2016上海高考英语非谓语专题和翻译常见所有句式总结 34页

课 题 高三英语 授课时间 教学目标 非谓语（G&V) & 翻译常见句式 重点、难点 非谓语用法区分；翻译常见句式汇总及翻译技巧 考点及考试要求 教学内容 非谓语动词 课前错题回顾：‎ G&V ‎1. About a quarter of people sleep on their backs with arms ________(stretch)out in front, looking as if they were either chasing a dream or __________________________(chase).‎ ‎2. Bent stripes,_______( call) chevrons(人字形），__________( paint) on the roads_______( make)drivers think that they are driving faster than they really are.‎ 非谓语动词 ‎ 清单一 分词、不定式作宾补用法要点 一、分词、不定式作宾语补足语的区别 ‎1．感官动词see, watch, observe, look at, hear, listen to, notice 等和使役动词have 后面的宾补有三种形式，即原形动词（不带to 的不定式）、现在分词和过去分词。现在分词表主动或正在进行，过去分词表被动或完成，动词原形表主动和完成。如：‎ I heard her sing an English song just now. ‎ 刚才我听见她唱了一首英文歌。‎ I heard her singing and English song when I passed by her room yesterday.‎ 昨天经过她房间时，我听见她在唱英文歌。‎ I heard the English song sung many times.‎ 我多次听到有人唱这首英文歌。‎ 注意：不及物动词的过去分词作宾补表完成和状态。如：‎ I looked down at my neck and found my necklace gone. (状态)‎ I was surprised to find my hometown changed so much. (完成)‎ ‎2．leave 后接三种形式作宾补时，其中的leave 保留了原来之义“留下”，但表达的确切之义应是“使……处于某种状态）。‎ leave sb. doing sth. 让某人一直做某事 ‎（宾语和宾补之间是主谓关系，表示动作正在进行。）‎ leave sth. undone 留下某事未做 ‎（宾语和宾补之间是动宾关系，表示被动和完成，一般以undone, unfinished, unsettled, untouched 为多）‎ leave sb. to do sth. 留下某人做某事 leave sth. to be done 留下某事要做 ‎（不定式表示将来的动作。）‎ 如：It’s wrong of you to leave the machine running. ‎ 你让机器一直开着是不对的。（主动，正在进行）‎ The guests left most of the dishes untouched, because they didn’t taste delicious. ‎ 客人们没有动大部分菜，因为它们尝起来不可口。（被动，完成）‎ He left, leaving me to do all the rest work. ‎ 他走了，留下我一人去做剩余的工所有工作。（主动，将来）‎ We hurriedly ended our meeting, leaving many problems to be settled. ‎ 我们匆匆忙忙导结束了会议，留下了很多问题等待解决。（被动，将来）‎ ‎3．have, get 后接三种形式作宾补时，其中heave, get 表示“使、让、叫”之意。‎ ‎① have sth. done = get sth. done “使/让某事由别人去做”（叫/让某人做某事）。如 I’ll have /get my bike repaired tomorrow.‎ 此外，have sth. done 还表示“使遭受……”之意。如 Tom had his leg broken while playing football.‎ Mr. Smith had his house broken into while he was away on holiday. ‎ ‎② have sb. / sth. doing 使/让某人/物持续地做某事（现在分词表示主动，正在进行）‎ get sb. / sth. doing 使某人/物开始行动起来 如：The peasants had the tractor working day and night at the harvest time. ‎ 农忙时，农民们让拖拉机夜以继日地干活。‎ The captain got the soldiers moving toward the front after a short rest. ‎ 休息了片刻之后，上尉让士兵们开始朝前线行进起来。‎ 注意：“have sb. doing”若用于否定句中，其中have 有“容忍”之意。如：‎ I won’t have you speaking to your parents like that.‎ 我不会让你那样子跟你的父母说话。‎ Don’t have the water running all the time. ‎ 不要让水流个不停。‎ ‎③ have sb. do sth. (get sb. to do sth. ) 使/让/叫某人去做某事 如：Mother had me go to the shop and buy some salt. ‎ I can’t get him to stop smoking. He won’t listen to me. ‎ 二、下列动词后跟带to 的不定式作补语：‎ advise, allow, ask, beg, cause, encourage, expect, forbid, force, get, intend, invite, like, love, order, persuade, prefer, require, teach, tell, want, warn, wish, think, wait for, call on, depend on 等。如：‎ ‎① An army spokesman stressed that all the soldiers had been ordered to issue clear warning before firing any shots. ‎ ‎② The teacher asked us not to make so much noise.‎ ‎③ The flu is believed to be caused by viruses that like to reproduce in the cells inside the human nose and throat.‎ 三、不定式、现在分词作宾补小窍门 下列动词后在主动语态中用不带to 的不定式作补语，但在被动语态中要加上to：‎ 它们是“吾看三室两厅一感觉”——5看（look at, see, watch, notice, observe）；3使（make, let, have）；2听（listen to, hear）；1感觉（fell）。以上动词还可用现在分词作宾语补足语（5+3+2+1-2+4）：即以上动词除let, make 外都可以用现在分词作宾语补足语，此外find, catch, keep, lave 也可以用现在分词作宾语补足语。如：‎ At that time, I found him crying in the street. ‎ He was caught stealing. ‎ I’m sorry to have kept you waiting for such a long time. ‎ The missing boys were last seen playing near the river. ‎ 清单二 不定式、分词作定语用法要点 一、不定式作定语 ‎1．作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后面须有相应的介词。如：‎ The Browns have a comfortable house to live in. ‎ There is nothing to worry about. ‎ Please give me a knife to cut with.‎ Here is some paper for you to write on.‎ 但是，不定式所修饰的名词如果是time, place 或way时，不定式后面的介词习惯上省去。如：‎ He had no money and no place to live (in).‎ We found a way to solve this problem (in).‎ ‎2．当作定语的不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的承受者时，不定式既可以用主动语态，也可用被动语态，但其含义有所不同。试比较：‎ Have you anything to send ? 你有什么东西要寄吗？‎ ‎（不定式to send 的动作执行者是“你”）‎ Have you anything to be sent ? 你有什么要（我或别人）寄的东西吗？‎ ‎（不定式to be sent 的动作执行者是“我”或“别人”）‎ ‎3．用不定式作定语的几种情况：‎ 不定式表将来：‎ I borrowed some books to read during my holiday. ‎ 用来修饰被序数词、最高级或no, all, any 等限定的中心词。如：‎ He was the best man to do the job.‎ She was the first woman to sin the gold medal in the Olympic Games. ‎ Women and children were the first to get into the lifeboats. ‎ 用来修饰的词是抽象名词时，常见的有：ability, chance, idea, fact, excuse, promise, answer, reply, attempt, belief, way, reason, moment, time 等。如：‎ Do you have the ability to read and write English ?‎ I have to chance to go sight –seeing. ‎ 二、分词作定语 ‎1．作定语的及物动词分词形式为：V –ing; being + 过去分词；过去分刻画 ‎ 。当被修饰的名词与分词为主动关系时，用V –ing；当被修饰的名词与分词为被动关系且表正在进行时，用being + 过去分词；当被修饰的名词与分词为被动关系且表完成时，用过去分词。例如：‎ The houses being built are for the teachers. ‎ The broken glass is Tom’s. ‎ I have never seen a more moving movie. ‎ ‎2．作定语的不及物动词分词形式为：V –ing 和过去分词。V –ing 表示正在进行；过去分词表示已经完成。如：‎ falling leaves 正落的叶子 fallen leaves 落下的叶子 boiling water 正沸腾的水 boiled water 沸腾过的水（白开水）‎ 三、不定式、过去分词和现在分词被动式作定语的区别 这三种形式作定语，主要是体现在动作的发生时间上。过去分词表示的动作或是在谓语所表示的动作之前发生，或是没有一定的时间性。如：‎ Have you read the novel written by Dickens ?‎ He is man loved and respected by all. ‎ Don’t use words, expressions, or phrases known only to people with specific knowledge. ‎ 现在分词的被动式作定语时表示的动作正在发生或是与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生。如：‎ Listen ! The song being sung is very popular with the students. ‎ 不定式的被动式作定语时，表示一个未来的动作。如：‎ The question to be discussed at the tomorrow’s meeting is a very important one. ‎ 清单三 不定式、动名词作宾语用法要点 一、下面动词只能用不定式作宾语，请牢记下列小诗：‎ 决心学会想希望，拒绝设法愿假装。‎ 主动答应选计划，同意请求帮一帮。‎ Decide / determine, learn, want, expect / hope / wish, refuse, manage, care, pretend, offer, promise, choose, plan, agree, ask / beg, help ‎ 此外，afford, strive 等也要用不定式作宾语。例如：‎ ‎① She pretended not to see me when I passed by.‎ ‎② We agreed to meet here but so far she hasn’t turned up yet.‎ ‎③ In order to gain a bigger share in the international market, many state – run companies are striving to make their products more competitive. ‎ 二、下列动词只能用动名词作宾语，请牢记下列小诗：‎ 考虑建议盼原谅，承认推迟没得想。避免错过继续练，否认完成停欣赏，不禁介意准逃亡。‎ consider / suggest / advise, look forward to, excuse, pardon, admit, delay/ put off, fancy, avoid, miss, keep / keep on, practise, deny, finish, enjoy / appreciate, can’t help, mind, allow / permit, escape, imagine, forbid, risk ‎ 此外be used to, look forward to, lead to, devote to, stick to, object to, get down to, pay attention to, can’t stand (无法忍受), give up, feel like, insist on, put off, thank you for, apologize for, be busy (in), have difficulty / trouble (in), have a good / wonderful /hard time (in)等动词词组也要用动名词作宾语。‎ ‎① The squirrels was lucky that if just missed being caught. ‎ ‎② I can hardly imagine Peter sailing across the Atlantic Ocena in five days. ‎ ‎③ I would appreciate your calling back this afternoon. ‎ 三、下列动词或词组既可以跟动名词作宾语，也可以跟不定式作宾语，但意义上有区别，要特别注意。