurry in the morning.
答案与解析 hurry前加a in a hurry 意为“匆忙”，是一个固定搭配。
题型Ⅰ 语法填空
真题在线
1．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)As result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing.
答案与解析 a 句意：结果，人们将吃更多的食物以尽力弥补损失的东西。固定短语as a result表示“结果”，故填a。
2．(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)While one is being bottle-fed, other is with mum.
答案与解析 the 句意：一个用奶瓶喂养，另一个和妈妈在一起。one ... the other ...意为“一个……另一个……”。
3．(2016·上海卷)You can tell when you are over the top and on the downward slope, by asking yourself number of questions.
答案与解析 a 句意：通过自查许多问题，你能够断定你处在巅峰还是低谷。a number of意为“许多；大量的”，是固定搭配。
答题秘诀
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1．根据泛指或特指选择冠词
如果空格后的名词或“形容词＋名词”前没有形容词性物主代词、不定代词、名词所有格或指示代词等限定词时很可能填冠词。
(1)如果空格及后面的名词可翻译成“一个(本、种等)”，一般填a/an。如果可翻译成“这/那个；这/那些”一般填the。
(2)如果名词后有of短语、不定式、分词或从句等作定语时很可能填the。
2．根据固定句式或固定搭配选择冠词
英语中有很多带有冠词的固定句式或短语，记住这些短语也有利于解此类问题。
题型Ⅱ 短文改错
真题在线
4．(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)But in that case, we will learn little about world.
答案与解析 在world前加the world意为“世界”，其前通常加定冠词the，表示特指。
5．(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)At the first, I thought I knew everything.
答案与解析 去掉the at first“起初；首先”，是固定短语。
答题秘诀
1．看到辅(元)音音素开头的名词要想到，可能会填不定冠词a(n)。
2．如果名词表示特指，则应用定冠词the。
3．看到单数可数名词，要想到是否少用了冠词。
4．看到不可数名词表示泛指，要想到是否多用了冠词。
5．牢记含冠词的固定搭配，确定冠词的增加与删除。
二、介词(短语)和动词短语
单句填空/单句改错
1．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible crowds on the roads above as they travelled to and work.
答案与解析 from 句意：地铁仅在地下7千米运行，允许人们在上下班时避开路上拥挤的人群。此处是指“当他们来回上下班时”。学生平时多用from ... to ...连接起始点，而本题涉及同一个地点，表示“往返”，一些学生由于没有掌握to和from的用法而误填其他介词。
2．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)After school she plans to take a year off to model full-time before going to university to get a degree engineering or architecture.
答案与解析 in 句意：在上大学获取工程学或建筑学方面的学位前，她计划毕业后休学一年做全职模特。此处表示得到一个在工程学或者建筑学方面的学位。此处考查in的本意“在……方面”。学生可能会误用on和about，这两个介词本意为“关于……”。degree in“在某方面的学位”。
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3．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)It was a relief and I came to a sudden stop just in the middle on the road.
答案与解析 on→of in the middle of意为“在……的中间”，故把on改为of。此处为“道路的中央”，表示所属关系，而on后跟地点表示“在……上面”。
重点一
常用介词★★★★★
介词
用法
with
①和……一起；随着……
②因为……
③具有/带有……；with复合结构
at
①表示片刻的时间点
②表示“在某处”，和arrive连用时指在一个较小的地点
③表示产生某种情绪的原因，意为“因为……而……”“一听到/看到/想到……就……”
in
①表方位，在某范围内，特别注意在报纸上、书上有什么内容，要用in
②表时间，后接表时间段的名词短语，指在某一段时间内或在带有将来时态的语句中表示某一段时间将发生句子谓语动词所表示的动作
③表示材料、语言、方式、声音
on
①表示时间，指在特定的某一天(的上午、下午或晚上)或一星期的某一天。注意in the morning与on the morning of 1st, May的区别
②表示方位，指在某一事物表面上或与某物毗邻
③表示与某一方面内容相关，意为“关于”
④与名词或动名词连用，意为“一……就……”
from
表示“来自”或“从……时间开始”
through
①表示从事物内部穿过，与介词in有关
②表示通过，凭借
across
从事物的表面通过，与介词on有关
over
①表示在表面的正上方，与under相对
②表示“从某事物上方越过”
③表示“在……上面”，指部分或全部覆盖
④与表示时间段的名词(短语)连用，表示“经过、跨过某一个时间段”
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beyond
①表示方位，意为“超过，在……较远的一边”
②表示超出理解、信任的范围或能力所及的范围
for
①表示“对于，至于，适合于”
②表示“为了(目的)；支持”
against
①表示“反对，反抗，违背”
②表示“倚，靠，逆着(水流、潮流、风等)”或“与……相对抗”
单句小练(单句填空)
1．Before selecting the curtain for your newly-decorated house, it's important to know what colors look great the wall paper.
答案与解析 against against“映衬着”。
2．But my connection with pandas goes back my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s.
答案与解析 to 句意：我与熊猫的关系要追溯到20世纪80年代中期，我拍一个电视节目的时候。go back to“追溯到；回溯到”。
3．Chopsticks are not used everywhere in Asia. In India, for example, most people traditionally eat their hands.
答案与解析 with 句意：比如，在印度，大多数人还是按照传统用手吃饭。介词with作“用；使用”讲时，表示使用某种工具或人的某一身体部位，如用嘴巴、耳朵、眼睛等。
4．For those who fly to Guilin, it's only an hour away car and offers all the scenery of the better-known city.
答案与解析 by 句意：对于那些乘飞机去桂林的人来说，乘车(去阳朔)只需要一个小时的路程，而且这里有桂林这座更著名城市的所有景色。by car“乘汽车”。
重点二
固定搭配★★★★★
1.at＋名词
at a loss 不知所措 at dinner 在吃晚餐
at peace 处于和平状态 at dawn 在黎明
at war 在战争中 at work 在工作
2．其他高频介词短语
against time 争分夺秒
at the sight of 一看到……
at the age of 在……岁时
in (the) face of 面对；面临
in addition (to) 另外；除了
in case of 万一
in charge of 负责；主管
in favour of 赞成；支持
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in need of 需要
in no time 立刻
in a hurry 匆忙
in preparation for 为……作准备
in return for 作为回报
of help/use 有帮助的/有用的
of importance 重要的
on behalf of 代表
3．by＋名词
by accident 偶然地 by chance 偶然地
by force 用暴力 by hand 手工地
by mistake 错误地 by the month 按月算
4．beyond＋名词
beyond compare 无与伦比
beyond control 失控
beyond description 难以描述
beyond doubt 毋庸置疑
beyond expression 难以表达
beyond (one's) reach 够不到
5．in＋名词
in bed 在床上 in danger 处于危险中
in debt 负债 in difficulty 处于困难中
in high spirits 情绪高昂 in need 处于困难中
in order 整齐；井然有序 in surprise 吃惊地
in trouble 在困难中 in use 使用中
6．on＋名词
on a trip 在旅行 on business 出差
on display/show 在展出 on duty 在值班
on holiday/vacation 在度假 on sale 在出售
on strike 在罢工 on the way 在途中
7．out of＋名词
out of balance 失去平衡 out of control 失去控制
out of danger 脱离危险 out of date 过期
out of order 出故障 out of work 失业
8．under＋名词
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under consideration 在考虑中
under construction 在建造中
under control 在控制之下
under discussion 在讨论中
under pressure 在压力下
under repair 在修理中
under treatment 在治疗中
9．动词与介词搭配
remind sb. of sth. 提醒某人某事
result from 由……造成，因……而产生
call at 访问(某地)
add to 增加
call for 要求；需要
care about 关心
end up with 以……结束
fix one's eyes on 注视
give in 屈服；上交
get rid of 免除；摆脱
look down on/upon 轻视；看不起
make use of 利用
run out of 用完
take pride in 因……而自豪
live up to 不辜负
come up with 提出
take on 呈现
put forward 提出
put up with 忍受
make fun of 取笑
adapt to 适应
refer to 涉及；查阅
come across (偶然)遇见
pick up 捡起；用车接(某人)；接收；偶然习得
单句小练(单句填空/单句改错)
5．He reported the case the police and then sat there, lost and lonely in a strange city.
答案与解析 to 句意：他向警察报告了这一情况，然后坐在那里，在一个陌生的城市里迷茫而孤独。report ...
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to ...为固定搭配，意为“向……报告……”。
6．We can lie on the grass for a rest, or sit by the lake listening music.
答案与解析 listening后加to 句意：我们可以躺在草地上休息，或者坐在湖边听音乐。学生易受汉语思维影响，listen后直接接宾语。但是，listen为不及物动词，接宾语时需加介词to，故在listening后加to。
7．Now I am leaving home to college.
答案与解析 to→for 句意：现在我要离家去读大学了。leave (a place) for ...“离开(某地)去……”，为固定搭配，故to改为for。
8．We got up early in the morning. Dad cleaned the house, and then went on shopping.
答案与解析 去掉on go shopping“购物”，是固定用法。go on doing sth.意为“继续做某事”，不符合语境。
题型Ⅰ 语法填空
真题在线
1．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ改编)This trend was started by the medical community (医学界) a method of fighting heart disease.
答案与解析 as 句意：医学界开创这个潮流作为一种抵御心脏病的方法。分析句子结构可知，空处在句中作状语，表示“作为一种抵御心脏病的方法”，所以填as，表示“作为”。
2．(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)Most of us are more focused our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day.
答案与解析 on 句意：我们大多数人早晨比一天中晚些时候更集中注意力于我们的工作。be focused on“集中于……”。
答题秘诀
设空后是名词、代词、动名词或what从句，且它们不在句中作主语也不作动词宾语，则该空可能填介词。
题型Ⅱ 短文改错
真题在线
3．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)They have also bought for some gardening tools.
答案与解析 去掉for 英语中动词分及物动词和不及物动词，及物动词后直接跟宾语。buy的搭配有buy sb. sth.和buy sth. for sb.，学生受到干扰容易用错。类似短语有make sb. sth./make sth. for sb.。
4．(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)My uncle says that he never dreams becoming rich in a short period of time.
答案与解析 dreams后加of/about 句意：我叔叔说，他从没梦想过在短期内变富。dream of/about (doing) sth.为固定短语，意为“梦想(做)某事”。
答题秘诀
1．及物动词后不加介词，常见的有enter、reach、approach、marry、discuss等；不及物动词agree、arrive、graduate等后接宾语时需加介词。
2．this、that、every、last、next构成的时间状语前无需加介词。
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集 训 新 思 路
小题夯基
Ⅰ.单句填空
1．Though you may be tired, try to put smile on your face.
答案与解析 a 句意：尽管你累了，但是努力微笑一下吧。smile是可数名词，故前面加不定冠词a。
2．If we are not aware these differences, some unusual things might happen.
答案与解析 of 句意：如果我们意识不到这些区别，会发生一些不同寻常的事情。be aware of “意识到……”。
3．I had to hope that it was possible for me to catch ride back into town.
答案与解析 a 句意：我真的希望能赶上返回城里的车。catch a ride “赶车”， 是固定短语。
4．The Chongyang Festival falls the ninth day of the ninth lunar month.
答案与解析 on 在具体的某一天的时间名词前用介词on。
5．You will never say “no” when a little kid is looking at you comfort and support.
答案与解析 for 句意：当一个小孩子看着你，向你寻找安慰和支持时，你永远不会拒绝。根据句意可知，该处表目的，应用介词for。
6．The baby was playing on the grass, his mother companying him.
答案与解析 with with宾补结构，表伴随。
7．As result, a modern banking system was born.
答案与解析 a as a result “结果”。
8．This is a group of people who have been familiar social media as soon as they came to the world.
答案与解析 with be familiar with “熟悉……”。
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．The people of Sichuan speak an unique form of Mandarin, which took shape during the Ming Dynasty.
答案与解析 an→a 形容词unique是辅音音素开始的单词，应用不定冠词a。
2．Ms. Smith also has good knowledge of many subjects.
答案与解析 has后加a have a good knowledge of ...“精通……”。
3．In addition, it is generally acknowledged that autumn is symbol of harvest.
答案与解析 symbol前加the 此处特指秋天是收获的象征，应用定冠词the。
4．We have been good friends since childhood and have a great deal to share with every day.
答案与解析 去掉with share sth. with sb. “和某人分享某事/某物”， share后无表示人的名词，故去掉with。
5．Only by this way can we concentrate more attentively on our study.
答案与解析 by→in in this way “用这种方法”。
6．However, many people still don't make full use for their time.
答案与解析 for→of make full use of “充分利用”。
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大题提能
Ⅰ.语法填空
(2018·许昌名校联考)Don't try and be happy—it will only make you sad. Desperately 1. (try) to keep a smile on your face will only make your depression 2. (bad), a new study suggests. Feeling content has become the only goal for many 3. recent years, but accepting your 4. (sad) may be more beneficial. Dr. Brock Bastian in 5. University of Melbourne said “Depression rates 6. (be) higher in countries that seek for happiness now.”
Rather than being the by-product of a happy life, feeling happy has become a goal in 7. (it). This strengthens the message that we should aim 8. (increase) our positive emotions and avoid our negative ones. Society needs to change its attitude to depression if the disorder is to be solved effectively.
He added that people had become so used to not showing signs of weakness 9. (intention) due to social media being used to celebrate achievements. For the study 10. (publish) in the journal Depression and Anxiety, the researchers assessed depressed patients. The research has lasted over a month.
答案与解析
【语篇解读】 不要尝试着让自己快乐——那样只会让你痛苦。一项最新研究表明，强颜欢笑只会让你的抑郁更加严重。
1．trying 考查非谓语动词。用动名词trying在句中作主语。下一句Feeling content用法同此处。
2．worse 考查比较等级。使役动词make后面接形容词worse作宾补，表示“抑郁更加严重”需要用比较级worse，对应其后的more beneficial。
3．in 考查介词短语。in recent years为固定的介词短语，意为“在最近的几年间”。
4．sadness 考查词性转换。形容词性物主代词your后面接名词，而sad的名词为sadness。
5．the 考查冠词。用定冠词the，特指“墨尔本大学”(the University of Melbourne)。
6．are 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。now暗示本题需要用一般现在时，因为主语Depression rates为复数，故用are。
7．itself 考查代词。in itself为固定的介词短语，意为“本身”。
8．to increase 考查非谓语动词。aim意为“目的是”，其后接动词不定式to increase作宾语。
9．intentionally 考查词性转换。用副词intentionally修饰整个句子，作状语。
10．published 考查非谓语动词。用过去分词published作后置定语，修饰其前的名词the study，并与该名词构成被动关系。
Ⅱ.短文改错
(2018·合肥调研)I am writing to tell you anything about the transportation in China. Over the past few decades we have developed an amazed network of public transportation. Besides, we have been decided to make efforts to make them much better. I am sure a network will satisfy your needs for traveling everywhere more
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convenient. People usually chose the means of transportation based with some aspects, such as the cost and the time needed. For example, businessmen are more likely travel by plane or high-speed train to save time while office worker tend to take buses or drive to work themselves.
答案与解析
I am writing to tell you about the transportation in China. Over the past few decades we have developed an network of public transportation. Besides, we have decided to make efforts to make much better. I am sure network will satisfy your needs for traveling everywhere more People usually the means of transportation based some aspects, such as the cost and the time needed. For example, businessmen are more likely travel by plane or high-speed train to save time while office tend to take buses or drive to work themselves.
①anything→something 此处表示“我”写信告诉你一些有关中国交通的事情，故anything改为something。
②amazed→amazing amazed修饰人，表示“惊讶的”；amazing修饰事物，表示“令人惊诧的”。此处需修饰名词network，故amazed改为amazing。
③去掉been 此处表示“此外，我们决定努力让它变得更好”。主语we和动词decide之间是主动关系，故去掉been。
④them→it 该处指代上文中的“network of public transportation”，是单数，故用it指代。
⑤a→the 此处表示“我”确信这个网络会满足你更方便地去任何地方旅行的需求。根据上文的“network of public transportation”可知，该处的network已在上文提及，表特指，故用定冠词the。
⑥convenient→conveniently 该处需修饰动词travel，故用副词形式。
⑦chose→choose 根据该句中的“usually”可知，该句陈述的是习惯性的动作，故用一般现在时。
⑧with→on be based on ...为固定搭配，意为“以……为基础”。此处表示“人们通常根据某些方面选择交通工具，比如费用和需要花费的时间”。
⑨在likely后加to be likely to do sth.为固定结构，意为“可能做某事”。故此处应用动词不定式，即在likely后加to。此处表示“商人更有可能乘坐飞机或高铁以节省时间，而上班族则倾向于乘坐公共汽车或自己开车上班”。
⑩worker→workers worker为可数名词，根据常识可知，乘公共汽车或开车上班的人有很多，故用worker的复数形式。
专题四 并列句、三大从句和特殊句式
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第1讲 定语从句和名词性从句 见学生用书P244
一、定语从句
单句填空/单句改错
1．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)But Sarah, has taken part in shows along with top models, wants to prove that she has brains as well as beauty.
