高考英语单项填空热点难点面面俱到 9页

新课标高考英语单项填空：热点难点面面俱到　‎ 单项填空从五个方面考察学生的实际水平：1.基础语法知识；2.语法知识的运用能力；3.词组的搭配和习惯用法；4.对词义的正确理解；5.交际功能（日常交际语的用法）。‎ （一） 冠词（Article）‎ ‎［考点透视］ ‎ ‎1.Most animals have little connection with_____animals of______different kind unless they kill them for food. ‎ A. the a B.不填 a C. the the D.不填；the 答案：B。animals在这里属于泛指，animals of a different kind 一种不同种类的动物。kind 在文中是“种类”，是可数名词单数,前面要加不定冠词。‎ ‎2.Paper money was in____use in China when Marco Polo visited the country in_____thirteenth century.‎ A. the 不填 B.the the C. 不填 the D.不填；the 答案：C。 ‎ ‎3.She is____newcomer to_____chemistry , but she has made some discoveries.‎ A. the the B.the不填 C. a 不填 D.a the答案：C。学科前不加冠词。‎ ‎4. Many people are still in_____habit of writing silly things in_____public places.A. 不填 不填 B.the the C. the 不填 D.不填；the 答案：C。有定语修饰的名词前往往加the，writing silly things为定语。‎ 如：The few friends she has made there are all gone。‎ 泛指的复数名词前不加the，故public places前不加the。‎ 又如: People tend to think boys are cleverer than girls ‎5. ----Where’s Jack?‎ ‎ ----I think he is still in_____bed , but he might just be in_____bathroom. ‎ ‎ A. a, the B. the, X C.X ,X D. X, the ‎ 答案：D。in bed 为习惯搭配；又如：by hand，at night /dawn / sea /war。in the bathroom 特指一具体地点，这样的介词短语都加the 如：in the classroom, in the cinema, in the park, in the fair(在交易会)，in the countryside, live in the suburb 等。‎ ‎6.The pizzas are delicious. He’d like__ third one because___second is rather small. ‎ A.a, a; B. a. the; C.the, a; D.the, the; ‎ 答案：B.第一个空表示“再一”；第二个空表示“第二”。请把这个题珍藏起来。‎ ‎7.--Have you finished reading ___interesting story?‎ ‎--Yes. It is worth reading__ second time. A the, a B an, the C the, the D an, a ‎ ‎［冠词精讲］： ‎ 一、英语中有三大冠词，两个不定冠词 (a , an )，一个定冠词 （the）。‎ a ,an 的用法：a 用在辅音音标开头前，an 用在元音音标开头前。 ‎ 例如：an English book , a pen , an apple, an orange , an “f”, an “s” ,an “m”。‎ a / an 的特大重点用法：‎ an hour,an honour;an honest (诚实的) boy, a useful pen, a uniform; a university, an umbrella (伞), a European country, an 8-year-old boy, an 11-year-old girl, an 18-foot-tall tree, an 80-year-old man, a one-eyed camel 记忆特殊不定冠词一句话：‎ ‎1.In a university, a European and a one-eyed man with a uniform walked along a one-way road ‎ with a useful thing. This is a usual thing.‎ ‎2. An hour ago, an honest man accepted an honourable task. ‎ 二、做表语或主语的个体名词泛指一律加a，‎ 如：A Mr. Smith is waiting for you outside.‎ ‎★下列地方永远用the 沙漠河流与群山，列岛海峡与海湾。‎ 方位朝代世独一，会议条约与报刊。‎ 乐器建筑影剧院，发明年代海洋船。‎ The+ 姓氏一家人，序数词和最高级。‎ 抓打人体某部位 ，带language的语言。‎ ‎★下列地方永远不用the ‎ 专,抽，物；复数官衔和称呼； ‎ 星期节日与四季，三餐，球棋，人类（man ）和消息（word）。‎ 一、【典型考题解析】‎ ‎1．---Hello,could I speak to Mr. Smith?‎ ‎ ---Sorry,wrong number .There isn’t______Mr. Smith here. ‎ ‎ A.不填 B.a C.the D.one ‎2.I know you don’t like______music very much.But what do you think of ______music in the film we saw yesterday?‎ A.不填，不填 B.the ,the C.the,不填 D.不填,the ‎ ‎3.