2020版高考英语一轮基础达标选题 Unit 2 Working the land（含解析）新人教版必修4 9页

Unit 2 Working the land 李仕才 一、阅读理解 In the dead of winter，we don’t typically think about spending time outdoors，but according to many physicians we should.The sun is our greatest source of a vitamin that is essential for good health—Vitamin D．‎ This important vitamin strengthens bones and teeth and is linked to the prevention of heart disease，cancer and many other lifethreatening diseases.The recommended daily requirement is 400－600 International Units (IU). In summer, people with dark brown eyes and darker skin turn sunlight from just 15 minutes outside without sunscreen into adequate amounts of Vitamin D．‎ Even during winter, just a 10minute walk at midday can keep the body’s Vitamin D at healthy levels.During brief winter walks，we receive the greatest benefits when we wear no sunscreen and expose as much skin to the sun as possible.‎ Vitamin D can be also obtained from foods.Salmon is one of the best sources of the Vitamin.Egg yolks(蛋黄)，cheese，mushrooms and some animal organs contain smaller quantities of it.‎ To attract consumers，food companies add Vitamin D to some of their milk products.The practice of putting the Vitamin into milk began in the 1930s.At that time，many children were suffering from rickets，an illness that is caused by a deficiency(缺乏)of Vitamin D．It made the children’s bones soft and weak.Adding Vitamin D to milk helped to solve the problem, and it has been available ever since.‎ For people who still need more Vitamin D, there is another option；Take Vitamin D supplements(补充物)．These products are widely sold in stores.However，anyone considering taking supplements should consult a physician first.‎ ‎【解题导语】　本文是一篇科普文，主要介绍了维生素D的一些情况。‎ ‎1．During the winter months，people___________ ．‎ A．aren’t able to meet their deadlines 9‎ B．often don’t dress warmly enough C．generally like to remain indoors D．leave lots of work for others to do ‎ C　解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“In the dead of winter，we don’t typically think about spending time outdoors，but according to many physicians we should.”可知，在冬天人们愿意待在室内。‎ ‎2．According to the text，Vitamin D___________ ．‎ A．can be obtained by being exposed to the sun ‎ B．can be used to cure lifethreatening diseases C．can be mainly found in some milk products D．can make the children’s bones soft and weak A　解析：细节理解题。根据第一段第二句以及第三段第一句可知，维生素D可以通过晒太阳获得，故选A。‎ ‎3．Why is salmon mentioned in this article?‎ A．It’s seldom prepared in the correct way.‎ B．It’s a useful addition to a person’s diet.‎ C．It has a huge impact on the environment.‎ D．Its advantages have been exaggerated.‎ B　解析：推理判断题。根据第四段可知，三文鱼是补充维生素D的食物，因此对我们的饮食是有用的补充物，故选B。‎ ‎4．The main purpose of this article is ___________ ．‎ A．to introduce a valuable nutrient ‎ B．to advertise Vitamin D supplements C．to note risks associated with a nutrient D．to explain how a nutrient was discovered A　解析：写作意图题。根据全文可知，本文主要介绍一种营养成分——维生素D。‎ 二、单句语法填空 ‎1．