2011高考英语一轮复习 题型突破 阅读理解3 5页

阅读理解突破(三)‎ ‎——推理判断题 ‎1．推理判断题的提问方式 ‎(1)It can be inferred/concluded/seen from the passage that________.‎ ‎(2)Which of the following conclusions can we draw according to the passage?‎ ‎(3)In which of the following publications (出版物) would this passage most likely be printed?‎ ‎(4)The passage implies,but doesn’t directly state that________.‎ ‎(5)The writer suggests that________.‎ ‎(6)The author probably feels that________.‎ ‎(7)The author uses the example of...to show that________.‎ ‎(8)What’s the author’s attitude toward...?‎ ‎2．推理判断题的解题策略 ‎(1)严格按照阅读材料中所提供的信息进行推理,千万不要掺杂自己的主观想法或经验。‎ ‎(2)如果某选项中的内容是阅读材料的简单重复,那它就不是推论,也就不是正确答案。‎ ‎(3)如果某选项所表达的内容与经验相吻合,文中却没有涉及,那它属于主观臆断的结论,也不是正确答案。‎ ‎(4)如果某个选项所表达的内容虽在文中提到,但很片面或很不完整,那也不是正确答案。‎ ‎(5)文中的虚拟语气和情态动词(should,must,may,etc.)往往能流露出作者的弦外之音,这有助于我们确定正确答案。‎ ‎(6)注意作者在文章中的措辞,比如作者在形容词前用了too,excessively,rather等,则常带有否定的口气。‎ ‎(7)某些过渡词如however,but,on the contrary,what is more等后面所表达的内容往往能反映作者的观点和态度。‎ ‎3．推理判断题类型及应对措施 ‎(1)数据推理 解答此类题,关键是要善于捕捉有关数字信息,然后在透彻理解原文的字面意思和题意的基础上,运用自己的数学知识,对其进行分析、推理,从而得出正确答案。‎ ‎(2)知识推理 知识推理题是根据文章中所阐述的细节,运用自己掌握的基础知识进行分析、推敲,从而得出符合文章原意的结论的一种推断方法。解答此类题,不仅需要我们有一定的社会基础知识,而且还需要对细节以及有关背景知识有一个充分的理解。‎ ‎(3)逻辑推理 逻辑结论是指严格根据文章所陈述的事实、论点、例证等一系列论据材料进行推理,从而得出合乎逻辑的结论,而不是根据自己的经验、态度、观点或爱好去理解文章的内容。解答这类题的前提是首先获得短文的主题思想或列举的具体事实,然后按题意的要求进行 推断。‎ ‎1‎ Most children,even the youngest children,are delighted to be around cats and dogs.But these pets carry plenty of germs and allergens (过敏原),prompting researchers to ask：Are cats and dogs really safe for children?‎ A study finds that,contrary to many parents’ fears,owning cats or dogs does not increase a child’s risk of developing allergies,and in fact,may actually protect them.The study’s lead author,Dr. Dennis Ownby of the Medical College of Georgia,said that even he was “very surprised” by the results.Ownby and colleagues followed more than 470 children from birth to age 6 or 7,comparing those exposed to cats and dogs during their first years of life to those who were not.‎ By using skinprick tests for detecting common allergies,the researchers found that,contrary to what many doctors had been taught for years,children who had lived with a pet were not at greater risk.‎ Even more remarkable,children who had two or more dogs or cats had an even greater reduction,up to 77 percent,in risk of allergies.Researchers suggest this protective effect may be the result of early exposure to lots of bacteria that are carried by dogs and cats.Exposing young children to these bacteria helps “exercise” their immune systems early in life so that they’re better able to resist allergic diseases later.‎ ‎“There’s something very important in the first years of life when the immune system is developing that we can retrain it away from an allergic response,” saidDr. William Davis.‎ And while researchers are not encouraging parents to buy dogs or cats just to reduce a ‎ child’s allergy risk,they say if a family already has one or more animals,there’s no need to get rid of them.‎ ‎1．Why do the researchers feel “very surprised” by the results of the study?‎ A．Because the results are contrary to their expectation.‎ B．Because so many children are playing with cats and dogs.‎ C．Because parents are so much worried about their children.‎ D．Because children with animals may develop allergies easily.‎ 答案　A 解析　此题较易,文中第二段中的“contrary to many parents’ fears”为关键词语,反 映出结果与第一段中人们的一般认识相反,因此研究者感到惊奇,故选A项；选D的 原因是因为根本就没有读懂文章,而把意思弄反了。