答案与解析 who 句意：但是和超模参加过各种走秀的萨拉想证明她智慧与美貌并存。分析句子结构可知，本句有has taken part in和wants to prove两个谓语部分，且中间无连词，故推知，空格处引导从句，结合语境可知，此处应为非限制性定语从句，修饰指人的先行词Sarah，从句中缺少主语，故用who引导非限制性定语从句。一些学生受Sarah影响很容易误填代词she。
2．(2015·全国卷Ⅰ)I'd skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River are pictured by artists in so many Chinese paintings.
答案与解析 that/which 句意：我没有去附近的桂林，那是游客尽览石灰岩群峰和漓江绿水的梦幻之地，是被许多艺术家在许多国画中描绘过的地方。先行词为“the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River”，指物；关系词在从句中作主语，故填关系代词that/which。
3．(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)He turned around and found where his parents were missing.
答案与解析 where→that或去掉where 此处宾语从句不缺成分且意思完整，故用that引导宾语从句，可省略that。
重点一
关系代词that、which、as引导的定语从句★★★★★
1.6种只用that引导定语从句的情况
(1)先行词是all、everything、anything、nothing、something、little、much、none、few、the one等不定代词时。(如先行词指人，可用who代替that)
(2)先行词被all、any、few、every、no、little、much、some等词修饰时。(如先行词指人，可用who代替that)
(3)先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰或先行词本身是序数词时。
(4)先行词被the only、the very (正是、恰是)、the last修饰时。(如先行词指人，可用who代替that)
(5)先行词含有人和物两者时。
(6)先行词在主句中作表语，或关系词在从句中作表语时。
2．4种只用which引导定语从句的情况
(1)引导非限制性定语从句时。
(2)关系代词充当介词的宾语，且介词位于关系代词之前时。
(3)先行词本身是that时。
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(4)引导的定语从句修饰前面的整个主句，代替主句所表示的整体概念或部分概念时。
3．5种多用as引导定语从句的情况
(1)非限制性定语从句放在主句之前、主句之后或者插在主句中间皆可。
(2)非限制性定语从句的谓语为be announced、be expected、be known、be mentioned、be reported、be said等被动式谓语。
(3)表示整个主句内容，有时含有“按照；正如；根据”等意思。
(4)在下列固定结构中，关系代词代表整个主句所述的内容：
①as we all know我们都知道
②as we all can see正如我们大家所能看到的那样
③as is often the case情况常常如此
④as is well known众所周知
(5)当先行词被such、the same、so＋adj.＋a/an、such a/an＋adj.修饰时。
重点二
关系代词who、whom、whose★★★☆☆
1.who和whom的用法
(1)先行词为one、ones、anyone、those指代人时。
Those who are interested in the film can contact me.
对该电影感兴趣的可与我联系。
(2)当关系代词前面有介词时，只能用whom、whom在定语从句中作介词的宾语时，介词可放在后面，也可提前构成介词＋whom(先行词指人)结构。
The settlement is home to nearly 1,000 people, many of whom left their village homes for a better life in the city.
这里居住着将近1 000人，他们中的许多人都离开家乡去城市追求更好的生活。
2．whose的用法
whose指人或物，作定语，表示“……的”，可转换为“of＋关系代词”。关系代词whose一般指人，表示“该人的”，也可指物，表示“该物的”，在以物为先行词时，可用of which代替在从句中作定语。
[提示] 关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。
①Tom is one of the engineers who are sent abroad.
汤姆是被派往国外的工程师之一。
②Tom is the only one of the engineers who has come up with the solution.
汤姆就是唯一提出解决方案的那位工程师。
单句小练(单句填空/单句改错)
1．The little problems we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions.
答案与解析 that/which 句意：我们在日常生活中遇到的小麻烦有可能成为伟大发明的灵感。题干中，The little problems是先行词，“ we meet in our daily
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lives”是定语从句，从句中缺少宾语，因此用that/which引导定语从句。
2．My eldest son, work takes him all over the world, is in New York at the moment.
答案与解析 whose 句意：我的大儿子现在在纽约，他的工作让他走遍世界各地。设空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词son，空格处在从句中作定语修饰名词work，所以要用关系代词whose。
3．Maybe you have a habit is driving your family crazy.
答案与解析 that/which 句意：可能你有一种让你的家人发疯的习惯。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导定语从句，先行词是a habit；关系词在从句中作主语，故用关系代词that/which引导定语从句。
4．The number of smokers, which is reported, has dropped by 17% in just one year.
答案与解析 which→as 句意：正如报道的那样，吸烟者的数量仅仅一年时间下降了17%。as引导非限制性定语从句时，意为“正如；如同”，从句可位于句首、句中或句尾；which引导非限制性定语从句时，意为“这一点；这件事”，从句一般位于句尾。
5．Please send us all the information which you have about the candidate for the position.
答案与解析 which→that或去掉which 句意：请把你拥有的关于这个职位的那个候选人的所有信息发给我们。此处定语从句修饰先行词the information，且先行词前有all修饰，因此此处关系代词只能用that。此处关系词在从句中作宾语，也可省略。
重点三
关系副词引导的定语从句★★★★★
关系副词when、where、why的先行词是表示时间、地点或理由(先行词常见的是reason)的名词，在从句中作状语。
The girl arranged to have piano lessons at the training centre with her sister where she would stay for an hour.
小女孩准备在培训中心与她的妹妹一起上钢琴课，在那里她可以待一小时。
The reason why I don't trust him is that he often tells lies.
我不信任他的原因是他常常撒谎。
[提示] 当先行词为一些表示抽象地点的名词，如：point、situation、case、stage等，如果引导词在从句中作状语，常用关系副词where引导定语从句；如果作主语或宾语则用关系代词that/which。
重点四
“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句★★★★★
1.“介词＋关系代词”既可引导限制性定语从句，也可引导非限制性定语从句。先行词指物时，关系代词用which；先行词指人时，关系代词用whom。当介词放在关系代词之前时，关系代词不能省略。
Caring for the soul is a gradual process in which even the small details of life should be considered.
关爱灵魂是一个渐进的过程，在这个过程中，即使生活中的小细节也应顾及。
He bought the car for more than $20,000, with which his father was angry.
他花20 000多美元买了这辆车，他父亲对此很生气。
2．“名词/不定代词/数词/形容词比较级或最高级＋of＋which/whom”引导的定语从句。
The growing speed of a plant is influenced by a number of factors, most of which are beyond our control.
植物的生长速度受到很多因素的影响，其中大部分因素是我们无法控制的。
There are around four hundred students in our grade, most of whom are from the Xicheng District.
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我们年级有大约四百名学生，其中大多数都来自西城区。
单句小练(单句填空/单句改错)
6．Pahlsson and her husband now think the ring probably got swept into a pile of kitchen rubbish and was spread over the garden, it remained until the carrot's leafy top accidentally sprouted (生长) through it.
答案与解析 where 分析句子可知，逗号前的句子意义完整，所以空格处引导非限制性定语从句。学生很容易受前面的先行词garden的影响误填which。引导非限制性定语从句时，which在从句中应作主语或宾语，而此处从句缺少表语，且表示地点，故填where。
7．She was taking the food to the refugee camp, in she distributed it to children.
答案与解析 which 句意：她把食物带到难民营，在那里她把食物分给孩子们。定语从句先行词是the refugee camp，指物，从句中in之后缺少宾语，故用关系代词which引导定语从句。
8．When harvest came around, he was already selling herbs, vegetables and cotton in the market people from the town met regularly.
答案与解析 where 句意：当收获的季节到来，他在各镇人们来往的集市上售卖草药、蔬菜和棉花。先行词是表示地点的名词market；从句中缺少地点状语，故用where引导定语从句。
9．The store I bought my textbooks is having a sale this week.
答案与解析 store后加where 句意：在我买课本的那个商店这周要进行大甩卖。先行词store表示地点，且从句“I bought my textbooks”结构完整，故用关系副词where修饰表示地点的先行词，在定语从句中作地点状语。
10．The next day, he gave us a reason that he failed to attend the important meeting.
答案与解析 that→why 句意：第二天，他给了我们一个他没能出席重要会议的理由。定语从句先行词是reason，表原因，从句中缺少原因状语，故用关系副词why引导定语从句。
题型Ⅰ 语法填空
真题在线
1．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, is not good for the health.
答案与解析 which 句意：像其他任何事情一样，两者可能摄入过多，这一点对健康没有好处。分析句子结构，由逗号以及句意可知，空格处引导非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，且意为“这一点，这件事”，故应用关系代词which指代前面整个句子。一些学生受汉语影响很容易误填it，但是it不具备连接两个句子的功能。
2．(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, I was the first Western TV reporter permitted to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.
答案与解析 when 句意：但是我和熊猫的关系追溯到20世纪80年代中期，我拍摄一个电视节目的时候。那时我是第一个被允许拍摄照顾从野外营救的大熊猫专辑的西方记者。分析句子结构可知设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词the mid-1980s为表示时间的名词，且关系词在从句中作时间状语，故用关系副词when引导定语从句。
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3．(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius, lived from roughly 551 to 479 BC, influenced the development of chopsticks.
答案与解析 who 句意：有些人认为中国的伟大圣贤孔子，大约生活在公元前551-479年，对筷子的发展影响很大。根据句意可知，空格后“lived from roughly 551 to 479 BC”， 是一个非限制性定语从句，先行词Confucius指人，故需用关系代词who引导非限制性定语从句。
答题秘诀
1．关系词应遵循“缺什么，补什么”的原则
(1)如果先行词指人，定语从句中缺少主语，限制性定语从句中用who/that；非限制性定语从句用who。
(2)如果先行词指人，定语从句中缺少宾语，限制性定语从句中用who/that/whom；非限制性定语从句用whom/who。
(3)如果先行词指物，定语从句中缺少主语或宾语，限制性定语从句中用which/that；非限制性定语从句用which。
(4)如果先行词指时间或地点，定语从句中缺少时间状语或地点状语，定语从句中用when或where；如果从句缺少的是主语或宾语，则用that或which。
(5)如果先行词指人，“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句中的关系词用whom；如果先行词指物，“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句中的关系词用which。
(6)不论先行词指人还是物，只要关系词在定语从句中作定语就用whose。
2．牢记关系代词that与which，as与which的区别
题型Ⅱ 短文改错
真题在线
4．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)In their spare time, they are interested in planting vegetables in their garden, that is on the rooftop of their house.
答案与解析 that→which 分析句子结构可知，第二个逗号后面为一个非限制性定语从句，先行词为前面句子中的garden，定语从句中缺少主语，故用which。that不能引导非限制性定语从句。
5．(2016·四川卷)The dishes what I cooked were Mum's favourite.
答案与解析 what→that/which或去掉what 先行词为the dishes，且定语从句中cooked后面缺少宾语，故用关系代词that/which引导定语从句。因其在从句中作宾语，故也可省略关系代词。
答题秘诀
(1)先行词指人时不能用which, whom只作宾语。
(2)在介词或逗号之后不可以用that引导定语从句。
(3)what不能引导定语从句。
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(4)先行词表时间或地点，在从句中作主语或宾语时，用that/which；作状语用when、where。
二、名词性从句
单句填空/单句改错
1．(2015·全国卷Ⅱ)As natural architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.
答案与解析 how 根据语境和设空后的形容词thick可知，应用how引导宾语从句，表示程度。此处表示要弄清楚到底土坯房的墙需要“多”厚，故用how。
2．(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to that I live.
答案与解析 that→where 连接词在此引导宾语从句且在从句中作地点状语，故用where。
重点一
主语从句和表语从句★★★★★
1.主语从句
(1)that连接从句时，没有具体意思，不充当句子成分，只是起标志性的作用，但that不能省略。what引导时，既要在从句中充当成分，又有意义。
It never occurred to me that you could succeed in persuading him to change his mind.
我从来没想到你会成功地说服他改变主意。
(2)whether连接从句时，表示怀疑，不能省略，意为“是否”，在句首时不能用if替换。
Whether it will do us harm or good remains to be seen.
究竟此事对我们有害还是有利，还有待观察。
(3)连接代词、连接副词引导主语从句时不能省略，并在从句中充当句子成分。
Who will take over the company has not been decided.
谁将接管公司还没定好。
(4)用it作形式主语的常用句型
①It＋系动词＋形容词(necessary/right/likely/unlikely/wrong/important/ certain等)＋that从句
②It＋be＋名词(短语)(a pity/a shame/no wonder等)＋that从句
③It＋be＋过去分词(said/told/reported/decided等)＋that从句
④It＋特殊动词(seems、appears、happens、matters)＋that从句
It is a pity that I missed the party held last night.
很遗憾我错过了昨晚举行的聚会。
It is reported that the accident was caused by carelessness.
据报道，该事故源于(司机的)粗心驾驶。
(5)在It is necessary/important/suggested/advised/ordered＋that从句结构中，从句用“(should＋)动词原形”。
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2．表语从句
(1)引导表语从句的连接词
从属连词that、whether；连接代词what、who、whose、whatever、whichever、whoever等；连接副词when、where、why、how等；从句用陈述语序。
I'd like to start my own business—that's what I'd do if I had the money.
我愿意自己创业——那就是如果我有钱将会做的事情。
(2)常见的表语从句句型
①It looks/seems as if ...好像……；仿佛……
②This is because ...这是因为……(强调原因)
③The reason why ... is that ...……的原因是……
④That is why ...那就是……的原因(强调结果)
⑤The question/problem is whether/when/where ...问题是……
⑥His dream/suggestion/aim/purpose is that ...
他的梦想/建议/目标/目的是……
⑦what从句＋be＋that从句
That is because he didn't work hard.
那是因为他没有足够努力工作。
单句小练(单句填空/单句改错)
1．Eventually, I decided to follow her and happened truly amazed me.
答案与解析 what 句意：最后我决定跟踪她，然后发生的事情真的让我感到震惊。由谓语动词amazed可知“ happened”为主语从句，从句中缺主语，且表示“……的事物”，所以用what。
2．The ninth day of the ninth month is the day that has two “yang” numbers, and “chong” in Chinese means double, which is the name “Chongyang” came into being.
答案与解析 how 句意：这就是重阳这个名字的由来。 “ the name ‘Chongyang’ came into being”在句中作表语，从句中缺少方式状语，故用how引导表语从句。
3．It is well known Confucius was born in the city of Qufu in Shandong Province, China.
答案与解析 known后加that 句意：众所周知，孔子出生在中国山东省的曲阜市。本题中It作形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的从句。
重点二
宾语从句和同位语从句★★★★★
1.宾语从句
(1)引导宾语从句的连接词
从属连词that、whether、if；连接代词what、who、whose、whatever、whichever、whoever等；连接副词when、where、why、how等；从句用陈述语序。
①We promise whoever attends the party a chance to have a photo taken with the movie star.
我们许诺，任何参加这个聚会的人都有跟那个电影明星合影的机会。
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②I truly believe that beauty comes from within.
我确信美来自内在。
③What we should take with us depends on where we'll stay.
我们需要随身带什么东西，取决于我们将在什么地方停留。
(2)it作形式宾语的宾语从句
①一些动词后的宾语从句有宾语补足语时，则需要用it作形式宾语，而将that引导的宾语从句后置。常见的这类动词有：find、feel、think、consider、believe、guess、suppose、make等。
He has made it clear that the meeting will not be postponed.
他清楚地表明会议不会被推迟。
②动词hate、like、dislike、appreciate、enjoy等表示“喜欢”“厌恶”的动词以及一些动词短语see to、depend on、rely on等，常用it作形式宾语，而将宾语从句后置。
I shall see to it that he is taken good care of when you are absent.
你不在的时候，我会确保把他照顾好。
2．同位语从句
在名词性从句中，同位语从句是比较难理解的一种从句，虽然在近几年全国卷中没有直接考查过，但需要注意掌握其以下可能考查的方向。
(1)that连接从句时从句为一个句意完整的陈述句，that不能省略，没有具体的意思，不充当句子成分，只起连接作用。what引导时，既要在从句中充当成分，又有意义。另外，注意定语从句中的引导词that也要在从句中作成分(主语、宾语)。
When the news came that the war broke out, he decided to serve in the army.
当战争爆发的消息传来时，他决定到军队中服役。
(2)连接代词、连接副词引导同位语从句时连接词不能省略，并在从句中充当句子成分。
He showed us his way how he worked out that problem.
他向我们展示了他计算那道题的方法。
(3)同位语从句要用陈述语序。
单句小练(单句填空/单句改错)
4．Jane moved aimlessly down the tree-lined street, not knowing she was heading.