—I knocked over my coffee cup.It went right over______keyboard.‎ ‎--You shouldn’t put drinks near______computer. ‎ A.the,不填 B.the,a C.a,不填 D.a,a ‎4．I will never forget my teacher’s advice: “As long as you can affect _____ life of one child, you’ve been _____ success.” A. the; the B. a; a C. a; the D. the; a ‎5. French language is European language which comes from Latin.‎ A．The; a B．不填；an C．The; an D．不填；a ‎6.Alice is fond of playing __piano while Herry likes listening to ___ music.‎ A./ , the　　　　 B./ , /　　C.the ,/　　D.the , the　 ‎ ‎7.Beyond _____ stars, the astronaut saw nothing but _______ space.‎ ‎　 A.the , /　　B./ ,the　　C./ ,/　　D.the , the　 ‎ ‎8.Alexander Graham Bell invent _____ telephone in 1876.‎ A. /　　B.a　　C.the　　D.one 　 ‎ ‎9.—-I’d like ____ information about the managemnet of you hotel , please.‎ ‎--Well , you could have ____ word with the manager. He might be helpful.‎ A.some , a　　　　 B.an , some　C.some , some　　 D.an ,a　　 ‎ ‎10.Many people agree that _______ knowledge of English is a must in _______ international trade today. A.a , /　B.the , an　C.the , the　D./ , the　 ‎ ‎11.____ couple tried to name their baby @, saying_____ character can be translated into "ai ta ', which represents their love for him.‎ ‎ A. An; a B. The; a C. A; a D. The; the ‎12._____China we’ll see in the year 2015 will be quite _____ different country from what it is ‎ now.‎ ‎ A. /; a B. The; a C. The; the D. /; /‎ ‎13. Of all the subjects, I like _____ history the best because it gives us _____ useful knowledge of things in the past.‎ ‎ A. the; a B. /; a C. a; the D. a; /‎ ‎14. There is _____ universal concept among _____ parents that’s the more they feed their kids, the healthier they will grow up to be.‎ A. an; the B. a; the C. a; 不填 D. 不填； the ‎ ‎15._____ big fire broke out in my neighbor’s house last night ,and it took the firefighters about an hour to put out _____ fire. ‎ A. The; a B. A; the C.The; the D.A; a ‎(二)、介词：主要介词方法 in, on ,at表时间，各自用法不一般；at之后时间点，常在几点几分前；‎ past是过，差是to , at用在午夜黎明前；on指具体某一天，某日上下午和傍晚；月份四季和某年，把in用上理当然；若是单指上下晚，习惯用法in出现。‎ ‎1. My father returned at 10:00 of June 15.‎ A. in the night B. by the night C. on the night D. at night ‎ ‎2. Childern need friends _____ their own age to play with.‎ A. with B. of C. for D. by ‎3. If you are able to get the tickets tomorrow, please tell me the phone. ‎ A. at B. by C. on D. through ‎4. Are you ready? We will go out for a picnic three o’clock.‎ A. in B. after C. for D. since ‎5. What do you mean “take-away”, please? ‎ A. with B. of C. for D. by ‎6. he will do that heavy work his own. ‎ A.by B. of C. on D. at ‎ ‎7. your help, we finished the work on time.‎ A. Thanks B. Thanks for C. Thanks to D. Thanks of ‎8. Our teacher asked me to the new words in a dictionary.