‎ ‎2．Compared with children who have pets,those who haven’t________.‎ A．will lose the chance to develop immune system B．may suffer allergic diseases more often C．will reduce the harm from bacteria D．can keep doctors away 答案　　B 解析　本文主要是围绕接触带有过敏原的宠物是否安全展开的,由第二段“...,and in ‎ fact,may actually protect them.”和第三段“...were not at greater risk.”可知,应是接触 宠物的孩子患这种疾病的可能性较小,即不接触宠物的孩子患这种疾病的可能性较大,‎ 故选B项；误选A项是由于错误理解了倒数第二段；误选C项是由于没有正确理解全 文,而是根据传统认识,即开头的观点作出的判断。‎ ‎3．It can be inferred from the passage that________.‎ A．pets are illtreated by their owners B．less families would like to own cats and dogs C．keeping pets is a good way to keep children healthy D．the results of the study can make families with pets feel at ease 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。该研究结果告诉人们小孩在早期与猫狗等动物接触不会影响他们的 健康,从而使很多父母可以放心。‎ ‎2‎ ‎(2009·全国Ⅰ,C)‎ We have met the enemy,and he is ours.We bought him at a pet shop.When monkeypox,a disease usually found in the African rain forest,suddenly turns up in children in the American Midwest,it’s hard not to wonder if the disease that comes from foreign animals is homing in on human beings.“Most of the infections(感染) we think of as human infections started in other animals,”says Stephen Morse,director of the Center for Public Health Preparedness at Columbia University.‎ It’s not just that we’re going to where the animals are；we’re also bringing them closer to us.Popular foreign pets have brought a whole new disease to this country.A strange illness killed Isaksen’s pets,and she now thinks that keeping foreign pets is a bad idea.“I don’t think it’s fair to have them as pets when we have such a limited knowledge of them,”says Isaksen.‎ ‎“Laws allowing these animals to be brought in from deep forest areas without stricter control need changing,”says Peter Schantz.Monkeypox may be the wakeup call.Researchers believe infected animals may infect their owners.We know very little about these new diseases.A new bug(病菌) may be kind at first.But it may develop into something harmful(有害的)．Monkeypox doesn’t look like a major infectious disease.But it is not impossible to pass the disease from person to person.‎ ‎1．We learn from Paragraph 1 that the pet sold at the shop may ________.‎ A．come from Columbia B．prevent us from being infected C．enjoy being with children D．suffer from monkeypox 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。由第一段可知宠物店主的宠物感染了一种病毒,故选D。‎ ‎2．Why did Isaksen advise people not to have foreign pets?‎ A．They attack human beings.‎ B．We need to study native animals.‎ C．They can’t live out of the rain forest.‎ D．We do not know much about them yet.‎ 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。由第二段Isaksen说的话可知,她认为目前人们对国外的宠物了解 得太少。‎ ‎3．What does the phrase “the wakeup call” in Paragraph 3 most probably mean?‎ A．a new disease B．a clear warning C．a dangerous animal D．a morning call 答案　B 解析　词义猜测题。由本句主语monkeypox知,这可能是一种新的天花病毒,而不是 一种病,故排除A、C、D。‎ ‎4．The text suggests that in the future we ________.‎ A．may have to fight against more new diseases B．may easily get infected by diseases from dogs C．should not be allowed to have pets D．should stop buying pets from Africa 答案　A 解析　推理判断题。由文章最后一段可知,这种病毒的出现只是一个警告。未来可能会 出现更多的新的疾病。‎ ‎3‎ The China Daily newspaper group is looking for Englishlanguage senior business editors,senior copy editors,copy editors and graphic designers to strengthen its international team.We offer a competitive salary package,free accommodation with utilities paid for,90 per cent medical reimbursement,a sevenday paid leave,elevenday public holidays and a return ticket to the country of residence.