答案与解析 where 句意：简在绿树成荫的街道上漫无目的地走着，不知道她要去哪里。设空处引导宾语从句，从句中缺少地点状语，故用where引导宾语从句。
5．I didn't understand this would happen and my credit card had already been charged.
答案与解析 why 句意：我不明白这种事情为什么发生，我的信用卡早被扣钱了。设空后的从句为宾语从句，该从句缺少原因状语，故填why引导宾语从句。
6．The possibility the dolphins might hurt them does not crowd in on them.
答案与解析 possibility后加that 分析句子结构可知，此处“the dolphins might hurt them”作主语The possibility的同位语，且句意完整，应用that引导同位语从句，that不可省去。
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题型Ⅰ 语法填空
真题在线
1．(2017·北京卷)Every year, makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival.
答案与解析 whoever 句意：每年，在风筝节上，制作出最漂亮的风筝的人会赢得一份奖品。设空处引导主语从句，从句中缺少主语成分，且表示“无论谁”，故填whoever。
2．(2017·天津卷)She asked me I had returned the books to the library, and I admitted that I hadn't.
答案与解析 whether/if 句意：她问我是否已经把书还给图书馆，我承认我还没有归还。设空处引导的是宾语从句，根据句意可知该宾语从句要用whether/if引导。
答题秘诀
分析句子成分
1．缺少主语、宾语、表语，用连接代词what、who、whom、which、whatever、whose 等。
2．缺少状语(结合句意判断)，用连接副词where(表地点)、when(表时间)、how(表方式)、why(表原因)等。
3．不缺成分，句意缺少“是否”，用if/whether。
4．不缺成分且句子意义完整，用that。
题型Ⅱ 短文改错
真题在线
3．(2015·四川卷)If you notice that when someone is missing or hurt, tell your teacher immediately.
答案与解析 去掉when 此处是由that引导的宾语从句，when多余。
答题秘诀
1．that与其他连接词的重复使用在改错中常出现，应注意分析。
2．一般句意完整只缺引导词用that，否则根据句意及连接词本意选用合适的连接词。
集 训 新 思 路
小题夯基
Ⅰ.单句填空
1．One thousand and two hundred years ago, Lu Yu wrote a book called The Classic of Tea, is honoured as “The Bible of Tea”．
答案与解析 which 句意：1 200年前，陆羽著书《茶经》，被称为茶之圣经。非限制性定语从句先行词是a book，指物，从句中缺少主语，故用关系代词which引导非限制性定语从句。
2．A couple, child was young, came in to have lunch.
答案与解析 whose 非限制性定语从句先行词是a couple，指人，从句中child前缺少定语，故用关系代词whose引导非限制性定语从句。
3．I came back to the station a young girl was waiting for the bus.
答案与解析 where 定语从句先行词是the
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station，指地点，从句中缺少地点状语，故用关系副词where引导定语从句。
4．This is one of the ways have been adopted to fight against air pollution in the area.
答案与解析 that/which 定语从句先行词是ways，指物，从句中缺少主语，故用关系代词that/which引导定语从句。
5．It is entirely true children learn more from people they like. So, try to be friends with them.
答案与解析 that “it is＋形容词＋that ...”，在该句型中，it是形式主语。
6．Have you ever wondered you can feel the wind but can not see it?
答案与解析 why 句意：你是否曾经想过为什么你能感受到风，但是看不见它？wondered后的宾语从句中缺少原因状语，应用why引导宾语从句。
7．He vividly described the kind people and amazing places he had visited in his long journey.
答案与解析 that 定语从句先行词是the kind people and amazing places，有人有物，从句中缺少宾语，只能用关系代词that引导定语从句。
8．The very thing impressed me about them is their honesty and devotion.
答案与解析 that 定语从句先行词是thing，指物，且由very修饰，从句中缺少主语，只能用关系代词that引导定语从句。
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．The government should punish the factories where produce too much waste.
答案与解析 where→which/that 定语从句先行词是factories，指物，从句中缺少主语，故用关系代词which/that引导定语从句。解答此类题要区分关系词在从句中所作的成分。
2．With music playing, I finally fell asleep, wondering how it would be like in the coming morning.
答案与解析 how→what wonder的宾语从句中缺少宾语，故用what引导宾语从句。
3．It happened when Wang Lei was just around the corner and offered to share his umbrella with me.
答案与解析 when→that It happened that ...“碰巧……”。
4．At the next station, an old man, that carried two heavy bags, got on the train.
答案与解析 that→who 非限制性定语从句先行词是an old man，指人，从句中缺少主语，故用关系代词who引导非限制性定语从句。that 不能引导非限制性定语从句。
5．I offered to help John, the house of who was destroyed in the earthquake.
答案与解析 who→whom 定语从句先行词是John，指人，从句中介词of后缺少宾语，故用关系代词whom引导定语从句。
6．The days are gone that physical strength was all you needed to make a living.
答案与解析 that→when 定语从句先行词是The days，指时间，从句中缺少时间状语，故用关系副词when引导定语从句。
7．I may not always know I'm going, but I'll always know where I came from.
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答案与解析 第一个know后加where 根据本句第二个分句中的where可推知，第一个分句know后面的宾语从句应由where引导。
8．Is creativity something that it can be acquired like knowledge？
答案与解析 去掉it 先行词为something，将先行词代入定语从句后可知，先行词在定语从句中作主语，因此定语从句用that引导，故it多余。
大题提能
Ⅰ.语法填空
(2018·新乡高三联考)
Spreading an Infection
I've made it a habit to smile at people as often as possible, saying some kind words, “hello, thank you, have a nice day”， whatever fits. I have the right situation as I am living in 1. big city with many, many people.
I'm doing this for quite a while now, so I've seen all 2. (kind) of reactions, from people feeling 3. (threaten) by a friendly word, reacting 4. (angry) or even aggressively, to people 5. faces lit up with a huge smile and they give me the 6. (impress) that I've made this moment good for them.
Today something happened that I hadn't yet experienced: Two people, complete strangers 7. me, one in the morning, one in the afternoon, whom I passed on the street without 8. (smile) at them, 9. with a friendly face, looked up from their inner focus, looked at me, started to smile and greeted me friendly while they 10. (pass)．
Have I started a “kindness virus”？ That would be great! It makes my day, and I'm still smiling. I hope you do too!
答案与解析
1．a 考查冠词。设空此处泛指一个大城市，应用不定冠词a。
2．kinds 考查名词的数。设空前是all，故kind应用复数形式。
3．threatened 考查非谓语动词。threaten与people是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词作表语。
4．angrily 考查词性转换。设空在句中作状语修饰reacting，应用副词，故填angrily。
5．whose 考查定语从句。定语从句先行词是people，从句中faces前缺少定语，故用关系代词whose引导定语从句。
6．impression 考查词性转换。设空前是定冠词the，故填名词impression。
7．to 考查介词。此处表“对于我而言是陌生人”， 故用介词to。
8．smiling 考查非谓语动词。设空前是介词without，故填动名词作宾语。
9．but 考查连词。“没有微笑”和“带着友好的面孔”是转折关系，故填but。
10．were passing 考查时态。while引导的时间状语从句，主句用过去时，从句应用过去进行时，表过去正在发生的动作。
Ⅱ.短文改错
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(2018·贵州黔东南高三联考)I went to New York for business last week. There I came across a man seating on a bench by himself. I smiled but said hello. He said he was from Birmingham and I was the only person that had smiled and said hello to him all day. In fact, Birmingham is a largest city lying near my hometown. He told me he were in need of money to return to home. Not knowing how many money I had, I told him I'd give him everything in my purse. He prays I'd have $25. When I opened my purse, I found I had exact $25! I offered the man both of my money.
答案与解析
I went to New York for business last week. There I came across a man on a bench by himself. I smiled said hello. He said he was from Birmingham and I was the only person that had smiled and said hello to him all day. In fact, Birmingham is largest city lying near my hometown. He told me he in need of money to return home.
Not knowing how money I had, I told him I'd give him everything in my purse. He I'd have $25. When I opened my purse, I found I had $25! I offered the man of my money.
①seating→seated be seated“就座”在句中作定语，应用过去分词形式。
②but→and smiled和said hello是并列而非转折关系，故用连词and。
③and后加that said连接两个that引导的宾语从句，第一个that可以省略，第二个that不能省略。
④a→the 形容词最高级largest前应用定冠词the。
⑤were→was 主语he是第三人称单数形式，故谓语用单数形式。
⑥去掉to return home“回家”，home是副词，其前不加介词。
⑦many→much money是不可数名词，应用much修饰，many修饰复数名词。
⑧prays→prayed 短文整体时态是一般过去时，故此处谓语用一般过去时。
⑨exact→exactly 在句中作状语，应用副词，故exact改为exactly。
⑩both→all 此处指我全部的钱，应用代词all。
第2讲 并列句和状语从句 见学生用书P248
一、并列句
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单句填空/单句改错
1．(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)In much of Asia, especially the so-called “rice bowl” cultures of China, Japan, Korea, Vietnam, food is usually eaten with chopsticks.
答案与解析 and 句意：在亚洲大部分地区，尤其在中国、日本、韩国和越南的称为“饭碗”文化中，食物经常是用筷子吃的。国家名称之间是并列关系，故用and连接。
2．(2014·全国卷Ⅰ)But the river wasn't changed in a few days even a few months.
答案与解析 or 句意：但是河流不是几天甚至几个月就改变了的。根据but及句意判断，此处要填一个表示递进含义的词，故用or。or even“甚至”。
3．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)Before getting into the car, I thought I had learned the instructor's orders, so once I started the car, my mind went blank.
答案与解析 so→but/yet 句意：上车前我认为自己领会了教练的命令，但是一旦启动汽车，我的大脑一片空白。根据语境可知，此处前后句存在转折关系。so是表示因果关系的并列连词，应该改成表示转折关系的并列连词but或yet。
重点
并列句★★★★★
并列句中使用的连词是高考考查的重点，考生要熟练掌握常考并列连词的用法。
1．and表示顺承以及并列关系，还可以用于固定句式：“祈使句＋and＋陈述句”。
2．but表示转折关系，不能与although和though连用。
3．so为表示因果关系的连词，一般前一句多为后面句子存在的原因，so引导的句子为结果，so不能和表示原因的从属连词because连用。
4．or“或者”为表示选择关系的连词，or还可义为“否则”，可用于句型：“祈使句＋or＋陈述句”。
5．利用连词词组both ... and ...、neither ... nor ...、not only ... but also ...、either ... or ...、not ... but ...特殊搭配解题。
6．when/while用作并列连词
when和while可作并列连词。when表示“在那时，此时突然”；while表示“然而，而”，表对比或转折关系。并列连词when常用于以下句型中：
(1)．..was/were doing ...when ...
(……正在做……突然……)
(2)．..was/were about to do ...when ...
(……刚要做……突然……)
(3)．..was/were on the point of doing ...when ...
(……刚要做……突然……)
(4)．..had just done ...when ...
(……刚/一……就……)
The children were playing when they heard the sound of a motorbike.
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孩子们正在玩耍，这时他们听见了摩托车的声音。
He is strong while his brother is weak.
他很强壮而他哥哥却很虚弱。
单句小练(单句填空/单句改错)
1．Stick to what you think is right, you will gain a surprising happy ending.
答案与解析 and 句意：坚持你认为正确的，你会拥有一个令人惊讶的幸福结局。此处为“祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句”的结构，两个分句之间为顺承关系，故填and。
2．My partner wants to keep the company small I'd like to expand it.
答案与解析 while/but 句意：我的合伙人想保持公司小规模，而(但)我想要扩大(公司规模)。设空处既可用while表对比，也可用but表转折。
3．It's not easy to change habits, with awareness and self-control, it is possible.
答案与解析 but 句意：改变习惯不易，但如果是有意识和有自我控制能力的话，还是有可能的。根据句意可知，前后两个分句之间为转折关系，故用连词but。
4．Both Dad or I planned to do something on Mother's Day.
答案与解析 or→and both ... and ...是固定搭配。
题型Ⅰ 语法填空
真题在线
1．(2016·四川卷)It was time for her to have a new baby, it was also time for the young panda to be independent.
答案与解析 and 句意：是她有一个新宝宝的时候了，也是小熊猫独立的时候了。两个完整的独立的句子应该用连词相连。上下句之间为并列关系，故用and。并列连词可以连接平行的词、短语或句子。
2．(2015·广东卷)One day, the cow was eating grass it began to rain heavily.
答案与解析 when 句意：一天，这头奶牛正在吃草，突然下起了大雨。be doing sth. when ...是固定结构，意为“正在做某事这时……”。 when是并列连词，意为“这时……”。
答题秘诀
1．完整的句子中，如果两个单词或短语并列，要填并列连词。
2．若两个句子(两个主谓结构)之间没有句号或分号，也没有连词，空格处必定填连词。
3．牢记特殊句式中连词的运用。
题型Ⅱ 短文改错
真题在线
3．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)I have grown not only physically, and also mentally in the past few years.
答案与解析 and→but 此处表示“在过去几年里，我不仅身体上成长了，而且思想上也成长了”。not only ... but also ...为固定搭配。学生要熟记neither ... nor ...、either ... or ...、not ... but ...等的基本含义。
4．(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)Every day he makes sure that fresh vegetables or high quality oil are used for cooking.
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答案与解析 or→and 本句为肯定句，fresh vegetables 和high quality oil是并列关系，应用and 连接。
答题秘诀
1．句间无连词，增加连词
凡是两个句子间没有句号、分号，又没有连词时，一定是漏掉了连词，要根据两句之间的意义关系或逻辑关系，增加一个适当的连词。
2．句间多连词，删除连词
特别是受汉语影响，易将although/though ... but ...、because ... so ...连用，遇到此种情况，一般删除后面的but、so，以免影响一个句子的第一个单词首字母大写的原则。
3．遇到连词要考究是否用错
要根据句意的理解、前后的逻辑关系，判断连词是否正确。
二、状语从句
单句填空/单句改错
1．(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)Over time， the population grew, people began cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly.
答案与解析 as/when 句意：随着时间的推移，当人口增长的时候，人们开始把食物切成小块，因此食物就熟得更快了。根据句子结构和逻辑关系可知，前半句是时间状语从句，因此填as/when，意为“当……时候”。
2．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)I was so much nervous that I could hardly tell which direction was left.
答案与解析 去掉much 此处为so ... that ...“如此……以至于……”结构。形容词前一般不用much修饰，除非是一些以a开头的作表语的形容词(alike、afraid、awake等)，much一般用于修饰形容词的比较级。
重点一
让步状语从句和时间状语从句★★★★★
1.让步状语从句
(1)although、though、while引导的让步状语从句，不能与but连用，但可与yet或still连用。
Though/Although/While regular exercise is very important, it's never a good idea to exercise too close to bedtime.
尽管有规律的锻炼很重要，但临睡前锻炼不是个好主意。
(2)though与as引导的让步状语从句
though引导的让步状语从句置于句首时，从句可倒装也可用正常语序；而as意为“尽管”时，引导的让步状语从句用倒装结构，即as引导的从句一般置于主句之前，从句中的形容词、副词、名词或动词原形置于句首。若是单数名词前置时，要省略冠词。
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Child as/though he was, he helped me a lot.
尽管他是个孩子，他却帮了我很大的忙。(名词)
Try as/though he might, he could not open the door.
不管他怎样努力，他还是不能打开那个门。(动词)
(3)“疑问词＋-ever”引导的让步状语从句，意为“无论……”。
However hard you try, it is difficult to lose weight without cutting down the amount you eat.
不管你多么努力，如果不减少饭量，减肥很难。
(4)whether ... or ...引导的让步状语从句，意为“不论……还是……”，提供两种对比情况。
We'll go on with the work, whether we can find the necessary tools or we cannot.
不管我们能否找到所需的工具，我们都要把这项工作做下去。
2．时间状语从句
(1)when指的是“某一具体时间”，可与延续性或非延续性动词连用，whenever“无论何时”；while“在……期间”，只与延续性动词连用；as表“一边……一边”，强调主从句动作同时发生。
(2)before/since引导时间状语从句的用法
①before作连词：It will/won't be＋一段时间＋before ...意为“过了多少时间才/没过多长时间就……”。before还可以作介词，意为“在……以前”。
②since引导时间状语从句时表示“自从……以来”，从句一般表示动作的起点，用一般过去时；主句表示动作的延续情况，一般用现在完成时或现在完成进行时。常用句型：It is/has been＋一段时间＋since ...。
Since he graduated from college, he has worked in this city.
自从大学毕业以来，他一直在这座城市工作。
It is five years since he lived here.
他不在这儿住已五年了。
(3)till, until, not ... until
①延续性动词(肯定式)＋until/till表示动作延续到某一时间为止。
We walked along the river until/till it was dark.
我们沿着河散步，一直到天黑。
②非延续性动词/延续性动词(否定式)＋until/till表示“直到……才”。
He didn't know anything about it until/till I told him.