‎ A. look for B. look up C. look at D. look into ‎9. He often mistakes me my brother. ‎ A. to B. as C. for D. with ‎10. ______our airline, we apologize that you were not given proper notice.‎ ‎ A. In spite of B. On behalf of C. in face of D. In favor of ‎ 参考答案1――5 CBCBD 6――10 CCBCB ‎ 典型介词：高考常考点：‎ ‎1.be late for “做某事迟到”； be late with “迟做某事” ‎ 如：This morning I was late for school , for my mother was late with breakfast.‎ ‎2.beyond belief/ beyond description/ beyond one’s power / beyond words 超出…‎ ‎3 given = considering 是介词意思是考虑到…‎ 如：Given their inexperience, they have done a good job. ‎ ‎4.including 是介词； 意思是包括；如 This meal cost me ten yuan, including tea.‎ ‎5. talk sb into doing sth= persuade sb into doing sth 说服某人干某事 ‎6. In memory of = to the memory of 为了纪念…; ‎ ‎(三) 名词、数词 数词：基数词：one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, … twenty,twenty-one , t, hundred 基数词速记歌：‎ 英语数词不难记找到规律就容易; 一至二十词各异，一个一个单独记;‎ 后面加teen 变“十几”， thirteen, fifteen 看仔细; eighteen 只有一个t, 两个音节念清晰;二十至九十加ty , twenty不同重点记; forty去掉字母u, thirty, fifty 更出奇。表示数词几十几，连字符号（—）莫丢弃！‎ 序数词：表示第几的数词叫序数词。除了几个特殊的数词外，一般在基数词后面加上th, 但几个特殊的需要死记：第一first, 第二 second, 第三third ,第五fifth, 第八eighth， 第九ninth, 第十二twelfth, 第二十twentieth, 第一百hundredth。‎ 序数词速记歌：‎ 基变序有规律，一、二、三、要牢记；其他都加-th；八去t, 九去e，f 来把ve 替；二十、三十、至九十，y变i加-eth；第一百最容易，hundred后加-th.‎ 考点用法：表示第几时，序数词前一定要用the ; 如：‎ 第一课 Lesson One =the first lesson 第三排 Row Three =the third row ‎ 第二次世界大战 World War Two =the Second World War 重点：表示再一、又一时，在序数词前用不定冠词a，不用the.‎ ‎1). He has come here three times. And he wants to come here_____ fourth time.‎ ‎ A. a B. the C. an D. one ‎2). It is important for us to learn ________second language. ‎ A. the B. a C. an D. one ‎3). He failed, and he wanted to try ______second time. ‎ A. the B. a C. an D. one ‎［高考真题］‎ ‎1. Many people agree that _____ knowledge of English is a must in _____ international trade today. A.a; X B.the; an C.the; the D.X; the 答案：A。此题看似考查冠词，实则考查名词。抽象名词，如knowledge 本不加冠词，但表示具体哪门知识加a；有定语修饰，有时还加the， 如: the science of biology。‎ ‎2.Oh，John，_____you gave us!‎ A.How a great surprise B.How pleasant surprise ‎ C.What a pleasant surprise D.What pleasant surprise 答案；C。抽象名词本不可数，但表示一个令人吃惊的人或事要加a。‎ ‎3 We’ve missed the last bus,I’m afraid we have no_____but to take a taxi.‎ A.way B.choice C.possibility D.selection ‎ 答案：B。名词同义和近义词的区别很重要，主要从固定句型、习惯用语和与动词的搭配区别。‎ ‎4.—I wonder whose bicycle it is.—It might be my_____.‎ A.neighbour’s B.dear neighbour C.neighbour D.neighbours 答案：A。有生命的东西要表示“的”字用所有格’s。‎ ‎5. —Where’s your brother?—At_____.‎ A.Mr.Green’s B.Greens C.the Mr Green’s D. the Greens答案：A。‎ ‎6.Shortly after the accident two_____policemen were sent to the spot to keep order. A.dozen of B.dozens C.dozen D.dozens of ‎ 答案：C。事故发生后不久，二十四名警察被派到出事地点维持秩序。‎ 数词dozen，score，hundred，thousand，million等前面加数字用单数，如two score birds，several hundred people，three thousand books等。‎ ‎（四）形容词、副词 ‎1.