‎ ‎1. forget to do sth. 忘记去做某事 forget doing sth. 忘记已经做过某事 remember to do sth. 记住去做某事 remember doing sth. 记得曾经做过某事 regret to do sth. 后悔/遗憾去做某事 regret doing sth. 后悔做过某事 stop to do sth. 停下来去做另一件事 stop doing sth. 停止做一件事情 try to do sth. 努力/试图做某事 try doing sth. 尝试着做某事 mean to do sth. 意欲/想/企图做某事 mean doing sth. 意味着做某事 go on to do sth. (做完某事)接着做另一件事 go on doing sth.继续做同一件事(=go on with sth.)‎ can’t help to do sth. 不能帮助做某事 can’t help doing sth. 情不自禁地做某事 例如：‎ ‎① She reached the top of the hill and stopped to rest on a big rock by the side of the path. ‎ ‎② — The light in the office is still on. ‎ ‎— Oh, I forgot to turn it off. ‎ ‎③ — I usually go there by train. ‎ ‎— Why not try going by boat for a change ?‎ ‎④ — You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting. ‎ ‎— Well, now I regret having done that. ‎ ‎2．动词like, love, prefer 后接不定式或动名词作宾语均可。如表示经常性的行为可用动名词，如表示具体的行为常用动词不定式。但要注意：如果like, love, prefer 前有would /should 后面则应接动词不定式。如：‎ I like swimming, but I don’t like to swim this afternoon.‎ I’d like to go swimming this weekend. ‎ ‎3．在动词allow, advise, forbid, permit 后直接跟动名词形式作宾语，如果后面有名词或代词作宾语，其后用动词不定式作宾语补足语。即：‎ allow / advise /forbid / permit doing sth. ‎ allow / advise /forbid / permit sb. to do sth. ‎ 如：We don’t allow smoking here. ‎ We don’t allow students to smoke. ‎ ‎4．动词need, require, want 作“需要”解时，其后必须用动名词的主动形式或不定式的被动形式作宾语，表示事情需要做。这时动名词的主动式表示被动意义。be worth 后必须用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义。此外，若动词need 表“需要”，require 表“要求”，want 表“想要”这些意义时，其后须接名词或代词作宾语，然后接不定式作宾语补足语。即：‎ need / require / want doing / to be done ‎ need / require / want sb. to do sth. ‎ be worth + n. (表示钱数或相当于钱数的名词) be worth doing ‎ be worthy of being done be worthy of + n. 值得…… be worthy to be done ‎ 如：The window needs / requires / wants cleaning. ‎ The window needs / requires / wants to be cleaned.‎ 窗户需要擦一下。‎ The place is worth visiting. ‎ The place is worthy of a visit. ‎ The place is worthy of being visited. ‎ The place is worthy to be visited. ‎ 那个地方值得一去。‎ 如：① only one of these books is worth reading. ‎ ‎② — What do you think of the book ? ‎ ‎— Oh, excellent, It’s worth reading a second time. ‎ 四、动词不定式作动词tell, show, understand, explain, teach, learn, advise, discuss, ask, decide, wonder, find out 等词的宾语时，前面常带wh – 引导词。即how, what, whether, where, when, who 等 + to do。但why + 不带to 的不定式。‎ 注意此用法的不定式的逻辑主语需与主句的主语或宾语保持一致，否则用宾语从句。例如：‎ He showed us how to do the work. ( = He showed us how we should do the work.)‎ I don’t know what to do. ( = I don’t know what I’ll do.)‎ Can you tell me why do it ?‎ 五、动词不定式在介词but, other than 后面时，如果介词之前有行为动词do 的某种形式，那么介词后的不定式不带to，否则就要带to。另外在can’t choose but, can’t help but, can’t but 后面的不定式也要省略to。如：‎ We could do nothing but / other than wait. ‎ We had nothing to do but / other than wait. ‎ We have no choice but to wait. ‎ I can’t choose but laugh. ‎ 清单四 不定式、分词作状语用法要点 一、不定式作状语 He sat down to have a rest. (表目的)‎ They went there to visit their teacher. ‎ 他们去那里拜访老师。（表目的）‎ He woke up only / just to find everybody gone. ‎ 他醒来发现大家都走了。（表示结果）‎ My grandmother lived to see the liberation of China. ‎ 我祖母活到亲眼见到中国解放。（表示结果）‎ 在某些形容词作表语，表示喜、怒、衷、乐后跟不定式表示原因。如：‎ I am very glad to see you. 我非常高兴地见到你。‎ I am so sorry to hear your mother is ill. 听到你母亲生病真遗憾。‎ 在带有enough 或too的句子里，也常用不定式作状语，表示程度。如：‎ He was too excited not to say a few words. ‎ 他太激动了，不会不讲几句话的。‎ He is old enough to go to school. 他到上学年龄了。‎ She is too tired to do the job. 她太累而不能做那件工作了。‎ 注意：强调动词不定式所表示的目的时，动词不定式可用in order to (为了) 或so as to (以便) + 动词原形。so as to 不用于句首。‎ He got up early in order to catch the first bus. ‎ 他早起为了赶上第一班车。‎ The bus stopped so as to pick up passengers. ‎ 汽车停下来以便接纳乘客。‎ To look at him, you would like him. (表条件)‎ To tell you the truth, I have got no money about me. ‎ To be honest, I know nothing about it. (修饰全句，独立成分)‎ 二、分词作状语 ‎1．分词作状语形式的选择 形式 意义 V + ing (doing)‎ 与句中主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系，与句中谓语动词同时发生，或基本上同时发生。‎ having + V + ed ‎(having done)‎ 与句中主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系，先于谓语动词发生。‎ V + ed (done)‎ 与句中主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系。‎ being + V + ed ‎(being done)‎ 与句中主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系，且与谓语动词同时发生，一般作原因状语置于句首。‎ having been + V +ed ‎(having been done)‎ 与句中主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系，且先于谓语动词发生。‎ ‎2．分词作状语的基本原则 分词作状语时，分词的逻辑主语必须与句子的主语保持一致。‎ 分词作状语必须和句中主语含有逻辑上的主谓或动宾关系，否则不能使用分词作状语。‎ ‎3．分词作状语的句法功能 分词或分词短语作状语时，可以表时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式、伴随状况等。表示时间关系的分词短语有时可由连词while 或when 引出。如：‎ Hearing the news, they got excited. (时间)‎ Be careful while / when crossing the street. (时间)‎ Having been bitten by a snake, she was frightened at it. (原因)‎ Given a chance, I can surprise the world. (条件)‎ The cup dropped to the ground, breaking into pieces. (结果)‎ Having been told many times, he still repeated the same mistake. (让步)‎ The teacher came into the lab, followed by some students. (伴随状况)‎ ‎4．独立成分作状语 有些分词短语，其形式的选择不受上下文的影响，称作独立成分。常见的有：‎ Generally speaking … 一般说来 Frankly speaking … 坦白地说 Judging from … 根据……来判断 Considering … 考虑到……‎ To tell you the truth … 说实话 清单五 非谓语动词其它用法 一、疑问词 + 不定式结构 疑问词（who, which, when, where, how, what等）+ 不定式，这个结构在句中起名词作用，可充当主语、表语、宾语。如：‎ I didn’t know what to do. (宾语)‎ When to hold the meeting is not known yet. (主语)‎ My question was how to get so many books. (表语)‎ 注意句型：Why not do sth. ? Why do sth. ?‎ 二、不定式的主动和被动 ‎1．不定式修饰的名词或代词和不定式逻辑上构成主谓关系时，不定式往往用主动形式。如：‎ Do you have a knife to cut the watermelon ?‎ ‎(A knife cuts the watermelon.)‎ ‎2．不定式和它前面被修饰的名词或代词构成逻辑上的动宾关系，又和该句主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系时，不定式常用主动形式。如：‎ She has a sister to look after. (She looks after her sister.)‎ I know what to do. (I do what.)‎ ‎3．不定式作表语形容词的关语，和句中主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系时，不定式多用主动形式，这是因为人们往往认为形容词后省去了for sb. 。如：‎ This book is difficult to understand. ‎ This kind of fish is nice to eat. ‎ ‎4．在there be ‎ 结构中，当说话人考虑的是必须有人去完成某件事时，不定式用主动形式；如果说话人强调的事情本身必须被完成，则用被动形式。如：‎ There is a lot of work to do. (Someone has to do the work. )‎ There is a lot of work to be done. (The work has to be done. )‎ 请注意下面两个句子的含义的不同点：‎ There is nothing to do. (无事可做，感到十分乏味。)‎ There is nothing to be done. (某东西坏了，无法使之恢复正常。)‎ 三、不定式符号to 的保留问题 有时为了避免重复，可以用to 来代替前面的不定式，这种情况出现在下列动词之后：expect, hope, wish, mean, prefer, care, forget, want, try；或出现在be glad / happy, would like / love 等的后面。‎ 如果在省略的不定式结构中含有：be, have, have been，这些词要保留。如：‎ I haven’t been to Hong Kong, but I wish to. ‎ ‎— Are you on holiday ? ‎ ‎— No, but I’d like to be. ‎ ‎— I didn’t tell him the news. 我没有告诉他那个消息。‎ ‎— Oh, you ought to have. 噢，你本应该告诉他的。‎ 四、动名词作主语 动名词或不定式都可以在句中作主语，但在下列句型中常用动名词作主语。‎ It is / was no use / good + doing sth. ‎ It is / was not any use / good + doing sth.‎ It is / was of little use / good + doing sth. ‎ It is / was useless ‎ 如：It is no use crying over spilt milk. 覆水难收。‎ It is of little good staying up too late every day. ‎ 每天都熬夜没有什么好处 若主语和表语都是非谓语动词，应保持形式上的一致。