直到我告诉他，他才知道这件事。
(4)其他用于引导时间状语从句的词或短语
①the moment、the minute、the instant、the second、directly、immediately、instantly等名词和副词可用作连词，引导时间状语从句。
Directly I received his letter I went to see him.
我一收到他的信就去看他了。
②在hardly/scarcely ... when ...与no sooner ... than
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...结构中，主句用过去完成时，than或when所在的从句用一般过去时。
③every time、any time、the first time、by the time、each time等名词词组也可引导时间状语从句。
Every time I express an opinion, she always argues back.
每当我发表意见时，她总是反驳。
单句小练(单句填空/单句改错)
1．I have already told you that I am going to buy it, much it costs.
答案与解析 however however引导让步状语从句，后接形容词或副词。much是副词，故填however，表“无论花多少钱”。
2．Comfortable he was abroad, he still wished he were back in his mother land.
答案与解析 as/though as和though引导让步状语从句，表示“虽然；尽管”，语气较弱，被强调的形容词、名词或副词必须放在as、though之前，采用倒装形式。
3．Unless we feel sad or meet with difficulties, we can talk with them.
答案与解析 Unless→When/If 根据语境可知，此处表示“如果(当)我们感到悲哀或遇到困难(时)，我们可以找他们交谈”，故填When/If。unless则表示“除非；如果不”。
重点二
地点状语从句和条件状语从句★★☆☆☆
1.地点状语从句
where与wherever可引导地点状语从句。
Today, we will begin where we stopped yesterday so that no point will be left out.
今天我们将从昨天停止的地方开始，因此就不会遗漏任何要点。
2．条件状语从句的常见引导词：if、unless(＝if ... not)、so/as long as (只要)、on condition that (条件是)、only if (只有)、provided that (如果)、in case (万一，如果)、suppose/supposing that (假设，如果)、assuming that(假设)等。
My parents don't mind what job I do as long as I am happy.
我的父母不在意我从事什么工作，只要我高兴就好。
3．在条件状语从句中，常用一般现在时表将来含义；现在完成时表即将完成之后的情况；一般过去时表过去将来的含义。
重点三
其他状语从句★★★☆☆
1.原因状语从句
原因状语从句可由because、as、since、now that (in that)等词引导：
(1)because译作“因为”，表直接原因，语气较强，能回答由why提出的问句。
The old man asked Lucy to move to another chair because he wanted to sit next to his wife.
那位老人让露西换坐到另一把椅子上，因为他想挨着妻子坐。
(2)as (由于)、since (既然)、now that/in that (既然)，表双方都知道的原因，语气较弱。as、since和now that引导的从句多位于主句之前。
Now that you have done that, stop blaming yourself.
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既然你已经做了，就不要自责了。
2．目的状语从句
(1)in order that引导的从句可置于主句之前或之后，而so that引导的从句通常置于主句之后。在从句中常与can、may、could、might等情态动词连用。
In order that we might see the sunrise, we started for the peak early.
为了能看到日出，我们早早地出发去山顶。
(2)for fear that/in case
这两个连词引导的目的状语从句中的谓语常用“(should＋)动词原形”。
He wrote the name down for fear that/in case he (should) forget it.
他把名字写下来以免忘了。
3．结果状语从句
引导结果状语从句的连词有：so that、so ... that、such ... that。其结构是：
(1)so＋adj./adv.＋that从句
so＋adj.＋a(n)＋可数名词单数＋that从句
so＋many/much/little(少)/few＋名词＋that从句
(2)such＋a(n)＋adj.＋可数名词单数＋that从句
such＋adj.＋可数名词复数/不可数名词＋that从句
such＋a lot of/lots of＋名词＋that从句
(3)主句＋so that从句
It was such a cold day that there was nobody in the street.
＝It was so cold a day that there was nobody in the street.
＝It was a cold day so that there was nobody in the street.
天气非常冷，街上一个人也没有。
4．方式状语从句
方式状语从句用来表示主句谓语动作发生的方式，常由as (像……一样)、as if/though (似乎，好像)等引导。
(1)as引导方式状语从句，前面常可用just加强语气。
I did just as the teacher did.
我就像老师做的那样做了。
(2)as if/as though引导方式状语从句时，常用虚拟语气。
She spoke English so well as if she had been to America.
她英语说得非常好，就好像她去过美国似的。
单句小练(单句填空)
4．Take this baggage and put it you can find enough room.
答案与解析 wherever/where 根据句意可知需填入表示地点状语的词。wherever引导地点状语从句，表示“无论哪里”。
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5．Only he works hard will Mr. Smith be able to regain control of the company.
答案与解析 if only if引导真实的条件状语从句，放在句首时，主句要部分倒装。
题型Ⅰ 语法填空
真题在线
1．(2017·北京卷) birds use their feathers for flight, some of their feathers are for other purposes.
答案与解析 Although/While/Though 句意：尽管鸟类用它们的羽毛来飞行，可是它们的羽毛中的一些还有其他用处。设空处引导让步状语从句。
2．(2017·江苏卷)Located the Belt meets the Road, Jiangsu will contribute more to the Belt and Road Initiative.
答案与解析 where 句意：位于“一带”和“一路”的交汇处，江苏将对“一带一路倡议”贡献更多。设空处引导地点状语从句，且在从句中作地点状语，因此用where引导。
答题秘诀
1．全面掌握9大状语从句的连接词，熟悉它们的用法。
2．准确判断主从句的逻辑关系，同时要注意区分易混词：如果主从句是因果关系，则要考虑because/as/since；如果主从句有时间先后之分，则要考虑时间状语从句的连接词；如果从句为主句的条件，则要考虑if；如果从句表示让步，则要考虑although或though；如果有that，则要考虑so和such。
题型Ⅱ 短文改错
真题在线
3．(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)Though not very big, but the restaurant is popular in our area.
答案与解析 去掉but 句意：尽管饭店不大，但是在我们那个地方很受欢迎。though 不和but连用，故去掉but。
4．(2015·全国卷Ⅱ)He liked it so very much that he quickly walked into the shop.
答案与解析 去掉very 本句使用的是so ... that ...结构，so修饰much, very多余，故应去掉。
答题秘诀
1．such ... that ... 结构中such后接名词；so ... that ...结构中so后接形容词或副词。
2．so＋many/much/few/little(少)＋名词＋that ...
3．并列连词不能与从属连词连用，如although/though不能与but连用，because不能与so连用。
4．the moment/the instant/every time/immediately 等相当于连词，引导时间状语从句，不能与when连用。
集 训 新 思 路
小题夯基
Ⅰ.单句填空
1．A terrible accident happened the four roads meet.
答案与解析 where 句意：在4条路交汇处发生了一场可怕的事故。“ the four roads
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meet”在从句中作状语，根据句意可知，应用where引导状语从句。
2．Be careful, you will make fewer mistakes.
答案与解析 and 祈使句和简单句之间是顺承关系，应用连词and。
3．Nepalese often greet each other with the hands pressed together instead of shaking hands, in North America and the UK, people greet each other by shaking hands.
答案与解析 while 句意：尼泊尔人经常将手压在一起而不是握手与彼此打招呼，而在北美和英国，人们彼此握手问候。设空前后两个分句是转折对比关系，故用并列连词while。
4．All the competitors, students or adults, have a strong interest in Chinese folk songs.
答案与解析 whether 句意：所有的选手，无论是学生还是成人，都对中国民歌有浓厚的兴趣。whether ... or ...“无论……还是……”。
5．The task will not be fulfilled we get help from other teams.
答案与解析 unless 句意：除非我们得到其他队的帮助，不然这项任务不会圆满完成。主从句是逻辑上的条件关系，故用unless“如果不；除非”引导条件状语从句。
6．The man enjoyed himself in the river around, happily crying if he had done a great deed.
答案与解析 as as if“好像；仿佛”，引导方式状语从句。
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．Although what he is doing has no huge effect on global warming, but he at least can enjoy a healthy life.
答案与解析 去掉but although 引导让步状语从句不能与转折连词but一起使用。
2．Later, he realized unless he went on like that, he would end up achieving nothing.
答案与解析 unless→if 根据句意可知此处用if引导条件状语从句。unless相当于if ... not ...，注意两者的区分。
3．But if he opened the box, he found it was empty.
答案与解析 if→when 此处表“当他打开时”， 应用when。
4．Besides, I followed a healthy diet of more vegetables or less meat.
答案与解析 or→and more vegetables 与less meat是并列而非选择关系，应用连词and。
5．As I had never cooked before, he was so surprised that the dish was served.
答案与解析 that→when 此处为when引导时间状语从句，故that改为when。
6．On one hand, the school wants very much to maintain its popularity, when on the other hand, they have to face the reality of the differences in their pupils.
答案与解析 when→while 前后两部分之间为对比关系，故when改为while。
7．As soon as we arrived, so we dropped the lines into the river.
答案与解析 去掉so as soon as引导时间状语从句，不能与连词so连用。
8．We were warned not to cheat again so she would need to see our parents.
答案与解析 so→or 根据语境“我们被警告下次不能再作弊，否则她就要见家长”可知，应用连词or“否则”。
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大题提能
Ⅰ.语法填空
(2018·郑州一中模考)One night four college kids 1. (stay) out late, partying and having a good time. They paid no attention 2. the test that had been scheduled for the next day and didn't study. In the morning, they hatched a plan to get out of 3. (take) their test. They covered 4. (they) with grease (润滑油) and dirt and went to the Dean's office 5. (nervous). Once there, they said they 6. (be) to a wedding the previous night and on the way back they got 7. flat tire and had to push the car back to campus.
The Dean listened to their sad story and got lost in deep 8. (think). Then he offered them a retest three days later. They thanked him and accepted his offer.
9． the test day arrived, they went to the Dean. The Dean put them all in separate 10. (room) for the test. They were fine with this since they had all studied hard. Then they saw the test. It had 2 questions.
(1)Your Name (1 Point)
(2)Which tire burst? (99 Points)
Options—(a) Front Left (b) Front Right (c) Back Left (d) Back Right
答案与解析
1．stayed 考查动词时态。根据下文中的“They paid no attention”可知，此处用一般过去时，表示过去发生的动作，与空前的“One night”呼应。
2．to 考查介词。固定搭配pay attention to sb.意为“留心；注意某事”，故用介词to。
3．taking 考查非谓语动词。介词后跟名词、代词或动词-ing形式作宾语，故填taking。
4．themselves 考查代词。根据语境可知，他们在自己身上抹上润滑油和泥土。该空与句子主语“They”呼应，故用themselves作宾语。
5．nervously 考查词性转换。副词修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，故用nervously修饰谓语动词went。
6．had been 考查动词时态。参加婚礼发生在他们陈述事件之前，表示过去的过去，故用过去完成时。
7．a 考查冠词。tire是可数名词的单数形式，且第一次在语境中出现，故用不定冠词修饰，又因flat的发音以辅音音素开头，故填a。
8．thought 考查词性转换。deep是形容词，修饰名词，且be/get lost in thought为固定短语，意为“陷入沉思”，故用名词thought。
9．When 考查连词。when引导时间状语从句，意为“当……时候”，符合语境。
10．rooms 考查名词的数。根据语境可知，系主任把他们安排在不同的房间，因此此处表示复数概念，故用rooms。
Ⅱ.短文改错
(2018·吉林长白山四校联考)I'm more than happy to hear you. You told me you were having trouble learn Chinese and wanted some advices from me.
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Firstly, why not to learn to sing Chinese songs? It's a good way to learn Chinese and can make you feel relaxing. Secondly, you can make some Chinese friends. Although you get along well with us, they will help you to learn Chinese. Beside, it will be helpful if you watched some Chinese TV programmes and read some Chinese novels. Finally, joining a club is also the good way to learn Chinese. In this way, you will get more chances to practice Chinese.
I hope the suggestions will be useful.
答案与解析
I'm more than happy to hear you. You told me you were having trouble Chinese and wanted some from me.
Firstly, why not learn to sing Chinese songs? It's a good way to learn Chinese and can make you feel Secondly, you can make some Chinese friends. you get along well with they will help you to learn Chinese. it will be helpful if you some Chinese TV programmes and read some Chinese novels. Finally, joining a club is also good way to learn Chinese. In this way, you will get more chances to practice Chinese.
I hope the suggestions will be useful.
①hear后加from hear from sb. “收到某人的来信”。
②learn→learning have trouble doing sth. “费力做某事”。
③advices→advice advice是不可数名词，没有复数形式。
④去掉to Why not do sth.? “为什么不做某事？”。
⑤relaxing→relaxed 在句中作表语，说明人“感到放松的”，应用形容词relaxed。
⑥Although→If 根据句意“如果你和他们相处融洽，他们会帮助你学习汉语”可知，应用if引导条件状语从句。
⑦us→them 根据主句主语they可知，此处应用代词them与之呼应。
⑧Beside→Besides 在句中表“另外”，用以补充说明时，用besides。beside意为“在……旁边”。
⑨watched→watch if条件状语从句谓语动词用一般现在时代替一般将来时。
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⑩the→a 此处表一种好方法，故应用不定冠词a。
第3讲 特殊句式 见学生用书P251
单句填空/单句改错
1．(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)It could be anything—gardening, cooking, music, sports but whatever it is, (make) sure it's a relief from daily stress rather than another thing to worry about.
答案与解析 make 句意：它可以是园艺、烹饪、听音乐、做运动等任何事情，但无论是什么，务必保证它是让你释放日常压力的，而不是让你担忧的事。分析句子结构可知，并列连词but连接两个句子。第二个句子中whatever引导让步状语从句，其后应该是主句。祈使句可以充当主句，故该空填动词原形作谓语。
2．(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)At last, I will be on my own, but I still want to have my parents to turn to whenever need help.
答案与解析 whenever后加I 分析句子结构可知， whenever引导的时间状语从句缺了主语，根据句意可知，此处应为主语I。此处不符合状语从句的省略原则——从句谓语部分不是be动词，故不可省略。
练有小得 常考的几种省略情况有：
①if引导的虚拟条件句的省略。当if引导的虚拟条件句中有had、should、were时，可以省去if，同时把had、should、were置于句首；②状语从句中的省略。在when、while、if、as if、though、as等连词引导的状语从句中，如果谓语中有be动词，而主语又跟主句的主语相同或是it，则从句中的主语和be动词常可省略；③不定式中的省略。在一定的上下文中为了避免重复，可以省略不定式中和前面句子中相同的动词(短语)，只保留不定式符号to，否定形式的省略用not to，但如果省略的不定式结构中含有be、have(助动词)，通常保留be或have。
重点一
祈使句、感叹句和省略句★★☆☆☆
1.祈使句
2017年全国卷Ⅰ短文改错和2016年全国卷Ⅱ语法填空把祈使句放在了比较复杂的语境中进行考查。近几年的高考题注重考查语法知识在具体语境中的基本用法，因此考生必须首先掌握这些语法知识的基本用法。祈使句的基本用法如下：祈使句用来表达说话人的请求、命令、建议、劝告等。祈使句的主语一般为第二人称(通常省略)，有时也可用everybody、someone、anybody等不定代词。
祈使句的4种形式
①动词原形(＋宾语＋其他成分)
②Be＋表语，如Be honest.
③Let's/Let us do/not do sth.
④祈使句＋and/or＋简单句(简单句谓语用一般将来时)
2．感叹句
(1)what引导的感叹句
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What＋a/an＋adj.＋可数名词单数＋主语＋谓语！
What＋adj.＋可数名词复数/不可数名词＋主语＋谓语！
What lovely children they are!
他们是多么可爱的孩子啊！
(2)how引导的感叹句
How＋adj.＋a/an＋可数名词单数＋主语＋谓语！
How＋adj./adv.＋主语＋谓语！
How＋主语＋谓语！
How interesting a story it is!
＝What an interesting story it is!
这是多么有趣的一个故事啊！
3．省略句
省略是高考经常涉及的语法点，常考的几种省略情况如下：
(1)状语从句的省略：在when、while、if、as if、though、as、whether等连词引导的状语从句中，如果谓语有be，而主语又跟主句的主语相同或是it，则从句的主语和be常常省略。
(2)不定式中的省略：在一定的上下文中为了避免重复，可以省略不定式中和前面句子中相同的动词(短语)，只保留不定式符号to，否定形式的省略用not to，但如果省略的不定式结构中含有be、have(作助动词用)，通常保留be或have。
(3)if引导的虚拟条件句的省略：当if从句中有had、should、were时，可以省去if，同时把had、should、were置于句首。
单句小练(单句填空/单句改错)
1． (make) what you're doing today important, because you're trading a day of your life for it.
答案与解析 Make 句意：要使你今日所做之事变得重要，因为你为它付出了你生命中的一天。分析句子结构及语境可知，主句为祈使句且含有“make＋宾语＋宾语补足语”的复合结构，故应用动词原形。
2．A child, if actively (involve) in classroom activities, can be taught many things.