‎ Senior Business Editor You must：‎ assist the business editor in setting goals and working on achieving them；‎ be an excellent team person who can generate ideas and think creatively and be able to rewrite totally if needed and mentor junior staff；‎ ideally have been working or have worked in a position of responsibility and understand what leadership entails；‎ have had at least five years’ editing experience working on editing the Business Desk and be familiar with industry software.‎ Senior Copy Editor You must：‎ work on shifts in the Business Desk and usually have the last word before the page is sent to print；‎ edit or rewrite copy and give snappy headlines and captions；‎ have had at least two years’ editing experience working on editing desks and be familiar with industry software.‎ Copy Editor You must：‎ be good at editing or rewriting copy and writing snappy headlines and captions；‎ be able to work on shifts for different pages,and usually have the last word before the page is sent to print；‎ have two years of editing experience working on copy desks,and be familiar with industry software.‎ Graphic Designer You must：‎ have excellent skills in information graphics；‎ be good at illustrations and freehand drawings；‎ be experienced in newspaper or magazine layouts；‎ have a good sense of typography；‎ have good news judgment；‎ be wellversed with Macintosh software,including InDesign,Illustrator and Photoshop；‎ be fluent in English.‎ For enquiries or to apply,write to job @ chinadaily.com.cn.‎ ‎1．What is the purpose of this passage?‎ A．To describe the positions of the China Daily newspaper group.‎ B．To describe the working conditions of the China Daily newspaper group.‎ C．To advertise for recruiting some good employees.‎ D．To tell you how to become part of this group.‎ 答案　C 解析　推理判断题。纵观全文,尤其是文章的第一段可以看出,这是一则广告,其目的 就是向社会公开招聘Englishlanguage senior business editors,senior copy editors,copy ‎ editors and graphic designers 4个岗位上的员工。由此可以判断,答案是C项。‎ ‎2．What is not required about Graphic Designer?‎ A．Be wellversed with Photoshop.‎ B．Have excellent skills in information graphics.‎ C．Having a good sense of typography.‎ D．Writing snappy headlines and captions.‎ 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。由Graphic Designer的招聘要求可以看出：Writing snappy headlines ‎ and captions并非Graphic Designer所要求具备的。‎ ‎3．How many positions need editing experience?‎ A．2. B．1. C．3. D．4.‎ 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。前三个职位的叙述中都提到了对“editing experience”的要求,只 有最后一个岗位没有这方面的要求,故C项为正确答案。‎ ‎4．Which can be the title of the advertisement?‎ A．China Daily：New Employees Wanted B．China Daily：Newspaper C．China Daily：An International Team D．China Daily：The Best Working Condition 答案　A 解析　标题判断题。文章第一段已点明了文章的主旨与目的,就是要招聘人员,所以A 项所说的“中国日报社招聘员工”最能概括全文的大意,故可排除其他三项。‎ ‎5．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?‎ A．Free accommodations are available to the workers.‎ B．The workers there can enjoy a sevenday leave without pay.‎ C．The employees have the right to enjoy elevenday public holidays.‎ D．The senior business editor’s only job is to help the business editor to set goals.‎ 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。由第一段的叙述可以看出,员工可以“享受11天的公共假期”。‎ 其他三项都不符合原文的叙述。故C为正确答案。‎