‎ Seeing is believing. ‎ To see is to believe. ‎ 眼见为实。‎ 五、注意以下表达的意义区别 falling leaves 正在下落的树叶 fallen leaves 已经落下的树叶 boiling water 沸腾的水 boiled water 烧开过的水 developing countries 发展中国家 developed countries 发达国家 I like swimming, but I don’t like to swim this afternoon. ‎ Her job is giving piano lessons to children, but this Sunday her job is to teach the children how to dance. ‎ The girl let out a frightened cry at the sight of the snake. (The girl was frightened. ) ‎ 看到蛇，女孩尖叫起不。‎ His frightening shout scared the boys again. ‎ ‎( The shout was frightening and the boys felt frightened. )‎ 他大吼一声把那帮男孩给吓跑了。‎ 类似的还有：‎ an exciting voice 令人兴奋的声音 an excited voice 兴奋的声音 a puzzling look 令人迷惑不解的表情 a puzzled look 困惑的表情He ‎ He hunted all the shops, looking for a nice present for his girlfriend. ‎ ‎(伴随)他找遍了所有的商店，为他的女友寻来一件精英的礼物。‎ He hunted all the shops to buy a nice present for his girlfriend. ‎ ‎(目的)为给他的女友买一件精美的礼物，他跑遍了所有的商店。‎ I stayed up very late yesterday, preparing my speech. ‎ ‎(伴随)我昨晚睡得很晚，一直在准备演讲稿。‎ I got up very early this morning to prepare breakfast for my family. ‎ ‎(目的)今天早晨我起得很早以便给家人准备早餐。‎ 小试牛刀 试题（一）‎ ‎1. As we joined the big crowd I got ______ from my friends. ‎ A. separated B. spared C. lost D. missed ‎ ‎2. ______ such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river. ‎ A. Having suffered B. Suffering C. To suffer D. Suffered ‎ ‎3. Do let your mother know all the truth. She appears _____ everything. ‎ A. to tell B. to be told C. to be telling D. to have been told ‎ ‎4. I really appreciate _______ to relax with you on this nice island. ‎ A. to have had time B. having time C. to have time D. to having time ‎ ‎5. ______ at the door before entering, please. ‎ A. Knocked B. To knock C. Knocking D. Knock ‎ ‎6. Sandy could do nothing but _____ to his teacher that he was wrong. ‎ A. admit B. admitted C. admitting D. to admit ‎ ‎7. Mr Reed made up his mind to devote all he had to ______ some schools for poor children. ‎ A. set up B. setting up C. have set up D. having set up ‎ ‎8. _____ blood if you can and many lives will be saved. ‎ A. Giving B. Give C. Given D. To give ‎ ‎9. ______ from heart trouble for years, Professor white has to take some medicine with him wherever he goes. ‎ A. Suffered B. Suffering C. Having suffered D. Being suffered ‎ ‎10. In order to gain a bigger share in the international market, many state –run companies are striving _______ their products more competitive. ‎ A. to make B. making C. to have made D. having made ‎ ‎11. In some parts of London, missing a bus means _______ for another hour. ‎ A. waiting B. to wait C. wait D. to be waiting ‎ ‎12. When _____, the museum will be open to the public next year. ‎ A. completed B. completing C. being completed D. to be completed ‎ ‎13. With a lot of difficult problems ______, the newly –elected president is having a hard time. ‎ A. settled B. settling C. to settle D. being settled ‎ ‎14. The research is so designed that once ______ nothing can be cone to change it.‎ A. begins B. having begun C. beginning D. begun ‎ ‎15. Having a trip abroad is certainly for the old couple, but it remains ______ whether they will enjoy it. ‎ A. to see B. to be seen C. seeing D. seen ‎ ‎ (二)‎ ‎1. prices of daily goods ________ through a computer can be lower than store prices. ‎ A. are bought B. bought C. been bought D. buying ‎ ‎2. — Why did you go back to the shop ?‎ ‎— I left my friend ______ there. ‎ A. waiting B. to wait C. wait D. waits ‎ ‎3. The manager, ______ his factory’s products were poor in quality, decided to give his workers further training. ‎ A. knowing B. known C. to know D. being known ‎ ‎4. The man we followed suddenly stopped and looked as if ______ whether he was going in the right direction. ‎ A. seeing B. having seen C. to have seen D. to see ‎ ‎5. Mr Smith, ______ of the _____ speech, started to read a novel. ‎ A. tired; boring B. tiring; bored C. tired; bored D. tiring; boring ‎ ‎6. A cook will be immediately fired if he is found ______ in the kitchen. ‎ A. smoke B. smoking C. to smoke D. smoked ‎ ‎7. The teacher asked us _____ so much noise. ‎ A. don’t make B. not make C. not making D. not to make ‎ ‎8. _____ times, he’ll make a first –class tennis player. ‎ A. Having given B. To give C. Giving D. Given ‎ ‎9. It is believed that if a book is ______, it will surely _____ the reader. ‎ A. interested; interest B. interesting; be interested ‎ C. interested; be interesting D. interesting; interest ‎ ‎10. The discovery of new evidence led to _____. ‎ A. the thief having caught B. catch the thief ‎ C. the thief being caught D. the thief to be caught ‎ ‎11. Generally speaking, ______ according to the directions, the drug has no side effect. ‎ A. when taking B. when taken C. when to take D. when to be taken ‎ ‎12. An army spokesman stressed that all the soldiers had been ordered _____ clear warnings before firing any shots.‎ A. to issue B. being issued C. to have issued D. to be issued ‎ ‎13. He looked around and caught a man _____ his hand into the pocket of a passenger. ‎ A. put B. to be putting C. to put D. putting ‎ ‎14. I’m going to the supermarket this afternoon. Do you have anything _____?‎ A. to be buying B. to buy C. for buying D. bought ‎ ‎15. The pilot asked all the passengers on board to remain ______ as the plane was making a landing. ‎ A. seat B. seating C. seated D. to be seating ‎ ‎（三）‎ ‎1. ______ with a difficult situation, Arnold decided to ask his boss for advice. ‎ A. To face B. Having faced C. Faced D. Facing ‎ ‎2. The storm left, ______ a lot of damage to this area. ‎ A. caused B. to have caused C. to cause D. having caused ‎ ‎3. ______, the more expensive the camera, the better its quality. ‎ A. General speaking B. Speaking general C. Generally speaking D. Speaking generally ‎ ‎4. While watching television, _______. ‎ A. the doorbell rang B. the doorbell rings C. we heard the doorbell ring D. we heard the doorbell rings ‎ ‎5. “You can’t catch me !” Janet shouted, ________ away. ‎ A. To have had B. having had C. Have D. Having ‎ ‎6. It’s necessary to be prepared for a job interview. ________ the answers ready will be of great help. ‎ A. To have had B. Having had C. Have D. Having ‎7. When asked by the police, he said that he remembered _______ at the party, but not ______.‎ A. to arrive; leaving B. to arrive; to leave ‎ C. arriving; leaving D. arriving; to leave ‎ ‎8. The prize of the game show is $ 30,000 and all expenses ______ vacation to China. ‎ A. paying B. paid C. to be paid D. being paid ‎ ‎9. I couldn’t do my homework with all that noise _______.