答案与解析 involved 句意：如果孩子能积极参加课堂活动，他能学会许多东西。本句考查省略句。将本句补全后为：If a child is actively involved in classroom activities, he can be taught many things.
3．How good advice you have given me！
答案与解析 How→What 感叹句中心词是不可数名词advice，应用what引导感叹句。
重点二
强调句★★☆☆☆
强调句是高考考查的难点，在理解强调句时，学生要注意以下6点：
1．被强调部分是人时，连接词that/who都可以；非人时，用that；
2．强调句的一般疑问句结构：Is/Was＋it＋被强调的部分＋that/who＋其他部分；
3．强调句的特殊疑问句结构：特殊疑问词＋is/was＋it＋that＋其他部分；
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When was it that he made up his mind to take this course?
他是什么时候决定选修这门课程的？
4．含not ... until ...的强调句型：It is/was not until＋...＋that＋其他部分；
5．把句子中的“It is/was ... that/who”去掉之后，句子依然成立，就是强调句，否则就不是强调句；
6．如果需要强调谓语，应用助动词do、does或did。
The family did manage to send him to a technical school.
家里的确设法让他上了技术学校。
[提示] 强调句型与3大从句的辨析
类型
区别
与主语从句的区别
强调句型去掉it is/was和that之后，句子结构仍然完整，而主语从句却不能
①It is there that accidents often happen.(强调句)
②It is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.(主语从句)
与定语从
句的区别
强调句中that没有意义，且不作任何成分，而定语从句中that为关系代词，在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语
①It is novels that Miss William enjoys reading.
(强调句)
②It is a question that needs careful consideration.
(定语从句)
与时间状
语从句的
区别
强调句型去掉It is/was和that后，结构完整，而It is ... when ...中，it指代时间
①It was at six o'clock that I got up today.(强调句)
②It was six o'clock when I got up today.(状语从句)
单句小练(单句填空/单句改错)
4．It was not until near the end of the letter she mentioned her own plan.
答案与解析 that 句意：直到快接近信的结尾处，她才提到了她自己的计划。此句为含有not until ...的强调句式，故答案为that。
5．It was only after he had read the papers Mr. Gross realized the task before him was extremely difficult to complete.
答案与解析 that 句意：只有在读了这些文件之后，格罗斯先生才意识到他面临的任务很难完成。去掉了It was及设空处之后，句子结构仍完整，由此可见，此句是对only修饰的时间状语从句的强调。
6．It was in New Zealand where Elizabeth first met Carl.
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答案与解析 where→that 句意：伊丽莎白是在新西兰初识卡尔的。根据句意以及句子结构可知，此处不是定语从句，是强调结构，强调句子的地点状语in New Zealand，强调结构中不能用where。
重点三
两种形式的倒装句★★★★★
1.部分倒装
(1)将含有否定意义的副词或连词置于句首时引起部分倒装结构。这类词(组)有：never、seldom、rarely、little、few、at no time、by no means、no longer、hardly/scarcely ... when ...、no sooner ... than ...、not only ... but also ...、not until、nowhere、neither ... nor ...等。
Not until I lost my job did I realize I should improve my working skills.
(2)“only＋状语”置于句首时，主句要进行部分倒装。
Only when you can find peace in your heart will you keep good relationships with others.
(3)so/such ... that ...结构中的so、such连同它所修饰的成分共同位于句首表示强调时，主句要用部分倒装。
Such great progress did he make that he was praised.
(4)表示前面所说的情况也适合于后者时，用倒装结构“so/neither/nor＋助动词/系动词/情态动词＋主语”(so表示肯定意义，neither/nor表示否定意义)。
I saw the film The Great Wall last week, so did she.
2．完全倒装
here、there、now、then、out、in、up、down、away、on the wall、in the room等表示地点、时间或方位的副词或介词短语置于句首时，句子用全部倒装。
The Public Square is an eye-catching sight of the city. There stand many stone sculptures of famous historical figures.
大众广场是这个城市引人注目的景点，许多历史名人的石雕像矗立在那里。
单句小练(单句填空)
7．Now, just in front of the house (stand) a tall tree with a history of 100 years.
答案与解析 stands 句意：现在，就在这座房子前面耸立着一棵有100年历史的大树。表示地点的介词短语置于句首，且主语是名词，后面的主语、谓语部分需用全部倒装形式；根据时间状语Now可推知，设空处需用一般现在时；本句主语为第三人称单数，故填stands。
8．So buried (be) she in doing her homework that she didn't notice it got dark outside.
答案与解析 was 句意：她如此专心做家庭作业，以至于她都没注意到外面天已经黑了。so ... that ...句型中，将so ...置于句首，后面的主谓语需部分倒装；根据题干中didn't可知，设空处需用一般过去时，故答案为was。
题型Ⅰ 语法填空
真题在线
1．(2015·北京卷)If (accept) for the job, you'll be informed soon.
答案与解析 accepted 句意：如果你被录取做这个工作，将很快通知你。本题考查状语从句的省略。完整的句子为：If you are accepted for the job, you'll be informed soon.
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2．(2016·天津卷)You are waiting at a wrong place. It is at the hotel the coach picks up tourists.
答案与解析 that 句意：你等错地方了。长途客车是在宾馆接游客。本句是强调句。被强调部分为at the hotel，故设空处填that。
3．(2016·江苏卷)Not until recently they encourage the development of tourist-related activities in the rural areas.
答案与解析 did 句意：直到近期，他们才开始鼓励农村地区与旅游有关的活动的发展。not until位于句首时，句子需用部分倒装，此处指过去所发生的动作，需用一般过去时，故填did。
答题秘诀
注意分析句子结构，结合特殊句式结构特点填空。
题型Ⅱ 短文改错
真题在线
4．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)The instructor kept repeating the words, “Speed up！” “Slow down！” “Turning left！”
答案与解析 Turning→Turn 句意：教练一直重复说着，“加速！”“减速！”“左转弯！”此处与“Speed up！”“Slow down！”并列，表示命令，用祈使句，所以应用动词原形开头。故应改Turning为Turn。近两年高考语法填空和短文改错部分对祈使句的考查比较突出，解题的关键在于根据句子类型判断动词应用何种形式。同时，要特别注意并列结构中动词的一致性问题。
5．(全国卷Ⅱ)There have three lessons in the morning and two in the afternoon.
答案与解析 have→are 分析句子结构可知，此处是there be句型，表示“有”，there不能与have(有)连用。最近的主语是three lessons，故用复数谓语are。
练有小得 ①there be句型中的be可以有不同的时态，可以和助动词或情态动词连用；②there be句型中的be有时可以用seem to be、appear to be、happen to be、used to be、have to be、remain、lie等替换；③there be句型中谓语动词的数与be动词后的名词的数一致。
答题秘诀
利用特殊句式用法规则解题：
(1)祈使句的谓语动词一律用动词原形。
(2)there be句型表“有”，there不能与have(有)连用。
(3)强调句型中，要用that作连接词，不能用which或其他词，且不能省略。
(4)利用句中的时态、时间状语或语境确定助动词/情态动词/系动词的正确使用。
集 训 新 思 路
小题夯基
句式升级
(1～4题倒装，5题倒装和强调，6题强调，7～8题省略)
1．The problem was so difficult to work out that I decided to ask Tom for advice.
→So difficult was the problem to work out that I decided to ask Tom for advice.
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2．I understood the question only after the teacher explained it to me a second time.
→Only after the teacher explained it to me a second time did I understand the question.
3．The silence came then, each waiting for others to let the cat out of the bag.
→Then came the silence, each waiting for others to let the cat out of the bag.
4．The parents didn't tolerate their kids' rudeness at the party; they didn't allow themselves to be disobeyed, either.
→The parents didn't tolerate their kids' rudeness at the party; nor did they allow themselves to be disobeyed.
5．I didn't realize it was already too late for us to return home until it grew dark.
→Not until it grew dark did I realize it was already too late for us to return home.
→It was not until it grew dark that I realized it was already too late for us to return home.
6．The villagers found some strange creatures that they hadn't seen before in the lake.
→It was in the lake that the villagers found some strange creatures that they hadn't seen before.
7．Though he was tired, he managed to climb the hill.
→Though tired, he managed to climb the hill.
8．Get up early tomorrow. If you don't get up early, you won't catch the train to Beijing.
→Get up early tomorrow. If not, you won't catch the train to Beijing.
大题提能
Ⅰ.语法填空
(2018·湖北八校联考)Show jumping is an equestrian (马术的) sport which involves 1. (get) through a course of obstacles set up inside a ring (竞技场). As is often mentioned, it is the 2. (popular) event in China. In a show jumping event, the endurance, speed and 3. (flexible) of the horse, along with the cross-species relationship between the horse and its rider, 4. (test). Competition rankings are determined by 5. number of faults accumulated and the overall speed with which the course is completed.
A fault is a point that counts against the horse and the rider. It is rare for a course to be completed without any mistake. If a horse knocks down an obstacle, a fault is accumulated. If the horse walks away from an obstacle, it gets another fault. If a horse refuses too many 6. (obstacle), it will be disqualified from the competition. 7. (usual), the rider walks around the ring before the competition to get familiar 8. the layout (布局)．
Show jumping is one of 9. we call the most dynamic equestrian events. Interested? 10. (check) out any leg of the Longines Global Champions Tour!
答案与解析
1．getting 考查非谓语动词。involve doing sth. “包括做某事”。
2．most popular 考查比较级。设空前是定冠词the，设空后是in China，故该空用最高级，故填most
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popular。
3．flexibility 考查词性转换。根据设空前的名词the endurance、speed可知，该空应填名词。
4．are tested 考查动词时态语态和主谓一致。短文叙述的是现在的情况，故用一般现在时；主语the endurance, speed and flexibility of the horse与test是被动关系，故用一般现在时的被动语态。本句中最前面的名词是the endurance, speed and flexibility of the horse, 故填are tested。
5．the 考查冠词。the number of “……的数量”。
6．obstacles 考查名词的数。设空前是many，故可数名词obstacle用复数形式。
7．Usually 考查词性转换。设空在句中作状语，修饰全句，应用副词。
8．with 考查动词短语。get familiar with “熟悉……”。
9．what 考查宾语从句。what 引导宾语从句，且在从句中作动词call宾语。
10．Check 考查祈使句。此处是祈使句句式，故填动词原形，注意句首首字母大写。
Ⅱ.短文改错
Dear Peter，
I'm very glad to receive your e-mail asking for information about the host family we have arranged you to stay with.
Locating in a beautiful and quiet neighbourhood, the house was big enough to enable you to have a room of your own. Apart from the convenient public transportation, our private car will make your visit easy. Because all the family members can speak fluently English and have outgoing personalities, I'm sure you will have no trouble communicate with them. Above all, they hosted the American student last year, through that they gained lots of experience. In addition to, the hostess cooking will guarantee you a wonderful chance of tasting delicious Chinese food.
Hope you enjoy your stay there.
Yours，
Li Hua
答案与解析
Dear Peter，
I'm very glad to receive your e-mail asking for information about the host family we have arranged you to stay with.
in a beautiful and quiet neighbourhood, the house big enough to enable you to have a room of your own. Apart from the convenient public transportation, private car will make your visit easy. Because all the family members can speak English and have outgoing personalities, I'm sure you
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will have no trouble with them. Above all, they hosted American student last year, through they gained lots of experience. In addition ， the cooking will guarantee you a wonderful chance of tasting delicious Chinese food.
Hope you enjoy your stay there.
Yours，
Li Hua
①you前加for 考查固定短语。arrange for sb. to do sth.“安排某人做某事”，为固定搭配。
②Locating→Located 考查非谓语动词。be located in ...“坐落于……”，为固定短语，在句中作状语，故改为Located。
③was→is 考查动词的时态。此处是在介绍这个家庭的基本情况，表示客观事实，故用一般现在时。
④our→their 考查代词。文章是“我”在为Peter介绍他所要寄宿的家庭的情况，与下文中的“them”相照应，故our改为their。
⑤fluently→fluent 考查形容词。修饰名词应用形容词，故用形容词fluent作定语修饰English。
⑥communicate→communicating 考查固定短语。have no trouble (in) doing sth.意为“做某事没有困难”，为固定搭配，故用动词-ing形式作宾语。
⑦the→an 考查冠词。根据语境可知，此处表示泛指，故用不定冠词；又因American的发音以元音音素开头，故the改为an。
⑧that→which 考查定语从句。在定语从句中，介词后跟关系代词which/whom。结合语境可知，关系词表示前面整件事，故将that改为which。
⑨去掉to 考查介词。由语境可知，此处应用In addition表示“此外”，故将介词to删除。in addition to为介词短语，后跟名词、代词或动词-ing作宾语，不可单独使用。
⑩hostess→hostess' 考查名词所有格。这里指女主人的厨艺，应用名词所有格。
第三部分 写作增分法
专题一 基本句型 最基础
第1讲 基本句型，并不简单——五大基本句型在写作中的应用
见学生用书P254
简单句包括五种基本句型，虽然句式简单，但在书面表达中是构成一篇文章的基础，需灵活使用这五种句型
1.主语＋系动词＋表语(系动词除be外，还可用感官动词或表变化的动词等；表语可为形容词、名词、代词、分词、不定式、动名词、介词短语等)
(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)I feel proud and delighted knowing your interest in Chinese traditional culture.
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知道你对中国传统文化感兴趣我感到自豪而高兴。
2．主语＋不及物动词(其后不接宾语，但可接副词、介词短语、状语从句等)
(全国卷Ⅰ)In the environment, teachers and students are living happily and working hard.
在这种环境下，师生们生活快乐，工作努力。
3．主语＋及物动词＋宾语(如名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词等)
(2017·北京卷)I prefer the tour along the Yangtze.
我更喜欢长江之旅。
4．主语＋及物动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语(间接宾语前可以用介词to或for)
It offers teenagers like you and me a chance to enjoy sports and learn about Chinese culture.
它给像你我这样的青少年提供了一个享受运动和学习中国文化的机会。
(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)I'll be grateful if you give a kind consideration to my invitation.
如果你能考虑我的邀请我将不胜感激。
5．主语＋及物动词＋宾语＋宾语补足语(如名词、代词、动词不定式、形容词等)
Your contribution will certainly make the event a huge success.
你的参与将使得这次活动大获成功。
1.一开始上课我就觉得相当紧张。
I feel extremely nervous the instant the class begins.
2．这是一个著名的中国成语故事。
This is a well-known story from an ancient Chinese idiom.
3．我真诚希望我们的友谊能永存。
I sincerely hope that our friendship lasts forever.
4．这个活动促进了我们之间的友谊。
The activity promoted the friendship among us.
5．我代表我们学校，向你们表达热烈的欢迎。
On behalf of our school, I would like to express our warm welcome to you.
6．这样的行为让我深思。
Such behaviour left me deep in thought.
利用五大基本句型，结合中文提示补全短文并背诵
(2017·北京卷满分作文改编)(1)Graduation finally came (毕业终于到了). (2)My classmates and I decided to do something (我和同学们决定做点什么). After a heated discussion, we agreed on making a video to record our experiences at school.
(3)Material collecting took us a whole week (收集材料用了我们一整周), during which we interviewed our
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teachers and took pictures of every aspect of school life. (4)The editing part after that was tough (此后的编辑部分很难). We debated over what to put into the video. Some compromises were unavoidable, but (5)we found the video perfect (我们发现视频很完美). Several days later, when the video was played on the graduation ceremony, it was well received. (6)The students and teachers shared a great time (师生们共度了美好的时光). Surely (7)that gave us a great sense of achievement (这给了我们很大的成就感)．
第2讲 齐头“并”进，整齐和谐——并列句在写作中的应用
见学生用书P255
在写作中应巧妙利用并列连词或副词将两个或两个以上相互独立的简单句构成并列句，以使文章整齐和谐，抑扬顿挫
1.并列关系常用句型或词语：both ... and ...(既……又……)、not only ... but also ...(不但……而且……)、neither ... nor ...(既不……也不)、when ...(这时……)
They not only offer us joy and excitement, but also encourage us to think critically.
他们不仅给我们快乐和兴奋，也鼓励我们批判性地思考。
(2015·北京高考)If you are interested in it, let me know and I'll send you more information.
如果你对此感兴趣，告诉我，我会把更多的信息发给你。
2．选择关系常用句型或词语：either ... or ...(或者……或者……)、not ... but ...(不是……而是……)、or(或者)、otherwise(否则)
It is often said that the joy of traveling is not in arriving at your destination but in the journey itself.
人们通常说旅行的快乐不在于到达目的地而在于旅行本身。
3．转折关系常用词语：but(但是)、however(然而)、while(然而)
Some people believe smoking is harmful to health while others consider it helps reduce working pressure.
