2019高考英语一轮复习练习题Unit1Alandofdiversity含解析新人教版选修8201809221109 8页

A land of diversity 李仕才 一、阅读理解 Vinegar makes salad, fries and dumplings taste better, and you can even use it to clean your windows. And now, according to scientists, it may even the planet’s population survive climate change.‎ Researchers from the RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science (CSRS) in Japan found that growing plants in vinegar makes them more resistant to droughts. This could mean that in the future, worries about climate change affecting the world’s supply of food will be much lower. The discovery was made after the researchers studied the Arabidopsis, a plant known for its ability to survive in dry weather. It was found that when the plant was placed in drought-like conditions, it produced a chemical called acetate（醋酸盐）—the main component of vinegar.‎ After discovering this, the scientists experimented further by adding acetate to the soil of other plants, before they stopped giving them water completely. After leaving the plants for 14 days, they found that the ones treated with acetate had survived, while the untreated plants had dried up and died.‎ It’s hoped that this simple method of survival could soon be used to help farmers in dry countries keep their crops alive. "In the experiment, we targeted the staple foods of the world—rice, wheat and maize—and the basic plant of breeding species, rapeseed（油菜籽）," Jong Myong Kim, co-author of the study, told Popular Science magazine.‎ Kim also told the magazine he’s already been in touch with people all over the world who are interested in trying this simple and cost-effective method out for themselves from flower growing companies to amateur gardeners. Although at this point keeping thirsty plants alive isn’t as easy as just pouring vinegar over them, Kim said he and his team are working on making the process as simple as possible. "Now we are trying to cooperate with some farmers, and also some companies, to make a method to apply this system, "he said. And for those of us who always forget to ask our neighbors to water our plants when we go away, hopefully this means the end of returning ‎ home from a trip to find our favorite flowers have died.‎ ‎1.What is the article mainly about? ‎ A. The world’s food supply will be increased. ‎ B. Plants better survive droughts.‎ C. The Arabidopsis is resistant to droughts. ‎ D. Vinegar could be used to fight droughts.‎ ‎2.It was discovered that acetate can .‎ A. be used by farmers to replace soil B. only be produced by the Arabidopsis C. help plants survive dry conditions D. be used to improve poor soil ‎3.What are the target plants of the experiment?‎ A. all breeding species. B. wheat and Arabidopisis.‎ C. rice and maize. D. rapeseed and Arabidopisis.‎ ‎4.Jong Myong Kim’s experiment of trying out the method .‎ A. can make people’s trips pleasant B. turned out a worldwide success C. is as simple as pouring vinegar over the plants D. appeals to many flower growing companies ‎【文章大意】 本文属于科普类文章。醋不仅使食物味道更好，还可以用它来清洁你的窗户。研究发现醋中生长的植物，使它们更耐干旱。‎ ‎1.D 【解析】主旨大意题。通读全文可知本文主要讲述了醋能让植物在干旱的环境中生存，即能抗击干旱，故选D。‎ ‎3.C 【解析】细节理解题。根据第四段中的“In the experiment, we targeted the staple foods of the world—rice, wheat and maize—and the basic plant of breeding species, rapeseed,”可知在实验中，主要针对大米，小麦和玉米等。故选C。‎ ‎4.D 【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段中的第一句“Kim…he’s already been in touch with people all over the world who are interested in trying this simple and cost-effective method out for themselves from flower growing companies to amateur gardeners”分析本句可知Kim已与对此感兴趣的花卉种植公司联系，也就是吸引这些公司。故选D。‎ 二、教材与语法填空 根据教材课文内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ Exactly when the first people arrived in what we now know as California, no one really knows. However, it is 1.___________ (like) that Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago.‎ Scientists believe that these first 2.___________ (settler) crossed the Bering Strait in the Arctic to America by 3.