‎ A. going on B. goes on C. went on D. to go on ‎ ‎10. You should understand the traffic rule by now. You’ve had it ______ often enough. ‎ A. explaining B. to explain C. explain D. explained ‎ ‎11. I don’t want _______ like I’m speaking ill of anybody, but the manager’s plan is unfair. ‎ A. to sound B. to be sounded C. sounding D. to have sounded ‎ ‎12. He got well –prepared for the job interview, for he couldn’t risk ______ the good opportunity. ‎ A. to lose B. losing C. to be lost D. being lost ‎ ‎13. _______ into use in April 2000, the hotline was meant for residents reporting water and heating supply breakdowns. ‎ A. Put B. Putting C. Having put D. Being put ‎ ‎14. It was unbelievable that the fans waited outside the gym for three hours just ______ a look at the sports stars. ‎ A. had B. having C. to have D. have ‎ ‎15. More and more people are signing up for Yoga classes nowadays, _______ advantage of the health and relaxation benefits. ‎ A. taking B. taken C. having taken D. having been taken ‎ ‎（四）‎ ‎1. _______ such heavy loss, he businessman didn’t have the courage to go on. ‎ A. Having suffered B. Suffering C. To suffer D. Suffered ‎ ‎2. With no rain for three months and food supplies ______ out, the situation here is getting from bad to worse. ‎ A. run B. running C. to run D. to be run ‎ ‎3. Hill often attends public lectures at the University of London, chiefly _____ his English. ‎ A. to improve B. improving C. to have improved D. improved ‎ ‎4. Walking out of it with a ______ smile on his face, he turned ______ goodbye to his classmates in the classroom. ‎ A. forcing; to say B. forced; to saying C. forcing; to saying D. forced; to say ‎ ‎5. A remote –controlled bomb exploded outside a hotel yesterday, _______ at least 12 people. ‎ A. having been injured B. having injured C. injuring D. injured ‎ ‎6. It is said that Barbara’s sister fell off her bicycle on her way to school, _______ in the left leg. ‎ A. seriously damaging B. hurting badly C. breaking seriously D. badly hurt ‎ ‎7. — What’s the matter with Tim ?‎ ‎— Oh. Tim’s cellphone was left in a taxi accidentally, never _____ again. ‎ A. to find B. to be found C. finding D. being found ‎ ‎8. The car burns more fuel, but ______ all things into consideration, it’s still a good car. ‎ A. taken B. having taken C. taking D. to take ‎ ‎9. Walter offered us a lift when he was leaving the office, but our work _____, we refused the offer. ‎ A. not finishing B. had not been finished C. not having finished D. not being finished ‎ ‎10. The earthquake ______ the tsunami (海滩) happened deep under the sea, _____ more than 200,000 people. ‎ A. causing; killing B. caused; killing C. causing; killed D. caused; killed ‎ ‎11. The man opened his eyes and moved his lips, as if _____ that he had something to tell the doctor. ‎ A. saying B. having said C. to say D. to have said ‎ ‎12. Though _____ natural resources, the area is well developed. ‎ A. lacked B. lacking of C. lacking D. lacked in ‎ ‎13. What worried me most was _____ to go abroad alone. ‎ A. my not allowing B. having not allowed ‎ C. my being not allowed D. my not being allowed ‎ ‎14. It is silly of me ______ all eggs in one basket. That was the worst mistake I’ve ever made. ‎ A. to put B. to have put C. putting D. having put ‎ ‎15. My job was to wash bottles, which would then be filled with wine, or _____ the filled bottles in boxes. ‎ A. to put B. putting C. having put D. being put ‎ 上海高考翻译常见句型汇总 ‎ not … until… / Not until… / It was not until… that ‎ 1. 直到会议快要结束时他才露面。 （show up）‎ 2. 直到二十世纪初人们才学会怎样防止这种疾病的蔓延。 (prevent)‎ 3. 直到那时他才意识到他的老师是非常善解人意的。 （considerate）‎ 4. 可惜他们直到事故发生之后才采取措施防止它。‎ 5. 直到上周末收到你的来信时我们才如释负重。 （relieve）‎ The more… the more..‎ 1． 你的词汇量越大，你就感到用英语写作越容易。 (feel it + adj. to do )‎ 2． 人们普遍认为，用脑越多，思维就越活跃。 ( it is generally believed that )‎ 3． 问题发现得越早，解决起来越容易。 ‎ 4． 问题越难，我越有可能能够解决他们。 (likely)‎ 5． 我们学习得越多，将来就越能为我们国家工作的越好。‎ 6． 你练习讲英语越多，就越对你有好处。 (do sb good)‎ 7． 我们经常讨论的一个问题是：是否钱越多越幸福。‎ 8． 相对而言，孩子与父母交流越多，越不可能感到忧郁。 (suffer from)‎ No matter how / however + adj. / adv. + S + V ‎1. 不管这个新体系有多复杂，我们还是要用它。 (complicated)‎ ‎2．无论社会发展得多快，这个传统应该代代相传。 (pass on) ‎ ‎3．无论他如何努力，他似乎永远学不好物理。 ‎ ‎4．不管我们有多忙，下星期我们一定会举行一次欢送会向那些退休工人们表示敬意。(in honor of)‎ ‎5．不管天有多晚，他从不把今天必须做的事拖到明天。 (put off)‎ ‎6. 如果我们以一种强烈的意志工作，我们能够克服任何的困难，无论这个困难有多大。‎ Adj. / adv. / n. / v. + as / though + S + V 1. 虽然他很聪明，但他不愿把全部时间用在学习上。(devote…to)‎ 2. 他很累，但他还是工作到深夜。 (work late into…)‎ 3. 虽然他是个孩子，但对于这个世界他了解很多。‎ 4. 虽然我敬佩他作为一个作家，但我不喜欢他作为一个人。(admire)‎ Hardly / scarcely / barely…when no sooner … than 1. 我刚到家，电话铃就响了。‎ 2. 他一到实验室，就开始做实验。 (set out)‎ 3. 这男孩刚打开电脑，他父亲就回家了，叫他做功课。‎ 4. 他一到家就迫不及待地把好消息告诉他父母。(can’t wait…)‎ 1. Not until the meeting was almost over did he show up.‎ 2. Not until the beginning of the 20th century did people learn how to prevent the disease from spreading.‎ 3. Not until then did he realize that his teacher was very considerate / thoughtful / understanding.‎ 4. it’s a pity that they didn’t take any measures to prevent the accident until it happened.‎ 5. Not until we heard from you last week were we relieved.‎ 1. The larger vocabulary you have, the easier you’ll feel it to write in English.‎ 2. It is generally / commonly believed that the more one uses his brain, the more active his mind will be.‎ 3. The earlier the problem is found, the more easily it can be solved.‎ 4. The more difficult the problems are, the more likely I am to be able to solve them.‎ 5. The more we learn, the better we’ll be able to work for our country in the future.‎ 6. The more you practise speaking English, the more good it will do you.‎ 7. The topic we often discuss is whether the more money we have, the happier we will be.‎ 8. Relatively speaking, the more children communicate with their parents, the less likely they will suffer from depression.‎ 1． No matter how complicated the new system is, we’ll have to use it.‎ 2． However fast the society develops, this tradition should be passed on from generation to generation.‎ 3． It seems that however hard he works, he can never learn physics well.‎ 4． However busy we are, we will certainly give a farewell party in honor of those retired workers next week.‎ 5． However late it is, he never puts off what must be done today till tomorrow.‎ 6． If you work with a strong will, we can overcome any difficulty, however great it is.‎ 1. Clever as he is, he is not willing to devote all his time to his study.‎ 2. Tired as he was, he still worked late into the midnight.‎ 3. Child as he is, he knows a lot about the world.‎ 4. Much as I admire him as a writer, I don’t like him as a man.‎ 1. I had hardly reached home when the phone rang.‎ 2. No sooner had he got to the laboratory than he set out to do the experiment.‎ 3. Hardly had the boy turned on the computer when his father came home and asked him to do his lessons.‎ 4. He had hardly arrived home when he could not wait to tell his parents the good news.‎ where / wherever 1. 我已下定决心去最需要我的地方。‎ 2. 那些大学生在毕业之后会去无论他们被需要的地方。‎ 3. 众所周知，药品不应该放在孩子们可以拿到的地方。(accessible)‎ 4. 我会把这本书放在你放的地方，并在我放它的地方做个记号。(make a mark)‎ The first time = when … for the first time Every time / each time = whenever The moment / the instant = as soon as ‎ 1. 史密斯先生第一次去杭州时，就被西湖的美所打动。(strike)‎ 2. 第一次坐飞机时，飞机起降时感到不舒服是很正常的。 (it is normal …)‎ 3. 每次他妈妈叫他帮助做家务，他总是假装在看书。 ‎ 4. 每次我看到这张照片，就让我想起我的学校生活。 （remind）‎ 5. 每次在阅览室看完杂志，请放回原处。(where)‎ 6. 他高中一毕业就去了国外。‎ 7. 虽然好几年没碰到他了，但昨天我一看到他就认出他了。