有些人认为吸烟有害健康，而另一些人则认为它有助于减轻工作压力。
4．表因果关系常用词语：for/so/therefore/thus(因此)
All the classmates are friendly and kind, so you don't need to worry about the difficulty.
所有的同学都非常友好和善良，因此你没必要担心有什么困难。
用适当的并列连词填空
1．My uncle is tall and he is wearing glasses. And he will be in a blue jacket.
2．He is not only the first Chinese to go to space but also one of the greatest astronauts in the world.
3．I was enjoying the fantastic scenery around when something unpleasant caught my eye.
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4．If we are in trouble, it is not our phones but our friends that can really help us out.
5．Take the chance, or/otherwise you'll regret it.
6．Most of my classmates wanted to go to a park while I had an idea of going to a nicer place.
利用所学并列句的相关知识，结合语境补全短文并背诵
(2016·全国卷Ⅱ满分作文改编)
Dear Ms. Jenkins，
I'm Li Hua 1.and I'm writing to ask you for help. I've determined to take a part-time job during the summer holiday 2.for I intend to accumulate some social experience. I am quite interested in a position in a foreign-funded company 3.and I have already written application in English. 4.However, I am not sure of the vocabulary and grammar that I used and the formats of application letter and resume. 5.So would you please 6.not only correct the mistakes 7.but also polish the formats if it is convenient for you?
I'll be grateful if you can help me with that. I have attached my application letter as well as resume to this letter.
Looking forward to your early reply.
Yours，
Li Hua
专题二 精彩句子 最增分
第1讲 活用“非谓”，言简意明——非谓语动词在写作中的应用
见学生用书P256
写作中恰当运用非谓语动词对简单句和复合句进行转换，不仅显得句式多样，句子活泼，而且读起来结构紧凑，言简意明
1.动名词(作主语、表语、定语和宾语等)
(2015·全国卷Ⅱ)We'll also spend some fun time together singing, dancing and playing games.
我们也会一起唱歌、跳舞、玩游戏，度过开心的时光。
2．现在分词(作表语、定语、补语和状语等)
Following my schedule, I practiced speaking English to make sure I had a good pronunciation.
依照我的计划，我练习英语以确保我发音良好。
3．不定式(作主语、表语、定语、宾语、宾语补足语和状语等)
In fact, he inspires me to major in English in college.
事实上他激励我在大学以英语为专业。
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We may have various ways to deal with such a situation.
我们或许有各种各样处理这种情况的办法。
4．过去分词(作表语、定语、补语和状语等)
Amazed at how skillful they were, I was determined to be just as good.
对他们娴熟的技巧惊讶不已，我决定像他们一样棒。
1.网络投票使得立即反馈成为可能。
Voting on the Internet makes instant feedback possible.
2．进入教室，李老师吃惊地发现我们站成一排，拍手并大声说“教师节快乐”。
Entering the classroom, Ms. Li was surprised to find we were standing in a line, clapping hands and saying loudly “Happy Teachers' Day”．
3．半小时后，我设法得出了正确答案。
Half an hour later, I managed to find the correct answer.
4．坐落于沿海城市厦门，它是中国相当有名的学校。
Located/Situated in the coastal city of Xiamen, it is quite a famous university in China.
利用非谓语动词，结合中文提示补全短文并背诵
Dear Tim，
I've finally (1)made up my mind to go to America (决定去美国) for further study after graduating from high school.
I've been (2)longing to go to America (渴望去美国), mainly for two reasons. One is that I can experience American culture, which is quite different from that of my country. The other is that I can (3)have my horizons broadened (拓宽视野) in this developed country.
But (4)to tell the truth (说实话), (5)facing/faced with many challenges (面对很多挑战), I am worried. I don't have a good command of English, especially spoken English, so I'm afraid I'll (6)have difficulty fitting in (很难适应) very soon. Besides, I have the pressure from my lessons, which I don't know (7)how to handle (如何处理)．
(8)With so many things bothering me (有如此多的事情困扰我), I hope you can offer me some practical advice.
(9)Looking forward to hearing from you (盼望收到你的来信)．
Yours，
Li Hua
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第2讲 实用“定语”，先声夺人——定语从句在写作中的应用
见学生用书P256
作文中使用定语从句后，使得文章句式复杂，亮点增多，体现作者的深厚功底，吸引阅卷老师的眼球，是作文的增分点，从而“加分”多多
1.限制性定语从句(与先行词关系密切，没有逗号与先行词隔开，应正确使用关系代词和关系副词)
It carries articles which are written by foreign friends about the cultures of their home countries.
它刊登由外国友人写的关于他们祖国的文化的文章。
I will learn from him and be a person who is always ready to help others.
我将向他学习，成为一个乐于帮助别人的人。
2．非限制性定语从句(对所修饰的成分作进一步说明，有逗号隔开。其中as, which引导的定语从句在高考范文中屡见不鲜)
Finally, I would like to ask a few questions about his personal life, which must be very interesting.
最后，我想问他几个私人生活的问题，这些肯定非常有趣。
As an old saying goes, living without a clear and achievable aim is like sailing without a compass.
正如古老的谚语所说，生活没有清晰可达成的目标，犹如航海没有指南针。
3．“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句(关系代词指人用whom，指物用which)
Speaking and listening are very important for a language learning, by which you are sure to make great progress.
听和说对于一门语言的学习非常重要，通过它们你一定会取得很大进步。
利用定语从句升级下面的句子
1．Every student in our class can be in harmony with foreign friends and this makes it easy for you to get along with them.
→Every student in our class can be in harmony with foreign friends, which makes it easy for you to get along with them.
2．The talent show will take place in our school gym from 8: 30 a．m. to 11: 30 a．m. Its theme is “Innovations on Campus”．
→The talent show, whose theme/the theme of which is “Innovations on Campus”， will take place in our school gym from 8: 30 a．m. to 11: 30 a．m.
3．London is a very beautiful city. It is the capital of UK.
→London, which is the capital of UK, is a very beautiful city.
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(一)利用定语从句句型，结合中文提示补全短文并背诵
Dear Mr. Pick,
The website (1)that/which you've recommended to me (你向我推荐的) is very beneficial to my English study. It has abundant reading materials (2)that/which I need most (我最需要的), (3)which have greatly broadened my horizons (这极大地拓宽了我的视野). Now I have become more interested in English. Besides, I've made many new friends, and with them I exchange a lot about school life, cultures, science, and so on. Now I can express myself much better than ever.
The reason (4)why I have made rapid progress (我取得进步的原因) in English study is because of your kindness and consideration. I owe all my achievements to you. I'm looking forward to more advice from you!
Yours，
Li Hua
(二)利用“with＋关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句升级加波浪线的句子
with whom I exchange a lot about school life, cultures, science, and so on
第3讲 四大“名”句，内涵丰富——名词性从句在写作中的应用
见学生用书P257
名词性从句是写作中常用的高级表达，内涵丰富，不容小觑，它包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句
1.主语从句(注意it作形式主语的it is＋adj./n.＋that ...及what impresses/surprises ... sb. most is that ...等主语从句)
However, it is important that we never lose the enthusiasm to keep on trying.
然而，重要的是，我们从来没有丧失过继续努力的热情。
What impressed me most was that I failed in an English exam, feeling extremely upset and disappointed.
给我影响最深刻的就是我在一次英语考试中不及格，我感到相当沮丧和失望。
2．表语从句(that在表语从句中不作成分，但不能省略)
常用句型：
(1)The reason why ... is that ... ……的原因是……
(2)That/This/It is why/because ...这就是为什么/因为……
(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)I have an important class meeting to attend. That is why I can't keep the appointment.
我要参加一个重要的班会，这就是我不能守约的原因。
3．宾语从句(注意语序和时态)
(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)I'm wondering if you can help me add some contents.
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我想知道你是否能帮助增加一些内容。
4．同位语从句(前后互相解释，地位平等)
写作中常用句式：
(1)sb. holds the belief/view that ...某人坚定地认为……
(2)No one can deny the fact that ...谁也不可否认的事实是……
No one can deny the fact that environment is getting polluted more and more seriously.
谁也不可否认的事实是，环境污染越来越严重了。
1.我们最喜欢的是我们一起赏月的时刻。
What we love most is when we enjoy the full moon together.
2．那就是为什么比起那一天我收到的任何其他的礼物，我更珍惜它的原因。
That's why I value it more than any other gift I received that day.
3．我希望我们彼此交流更多并发展我们的友谊。
I hope that we may exchange more with each other and develop our friendship.
4．他们赢得比赛的消息很快传遍了整个学校。
The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school.
(一)利用所学名词性从句相关知识，结合中文提示补全短文并背诵
Dear Dr. Zhang，
Our school is planning to celebrate the 100th anniversary next month. I am writing to ask (1)whether/if it is convenient for you to come (你是否方便来) and give a lecture on (2)how you achieved success (你如何取得成功) as the Nobel Prize winner.
(3)What we want to know (我们想知道的是) is what your school life was like, and this will help us have a better idea of our school history and be a great encouragement for us.
(4)I would appreciate it if you could accept my invitation (如果您能接受我的邀请，我将不胜感激). Looking forward to seeing you.
Yours，
Li Hua
(二)按要求升级句式
利用非限制性定语从句升级加波浪线的句子
which will help us have a better idea of our school history and be a great encouragement for us
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第4讲 巧用状从，画龙点睛——状语从句在写作中的应用
见学生用书P258
作文中利用各种形式的状语从句，能使文章句式复杂多样，对要点的表述更加具体、生动、准确和全面，并能突出重点，起到“点睛”作用，让阅卷老师眼前一亮
1.时间状语从句(引导词：①常用when、as、while、as soon as、before、after、since、till、until；②特殊the minute、the moment、the second、every time、the day、the instant、immediately、directly、no sooner ... than、hardly ... when、scarcely ... when等)
When the craftsman came into the classroom, we gave him a warm welcome and two boys helped him with the tool box.
当工匠走进教室时，我们热烈地欢迎了他并且两位男孩帮他拿着工具箱。
2．地点状语从句(引导词：①常用where；②特殊wherever、anywhere、everywhere)
If you are travelling where the customs are totally different from your own, you may feel a cultural shock.
如果你在一个风俗与你当地完全不同的地方旅游，你可能会感受到文化冲击。
3．原因状语从句(引导词：①常用because、since、as、for；②特殊seeing that、now that、in that、considering that、given that等)
They have made remarkable progress, considering that they only started last week.
考虑到他们是上周才开始的，他们已经取得了相当大的进步。
4．目的状语从句(引导词：①常用so that、in order that；②特殊in case、for fear that)
In order that he can have a chance to receive university education, his parents work hard day and night.
为了使他能有机会接受大学教育，他的父母日夜辛苦地工作。
5．结果状语从句(引导词：常用so ... that、such ... that)
The dough figurine he made was so beautiful that we couldn't wait to have a try ourselves.
他做的面人如此漂亮，以至于我们迫不及待地想亲自试试。
6．条件状语从句(引导词：①常用if、unless、in case；②特殊as/so long as、only if、providing/provided that、supposing that、on condition that等)
I would consider studying abroad on condition that I get a scholarship.
倘若获得奖学金，我会考虑出国留学。
7．让步状语从句[引导词：①常用though、although、even if/though、while、特殊疑问词-ever；②特殊as、whether ... or (not) ...(不管……不论……)]
I have decided to take the job offer, whether it is good or bad.
不管好坏，我已经决定接受这份工作邀请。
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1.我继续练习，直到我足够自信挑战好的球员。
I kept practising until I became confident enough to challenge the good players.
2．我为这次经历感到自豪，因为它使我意识到我们能通过努力实现我们的目标。
I am really proud of this experience, because it makes me realize that we can achieve our goals through hard work.
3．如果有更多我能帮助的，请告诉我。
If/Supposing that there is anything more I can do to help, please don't hesitate to let me know.
4．无论你做什么，重要的是你做好它。
No matter what/Whatever you do, it is important that you do it well.
利用状语从句，结合中文提示补全短文并背诵
Dear Jean，
I'm Li Hua from Class Two. (1)When I hear (当我听说) that you are going to offer courses to help improve our English, I'm extremely excited. (2)Since/Because/Now that I'm weak in English writing (因为我英语写作不好), I'd be really glad to sign up for the course Trying Your Pen.
(3)Since/Ever since I began to learn English (自从我开始学英语), I have been spending much time reading and listening, (4)so that I have been doing well (因此我一直很擅长) in them. Unfortunately, however, I have great difficulty in writing. (5)Every/Each time I pick up my pen (每次我拿起笔), I'm at a loss about what to write, and how to organize the sentences and paragraphs. So I eagerly hope to attend your class.
I would be grateful (6)if I could be accepted (如果我被接受)．
Yours，
Li Hua
第5讲 “虚实”结合，委婉动人——虚拟语气在写作中的应用
见学生用书P259
委婉动听的虚拟语气句型在写作中属于高级句式，它的合理运用能给文章增色添彩
写作中常可利用的虚拟语气句式：
1．if型虚拟语气，“如果……，就……”；if only型虚拟语气，“要是……就好了；但愿……”；as if/though型虚拟语气，“好像”。
If only I could go back and reset my goals!
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要是我能回到过去，重新设定目标该多好啊！
Everything in my childhood crowded into my mind as if they had just happened.
童年的一切一下子涌入我的大脑，仿佛刚刚发生似的。
2．wish型虚拟语气，“希望”；would rather sb. did/had done ...“宁愿”。
I wish there wouldn't be too many students in a class.
我希望一个班不会有太多的学生。
3．It's time sb. did/should do ...“某人该做……”和should型虚拟语气，常用来表建议等。
It's high time that we should take measures to prevent air pollution.
是我们该采取措施阻止空气污染的时候了。
4．without/but for含蓄虚拟语气，“没有……/要不是……”。
Without his praise, I couldn't have gone so far in my English study.
要不是他的表扬，我的英语不会取得这么大的进步。
1.如果我是你，我会在傍晚和朋友一起散步。
If I were you, I would take a walk in the evening with my friends.
2．为了掌握普通话，我强烈建议你和中国人进行练习。
To master Mandarin, I strongly suggest that you (should) practice with Chinese people.
3．没有你的帮助，我不可能在演讲比赛中获得一等奖。
Without your help, I couldn't have won first prize in the speech competition.
4．是我们该下定决心努力学习的时候了。
It's high time that we made/should make up our minds to study hard.
5．要是我昨天听了你的建议就好了。
If only I had taken your advice yesterday.
利用所学虚拟语气写作句型，结合中文提示补全短文并背诵
I feel honored to be invited here to deliver a speech. My topic today is “If I Were a Dustman”．
Perhaps you are surprised at my choice, but I do think being a dustman is a great choice. I wish (1)I could become a dustman (我能成为一名环卫工人) because (2)I wish I could make our city a more beautiful place to live in (我希望我能把我们的城市变成一个更美的居住的地方).
If I were a dustman, (3)I would make our city cleaner (我会让我们的城市更干净) with no rubbish lying on the street. I would tell others without us dustmen our city (4)would be difficult to live in (很难居住). (5)I would rather you were in favor of my idea (我宁愿你们支持我的主意)．
My suggestion is that, whatever you do, (6)you should devote yourself to doing it well (你应专心做好它)．
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第6讲 恰当“强调”，重点突出——强调句型在写作中的应用
见学生用书P260
强调句型在写作中的灵活运用不仅有助于增强表达效果，突出要强调的重点，更能彰显考生对英语表达的把握能力
1.It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他
It was when we were returning home that I realized what a good feeling it was to have helped someone in trouble.
正是在我们回家的时候，我才意识到帮助别人于危难之时的感觉是多么令人愉悦。
2．Is/Was it＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他？
Is it the teacher's help that contributes to your success?
是你老师的帮助才促进你的成功吗？
3．特殊疑问词＋is/was it＋that＋其他？(如用在宾语从句中应用陈述语序)
I wonder why it was that you gave up such a good opportunity.
我想知道你为什么放弃这么好的机会。
4．It is/was not until ... that ...
It was not until last term that I realized the importance of team work.
直到上个学期我才理解了团队合作的重要性。
5．强调谓语时，借助于“do/does/did＋动词原形”
I do cherish the opportunity to get educated.
我确实珍惜这个受教育的机会。
1.重要的是遵守规则的人们。
It is the people who obey the rules that matter.
2．重要的是心意而不是花钱多少吗？
Is it the thought that counts rather than how much it costs?
3．直到我进入高中我才意识到英语的重要性。
It was not until I entered senior high school that I realized the importance of English.
4．那一天我们的确玩得很开心。
We did have a good time that day.
5．据我所知，可能赢这次竞赛的人是你。
As far as I am concerned, it is you who/that are likely to win the contest.