(2017·江苏高考)________(determine) where we are in relation to our surroundings remains an essential skill for our survival.‎ 答案：Determining　分析句子结构可知，应用动名词短语作主语，即本句中Determining where we are in relation to our surroundings作主语，remains是谓语动词。‎ ‎2．The ________(produce) of coffee beans is a huge, profitable business.‎ 9‎ 答案：production　由设空前的“the”和后面的“of”可知，应填所给词的名词形式。production “生产；制造”。‎ ‎3．Nowadays, children have more ________(free); they can do whatever they like.‎ 答案：freedom　freedom 名词“自由”，在本句中作宾语。‎ ‎4．Cats can help rid the home ________mice.‎ 答案：of　rid ... of “使摆脱或除去……”。‎ ‎5．A heavy fire reduced 90 percent of the houses ________ashes.‎ 答案：to　reduce ... to ... “使……沦为……”。‎ ‎6．I bitterly ________(regret) that I had missed the wonderful film.‎ 答案：regretted　所填词由bitterly(副词)修饰，且由从句中had missed可知，此处用动词的一般过去时。‎ ‎7．It is ________(disturb) to think about so much work to do.‎ 答案：disturbing　disturbing “令人不安的”，在句中作表语。‎ ‎8．The discovery of new evidence led to the thief's ________(catch)．‎ 答案：being caught　本句中，lead to后接名词或动名词(短语)，且the thief和catch存在被动关系，故填being caught，即动名词的被动结构，作lead to的宾语。‎ ‎9．I am not ________(satisfy) with the way he cut my hair.‎ 答案：satisfied　be satisfied with ... 为固定短语，意为“对……感到满意”。‎ ‎10．Though he is young, he is struggling ________(support) a large family.‎ 答案：to support　struggle to do sth. “努力做某事”。‎ 三、完形填空 When you give thanks for help，everyone benefits.And the __1__ will last longer than you'd expect：researchers have found that writing thankyou notes raises people's __2__ levels for up to six months.‎ ‎“If you express gratitude in a diary，it makes you happier，but if you __3__ it with the person who helped you，it has the __4__ to bring you two closer together，”says researcher Jeff Tsang.‎ Lawyer John Kralik experienced this personally.He'd been feeling depressed and __5__ about his life：He'd been divorced and wasn't __6__ with his children.He felt tired from the __7__ hours he devoted to work.At a/an __8__ low point，he remembered his grandfather telling him about the importance of __9__.He decided to write 365 thankyou notes over 365 days，hoping for a/an __10__ change.‎ Immediately，he noticed his __11__ begin to improve.“The first effects are that 9‎ ‎ you realise that your life is much better than you thought and you become more positive，”Kralik says of his __12__ acts of expressing thanks.‎ ‎__13__ by Kralik's experience，I decided to try the __14__ myself.I chose someone from my past whom I'd __15__ thanked before：my wonderful highschool English teacher.I wasn't sure if I'd be able to __16__ him，but eventually I found where he lived.‎ In my letter，I thanked him for the __17__ and support that he'd given me years earlier.I may never hear from him __18__，but that isn't the __19__.The letter helped me __20__ my life，and I've been happy now for months.‎ ‎1．A.time　　　　　　B．thoughts C．effects D．relationship ‎2．A.education B．happiness C．income D．health ‎3．A.share B．complete C．compare D．leave ‎4．A.method B．desire C．energy D．potential ‎5．A.discouraged B．dishonest C．impatient D．surprised ‎6．