形容词修饰名词。2.副词用来修饰动词、形容词。副词、介词词组或整个句子，可分为时间副词(today, now, then)、地点副词（here, near, far, above…）、频率副词(often, usually, twice…) 、程度副词(very, quite, too, so…) 、方式副词(well, careful, slowly…)等。‎ ‎3.形容词和副词的比较级与最高级形式变化：‎ ‎⑴单音节词尾加-er/-est,以e结尾只加-r/st.如：small－smaller－smallest ‎(2)辅音字母+y结尾的词，把y变为i加-er/-est,如：happy－happier－happiest ‎(3)闭音节单音节词末尾只有一个辅音字母时，双写这个辅音字母，在加-er/-est.初中课本只有如下单词 big, hot, thin, fat, red, wet。‎ ‎(4)双音节词加more/most.注意：以-y,-er,-ow,-ble 结尾的双音节词加-er/-est.。如：clever－ cleverer－cleverest, narrow－narrower－narrowestt ‎4.形容词和副词的原级、比较级与最高级用法：‎ ‎（1）程度副词very, quite, so, too后面，以及as…as, not as(so)…as 用原级。（2）两者作比较用比较级。注意以下几点：‎ A. much, a little, even 可以用来修饰比较级。‎ 如：much taller, little better, even more tired B. “比较级+比较级“或“more and more ”表示越来越…。‎ 如：faster and faster ,more and more slowly C. than 后常用the other +名词复数/any other + 名词单数。‎ 如：Jim is taller than the other boys/any other boy in his class.‎ ‎（3） 三者或三者以上做比较用最高级，最高级前加the ‎ ‎（副词最高级前可省去the）。常见以下几种情况用最高级：‎ A.出现表示范围的词in/of +名词时，in 之后的名词与主语不是同类，它包括主语；of 之后的名词与主语是同类。‎ 如：Jim is the tallest in our class. Jim is the tallest of the boys.‎ B.序数词后加最高级。如：‎ The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.‎ C. one of the +最高级+名复。如：Zhengzhou is one of the biggest cities in China.‎ ‎◆as much as 多达的典型用法：as many as 修饰可数名词； ‎ as much as 修饰不可数名或跟表示计量单位的名词复数。‎ ‎1．Beijing will have a top first-aid system for the 2008 Olympics. No one will wait _____10 minutes for an ambulance.‎ A.as many as B. less than C. as much as D. as well as ‎2.He used as much as 130 calories in the running sports.‎ ‎3.The elephant can eat as much as one ton of vegetables.‎ ‎4.The farmers no longer doubt that vegetables can bring in _____ crops.‎ A.as many as B. less than C. as much as D. as well as He has been to Paris_____, if not more than,ten times. ‎ A.as many as B. less than C. as much as D. as well as ‎【形容词和副词热点试题自测】‎ ‎1. The weather was terrible last night. It rained ______.People could ____ go out.‎ A. hardly, hardly B. hardly, hard C. hard, hard D. hard, hardly ‎2. Mr. Smith thought the Century Park was the second ________ in Shanghai ‎ A. large B. largest C. larger D. very large ‎3. Of the two shirts, the boy chose ________ one. A. less expensive. B. the less expensive C. the least expensive D. the most expensive ‎ ‎4. Have you ever seen ________ big panda before? ‎ A. a such B. such a C. so a D. a so ‎ ‎5. Of all the stars, the sun is _______ to the earth.‎ ‎ A. farthest B. the farthest C. nearest D. the nearest ‎ ‎6. He wasn’t _________ . He cut his finger.‎ A. careful enough B. carefully C. enough careful D. enough carefully ‎ ‎7. In the exam, the _____ you are ,the _______ mistakes you’ll make.‎ A. careful, little B.more careful, less ‎ C. more careful, few D. more careful, fewer ‎8. This kind of skirt looks ______ and sells ________.