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(一)利用所学的强调句型，结合中文提示补全短文并背诵
Dear Mr. and Mrs. Johnson,
(1)It is from my home in China that I'm writing to you (我是从中国的家里写信给你). I returned home safe and sound. When I think of the wonderful two weeks I spent in Birmingham, England, (2)it is both of you that/who (就是你们两个人) I just can't help thinking of. It was so kind of you to have provided everything to make my staying there such a happy and lucky experience. I've learned so much, not only English but also culture. And (3)I did enjoy (我的确很开心) a great deal, the fun and laughter we shared with each other. Thank you very much. I'll always remember this trip as well as your kindness.
I'll keep in touch and write to you later.(4)Do take care (一定要保重)!
Yours faithfully,
Li Hua
(二)利用强调句型升级加波浪线的句子
It is this trip as well as your kindness that I'll always remember.
第7讲 倒装省略，独具一格——倒装和省略在写作中的应用
见学生用书P261
倒装句和省略句在写作中的巧妙运用是书面表达得高分的助力
1.在写作中我们可利用部分倒装和全部倒装使句子更高级。写作中常用的倒装句式如下：
(1)“Only＋状语/状语从句”和not only ...置于句首的部分倒装句最常用
Only in this way can we students study happily and effectively.
只有以这种方式，我们学生才能愉快、有效地学习。
(2)在so/such ... that ...结构中，当so/such ...位于句首时，其后的句子部分倒装
(2016·北京高考)So well did we do that we were invited to share our idea and experience with all the students.
我们做得如此好以至于被邀请和所有学生分享我们的想法和经验。
(3)形容词/副词/名词/动词原形＋as/though＋主谓．.. “尽管……”
Poor as/though he was, he never got discouraged easily.
尽管他很穷，他从未轻易沮丧。
(4)否定副词或否定的介词短语，如neither、nor、never、at no time、by no means等置于句首，主谓部分倒装。
By no means should you lose heart in the face of such difficulty.
在这样的困难面前你决不能失去信心。
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(5)表地点、时间或方位的副词或介词短语，如here、there、now、then、in the room等置于句首，且主语是名词时，主谓全部倒装。
In front of our school stands a tall tree with a history of 1,000 years.
我们学校前面有一棵1 000年树龄的大树。
2．写作中常可以利用状语从句的省略句式以使结构更紧凑
(1)if/unless/when/while/once等＋doing/done ...
When consulting others about important decisions, you'd better keep two things in mind.
和他人商量重要决定时，你最好记住两点。
(2)if possible/necessary/not/no/any/ever/so等固定结构
If so, please come to the Student Union and sign up before April 5.
如果这样的话，请在4月5日之前来学生会报名。
1.他不仅改变了自己的命运也改变了美国的历史。
Not only did he change his own fate but also the history of America.
2．我如此激动以至于我抑制不住我的泪水。(倒装句)
So excited was I that I couldn't hold back my tears.
3．我永远不会忘记去年一节英语课上的经历。(倒装句)
Never will I forget an experience in an English class last year.
4．直到河水被严重污染了，人们才意识到这个问题。
Not until the river was seriously polluted did people realize the problem.
5．山脚下流淌着一条美丽而清澈的河流。
At the foot of the mountain flows a beautiful and clean river.
6．一个人要是不努力，就将一事无成。(省略句)
Nobody can achieve anything of real significance unless working hard.
利用倒装句和省略句型，结合提示补全短文并背诵
In front of my home (1)lies a mountain (有座山), which is very high.
(2)Never will I forget (我永远不会忘记) the first time I climbed the mountain with my father. The sky was clear and the sun was shining brightly. (3)So fast did my father walk (我父亲走得如此快) that he was far ahead of me. Not until he stopped to wait for me (4)did I catch up with him (我赶上他). (5)Though/Although tired/Tired as/though I was (尽管我很累), I didn't give up. (6)When reaching (当到达) the top, we felt a sense of achievement.
(7)So is the life (生活也是这样). We shouldn't give up halfway, however great the difficulty is. Only in this way (8)can we succeed (我们才能成功)．
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专题三高级词汇 大不同
亮点词汇，不落俗套——高级词汇在写作中的应用 见学生用书P262
在写作中，学生如能在正确使用基本词汇的基础上，将一些词汇升级为高级词汇，就会为自己的高考作文增加得高分的亮点
1.使用亮点词汇的4个注意点
(1)“语”众不同，避免人云亦云。
(2)更新换代，避免重复。
(3)单词短语巧妙互用。
(4)高年级词汇代替低年级词汇。
2．5个高分必备的亮点词汇
(1)名词：chance→opportunity、choice→alternative、effect→influence、result→consequence、shortcoming→drawback/disadvantage
To put this problem to an end, we have no alternative but to follow these steps.
为了解决这个问题，我们没有别的选择只好按这些步骤走。
(2)动词：have→possess、develop→promote、 replace→substitute、bear→put up with、consider→take ... into account/consideration、understand→make sense of/figure out、lead to→contribute to
I sincerely hope that you will take my suggestions into account.
我真诚地希望你能考虑我的建议。
(3)形容词：enough→adequate、useful→available、difficult→challenging、proper→appropriate、good→beneficial、important→vital/significant、interesting→absorbing/striking/appealing
In the coming three years, our school life will be challenging.
在随后的三年里，我们的学校生活将会是具有挑战性的。
(4)副词：finally→eventually、hardly→barely、nowadays→currently
No one knows how many people currently surf the Net.
没人知道现在有多少人在上网。
(5)连词：so→therefore、and→as well as
Therefore, it's extremely important to guarantee that children have enough time to play.
因此，要保证孩子们有足够的时间玩耍，这是非常重要的。
用高级词汇升级下列句子中的加黑部分
1．Besides, I'd like you to help me.do me a favor
2．I'll be glad if you can consider my recommendation.delighted
3．Developing a good habit is also important.of importance
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4．We all have the same opportunity.possess
5．The answer is certainly the latter.definitely
6．I have decided to be a teacher when I grow up. determined/made up my mind
7．I would appreciate it if you could consider my advice.take my advice into account/consideration
8．Finally, I found the book really interesting and that it was well worth reading.Eventually absorbing/striking/appealing
用高级词汇升级下面学生作文中的加黑部分
Hi, Sharon，
I'm Li Hua. I learned from your post that you want to improve your Mandarin. I am very (1)more than willing to help (2)lend a helping hand to you.
I'm sure (3)convinced I can perfectly live up to your expectations. I am so good at (4)have such a good command of/have so good a command of Mandarin that I won the second prize in the Mandarin Contest held in our city last year. When it comes to improving Mandarin, my advice (5)suggestion/recommendation is that you should listen to Mandarin every day and (6)as well as practice speaking it whenever possible.
Best wishes.
Yours，
Li Hua
专题四 篇章技巧 巧助力
第1讲 巧用两“态”，要点清晰——时态语态在写作中的应用
见学生用书P263
一篇文章的时态语态可以让文章要点表述清晰、语言生动、段落有条理，还可以烘托语境、创设情境，使文章的语言活起来，亮起来
1.时态一定要正确
(1)一般时态(一般现在时、一般过去时和一般将来时)
That weekend, we went to a nearby neighborhood and gave them away to the people there.
那个周末，我们去了附近的小区把它们送给那里的人们。
(2)进行时态(现在进行时、过去进行时和将来进行时)
I'm writing to tell you something about donating books to your class.
我正写信告诉你向你班赠书的情况。
(3)完成时态(现在完成时、过去完成时)
I've asked him to bring you the Chinese painting you've asked for before.
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我已请他带给你所要的油画。
2．用英语的被动语态
(1)be＋过去分词(be可使用各种时态)或get＋过去分词
The entrance to the parking place was too small and often got blocked.
通往停车场的入口太小了，经常堵车。
(2)情态动词＋be＋过去分词
Internet voting is unfair, and can't be trusted.
网络投票不公平，不能被信任。
1.网络投票现在很流行。
Internet voting is quite popular nowadays.
2．我已学了10年英语，因此我的英语很流利。
I have been learning English for ten years, so I speak fluent English.
3．应制定规则并应严格遵守这些规则。(用被动语态)
Rules should be worked out and strictly observed.
4．我可能会像以前一样被责备。
I would probably get scolded as before.
5．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)剪纸是中国的传统之一。
Paper-cutting is one of Chinese traditions.
利用恰当的时态语态，结合中文提示补全短文并背诵
(1)A very terrible rainstorm hit/struck our city (一场可怕的暴雨袭击了我们城市) last night and caused huge mudslide around West Village. In this disaster, nearly (2)ten houses were destroyed (十所房子被毁) and an office building was ruined. What's worse, (3)it has already caused one death (暴雨已造成一人死亡), leaving five persons missing.
(4)When trouble happens (当困难发生) at a place, help comes from all sides. Soldiers were sent to help out. And (5)a lot of villagers tried their best to help (许多村民努力帮助) search for the missing persons. It is said that the direct economic loss caused by this heavy rainstorm (6)adds up to more than ten million yuan (总计一千多万元). Through everyone's efforts, (7)everything went on very well/smoothly (一切进展顺利)．
第2讲 “过渡”完美，字顺意畅——过渡词在写作中的应用
见学生用书P263
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能使书面表达的整篇文章浑然一体的就是一些过渡性词语的使用。这些衔接过渡性词语在句与句之间、段与段之间起承上启下，使文章前后连贯、结构紧凑、过渡自然的作用，从而提升了表达的层次，成为增分的亮点
1.表递进关系的过渡词：what's more、furthermore、moreover、besides、what's worse、still less、to make matters worse、worse still、on (the) one hand ... on the other (hand) ...、for one thing ... for another ...等
On one hand, I can earn some money by doing it to help my parents. On the other hand, I can gain some experience from it, which will do good to my future life.
一方面，我能通过做这样的事赚些钱来帮助父母，另一方面，我能从中获得一些经验，这会对我将来的生活有益。
2．表示转折对比的过渡词：but、yet、however、while、otherwise、on the contrary等
However, when it is something beyond my competence, I turn to my classmates or teachers for help.
然而，当我做不了某事时，我会求助于我的同学或老师。
3．表特定的顺序关系的过渡词：first、firstly、second、secondly、third、thirdly、above all、first of all、then、after that、next、finally、in the end、at last、eventually等
Firstly, I collected all the books, newspapers and other things scattered in the rooms and put them in place. Then I wiped the dust off all the furniture. After that, I swept and mopped the floors.
首先，我把所有的书籍、报纸和其他的散落在屋子里的东西收集起来放好，接着我扫去所有家具上的灰尘，然后我扫地、拖地。
4．表因果关系的过渡词语：because、as、since、for、thanks to、due to、as a result of、so、therefore、so that、as a result/consequence、consequently等
Therefore, there is no reason for us to look down upon ordinary jobs.
因此，我们没有理由轻视普通的工作。
As a result, I have made great progress in my studies.
结果，我在学习上已取得了很大进步。
5．表换一种方式表达的过渡词语：in other words、that is to say、to put it another way等
That is to say, you should believe in yourself if you want to succeed.
也就是说，如果你想成功，必须相信自己。
6．表示观点的过渡性词语：in my opinion、in my view、in my point of view、as far as I am concerned、as for me、personally、I think ...等
In my opinion, they're heroes from ordinary people.
我认为他们是平民英雄。
7．表示总结的过渡性词语：in short、in brief、in conclusion、in a/one word、to sum up、all in all、on the whole、in general、generally speaking等
All in all, traveling is the best choice to recharge ourselves and get ready for the new challenges.
总的来说，旅游是充实自己、准备迎接挑战的最好的方式。
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用过渡词汇补全句子
1．Otherwise (否则) we'll have to answer for our selfishness sooner or later.
2．Swimming not only (不但) benefits our health, but also (而且) helps us have a strong will.
3．On the contrary (正相反), smart phones not only take up our valuable time, but also do great harm to our health.
4．As far as I am concerned (在我看来), only by studying hard at ordinary time can you succeed eventually.
5．Therefore (因此), I suggest we be given more time for sports and sleep.
6．In a word/In conclusion/In short/In brief (总之), we should take effective measures to protect our environment.
7．First/Firstly (首先), we'd better form the habit of keeping a diary. Second/Secondly (其次), we should read as many books as possible and make notes. Third/Thirdly (再次), we can copy a famous saying on the notebook every day.
8．I couldn't figure out the English grammer. Therefore/As a result/As a consequence/Consequently (因此), I tried to keep away from it, which led to the fact that I did poorly in English.
选用适当的过渡性词语补全短文
however, besides, meanwhile, personally, additionally, on one hand, on the other hand, as far as I'm concerned
Dear editor，
I'm writing to tell you something about the discussion on whether it is necessary for senior one students to take the one-week military training. Views vary from person to person.
Some hold that it is necessary. (1)On one hand, it can improve students' teamwork spirit, which will play an important part in their life and study. (2)On the other hand, there is no doubt that they become stronger physically and mentally through the training.
(3)However, others have opposite views. They think it is a waste of time. (4)Besides/Additionally, students get burnt easily without any protection in the sun.
(5)Personally/As far as I'm concerned, though we may feel tired during the training, it goes without saying that the one-week military training is meaningful.
Yours，
Li Hua
专题五 多彩作文 抢高分
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第1讲 循纲蹈“句”，驾驭提纲——如何写提纲作文
见学生用书P265
提纲作文主要以应用文为主，其命题形式多为文字提示、书信、通知、日记、发言稿、报道等常见的应用文体。应用文在写作时要突出重点，开门见山提出写作目的。在应用文的写作中，往往需要特定的表达方式，学生应注重积累常用的句型及习惯表达。
应用文常用句型及习惯表达：
1．书信
①I'm writing to apologize to you for ... /I'm writing to convey my apology to you for ...
(道歉信)我写信是为了……向你道歉
②I'm writing to ask whether you could do me a favour.
(求助信)我写信是想问您是否能帮助我。
③I'd like to express/convey my gratitude to you for your kindness/generosity during ...
(感谢信)我想感谢您在……期间的友好/慷慨。
④I have learned that you have some trouble in ... and I'd like to offer/give you the following suggestions.
(建议信)我知道你在……方面有困难，因此我想给你提如下建议。
⑤It's my pleasure/a great honor for me to invite you to join us.
(邀请信)非常荣幸地邀请你加入我们。
⑥I'm writing to see if it is possible for you to provide me with information regarding/concerning ...
(询问信)我写信想看看你能否提供一些关于……的具体信息。
⑦I feel delighted that you are so interested in ... (活动), so I'm writing to give you a brief introduction to it.
(活动介绍信)我很高兴你对……很感兴趣，所以我写信向你简要介绍一下。
⑧I'm writing to make a complaint about ...
(投诉信)我写信投诉……
⑨Learning from ... that you are looking for a(n) ..., I'd like to apply for the position.
(申请信)从……得知您需要一名……我想申请这个职位。
2．发言稿/日记/通知/报道
①I feel honored/privileged to have a chance here to make a speech.
我非常荣幸能有这样一个机会在此演讲。
②It's my honor/a privilege to stand here to share with you my opinion on ...
我很荣幸站在这里和大家分享我就……的一些看法。
③From this experience we have learned a lot.
通过这次经历，我们学到了很多。
④What an unforgettable experience!
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多么令人难忘的经历！
⑤All the members are expected to attend it.
所有的成员都要出席。
⑥Make sure that you attend it on time.
确保按时出席。
⑦With the rapid development/progress of ..., great changes have taken place in ...
(报道)随着……的飞速发展/进步，……已经发生了巨大变化……
(2018·济宁质检)
假如你是李华，你们学校上周举办了“校园读书节”(Campus Reading Festival)活动。请根据下面提供的信息，给你的英国笔友Mike写封邮件，介绍该活动情况，并谈谈自己的收获和感受。
Activities：
·exchange books
·attend lectures on western literature
·take part in Chinese poetry reading competition
·...
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Mike，
How is everything going? I'm writing to tell you something about the Campus Reading Festival held in our school last week.
Nearly five hundred students went to the festival, many of whom took books from home and exchanged them with other students. Almost everyone seemed to have got the books they liked. Those interested in literature attended the lecture on famous western works, after which they also had a heated discussion. The Chinese poetry reading competition attracted many students as well. All the participants performed so well that the judges found it very hard to select the winner.
I benefited a lot from it. Not only did it broaden my knowledge, but also aroused my interest in reading more books.