‎ This / It is / was the first / second time that …‎ 1. 这是他第一次独立解决这个问题。‎ 2. 这是他们第一次赢得一场正式比赛，因此每个人都欣喜若狂。‎ 3. 这是我第三次没有通过驾驶考试。‎ It will (not) be …before… （It won’t be long before…）‎ It was (not) …before…‎ 1. 不久我们就要从高中毕业了。‎ 2. 很长一段时间之后他才会回来。‎ 3. 不久一架直升机就到达现场来营救这次飞机失事的幸存者。(on the scene)‎ 4. 很长一段时间之后他才意识到了他的错。‎ 不久他就意识到了他的错。 ‎ 很快他就意识到了他的错。 (it was before long that…)‎ 5. 过了几分钟我才觉察到刚才发生的事。 （aware）‎ 6. 几年后他们在国外结了婚。‎ 7. ‎20年后他的研究成果才最终得到承认。 (recognize)‎ 8. 过了一段时间我的眼睛才适应了黑暗，能够辨别出不同的动物。(make out)‎ It is (has been)…since …‎ 1. 自从我们上次互相见面，几乎已经五年了。‎ 2. 自从我们上次碰面，似乎是一个世纪了。‎ 3. 自她四岁以来，她一直每天练习弹钢琴。‎ 1. I’ve made up my mind to go where I’ m needed most.‎ 2. Those college students will go wherever they are needed after graduation.‎ 3. As we all know, medicine should be kept where it is accessible to children.‎ 4. I will put the book where you placed it and make a mark at the place where I put it.‎ 1. The first time Mr Smith went to Hangzhou, he was struck by the beauty of the West Lake.‎ 2. When you take a plane for the first time, it is normal (for you) to feel uncomfortable while the plane is taking off or ‎ landing.‎ 1. Each time his mother asks him to do some housework, he always pretends to be reading (a book).‎ 2. Every time I see the photo, it reminds me of the school life.‎ 3. Each time you finish reading the magazine in the reading room, please put it where it was.‎ 4. He went abroad the moment he graduated from Senior High School.‎ 5. Although I haven’t met him for years, I recognized the moment I saw him.‎ 1. This is the first time that has solved the problem on his own.‎ 2. It is the first time that they had won a formal match, so everyone was wild with joy.‎ 3. It is the third time that I have failed to pass the driving test.‎ 1. It won’t be long before we graduate from Senior High School.‎ 2. It will be a long time before he comes back.‎ 3. It wasn’t long before a helicopter arrived on the scene to rescue the survivors of the plane crash..‎ 4. It was long before he realized his mistake.‎ It was not long before he realized his mistake.‎ It was before long that he realized his mistake.‎ 5. It was several minutes before I was aware of what had happened just now.‎ 6. It was several years before they got married abroad.‎ 7. It was twenty years before the result of his research was eventually recognized.‎ 8. It was some time before my eyes became used to the dark and could make out different animals.‎ 1. It is almost five years since we saw each other last time.‎ 2. It seems a century since we last met.‎ 3. She has been practicing playing the piano every day since she was four.‎ Never, Never before, Seldom, Little 1． 我从来没有意识到他有多幽默。（Never）‎ 2． 我们从来没有比现在更为自己是中国人感到自豪。（Never）‎ 3． 上海市民的环保意识从来没有像今天这么强。（Never before）‎ 4． 我很少见到像亨利这样考虑周到的人。(Seldom)‎ 5． 尽管他已经18岁了，但他很少意识到与别人交流的重要性。(Seldom)‎ 6． 他几乎不知道所发生的事。(Little)‎ Only + 状语， 倒装 1． 只有在那时， Tom才承认他错了。‎ 2． 只有在这家商店，我们才能买到如此好的家具。‎ 3． 只有当战争在1949年结束后，他才开始了新的生活。‎ 4． 只有不断学习新事物，我们才能与时共进。‎ 5． 只有通过科学的锻炼才能使人延年益寿。‎ So + adj / adv , 部分倒装 that Cl.‎ Such + n , 部分倒装that Cl. ‎ 1． 他的房间太小了，连个床都放不下。‎ 2． 他们对哲学了解很少，以至于其中大多数人根本不能理解讲座。(beyond sb)‎ 3． 时间是如此珍贵，我们不能浪费它。‎ 1． 他全神贯注于阅读以致于没有注意到我们进来。(be absorbed in…)‎ 2． 在口试中，面对两位老师，他紧张得一句话也说不出来。(face)‎ 3． 有噪音我听不清。(make oneself…)‎ 祈使句 / 名词，or / and …‎ 1. 继续努力（再努力一下）， 你将来总有一天会成功的。(sure)‎ 2. 多吃水果，你就不用担心缺少维生素。(lack)‎ 3. 听从你医生的意见，否则你的咳嗽会更糟糕。(follow)‎ The reason (why )+ 句子 / for (doing ) sth… was / is that Cl.‎ 1． 他从未想到他被拒绝的原因是不会电脑。(turn down)‎ 2． 他们成功的原因在于他们能从错误中学到东西。‎ 3． 他身体差的原因是他不太注意饮食和休息。‎ 4． 他没有参加昨晚的聚会是因为没有人告诉他。‎ 1. Never have I realized how humourous he is.‎ 2. Never have we been more proud of being Chinese than (we are) now.‎ 3. Never before have the citizens of Shanghai had such a strong sense of environmental protection.‎ 4. Seldom have I seen such a considerate person like Henry.‎ 5. Seldom does he realize the importance of communicating with others though he is already 18 years old.‎ 1. Only then did Tom admit that he was wrong.‎ 2. Only in this shop can we buy such good furniture.‎ 3. Only when / after the war was over in 1949, was he able to begin a new life.‎ 4. Only by learning the new constantly can we keep up with the times.‎ 5. Only by taking exercise in a scientific way can human beings live a long life.‎ 1． So small is his room that a bed can’t be put in.‎ 2． So little did they know about philosophy that the lecture was completely beyond most of them.‎ 3． So precious is time that we can’t afford to waste it.‎ 4． So absorbed was he in reading that he didn’t notice that we came in.‎ 5． So nervous did he feel in the oral test that he couldn’t say a word facing the two teachers.‎ 6． Such a noise was there that I couldn’t make myself heard.‎ 1． Keep working hard (Make another effort / Another effort), and you are sure to succeed someday in the future..‎ 2． Eat more fruit, and you don’t have to worry about lack of vitamins.‎ 3． Follow your doctor’s advice, or your cough will get worse.‎ 1. It never occurred to him that the reason why he was turned down was that he couldn’t use the computer.‎ 2. The reason for their success is that they can learn from their mistakes.‎ 3. the reason for his poor health was that he didn’t pay enough attention to his diet and rest.‎ 4. the reason why she didn’t attend the party last night was that nobody had told her about it.‎ It’s (high / about) time that… / (for sb) to do sth 1． 该你上床睡觉的时候了。 2. 该你下决心的时候了。‎ ‎3． 你该好好反省一下自己的所作所为。(reflect)‎ By the time…‎ 1． 到他回来为止，我将做完我的回家作业了。‎ 2． 到我回到家时，雨已经停了。‎ What moved / touched / struck sb was + N. / that ‎ What delighted sb (most) was …‎ What surprised / amazed sb was …‎ What interested / worried / troubled / disappointed sb was …‎ 1. 让我们感动的是很多人为事故中的受害者伸出了援助之手。‎ 2. 令我们大家感动的是这位科学家虽身在异乡仍心系祖国。‎ 3. 使我最高兴的是她的礼物正好就是我正想着要买的东西。‎ 4. 令父母担心的是，她已决定不吃早饭。‎ 5. 当时最鼓励我的是老师和朋友的评价。‎ 6. 目前让我头痛的是我背不出所有这些英文单词。‎ ‎1. It is time for you to go to bed. / it is time that you went to bed.‎ ‎2. It is high time that you made up your mind.‎ ‎3. It is high time that you reflected on what you have done.‎ 1. By the time he comes back, I will have finished my homework.‎ 2. By the time I came back, the rain had stopped.‎ 1． What moved / touched / struck us was that many people lent/ gave a (helping) hand to the victims in the accident.‎ 2． What has moved all of us is that the scientist always thinks of his motherland while he is abroad/ while he lives overseas.‎ 3． What delighted me most was that her present was just what I was thinking of buying myself.‎ 4． What worries her parents is that she has decided to skip breakfast. ‎ 5． What encouraged me most at that time was the comments of the teachers and friends.‎ 6． What troubles me at the moment is that I can hardly learn all these English words by heart.‎ 被动语态句子 1． 应该特别强调环保的重要性。(emphasis)‎ 2． 孩子长大后，要鼓励他们做力能所及的家务和学会如何照顾自己。(whatever)‎ 3． 必须采取积极的/ 有效的措施来防止更多的人受到爱滋病的威胁。(threaten)‎ 4． 必须立刻采取行动防止森林大火蔓延。‎ 5． 应该非常注意培养学生的学习习惯。(cultivate)‎ 6． 这些老年人在医院受到了很好的照顾。‎ 7． 应该鼓励中学生参加社区服务。‎ 8． 应该利用每一分钟来练习我们的英语。(use)‎ It is / was (in)convenient (for sb) to do sth If it is convenient to sb,‎ 1. 