___________ (mean) of a land bridge which existed in prehistoric times. In the 16th century, after the 4.___________ (arrive) of Europeans, the native people suffered greatly.‎ Thousands were killed or forced into slavery. 5.___________ addition, many died from the diseases brought by Europeans. However, some survived these terrible times, and today there are more Native Americans 6.___________ (live) in California than in any other state.‎ In the 18th century, California 7.___________ (rule) by Spain. Spanish soldiers first arrived in South America in the early 16th century, when they fought against the native people and took their land.‎ Two centuries 8.___________ (late), the Spanish had settled in most parts of South America and along the northwest coast of what we now call the United States. Of 9.___________ first Spanish to go to California, the majority were religious men, 10.___________ ministry was to teach the Catholic religion to the natives.‎ 答案：1.likely　2.settlers　3.means　4.arrival　5.In ‎6．living　7.was ruled　8.later　9.the　10.whose 三、完形填空 My daughter(now 18)was born with a hemangioma tumor(血管瘤)by her eye.At first it was small, and hardly __1__.After five months，it became the __2__ of a coin.__3__ I took her out，people could not __4__ their comments to themselves.“Who hit her？”，“Is that a bug bite？” I never could think of a(n) __5__ response for these people.I was __6__ to be kind and understanding，and assumed that other people had also been taught these __7__.One day I was at the __8__，with my 3yearold son，my daughter，and at this time pregnant with my third child.A woman __9__ me，I thought here we go __10__.‎ She said that God must not have wanted my daughter to __11__ him，as he left her with a __12__.She went on to say that __13__ with these kisses were always surrounded by angels.I was astonished.What a __14__，more loving approach to someone with a problem!‎ My daughter will __15__ this year from High School.She is beautiful.Her early years were spent in and out of __16__.Finally the tumor was removed，because it __17__ her vision.It is not noticeable __18__ in the bright sun.She spent this year as the dance scholar for our school.She danced for 4 years on our dancedrill team.She had __19__ many scholarships.Her life is wonderful.The woman in the mall made me a better parent.Perhaps，this __20__ will help make someone else a better parent，too.‎ ‎1．A.noticeable　　　　B．bearable C．recognized D．accepted ‎2．A.colour B．weight C．size D．width ‎3．A.One day B．Every time C．Later D．Recently ‎4．A.make B．help C．tell D．hold ‎5．A.exact B．appropriate C．rude D．practical ‎6．A.learned B．brought C．considered D．taught ‎7．A.qualities B．principles C．questions D．opinions ‎8．A.party B．office C．mall D．meeting ‎9．A.approached B．saw C．appreciated D．called ‎10．A.now B．later C．again D．quickly ‎11．A.understand B．leave C．hate D．remember ‎12．A.scar B．kiss C．mark D．sign ‎13．A.mothers B．gods C．faces D．babies ‎14．A.stranger B．cleverer C．kinder D．happier ‎15．A.develop B．succeed C．graduate D．improve ‎16．A.hospitals B．schools C．illness D．sight ‎17．A.blocked B．stopped C．injured D．deepened ‎18．A.despite B．except C．although D．because ‎19．A.given B．proved C．left D．received ‎20．A.lesson B．story C．adventure D．tumor ‎【解题导语】本文是一篇记叙文。一个陌生人的暖心话语使作者在女儿的问题上成为了更好的家长，她希望这个故事能够使其他的父母也成为更好的家长。‎ ‎1．A　考查形容词辨析。根据前面的“At first it was small”可知，此处应指血管瘤刚开始很小，几乎不能被注意到。A项意为“明显的”，符合语境。B项意为“可忍受的”；C项意为“公认的，经过验证的”；D项意为“可接受的”，均与语境不符。故选A项。‎ ‎2．C　考查名词辨析。上文提到，刚开始，血管瘤很小，几乎不能被注意到；由“After five months”可知，此处与上文形成对比，指五个月后，血管瘤长到硬币那样大。C项意为“大小，尺寸”，符合语境。A项意为“颜色”；B项意为“重量”；D项意为“宽度”，均与语境不符。故选C项。‎ ‎3．B　考查状语从句。根据语境可知，此处指每次“我”带她出去玩的时候；分析句子结构可知，空格处引导时间状语从句，every time意为“每当……的时候”，可引导时间状语从句，符合题意，而其他三项无此用法。故选B项。‎ ‎4．D　考查动词辨析。根据语境可知，此处指人们看到“我”的女儿总是无法停下他们的评论。D项意为“停下”，符合语境。故选D项。‎ ‎5．B　考查形容词辨析。由语境可知，此处指“我”从没想出一个适当的回应给这些人。B项意为“适当的”，符合语境。A项意为“精确的”；C项意为“粗鲁的”；D项意为“实用的”，均与语境不符。故选B项。‎ ‎6．D　考查动词辨析。根据下文“assumed that other people had also been taught these”中的“taught”可知，“我”被教导要善良，要体谅别人，所以“我”认为其他人也被这样教导。故选D项。‎ ‎7．A　考查名词辨析。根据上文中的“kind and ‎ understanding”可知，此处指他们也被教导这样的品质。A项意为“品质”，符合语境。B项意为“原则”；C项意为“问题”；D项意为“观点”，均与语境不符。