A.bored B．strict C．close D．honest ‎7．A.limited B．valuable C．delightful D．long ‎8．A.importantly B．particularly C．physically D．exactly ‎9．A.forgiveness B．achievement C．gratefulness D．patience ‎10．A.positive B．unexpected C．possible D．instant ‎11．A.wealth B．attitude C．position D．competence ‎12．A.generous B．strange C．brave D．simple ‎13．A.Struck B．Inspired 9‎ C．Shocked D．Invited ‎14．A.idea B．belief C．letter D．test ‎15．A.nearly B．frequently C．already D．never ‎16．A.remember B．recognise C．locate D．reward ‎17．A.degree B．money C．gift D．guidance ‎18．A.in advance B．in public C．in return D．in person ‎19．A.case B．point C．fact D．solution ‎20．A.appreciate B．understand C．face D．review ‎【解题导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者通过亲身经历告诉我们这样一个道理：当你对别人表达出感谢之情时，你会变得更快乐。‎ ‎1．C　考查名词辨折。根据“benefits”并结合第一段可知，此处指感谢别人对自己的影响要比你预想的长久。C项意为“效果，影响”，符合语境。A项意为“时间”；B项意为“想法”；D项意为“关系”，均与语境不符。故答案选C。‎ ‎2．B　考查名词辨析。根据语境可知，此处指写感谢信可以提高人们的幸福水平。B项意为“幸福”，符合语境。A项意为“教育”；C项意为“收入”；D项意为“健康”，均与语境不符。故答案选B。‎ ‎3．A　考查动词辨析。根据此句中的“bring you two closer together”可知，此处指与帮助你的人分享这件事。share sth.with sb.意为“与某人分享某物”，符合语境。B项意为“完成，实现”；C项意为“比较”；D项意为“离开”，均与语境不符。故答案选A。‎ ‎4．D　考查名词辨析。根据语境可知，此处指如果你与帮助你的人一起分享感激之情，这就有可能将你们两人之间的距离拉近。D项意为“可能性，潜能”，符合语境。A项意为“方法”；B项意为“欲望”；C项意为“精力”，均与语境不符。故答案选D。‎ ‎5．A　考查形容词辨折。根据该句中的“feeling depressed”可知，此处应用“discouraged”与“depressed”并列，指他对生活感到沮丧。 A项意为“泄气的”，符合语境。B项意为“不诚实的”；C项意为“没有耐心的”；D项意为“感到惊讶的”，均与语境不符。故答案选A。‎ ‎6．C　考查形容词辨析。根据本句中的“He'd been 9‎ ‎ divorced”可知，他已经离婚了，并且与孩子也不亲近。C项意为“亲近的，亲密的”，符合语境。A项意为“无聊的”；B项意为“严格的”；D项意为“诚实的”，均与语境不符。故答案选C。‎ ‎7．D　考查形容词辨析。根据“felt tired from”可推知，此处指因为长时间的工作，所以他感到疲劳。D项意为“长的”，符合语境。A项意为“有限的”；B项意为“有价值的”；C项意为“高兴的”，均与语境不符。故答案选D。‎ ‎8．B　考查副词辨析。根据语境可知，他离婚了，和孩子也不亲近，而且工作辛苦，所以这是他人生的低谷。B项意为“尤其，特别”，符合语境。A项意为“重要地”；C项意为“身体上”；D项意为“恰恰，正好”，均与语境不符。故答案选B。‎ ‎9．C　考查名词辨析。根据下文中的“He decided to write 365 thankyou notes”可知，此处指他记起祖父告诉过他感激的重要性。C项意为“感激”，符合语境。A项意为“原谅”；B项意为“成就”；D项意为“耐心”，均与语境不符。故答案选C。‎ ‎10．A　考查形容词辨析。根据下一段第二句中的“you become more positive”可知，此处指他希望通过这种方式获得一个积极的改变。A项意为“积极的”，符合语境。B项意为“出人意料的”；C项意为“可能的”；D项意为“立即的”，均与语境不符。故答案选A。‎ ‎11．B　考查名词辨析。根据语境可知，这位律师正处于人生的低谷时期，然后通过写感谢信使得他的态度开始改善。B项意为“态度”，符合语境。A项意为“财富”；C项意为“位置”；D项意为“能力”，均与语境不符。故答案选B。‎ ‎12．D　考查形容词辨析。根据空格后的“expressing thanks”可知，写感谢信只是表达感谢的一个简单的行为。D项意为“简单的”，符合语境。A项意为“慷慨的”；B项意为“奇怪的”；C项意为“勇敢的”，均与语境不符。故答案选D。‎ ‎13．B　考查动词辨析。根据下文可知，“我”也决定写感谢信了。由此推断出，“我”是受了Kralik的经历的鼓舞。B项意为“鼓舞，激励”，符合语境。故答案选B。‎ ‎14．A　考查名词辨析。根据语境可知，“我”决定亲自试试这个想法。A项意为“想法，主意”，符合语境。B项意为“信念”；C项意为“信”；D项意为“测试”，均与语境不符。故答案选A。‎ ‎15．D　考查副词辨析。根据语境可知，“我”不知道这位高中英语老师的地址，所以他是“我”以前从未感谢过的人。D项意为“从未”，符合语境。A项意为“几乎”；B项意为“经常”；C项意为“已经”，均与语境不符。故答案选D。‎ ‎16．C　考查动词辨析。根据“but eventually I found where he lived”可知，此处指“我”不知道是否能够找到他。C项意为“找出……的准确位置”，符合语境。A项意为“记得”；B项意为“认出”；D项意为“奖励，奖赏”，均与语境不符。故答案选C。‎ ‎17．D　考查名词辨析。根据语境可知，“我”感谢的对象是“我”的一位高中英语老师，所以“我”应是感谢他给予“我”的指导和帮助。D项意为“指导”，符合语境。A项意为“程度，等级”；B项意为“金钱”；C项意为“礼物”，均与语境不符。故答案选D。‎ 9‎ ‎18．C　考查介词短语辨析。根据常识可知，“我”写感谢信给多年前的老师，而老师不一定会回信给“我”。C项意为“作出回应”，符合语境。A项意为“提前”；B项意为“公开地”；D项意为“亲自”，均与语境不符。故答案选C。‎ ‎19．B　考查名词辨析。根据下文中的“I've been happy now for months”可知，“我”快乐了几个月，所以此处指老师是否回信不是重点。