你从这儿到火车站很方便。‎ 2. 你明天开始工作方便吗？‎ 3. 既然你的腿目前上着石膏，你四处走动肯定很不方便。(in plaster)‎ 4. 这位科学家现在不方便对这项发明发表评论。‎ 1. 据我所知，在那个社区里购物很方便。‎ 2. 如果你方便的话，请帮我把包裹从邮局取回来。(fetch)‎ Whenever / When it comes to (doing) sth 1. 说到教育，大部分人认为是一个终生学习。（lifetime）‎ 2. Tom说他看过这部电影，但要说到细节，他却一无所知。‎ 3. 无论什么时候涉及到学数学，她就变得很紧张。‎ 4. 当涉及到决定生活目的的时候，甚至最明智的哲学家也只是在猜测。‎ It is/ was likely that…‎ Sb/ sth be likely to do…‎ 1. 会议可能下星期举行。‎ 2. 据说吸烟可能引起心脏病和其他的疾病。‎ 3. 更有可能喜欢流行歌曲的是年轻人而不是老年人。(rather than)‎ 4. 她打开电视机，但没有发现任何可能使她感兴趣的。 ‎ 5. 有可能这个新建的语音室不久将向全体师生开放。(be open to)‎ It is /was (im)possible that…/ it is (im)possible for sb to do sth 1. 从早到晚在空调房间里工作或生活可能会使人生病。‎ 2. 要想让他们彻底了解当地文化是不可能的。‎ 1． Special emphasis should be laid/ put/ place on the importance of protecting the environment.( The importance of protecting the environment should be laid special emphasis on. )‎ 2． When children grow up, they should be encouraged to do whatever housework they can do and learn how to look after themselves.‎ 3． Positive/ Effective measures must be taken to prevent more people from being threatened with AIDS.‎ 4． Immediate action must be taken to prevent the forest fire from spreading.‎ 5． Much attention should be paid to cultivating students’ study habits.‎ 6． The old people are taken good care of in the hospital.‎ 3. Middle school students should be encouraged to take part in community service.‎ 4. Every minute should be made use of to practise our English.‎ 1． It is convenient for you to go to the railway station from here.‎ 2． Will it be convenient for you to start work tomorrow?‎ 3． Since your leg is in plaster at present, it must be inconvenient for you to move around.‎ 4． It is not convenient for the scientist to make comments on this invention now.‎ 5． As far as I know, it is very convenient to do shopping in that community.‎ 6． If it is convenient to you, please fetch the parcel for me from the post office.‎ 1. When it comes to education, the majority of people believe that education is a lifetime study.‎ 2. Tom said he had seen the film, but when it came to the details, he knew nothing.‎ 3. She becomes nervous whenever it comes to learning maths.‎ 4. When it comes to determining the purpose of life, even the wisest philosophers are just guessing.‎ 1. The meeting is likely to be held next week. / it is likely that the meeting will be held next…‎ 2. It is said that smoking is likely to cause heart diseases and other diseases.‎ 1. Young people rather than old people are more likely to prefer pop songs.‎ 2. She turned on the TV, but found nothing that was likely to interest her.‎ 3. It is likely that the newly-built language lab will soon be open to all the teachers and ‎ 1． It is possible that working or living in an air-conditioned room from morning till night will cause people to get ill.‎ 2． It is impossible for them to have a thorough knowledge of the local culture.‎ It is hard to imagine / believe / foresee…‎ 1. 当别的孩子在玩耍的时候，很难想象一个学生能集中思想在课本上。‎ 2. 很难想象这位电影明星在电影界一直活跃了长达半个世纪之久。（remain）‎ 3. 很难预计她是否下周能康复。‎ 4. 我们很难预见将来，所以眼下我们要做的就是珍惜现在所有的。(cherish)‎ 5. 难以相信他一辈子除了工作没有任何业余爱好。‎ It is no /not any good /use doing ‎ 1. 牛奶打泼，哭也没用。‎ 2. 世界上没有后悔药，你应该知道重要的是你要全力避免再犯同样的错误。‎ 3. 光学不练是没用的，“熟能生巧”这句话很有道理。‎ 4. 和他们争论没有什么好处。‎ 5. 像那样谈论是没什么好处的，我们必须制定一个计划，然后加以实施。‎ There is no need (for sb) to do sth 1. 阅读时，你不必碰到每个新单词就查字典。‎ 2. 你没有不要对自己太苛刻。(be hard on)‎ 3. 既然你们已经达成协议，就没有必要求助于律师。‎ 4. 没有必要把我看作是你的老师，我们可以相互学习。‎ There is no doubt that…‎ 1． 毫无疑问，每个人都有选择自己生活方式的权利。‎ 2． 毫无疑问，政府将采取措施防止这种疾病的蔓延。‎ 3． 毫无疑问，教育应将重点放在学生的个性发展上，而不是分数上。(personality)‎ 4． 毫无疑问，她能达到目标，因为她坚信：有志者，事竟成。‎ There is no/ little possibility that.. / of doing…‎ 1. 一个小时之内完成这份试卷是不可能的。‎ 2. 不久的将来人们有可能找到石油的替代品吗？(substitute)‎ 3. 那些过多地注意荣誉和金钱的科学家不可能获得诺贝尔奖。‎ There is no / not much / any point (in) doing …‎ 1. 进一步讨论这个事没什么意义。‎ 2. 向他们埋怨没有什么意义，他们根本不会理睬。(take any notice)‎ 3. 你认为和她为鸡毛蒜皮的小事争论不休有意义吗？‎ There is no denying that …‎ 1. 不可否认，他们的生活质量每况愈下。‎ 2. 不可否认，电脑使我们的生活更方便，但也存在有一些问题。(there exist)‎ 1. It’s hard to imagine that a student can focus on his textbook while other children are playing.‎ 1. It’s hard to imagine that the film star could remain active in the film circle for as long as half a century.‎ 2. It’s hard to foresee whether she will recover next week.‎ 3. It’s hard for us to foresee the future, so what we should do at present is to cherish what we have now.‎ 4. It’s hard to believe that he hasn’t any hobby except his job all his life.‎ ‎1．It is no use crying over the spilt milk. 4．It is no good arguing with them.‎ ‎2． It is no use crying over the spilt milk and you should know what’s important is to try your best to avoid making the same mistakes once again.‎ ‎3．It is no use learning without practice. The saying “Practice makes perfect” is very true.‎ ‎5．It is no good talking like that. We must make a plan and carry it out.‎ 1． ‎ There is no need for you to look up for every new word you come across/ meet with / run into while (you are) reading / in reading.‎ ‎2.There is no need for you to be so hard on yourself.‎ 1. Now that you have reached / arrived at an agreement, there is no need to turn to the lawyer.‎ 2. There is no need to look on me as your teacher and we can learn from each other.‎ ‎1. There is no doubt that everybody has a right to choose his own way of living/ life.‎ ‎2. There is no doubt that the government will take measures to prevent this disease from spreading.‎ ‎3.There is no doubt that education should put / lay emphasis on the development of students’ personality instead of marks/ scores.‎ ‎4.There is no doubt that she can accomplish her ambition, because she firmly believes/ holds a firm belief that where there is a will, there is a way.‎ 1. There is no possibility that the examination paper can be finished within one and a half hours.‎ 2. Is there any possibility of people’s finding a substitute for oil in the near future?‎ 3. There is little possibility that the scientists who pay too much attention to honour and money will be awarded the Noble Prize.‎ 1． There is no point in discussing the issue further.‎ 2． There is not much point in complaining to them; they never take any notice.‎ 3． Do you think there is any point arguing with her over such small matters?‎ 1. There is no denying that the quality of their life has gone form bad to worse.‎ 2. there is no denying that computers make our life more convenient, but there exist some problems.‎ There happened/s to be There seemed/s to be 1． 今天下午碰巧有一个会议。‎ 2． 那只用报纸包起来的瓶子里碰巧有治压痛的药。‎ 3． 所幸爆炸发生时屋里恰好没人。‎ 4． 似乎没有理由推迟这个讲座。‎ 5． 似乎没有多大他会来的希望。‎ 6． 对提出的建议似乎没有反对意见。‎ It (so) happened/s that ‎ It seemed/s that ‎ 2. 昨天在晚会上我碰巧碰到了你上次提到的那位著名的科学家。‎ 3. 如此碰巧史密斯先生没有参加晚会因为那天他的母亲病的很重。‎ 1. 这家商店似乎属于我叔叔工作的那家公司。‎ 2. 上海的超市似乎正沿用西方国家“越大越好”的模式。‎ 3. 看来这一次部长不能对记者提出的问题避而不答了。‎ It matters much / a lot ‎ It matters little = it doesn’t matter 1． 对一名求职者而言，能否给面试官留下良好的第一印象至关重要。‎ 2． 去做值得做的事情至关重要。‎ 3． 如果你迟到，没多大关系。‎ 4． 谁提出这个建议无关紧要，只要这个建议使我们得益处。‎ What (really) matters (to sb) is ….‎ 1． 对我们来说，重要的不是赢，而是参与。‎ 2． 真正重要的是不在于别人怎样看待你，而是你怎样看待自己。