‎ A. nice, well B. nice, good C. well, well D. good, nice ‎9. ---What do you think of Miss Li’s teaching? ‎ ‎--- Oh, no one teaches ________.‎ A. well B. better C. best D. good ‎10. Don’t hurry. We still have ________ time. ‎ A. little B. a little C. few D. a few ‎ ‎11. Lucy doesn’t like cotton blouse, Lily doesn’t,__________ . ‎ A. either B. too C. neither D. also ‎12. There are trees on _________ sides of the street. ‎ A. both B. each C. all D. either ‎13. ---What do you think of the present? ‎ ‎--- Wonderful. Nothing could be _____. ‎ A. worse B. better C. best D. good ‎14.If there were no examination, we should have _____at school.‎ A.the happiest time B.a more happier time ‎ C.much happier time D.a much happier time ‎15—How did you find your visit to the museum?‎ ‎—I thoroughly enjoyed it, it was _____than I expected.‎ A.far more interesting B.even much interesting ‎ ‎ C.so more interesting D.a lot much interesting 答案：A.比较级形容词、副词前可加much ,any, even, a lot, a great deal, a bit ,a little, far,by far, 来加强语气。‎ ‎16—If you don’t like the red coat, take the blue one.‎ ‎ —Ok, but do you have _____size in blue? This one is a bit tight for me.‎ ‎ A.a big B.a bigger C.the big D.the bigger 答案：B.比原来所说的the blue one 要大一些，因此用比较级。‎ ‎16.Which is _____country? Canada or Australia? ‎ A.a large B.the larger C.a larger D.larger 答案：B.‎ ‎17.Can you believe that in ___a rich country there should be___many poor people?‎ A.such.such B.such,so C.so, so D.so,such 答案：B.‎ ‎18.—Are you feeling _____？—Yes,I am fine now.‎ A.any well B.any better C.quite good D.quite better 答案：B ‎19.John plays football _____, if not better than, David A.as well B.as well as C.so well D.so well as 答案：B ‎20.It takes a long time to go there by train.It’s _____ by road. A.quick B.the quickest C.much quick D.quicker 答案：D。比较级是形容词和副词的用法，两个事物相比必须用比较级，此处为by train和by road相比。‎ ‎（五）代词（Pronouns）和 连词（Conjunction）‎ ‎1.—Why don’t we take a little break?‎ ‎ —Didn’t we just have _____? A.it B.that C.one D.this 答案：C.代词it用来指代前面提到过的一个事物，that常用来指代一个概念，经常为不可数名词，one常用来指代与前边提到过的事物中同类却是不同的另一个。This是近指。本题中take a little break 与下文中have one即have a little break虽然是意义相同，但却是不同时间的另一事物。‎ ‎2.If you want to change for double room you will have to pay _____$15. ‎ A.another B.other C.more D.each 答案：A.another与数词连用，意义是“还需要，还有”，它相当于数词+more。‎ 如：I want to buy 20 copies of this book, so please hand me five more books.(=another five books)‎ ‎3. —When shall we meet again?—Make it _____day you like, it is all the same to me. A.one B.any C.some D.another ‎ 答案：B.any可指任何一天，one day之具体的一天，some day 指某一天，another day指另外的一天，any含有任何一个的意思。‎ 如：You may take any of them. He is taller than any other one in the class.‎ ‎4.—Shall I sit at this end of the boat or the other end?‎ ‎ —If you keep still, you can sit at _____end. ‎ A.neither B.each C.either D.any 答案：C。