故选A项。‎ ‎8．C　考查名词辨析。根据最后一段倒数第二句“The woman in the mall made me a better parent.”中的“mall”可知，此处指一天怀孕的“我”带着女儿和3岁的儿子在商场买东西。故选C项。‎ ‎9．A　考查动词辨析。根据下文可知，此处指有一个女人向“我”走来。A项意为“靠近”，符合语境。B项意为“看见”；C项意为“欣赏，感激”；D项意为“给……打电话”，均与语境不符。故选A项。‎ ‎10．C　考查副词辨析。根据上文人们看见“我”的女儿就会进行评论可知，此处指“我”想在这里“我们”会再次遭遇同样的经历。故选C项。‎ ‎11．B　考查动词辨析。根据下文内容可知，此处指那个女人说，上帝一定是不想让“我”的女儿离开他。B项意为“离开”，符合语境。A项意为“理解”；C项意为“憎恨”；D项意为“记得”，均与语境不符。故选B项。‎ ‎12．B　考查名词辨析。根据下文中的“with these kisses were always surrounded by angels”可知，此处指上帝在“我”女儿的脸上留下了一个吻。B项意为“吻”，符合语境。A项意为“疤痕”；C项意为“标记”；D项意为“迹象”，均与语境不符。故选B项。‎ ‎13．D　考查名词辨析。根据语境可知，此处指有这样吻痕的孩子会永远被天使围绕着。故选D项。‎ ‎14．C　考查形容词辨析。根据“more loving”可知，此处指这与那些总是进行评论的人相比是更友善、更有爱意的方式。C项意为“更友善的”，符合语境。A项意为“更奇怪的”；B项意为“更聪明的”；D项意为“更快乐的”，均与语境不符。故选C项。‎ ‎15．C　考查动词辨析。根据“from High School”可知，此处指“我”的女儿今年会高中毕业。C项意为“毕业”，符合语境。A项意为“发展”；B项意为“成功”；D项意为“改善”，均与语境不符。故选C项。‎ ‎16．A　考查名词辨析。根据上文内容可知，作者的女儿患有血管瘤；由此可推知，为了看病，女儿早些年一定是进进出出于医院。故选A项。‎ ‎17．A　考查动词辨析。根据上文中的“Finally the tumor was removed”可知，最后，血管瘤被摘除了，因为它阻碍了她的视力。A项意为“阻碍”，符合语境。B项意为“停止”；C项意为“伤害”；D项意为“加深”，均与语境不符。故选A项。‎ ‎18．B　考查词义辨析。根据语境可知，此处指现在，如果不是在明亮的阳光下，她那小小的伤疤一点也不明显。B项意为“除了”，符合语境。A项意为“不管”；C项意为“尽管”；D项意为“因为”，均与语境不符。故选B项。‎ ‎19．D　考查动词辨析。根据空格后的“many scholarships”可知，此处指女儿得到了许多奖学金。D项意为“收到，拿到”，符合语境。A项意为“给”；B项意为“证明”；C项意为“离开”，均与语境不符。故选D项。‎ ‎20．B　考查名词辨析。纵观全文可知，本文作者叙述的是一个关于自己和女儿的故事。故此处表示，那个在商场里遇到的女人让“我”成为一个称职的家长。或许，这个故事也能够使其他人成为更好的家长。B项意为“故事”，符合语境。A项意为“课，教训”；C项意为“冒险经历”；D项意为“肿瘤”，均与语境不符。故选B项。‎ 长难句分析：She said that God must not have wanted my daughter to leave him, as he left her with a kiss.(第二段第一句)‎ 分析：本句是复合句。that引导宾语从句，作said的宾语；must not have done表示对过去事实的否定推测，意为“一定不……”；as引导原因状语从句。‎ 译文：她说上帝一定是舍不得让我的女儿离开他，因为他留给了她一个吻。‎ 词汇积累：tumor n．瘤　pregnant adj.怀孕的 vision n．视力，视线　scholarship n．奖学金 四、教材与话题写作 ‎(Ⅰ)用本单元所学知识完成下列句子。‎ ‎1．众所周知，自从1978年改革以来，中国经历了移民大潮。(immigration)‎ ‎_____________________________________________________ ‎ 答案：As we all know, China has experienced immigration movements since the reform in 1978.‎ ‎2．据报道成千上万的农民从农村涌向城市。(It is reported that...)‎ ‎_____________________________________________________ ‎ 答案：It is reported that thousands of farmers from the countryside crowd into the cities.‎ ‎3．尽管辛苦，他们中的多数人都能适应城市生活。(make a life)‎ ‎_____________________________________________________ ‎ 答案：The majority of them can make a life in the cities despite great hardship.‎ ‎4．有些农民甚至申请到了城市居住权，享受和当地人一样的权利。(apply for)‎ ‎_____________________________________________________‎ 答案：Some farmers even have applied for the right to live in the city and enjoy the same rights as the local people.‎ ‎5．他们通过努力工作为城市的繁荣做出了贡献，自己也过上了幸福的生活。(by means of; boom)‎ ‎_____________________________________________________ ‎ 答案：They have made great contributions to the boom of the cities by means of working hard and live a happy life.‎ ‎(Ⅱ)将以上句子连成短文，要求衔接连贯、过渡自然。‎ ‎_____________________________________________________ ‎ ‎_____________________________________________________ ‎ ‎_____________________________________________________ ‎ ‎_____________________________________________________ ‎ ‎_____________________________________________________ ‎ ‎_____________________________________________________ ‎ 五、下面是李华的一篇作文，文中有五处错误，改正错误并背诵该文。‎ As we all know, China have experienced immigration movements since the reform in 1978.It is reported what thousands of farmers from the countryside crowd into the cities, the majority of them can make a life in the cities despite great hardship.Some even have applied for the right to live in the city and enjoy the same rights with the local people. In addition, they have made great contribution to the boom of the cities by means of working hard and live a happy life.‎ 答案：‎ As we all know, China experienced immigration movements since the reform in 1978.It is reported thousands of farmers from the countryside crowd into the cities, the majority of can make a life in the cities despite great hardship.Some even have applied for the right to live in the city and enjoy the same rights the local people. In addition, they have made great to the boom of the cities by means of working hard and live a happy life.‎