Yours，
Li Hua
第2讲 “开放”自如，句句精彩——(半)开放式作文的写作
见学生用书P266
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高考英语写作命题更趋向于(半)开放类。这种写作题型要求考生在给出的特定情景下按特定的要求，开放地发表评论、抒发情感，2016年全国卷Ⅱ高考作文是半开放作文。
建议考生在写作时从以下4个方面入手：
1．虚拟目标，有的放矢
首先，虚拟读者对象，以便具体地告诉读者某话题；然后，列出要点，写出提纲，从而变抽象为具体，使开放作文成为限制作文。
2．理解题意，联系生活
开放作文的形式可分为图画式或命题式。对于图画式开放作文，考生必须首先准确描述画面的内容；其次，对图画的寓意进行深层解读；最后，结合生活实际进行联想，发表自己的看法，或给人们提出警示或建议。对于命题式开放作文，首先必须准确理解题目意思，抓住标题中的关键词；其次，结合生活实际组织材料。
3．确立主题，列出提纲
一审题，二定文章的主题、结构，三列出要点和提纲，四定文章的人称、时态、体裁。
4．根据体裁快速写作
不同的体裁写作方法和思路也不一样。考生要运用平时所掌握的文体特点，结合提纲，将文章要点组织起来，以便迅速写作。
(2016·四川卷)
某中学生英文报正举办“The Season I Like Best”的征文活动。请用英文写一篇短文投稿，内容包括：
1. 你最喜欢的季节；
2. 你喜欢该季节的两条理由(如：气候、景色、活动、感受……)。
注意：1. 词数100左右；
2. 题目已为你写好；
3. 行文连贯，语篇完整；
4. 文中不得透露个人真实信息。
The Season I Like Best
When it comes to the season I like best, spring will always occur to me in no time.
There are many reasons why I like spring best, the most romantic one of which is that it is comfortable for me to walk in the rain in spring. What's more, after a long cold winter, everything begins to come to life. So whenever there is a chance for me to go to the countryside, where there is beautiful scenery, I will never hesitate to pack my bags and leave for the land.
In a word, I like everything in spring, especially the feelings bathed in the rain and sunshine.
第3讲 依“图”论事，文采卓然——图表/图画式作文的写作
见学生用书P266
图表/图画作文所提供的材料是图表或图画，附带少量文字提示或说明，所写内容要求有议论文、日记、故事、通知等。根据体裁的不同，图表式/图画式作文可分为记叙文、议论文和说明文。
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1．3个注意点
①该类作文的写作一般分四步：一审，二列，三连，四改。即看清图画内容及表达的含义，再根据要点逐一翻译，然后把翻译的句子适当增加细节加以串联，最后修改，检查即可。
②写好图画作文的关键：弄清图画含义；在保证一条主线的前提下，用恰当的词把独立的几幅图画串起来；如果是独立的一幅图，要把握好发挥的度。
③看图议论文通常采用三段式的结构，即第一段描述图画内容及图画所反映的问题；第二段分析问题或现象产生的原因；第三段从自己的观点出发，谈一下解决问题的措施。
2．图表/图画式作文常用句型
①As is shown in the picture, we can see clearly that ...
正如图中所示，我们能清楚地看到……
②Looking at the picture, I can't help thinking of the more and more serious phenomenon of ...
看着这幅图片，我不禁想到越来越严重的……现象。
③The bar chart illustrates that ...
该柱状图显示了……
④The data/statistics/figures lead us to the conclusion that ...
这些数据资料令我们得出结论……
⑤The picture has revealed a social phenomenon which is widespread now.
这幅图画揭示了一个现在普遍的现象。
⑥Such an image draws our attention to the fact that ...
这样一种形象吸引我们注意到这样的现实……
(2018·北京海淀区模拟改编)
假设你是高三学生李华。请根据下面四幅图的先后顺序，写一篇英文短文，记录上周六你回到母校红星小学参加“校友日”的全过程。
注意：词数不少于100。
提示词：校友日Homecoming Day
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Saturdayfine
Today, I had the pleasure of attending the Homecoming Day of my former school, Hongxing Primary School.
Early in the morning, following some other former schoolchildren of different ages, I arrived at the school. There stood several pupils welcoming us. We first went around the campus and then visited the school museum to admire all the pleasant changes in recent years. Afterwards, several representatives, including me, had a tea party with some teachers and pupils, talking about our old days and their school life today.
Unknowingly, several hours passed. Before leaving, all the former pupils were invited to leave a message on a wall. I wrote slowly and seriously that I was very grateful to my school for her giving me a happy and brilliant childhood.
What a great Saturday!
附录 当高考遇上传统文化……
见学生用书P268
高考书面表达融入优秀中华传统文化元素，因此如想提高高考成绩，你还应该熟悉以下内容。
一、熟记68个重要词汇
传统文化
1．春节：the Spring Festival
2．元宵节：the Lantern Festival
3．重阳节：the Double-Ninth Festival/the Chongyang Festival
4．清明节：Tomb Sweeping Day/the Qingming Festival
5．中秋节：the Mid-Autumn Festival
6．除夕：Chinese New Year's Eve/Eve of the Spring Festival
7．端午节：the Dragon Boat Festival/the Duanwu Festival
8．国庆节：National Day
9．泼水节：Water-Splashing Day
优秀的文化
1．丝绸之路：the Silk Road
2．刺绣：embroidery
3．剪纸：paper-cutting
4．风筝：kite
5．书法： calligraphy
6．对联：(the Spring Festival) couplets
7．儒家文化：Confucian culture
8．中国结：Chinese knot
9. 二十四节气：the 24 Solar Terms
10．农历：lunar calendar
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11．文房四宝(笔墨纸砚): The Four Treasures of the Study (Brush, Ink stick, Paper, and Inkstone)
12．针灸：acupuncture
13．中药：Chinese traditional medicine
14．拔罐：cupping therapy
15．象形文字：pictograms/pictographic Characters
16．唐三彩：Tri-color Pottery of the Tang Dynasty/the Tang Tri-colored pottery
17．孟子：Mencius
18．火 药：gunpowder
19．指南针：Compass
20．甲骨文：Oracle Bone Inscriptions
21．旗袍：Cheongsam
22. 中庸：The Way of Medium
23．云锦：Nanjing brocade
24．年画：New Year painting
饮食文化
1．饺子：dumpling/jiaozi
2．元宵：tangyuan/sweet rice dumpling
3．火锅：hot pot
4．春卷：spring roll(s)
5．盐水鸭：salted duck
6．北京烤鸭：Beijing roast duck
7．馄饨：wonton
8．八宝饭：eight-treasure rice pudding
文学与艺术
1．《诗经》：Book of Poetry
2．《史记》：Historical Records/Records of the Grand Historian
3．《红楼梦》：A Dream in Red Mansions
4．《西游记》：Journey to the West
5．京剧：Beijing Opera/Peking Opera
6．黄梅戏：Huangmei Opera
7．秦腔：Qin Opera
8．昆曲：Kunqu Opera
9．越剧：Yue Opera
10．相声：Cross-talk
11．太极拳：Tai Chi
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12．武术：Wushu/Chinese Martial Arts
13．谜语：riddle
14．古筝：Chinese Zither
15．二胡：urheen
16．《本草纲目》： Compendium of Materia Medica
17．红双喜：double happiness
18．宣纸：rice paper
文化底蕴深厚的景点
1．故宫博物院：The Palace Museum
2．天坛：Altar of Heaven in Beijing
3．长城：the Great Wall
4．敦煌莫高窟：Mogao Caves
5．兵马俑：Cotta Warriors/Terracotta Army
6．夫子庙：the Confucian Temple
7．中山陵：the Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum
8．秦淮河：Qinhuai River
9．四合院：siheyuan/quadrangle
10．江南：South Regions of the Yangtze River
二、了解6种中国文化瑰宝
1．Chinese Knot (中国结)
Chinese knot is a decorative handicraft art that began as a form of Chinese folk art, symbolizing good luck and prosperity. One major characteristic of Chinese knots is that all the knots are tied using one thread. They can come in a variety of colours such as gold, green, blue or black, though the most commonly used colour is red. There are many different shapes of Chinese knots, such as butterflies, flowers, birds, fish and so on.
中国结是一种装饰性的手工艺品，是一种中国民间艺术形式，象征着好运和繁荣。中国结最明显的一个特征就是从头到尾都是用一根线编结而成。材料可以是各种颜色的线，诸如金色、绿色、蓝色或黑色，但大都用红色编制。中国结形态各异，例如蝴蝶、花、鸟、鱼等。
2．New Year Painting (年画)
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Chinese New Year painting is a traditional handicraft lasting for thousands of years. Chinese New Year painting features simplified lines, bright colours, and various subjects. There are pictures about mythology, historical stories, etc. It often impresses people with a lively atmosphere, conveying the Chinese people's great expectation for happiness and prosperity.
中国年画是历史悠久的中国传统民间工艺品。年画线条简洁，色彩明快，题材多样，包括神话、历史故事等。年画常常给人一种轻松愉快的气氛，表达了中国人民对幸福和繁荣的向往。
3.Paper-cutting (剪纸)
The art of paper-cutting, originated in China, has a long history and it is one of the most important forms of Chinese folk art. It was listed in the UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Lists in 2009. Usually, the artworks are made of red paper and often used to decorate doors and windows. Normally paper-cutting artworks are used on festivals like the Spring Festival and weddings. Paper-cutting always symbolizes luck and happiness.
起源于中国的剪纸，历史悠久，是中国最重要的民间艺术之一。2009年中国剪纸被列入“人类非物质文化遗产名录”。剪纸通常用红纸且常用来装饰门、窗，用于春节、新婚等日子，象征着好运和幸福。
4．Kite (风筝)
Kites were invented in China, whose history can date back to the Spring and Autumn Period (770 BC - 476 BC) and the Warring States Period (475 BC-221 BC). The shapes of kites often imitate flying insects, birds and other animals. Kites have been used for military purposes in the past, such as sending messages. But later kite-flying has been an important outdoor activity which enjoys great popularity.
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风筝由中国人发明，历史可追溯到春秋战国时期。风筝的形状常常模仿飞虫、鸟及其他动物。风筝过去被用于军事目的，比如传递信息。但是后来放风筝成为一种重要的深受人们喜爱的户外活动。
5．Shadow Play (皮影戏)
Shadow play is a kind of folk play which uses character silhouettes that made of hide or cardboard to tell stories. When acting, the artists stand behind the white curtain. Artists control opera characters, while the local popular tunes are sung above the story with percussion and the strings. It is widely circulated in the folk and has various genres. It is said that Chinese shadow play is the earliest form of film and is the basis of the original film.
皮影戏是一种用兽皮或纸板做成的人物剪影来表演故事的民间戏剧。表演时，艺术家们站在白色幕布后面，一边操纵皮影，一边用当地流行的曲调讲述故事，同时配以打击乐器和弦乐器。皮影戏在民间广为流传并有众多的体裁。据说中国的皮影戏是电影最早的雏形，同时也是最初的电影的基础。
6．Puppet Show (木偶戏)
As a form of folk art, Chinese puppet show has a long history and great local cultural characteristics. It was included in National Intangible Cultural Heritage Lists in 2006. It has various forms, such as string puppet and rod puppet etc.
中国木偶戏作为一种民间艺术，拥有悠久的历史和丰富的地方特色。2006年，木偶戏被列入国家级非物质文化遗产名录。木偶戏有多种形式，诸如提线木偶、杖头木偶等。
三、熟知7个传统节日
1．the Laba Festival (腊八节)
The Laba Festival falls on the eighth day of the twelfth month in the lunar calendar. It's a custom on this day to eat Laba porridge, usually stewed of at least eight ingredients. With rice as the main ingredient, this porridge may well contain ingredients like broad beans, red beans, mung beans, red dates, peanuts, chest nuts, both tasty and nutritious.
Apart from the porridge, there are also traditions of making Laba garlic in North China. The most important
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of Laba is that it marks the beginning of preparing for the Spring Festival. Laba is here, and the Spring Festival is at the corner.
农历腊月初八是腊八节。在这天，中国人有喝腊八粥的习俗。一般腊八粥由至少八种材料熬制而成， 其中大米是主要材料，还有蚕豆、红豆、绿豆、红枣、花生、栗子等，又好吃又有营养。除了腊八粥之外，在中国北方还有腌腊八蒜的风俗。人们从腊八开始为春节做准备。腊八已经到了，春节还会远吗？
特色词汇
①除尘 sweep the dust
②扫房 spring cleaning
2．the Spring Festival (春节)
The Spring Festival is the most important festival for Chinese.
During every spring Festival all the family members get together to celebrate the Chinese Lunar New Year. On the eve of the day, we often sit around the table to have a big dinner, and jiaozi is the most traditional food. In many places, people like to set off firecrackers and put up spring couplets on the door. Children like the festival very much, because they will receive lucky money for good fortune.
The Spring Festival is also a time Chinese look forward to all year around, because it is the happiest time, when we can enjoy the pure bliss of family reunion.
春节是中国人最重要的节日。春节期间全家人团圆庆祝农历新年。除夕夜，人们围坐在一起吃大餐，饺子是最传统的食物。在很多地方，人们放鞭炮，贴春联。孩子们最喜欢春节，因为他们能收到带来好运的压岁钱。春节同样是中国人全年期盼的日子，因为这是一年中最快乐的时候，合家团圆幸福快乐。
特色词汇
①放烟花 set off fireworks
②贴春联 put up/paste spring couplets
③剪纸/福/年画paper-cutting/Fu/ New Year painting
④压岁钱/红包 lucky money/red envelop
3．the Mid-Autumn Festival (中秋节)
Falling on the 15th day of the 8th month according to the Chinese lunar calendar, the Mid-autumn Festival is the second important festival in China after the Spring Festival. The day is when the moon is at its roundest and brightest. On the festival day, family members gather to appreciate the bright full moon and
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eat moon cakes.
农历八月十五是中秋节，是仅次于春节的第二重要的中国传统节日。这一天是一年中月亮最大最圆的时候。中秋时全家团聚，一同赏月、吃月饼。
特色词汇
①合家团圆 family reunion
②赏月admire/appreciate the moon
③风味 flavor
④皎洁的月光 bright and clean moonlight
4．the Dragon Boat Festival/ Duanwu Festival (端午节)
The Dragon Boat Festival, also called the Duanwu Festival, falls on the 5th day of the 5th lunar month. It is a traditional holiday observed annually over 2,000 years in China in memory of Qu Yuan, an ancient Chinese patriotic poet. Dragon boat racing and eating Zongzi are the major customs of the festival. In some regions in China, people also wear a perfume pouch, tie five-color silk thread，hang mugwort leaves on their doors and drink realgar wine.
农历五月初五是龙舟节又叫端午节，它是中国传统节日，为了纪念中国古代的爱国诗人屈原，已有两千多年的历史。赛龙舟和吃粽子是这个节日的主要风俗。在中国某些地方，人们还有戴香袋，系五色丝带、在门上悬挂艾叶、喝雄黄酒的风俗。
特色词汇
①怯病 ward off disease
②雄黄酒 realgar wine
5．the Qingming Festival /Tomb Sweeping Day (清明节)
The Tomb Sweeping Day is a traditional festival of China, and is also the most important sacrifice festival. On that day, people worship ancestors and clean the tombs. It is one of the 24 Solar Terms, which means that it's good time for spring ploughing. The Tomb Sweeping Day falls around April fifth, and it's during the spring, so it is also called “hiking day”. People go to the suburbs for an outing in spring. People also love to fly kites during the festival.
清明节是我国传统节日，也是最重要的祭祀节日，是祭祖和扫墓的日子。清明节是二十四节气之一，预示着春耕的好时节已经到了。清明节又叫踏青节，因为一般在四月五日
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左右，正值春天，人们喜欢郊游踏青，还喜欢在清明节放风筝。
特色词汇
①祭祖 offer sacrifice to ancestors
②扫墓 sweep the tomb
6．the Double Ninth Festival/Chong Yang Festival (重阳节)
The Chong Yang Festival falls on the ninth day of the ninth lunar month. Since nine is the largest single number, it is viewed as Senior Citizens' Day. Activities on this day include climbing mountains and admiring chrysanthemum flowers. The Double Ninth Festival is also a time for family get-togethers. It is an occasion to show their love and concern for the elders and parents.
农历的九月初九，是重阳节。因为九是最大的单数，这个节日也被看作是老人节。这一天人们常登山或赏菊花。重阳节也是家人团聚的日子，一个向老人和父母表达爱和关心的日子。
特色词汇
①登高 climb mountains
②赏菊花 enjoy/admire/appreciate chrysanthemum flowers
③老人 senior citizens /the elders
7．the Lantern Festival (元宵节)
The Lantern Festival is observed on the fifteenth day of the first lunar month, which also marks the end of the celebrations of the Chinese New Year. Traditionally, people eat sweet dumplings made of glutinous rice flour. Though customs vary from areas to areas in China, traditional activities include enjoying the display of various lanterns and guessing lantern riddles, as well as dragon and lion dances.
农历正月十五是元宵节(又称上元节)，它标志着中国春节的结束。这一天人们通常会吃由糯米做成的元宵。元宵节在中国各地的风俗不尽相同，但元宵节主要的传统活动包括赏花灯、猜灯谜和看舞龙舞狮表演。
特色词汇
①家庭团聚 family togetherness
②扭秧歌 do the yangko
③踩高跷 walk on stilts
④焰火晚会fireworks party
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