‎ 3． 我们能赚多少钱无关紧要，对我们来说，重要的是保持健康。‎ not …but ‎ 1. 真正重要的不是你所说的， 而是你所做的。(it is … that )‎ 2. 使我惊讶的不是他所说的话，而是他说话的方式。‎ 3. 遇到困难时，我们需要的不是彼此埋怨，而是相互帮助。‎ It is obvious / apparent that ‎ 1. 这部电影显然不适合青少年。‎ 2. 很显然，定期进行体育锻炼对我们的健康有益处。‎ 3. 很显然，这两个国家经常的交流已加强了他们的关系。‎ 1． ‎ There happens to be a meeting this afternoon.‎ 2． There happens to be some medicine for toothache in the bottle wrapped in the newspaper.‎ 3． ‎ Fortunately there happened to be no one in the house at the time of the explosion. (Fortunately it happened that there was no one…)‎ 2. There seems to be no reason to postpone the lecture.‎ 3. There doesn’t seem to be much hope that he’ll come / of him coming.‎ 4. There seem to be no objections to the suggestion put forward by Mr. Johnson.‎ 1． It happened that at the evening party yesterday I met the famous scientist (whom) you mentioned last time.‎ 2． It so happened that Mr Smith failed to attend the party because his mother was seriously ill that day.‎ 3． It seems that the shop belongs to the company where my uncle works.‎ 4． It seems that the supermarkets in Shanghai are following the pattern of “bigger is better” form the western countries.‎ 5． It seemed that this time the minister couldn’t avoid answering the questions raised by journalists.‎ 1． It matters a lot whether a job hunter/ seeker can make a good first impression on the interviewer.‎ 2． It matters much to do what is worth doing.‎ 3． It doesn’t matter if you’re late.‎ 4． It matters little who puts forward the suggestion as long as the suggestion benefits us.‎ 1． What matters to us is not to win but to take part.‎ 1． What really natters is not how others feel about you but what you think of yourself.‎ ‎3．It doesn’t matter how much money we can earn, but what really matters to us is to keep fit / healthy.‎ 1． It is not what you say but you do that really counts / matters.‎ 2． What surprised me was not what he said but the way he said it.‎ ‎3． When we meet with difficulties, what we need is not to complain to each other but to help each other.‎ 1． It is obvious that this film is not suitable for teenagers.‎ 2． It is obvious that doing physical exercise regularly is beneficial to our health.‎ 3． It is obvious that the frequent exchanges between the two countries have strengthened their friendship.‎ Bear / keep sth in mind ‎ Bear / keep in mind that…‎ ‎1．我总是牢记我母亲所说的话。‎ ‎2．开车时， 每位驾驶员都必须牢记任何的疏忽都可能造成事故，甚至死亡。‎ ‎3．我们要牢记我国是个严重的缺水大国。‎ ‎4．我们必须牢记年轻人不经历风雨就不能见彩虹。‎ Take sth for granted ‎ Take it for granted that …‎ 1. 不要想当然的认为毕业后总能找到工作。‎ 2. 子女赡养父母是天经地义的。‎ 3. 我们经常把父母提供给我们的衣食当作理所当然的事。‎ 4. 理所当然的认为一个小孩喜欢吃任何提供给他的东西，他可能就会这样。‎ find / feel / think / consider + it + adj. / n + to do sth / that…‎ 1. 我们觉得很难赶上科技领域的迅速发展。‎ 2. 我感到教会学生尊重他国文化是我的责任。‎ 3. 我发现很有必要记一些代代相传的谚语。‎ 4. 你认为不背一个单词就能学好一门外语吗？‎ 5. 你认为把高中未毕业的孩子送到国外留学有必要吗？‎ 6. 一旦养成了抽烟的习惯，你会发现很难戒悼它。‎ Make it + adj + to do / that …‎ Make + O + adj.‎ 1. 是你的帮助使我们能在旅游季节住到一个中国人的家里。‎ 2. 我感激你的好意使得这样的经历对外国学生成为可能。‎ 3. 邻居们明确表明，如果约翰继续播放摇滚乐直到深夜，他们要向警方投诉。‎ 4. 随着现代科技的发展，太空勘探已成可能。‎ 5. 我必须表明清楚我不去那儿。‎ Make it a rule to do / that …‎ 1． 他们已经形成规律每隔一周聚会一次交流收集到的信息。‎ 2． 我们订了一个规则，由值日生用英语讲每日新闻。‎ 3． 这所学校规定：学生不许将手机带进校园。‎ 4． 我规定每天早上大声朗读英语。‎ 1. I always bear in mind what my mother has said to me.‎ 2. While driving every driver must bear in mind that any carelessness will cause an accident and even death.‎ 3. We must keep in mind that ours is a large country that lacks water badly.‎ 4. We must keep in mind that young people will achieve nothing without experiencing difficulties.‎ 1． Never take it for granted that you can always find a job after graduation.‎ 2． It is often taken for granted that sons and daughters should support their parents.‎ 3． We often take it for granted that our parents should provide us with clothing and food.‎ 4． Take it for granted that a child likes to eat whatever is offered to him and he probably will.‎ 1． We feel / felt it difficult to keep up with the rapid development in the field of science and technology.‎ 2． I feel it my duty to teach my students to respect other cultures.‎ 3． I find it necessary to memorize some proverbs which have been passed (on) from generation to generation.‎ 4． Do you think it possible to learn a foreign language well without learning a single word by heart?‎ 5． Do you think it necessary to send the children who have not graduated from senior high school to study abroad?‎ 6． Once you have formed the habit of smoking, you’ll find it hard to get rid of it.‎ 1． It was your help that make it possible for us to stay with a Chinese family during the tourist season.‎ 2． I appreciate your kindness in making such experiences possible for foreign students.‎ 3． The neighbours have make it clear that if John continues to play rock music deep into the night, they will complain to the police.‎ 4． Space exploration has been made possible with the development of modern science and technology.‎ 5． I must make it clear that I won’t go there.‎ 1. they have made it a rule to have a meeting every other week to exchange the information they have collected.‎ 2. we have made it a rule that the student on duty should tell us the daily news in English.‎ 3. the school makes it a rule that students are not allowed to take mobile phones to the campus / school.‎ 4. I make it a rule to read English aloud every morning.‎ It is up to sb to do sth 1. 这个周末去野餐还是去游泳，由你决定。‎ 2. 做广告旨在吸引消费者，但是否买一个产品还是由消费者决定。(intend)‎ 3. 我们有责任帮助那些有困难的人。‎ 4. 在大学，靠你自己去阅读和理解老师给你的材料。‎ See to it that … = make sure that …‎ 1． 离开实验室之前请务必关好门窗。‎ 2． 你最好回去确认一下所有的药瓶都严密保管。‎ 3． 我已被告知，简会负责你的计划很快投入实施。‎ It is necessary (for sb) to do …‎ 1. 把我们在学校里所学的应用到日常生活中是很有必要的。‎ 2. 大学生很有必要读一些与他们专业无关的书籍。‎ 3. 经过一段时间的努力工作，放松一下是完全必要的。‎ 4. 年长的人有必要了解年轻人在想些什么，感觉些什么。‎ It is (generally) believed / thought that…‎ 1. 人们普遍相信街头暴力的增加和电视上的恐怖片有密切的关系。‎ 2. 大家普遍相信没有必要个学生太多的作业。‎ 3. 说实话， 人们通常认为在校学习的每一门课程都各自有用。‎ I would appreciate it (very much ) if you could …‎ I appreciate one’s kindness in doing sth ‎1. 如果你能帮我一个忙我将不胜感激。‎ 2. 如果你能带我参观一下你们的校园，我将非常感谢。 ‎ 3. 我感激你为我从网上得到这么多的有关国际贸易的信息。 ‎ 4. 我感激你的好意使得这样的经历对外国学生成为可能。‎ those who…‎ ‎1.只有勇敢面对挑战的人才有可能成功。‎ ‎2.只有患过重病的人才真正明白健康对于一个人意味着什么。‎ ‎3.人们对于那些乐于帮助他人脱离困境的人总是满怀感激之情。‎ ‎4.对我们公司生产的产品感兴趣的人，请与我们联系。‎ ‎5.那些志愿去做好事的人从来不图金钱的回报，他们认为只有这样才能问心无愧。‎ ‎6.那些空难的辛存者永远忘不了那可怕的经历。‎ 1. It is up to you to decide whether to go for a picnic or to go swimming this weekend.‎ 2. Advertising is intended to attract consumers, but it is up to the consumers to decide whether to buy a product.‎ 3. ‎ It is up to us to help those in need / trouble.‎ 4. In college, it is up to you to read and understand the materials given by your teachers.‎ ‎1． Please see to it that the doors and the windows are closed before you leave the lab.‎ ‎2. you’d better go back and see to it that all the medicine bottle are under lock and key.‎ ‎3. I have been told that Jane will see to it that your plan is quickly put into practice.‎ ‎1． It is necessary for us to apply what we learn at school to our daily life.‎ ‎2. it is necessary to university students to read some books that are not related to their major.