不定代词either表示两个中任意一个，neither为全否定，both表示全肯定，not both为部分否定，any表示三者以上中任意一个，each 强调二者或三者以上“每一个”。‎ ‎5. As we were asleep, _____of us heard the sound. ‎ ‎ A.both B.none C.either D.any 答案：B。none表示三个以上人或物的全部否定。往往表示上文已提过的人或物，we在上文提过，none后面可加of。‎ ‎(六)情态动词（Model Verbs）‎ ‎[考点透视]‎ 情态动词是历年高考必设的重点，也是英语语法中的重点项目，主要考察：‎ ‎1.--Are you coming to Jeff's party?--I'm not sure.I___go to the concert instead. A.must B.would C.should D.might ‎ 答案：D.might语气比较弱，含义是：也许，或许。must猜测的语气非常强，一定。should 常表示比较有可能的猜测比must在语气上稍差一些。‎ ‎2. I would love____to the party last night ,but I had to work extra hours to finish a report. A.to go B.to have gone C.going D.having gone 答案：B. would like/love to have done表示本想如何而未做，“本想去参加晚会但没去”。‎ ‎3. Jack____yet, otherwise he would have telephoned me.‎ ‎ A.mustn't have arrived B.should have arrived ‎ C.can't have arrived D.needn't have arrived 答案：C。‎ ‎4..I told Sally how to get there, but perhaps I____it out for her.‎ ‎ A.had to write B.must have written C.should have written D.ought to write ‎ 答案：C。表示“本该写给她而未做”。‎ ‎5.There were already five people in the car ,but they managed to take me as well.‎ ‎ It____a comfortable journey.‎ ‎ A. can't be B.shouldn't be C.mustn't have been D.couldn't have been 答案：D。表示对过去的推测，“不可能是一趟舒服的旅行”。‎ ‎ 6．--Do you think I could borrow your dictionary?‎ ‎ --____ ‎ A.Yes, you may borrow B.Yes, you could ‎ C.Yes, help yourself D.Yes, go on ‎ 答案：C.Help yourself表示“请随便”。‎ ‎. 7.--When can I come for the photos? I need them tomorrow afternoon.‎ ‎ --They____be ready by 12:00. A.can B.should C.might D.need 答案：B。表示“照片应该在12点前冲洗出来”。‎ ‎.8____you have got a chance, you might as well make full use of it.‎ ‎ A.Now that B.After C.Although D.As soon as 答案：A.might as well 意为“不妨”或“还是……的好”，该句意思为“既然有这样的好机会，你不妨充分利用一下”。‎ ‎9 --Will you stay for lunch?‎ ‎ --Sorry,____.My brother is coming to see me.‎ ‎ A.I mustn't B.I can't C.I needn't D.I won't 答案：B。表示不能。‎ ‎（七）非谓语动词 ‎[考点透视]‎ 非谓语动词在历届高考中都有大量出现，不仅仅是单项填空，在阅读理解和完形填空当中也有大量的出现，因此，更好地掌握这一语法项目对于提高考生的综合能力都有积极意义。‎ ‎1.--The light in the office is still on.--Oh, I forgot____.‎ A.turning it off B.turn it off ‎ C.to turn it off D.having turned it off ‎ 答案C。意为忘记某事，没有去做。‎ ‎2.____a reply,he decided to write again.‎ ‎ A.Not receiving B.Receiving not ‎ C.Not having received D.Having not received 答案：C非谓语的否定结构。‎ ‎3.The Olympic Games, ____in 776 BC, didn't include women players until 1912.‎ ‎ A.first playing B.to be first played C.first played D.to be playing ‎ 答案：C。过去分词做后置定语。‎ ‎4. _____ he is a child, he can’t go there. ‎ A.Given B.To give C.Giving D.Having given ‎5._____ from his twin at birth,he didn’t know he had a brother until he was twenty. ‎ A. Separated B.Separating C. Having separated D To separate ‎6.He hurried to the station, only___ the train had left.‎ A.to find Bto have found C.found D.finding ‎