B项意为“重点，要点”，符合语境。A项意为“事例”；C项意为“事实”；D项意为“解决方法”，均与语境不符。故答案选B。‎ ‎20．A　考查动词辨析。联系全文的内容可知，文章主要是关于表达出感谢可以给自己带来快乐，所以此处指这封感谢信帮助“我”感激“我”的生活，“我”为此快乐了几个月。A项意为“感激”，符合语境。B项意为“理解”；C项意为“面对”；D项意为“回顾”，均与语境不符。故答案选A。‎ 四、单句改错 ‎1．They focused all their attention to finding a solution to the problem.‎ ‎_____________________________________________________‎ 答案：第一个to→on　focus one's attention on (doing) sth.“集中精力(做)某事”。‎ ‎2．They equipped with two sharp axes and set off for the forest.‎ ‎_____________________________________________________‎ 答案：They后加were或equipped后加themselves　be equipped with和equip oneself with ... “配备有……”。‎ ‎3．Some people say that Chinese tend to be satisfying with what they have.‎ ‎_____________________________________________________‎ 答案：satisfying→satisfied　be satisfied with “对……感到满意”，主语通常为人。‎ ‎4．Thanks for the success of the business, we can afford a holiday this year.‎ ‎_____________________________________________________‎ 答案：for→to　thanks to “多亏了；由于”。‎ ‎5．She would rather to buy her clothes through the Internet than in the supermarket.‎ ‎_____________________________________________________‎ 答案：去掉to　would rather do A than do B “比起做B更愿意做A”。‎ 五、短文改错 My favorite sport is playing basketball.In the middle school，I joined in the 9‎ ‎ basketball team.All the teammate practised hard after school.Once our team had match against another school's.At the very beginning，we were so nervous which we couldn't cooperate very good.Because this was the first time for us to compete with the school honor.In the half match they fell behind.Our team leader calls us together and said that we must get uniting in order to beat them.Then we tried our best and won the game at last.Play basketball makes me realize the importance of union and teamwork.‎ ‎【答案】‎ My favorite sport is playing basketball.In the middle school，I joined ‎ ‎ the basketball team.All the practised hard after school.Once our team had match against another school's.At the very beginning，we were so nervous we couldn't cooperate very .Because this was the first time for us to compete the school honor.In the half match fell behind.Our team leader us together and said that we must get in order to beat them.Then we tried our best and won the game at last. basketball makes me realize the importance of union and teamwork.‎ 第一处：删除in。考查固定搭配。join后接某个组织，表示加入该组织，此时join为及物动词；join in通常指参加某项活动。由该句中的team可知，该处用join。‎ 第二处：teammate改为teammates。考查名词的复数。根据该句中的All可知，该处的可数名词teammate应当用复数形式。‎ 第三处：had后加a。考查不定冠词。有一次我们的篮球队和另外一个学校的篮球队进行了一场比赛。该处泛指“一场比赛”，故用不定冠词a。‎ 第四处：which改为that。考查固定句型。分析该句结构可知，该句使用了固定句型“so...that...”，表示“如此……以至于……”。‎ 第五处：good改为well。考查副词。cooperate为动词，修饰该动词应当用副词，故用副词well。‎ 第六处：with改为for。考查介词。compete for sth.为固定搭配，意为“为……竞争”，该处指“为学校的荣誉而战”，故用介词for。‎ 第七处：they改为we。考查人称代词。根据语境可知，此处陈述的是我们参加篮球赛的过程，故用人称代词we。‎ 9‎ 第八处：calls改为called。考查动词的时态。根据该句中的“said”，并结合语境可知，该处陈述的是过去发生的事情，故用一般过去时。‎ 第九处：uniting改为united。get在此为连系动词，表示“变得，达到”，后跟形容词united，get united意为“团结起来”。‎ 第十处：Play改为Playing。考查动名词。由动词makes可知，该处应用动名词短语作主语，故用Playing。‎ 9‎