‎ ‎3. it is absolutely necessary to relax yourself after a period of hard work.‎ ‎4. it is necessary for older people to understand what young people think and feel.‎ ‎1． It is generally believed that the growth of the street violence is closely related to horror films on TV.‎ ‎2. it is generally believed that there is no need to assign too much homework to students.‎ ‎3. to tell you the truth, it is generally thought that every subject that students learn at school is useful in its own way.‎ ‎1．I would appreciate it (very much ) if you could do me a favor.‎ ‎2. I would appreciate it very much if you could show me around your campus.‎ ‎3.I appreciate your kindness in getting so much information on international trade / business for me on the Internet.‎ 1. I appreciate your kindness in making such experiences possible for foreign students.‎ ‎1.Only those who face the challenge bravely are likely to succeed.‎ ‎2.Only those who have suffered from serious illness are really aware of what health means to a person。‎ ‎3.People are always grateful to those who are ready to help others out of trouble.‎ ‎4.Those who are interested in the products made in our company, please contact us.‎ ‎5.Those who volunteer to do good deeds never ask for money in return. They think only in this way can they have a clear conscience.‎ 1． Those who survived the plane crash will never forget their horrible / frightening experience.‎ Be to blame (for sth)‎ 1． 我只能依靠你找出谁对大火造成的损失负责。‎ 2． 我认为这次失败不该怪吉姆。‎ 3． 依我看，你自己应该为这次实验的失败负责。‎ Contrary to one’s expectation / wish Contrary to what sb expected / thought,‎ 1. 与人们预料的相反，那所大学女生的比例正在下降。‎ 2. 与我们的愿望相反，我们篮球队昨天没有赢得比赛。‎ 3. 与二十年前人们的预言相反，现在越来越多的年轻人离开父母独立生活。‎ 4. 和人们的期望相反，这个学校的暴力问题的数量不降反升。‎ 5. 和我早先想的相反，菲力普已经证明是成功的。‎ With the development / increase / help / rise / improvement of…‎ 1. 随着经济的飞速发展，中国在国际事务中起着越来越大的作用。‎ 2. 随着人口的飞速增长，水资源的缺乏成了一个大问题。‎ 3. 在医生的帮助下，他父亲的重感冒已完全好了。(recover from)‎ 4. 随着超市的兴起，购物对我们来说变得越来越方便。‎ 5. 活水平的提高，越来越多的人想要周游世界。(make a tour)‎ Cannot /never …too + adj. / adv.‎ 1. 在交网络朋友时，你怎么小心也不为过。‎ 2. 做这个决定你越小心越好，由于它是如此重要。‎ 3. 吉姆聪明又谦虚，总之，我怎么表扬他也不为过。‎ 4. 我们再怎么强调保护眼睛的重要性也不为过。‎ Not necessarily 1. 一般说来，价格越高，质量越好，但这并不一定对，‎ 2. 取得大学文凭的人不一定就是人才。‎ 3. 钱越多未必越幸福，许多事实证明了这一点。‎ 4. 名气并不一定意味着成功。‎ 1． I can only depend on you to find out who is to blame for the damage caused by the great fire.‎ 2． I don’t think Jim is to blame for the failure.‎ 3． In my opinion, you yourself are to blame for the failure in the experiment.‎ 1． Contrary to what people expected, the proportion of the girl students in that university is declining .‎ 2． Contrary to our wish, our basketball team failed to win the game yesterday.‎ 3． Contrary to what was expected 20 years ago, more and more young people leave their parents and live on their own.‎ 4． Contrary to what people expected, the number of violence problems in this school has not decreased, but increased.‎ 5． Contrary to what I thought, Philip has proved to be successful.‎ 1． With the rapid development of economy, China is playing a greater role in international affairs.‎ 2． With the rapid increase in population, the lack of water resources becomes / is becoming a big problem.‎ 3． With the help of the doctors, his father has recovered from a bad cold.‎ 4． With the rise of supermarkets, it is becoming more and more convenient for us to do shopping.‎ 1. h the improvement of living conditions, more and more people want to make a tour around the world.‎ 1. You cannot be too careful when making net friends.‎ 2. you cannot be too careful in making the decision as it was so important.‎ 3. Jim is bright and modest. In a word, I can never speak too highly of him.‎ 4. we cannot emphasize the importance of protecting our eyes too much..‎ 1． Generally speaking, the higher the price is, the better the quality will be, but this is not necessarily true.‎ 2． Whoever obtains university diploma is not necessarily a talent.‎ 3． Having more money doesn’t necessarily mean you are happier, and many facts have proved it.‎ 4． Fame doesn’t necessarily mean success.‎ ‎2015上海各区二模英语翻译 ‎【宝山】‎ ‎82．在美国和加拿大， 用餐后不付小费是很失礼的事。（tip）‎ ‎83. 据报道，政府已经下定决心要解决环境污染问题。（determine）‎ ‎84. 令他惊讶的是，他的春考成绩比他期望的要好的多。(expect)‎ ‎85. 汉语是世界上最难的语言之一，学习这种语言的人就会很快发现自己遇到了挑战。(challenge)‎ ‎86. 直到真要出国了，这个年轻人才意识到自立的重要性。 (Not)‎ ‎【崇明】‎ ‎1. 我们学习英语不是为了参加考试，而是为了掌握一种交际工具。(tool)‎ ‎2. 我们应怀感恩之心善待那些爱我们并关心我们的人。(grateful)‎ ‎3. 只要你懂得如何反思自己的过错，就能从中吸取教训。(reflect)‎ ‎4. 尽管家境贫寒，但那个男孩志存高远并梦想着有朝一日能获诺贝尔奖。(Despite)‎ ‎5. 那个刚被批评的女孩哭着跑了出去，根本不知道这样其实让她的父母更伤心。(Out)‎ ‎【奉贤】‎ ‎1、我们渴望一个没有污染的星球。( free )‎ ‎2、微风吹拂着她的头发，那小女孩注视着彩蝶在花海中飞舞。（With… ）‎ ‎3、这部最近出品的电影旨在唤起人们对贫困山区儿童的关注。（mean ）‎ ‎4、他向朋友保证在任何情况下他都不会违背做一个诚实守信人的承诺。‎ ‎ （ under no circumstances ）‎ ‎5、正是高三的学习经历使我们相信无论过程多么艰难，我们的努力终将会得到回报。（ convince, pay off ）‎ ‎【虹口】‎ Translation ‎ Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the word or phrase given in the brackets. ‎ ‎82、据我所知，他们学校的面积是我们的两倍。（size.）‎ ‎83、如果你忘记通知他面试时间了该怎么办。（what if）‎ ‎84、在现代社会中，手机不仅是通讯工具，也是一种娱乐工具。（Not only…）‎ ‎85、这位经济学家在调查中发现，有些人赚的越多，消费的欲望也更强烈。（the more…）‎ ‎86、既然选手们已投入比赛，及时结果不尽如人意，你也别对其吹毛求疵了。（devote）‎ ‎【黄埔】‎ Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.‎ ‎1．这个协议将为两国的合作铺平道路。 (pave)‎ ‎2．据说那位年轻教授当众反对了校长的提议。(object)‎ ‎ ‎ ‎3．一旦那个工程师下定决心，就没有谁能说服他改变最初的决定。(once)‎ ‎ ‎ ‎4．昨天我把那台不能用的空调退还给了出售它的商店并得到了退款。(where)‎ ‎ ‎ ‎5．大卫得知要参加即将在北京举行的决赛后是如此激动以致于彻夜未眠。(So…that…)‎ ‎【闵行】‎ Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.‎ ‎82. 昨晚我很累，没做完作业就睡了。(without)‎ ‎83. 无论多忙，我们都应该经常花时间与父母说说话。(spend)‎ ‎84. 学生是否必须穿校服，校方和家长各执一词。(opinion)‎ ‎85. 虽然这种产品有利环保，但因其价格昂贵，几乎无人问津。(in favor of)‎ ‎86. 骑车不仅能让我们体格强健，还有助于我们免受日益严重的交通拥堵之苦。(suffer)‎ ‎【浦东】‎ Translation ‎ Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. ‎ ‎1. 我很难在这份菜单上找到素食。 (difficulty)‎ ‎2. 希望人人都能各抒己见，因为没有沟通就会产生误解。 (expect)‎ ‎3. 除了改善公共交通之外，拓宽道路也是缓解交通压力的有效方法。 (relieve)‎ ‎4. 显而易见，现代社会正在步入一个使机机对话变得十分便利的时代。 (when)‎ ‎5. 公司在录用新人时，应考虑其能力和工作经验等内在因素，而不应考虑其外貌及家庭背景。 (independent)‎ ‎【普陀】‎ Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.‎ ‎1、学校里约半数的学生热衷于玩手机游戏。(keen)‎ ‎2、事实证明，你尝试的越多，就越有可能提前取得成功。(the more…)‎ ‎3、他从没像现在这样渴望得到父母的理解和支持。(Never…)‎ ‎4、自从有了互联网，消费者足不出户就可以轻松买到各种心仪的商品。(access)‎ ‎5、鉴于日趋严重的环境污染，政府正呼吁市民合理处理废旧电池。(appeal)‎ ‎【徐汇】【松江】【金山】‎ Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.‎ 1. 众所周知，大量砍树对自然平衡有灾难性的影响。 （As)‎ 2. 她的父母忙于工作，因此她在年幼的时候就学会了照顾自己。(age)‎ 3. 这部滑稽的电影的确分散了我注意力，让我暂时忘记了这些难题。(which)‎ ‎ ‎ 4. 考官在面试时问了他很多问题，为的是了解他是否能胜任科学研究工作。( in order to)‎ 5. 正因为是他被任命为经理，该公司在过去的十年中迅速发展为广告业巨头。(It)‎ ‎【杨浦】‎ Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.‎ ‎1. 仔细检查作文的话，许多拼写错误是可以避免的。(check) ‎ ‎2. 花匠告诉他这种树是很难被移植的。(transplant)‎ ‎3. 李光耀（Lee Kuang Yew）去世的消息使全国陷入深深的悲痛之中。(pass)‎ ‎4. 直到最近发生了一系列空难事故后，人们才开始关注飞行员的心理健康。(Not)‎ ‎5. 养成每天看天气预报的习惯，这样你就能够应付上海变幻莫测、变化多端的天气了。（so that）‎ ‎【闸北】‎ Translation（22分）‎ Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.‎ 1． 语言运用需要足够的词汇量为基础。(base)‎ 2． 世界豪华汽车至少50%的销售依赖于快速崛起的亚洲市场。（depend）‎ 3． 无论他编造了多少借口， 他都得为因自己失误而造成的后果买单。（no matter）‎ 4． 必须清楚地意识到自己的长处和短处之后，才能合理地制定人生目标，无怨无悔地为之奋斗。(before)‎ 5． 参与本次工业展览会的观众无不对一家参展商所推广的家庭自动报警系统赞不绝口。(who)‎