高考英语复习强调句 8页

语法复习五：强调句、It的用法、省略和插入语 一、强调句 ‎（一）强调句句型 ‎ 1、陈述句的强调句型：It is/ was + 被强调部分（通常是主语、宾语或状语）+ that/ who（当强调主语且主语指人）+ 其它部分。‎ ‎ e.g. It was yesterday that he met Li Ping.‎ ‎ 2、一般疑问句的强调句型：同上，只是把is/ was提到it前面。‎ ‎ e.g. Was it yesterday that he met Li Ping?‎ ‎ 3、特殊疑问句的强调句型：被强调部分（通常是疑问代词或疑问副词）+ is/ was + it + that/ who + 其它部分？‎ ‎ e.g. When and where was it that you were born?‎ ‎ 4、强调句例句：针对I met Li Ming at the railway station yesterday.句子进行强调。‎ ‎ 强调主语：It was I that (who) met Li Ming at the railway station yesterday. ‎ ‎ 强调宾语：It was Li Ming that I met at the railway station yesterday.‎ ‎ 强调地点状语：It was at the railway station that I met Li Ming yesterday.‎ ‎ 强调时间状语：It was yesterday that I met Li Ming at the railway station.‎ ‎ 5、注意：构成强调句的it本身没有词义；强调句中的连接词一般只用that, who，即使在强调时间状语和地点状语时也如此，that, who不可省略；强调句中的时态只用两种，一般现在时和一般过去时。原句谓语动词是一般过去时、过去完成时和过去进行时，用It was … ，其余的时态用It is … 。‎ ‎（二）not … until … 句型的强调句 ‎ 1、句型为：It is/ was not until + 被强调部分 + that + 其它部分 ‎ e.g. 普通句：He didn’t go to bed until/ till his wife came back.‎ ‎ 强调句：It was not until his wife came back that he went to bed.‎ ‎ 2、注意：此句型只用until，不用till。但如果不是强调句型，till, until可通用；因为句型中It is/ was not … 已经是否定句了，that后面的从句要用肯定句，切勿再用否定句了。‎ ‎（三）谓语动词的强调 ‎ 1、It is/ was … that … 结构不能强调谓语，如果需要强调谓语时，用助动词do/ does或did。‎ ‎ e.g. Do sit down. 务必请坐。‎ ‎ He did write to you last week. 上周他确实给你写了信。‎ ‎ Do be careful when you cross the street. 过马路时，务必（千万）要小心啊！‎ ‎ 2、注意：此种强调只用do/ does和did ，没有别的形式；过去时用did ，后面的谓语动词用原形。‎ 二、It的用法 ‎（一）作人称代词 ‎ 1、it代替前面（或后面）的单数名词或分句等所表示的事物。‎ ‎ e.g. You cannot eat your cake but have it.（it代替前面的cake）‎ ‎ Although we cannot see it, there is air all around us. （it代替后面的air）‎ ‎ They say he has left town, but I don’t believe it. （it代替前面They…town分句中的情况）‎ ‎2、代替有生命但不能或不必分阴阳性的东西（包括婴儿）。‎ e.g. Yesterday we saw a big tree. It was fully twenty metres high. （it代替前面的tree）‎ ‎ The baby cried because it was hungry. （it代替前面的baby）‎ ‎ 3、在某些习惯说法中，可以代替人。‎ ‎ e.g. ---- Someone is knocking at the door, Peter. ---- Who is it? ---- It’s me.‎ ‎ ---- Who are singing? ---- It is the children.‎ ‎ ---- The light is still on in the lab. It must be the third-year students doing the experiment.‎ ‎ 4、it与one的区别：这两个词都可以代表前面说过的名词，但it用于同名同物的场合；one则用于同名异物的场合。‎ ‎ e.g. ---- Do you still have the bicycle? ---- No, I have sold it.‎ ‎ ---- Is this knife yours? ---- No. It is Xiao Zhang’s. Mine is the one on the desk.‎ ‎ 5、it与that的区别：两词都可代替某一特定名词，但that指同一类，并非同一个。‎ ‎ e.g. The climate of South China is mild（温和的）; I like it very much.（it指the climate of ‎South China）‎ ‎ The climate of South China is much better than that of Japan.（that指the climate）‎ ‎（二）作无人称代词 ‎ it作无人称代词时，除了句中找不到它所代表的词语外，另一个特点是它后面的内容都是表示天气、时间、距离、度量衡及情况等。‎ ‎ It is fine (rainy, windy, etc.).‎ ‎ It is noon.‎ ‎ It is a half hour’s walk to the factory.‎ ‎ It is eighteen square metres in area.‎ ‎ What does it matter?‎ ‎（三）作强调词，构成强调结构 ‎ 用以帮助改变句子结构，使句子的某一成分受到强调。“It is (was) + 所强调的成分 + that (who) + 其它成分。”在这个句型中，it本身没有词义。详见“一、强调句”。‎ ‎（四）引导词it作形式主语（宾语）‎ ‎ 为了使句子平衡，常采用形式主语（或宾语）it ，而把真正的主语（或宾语）置于句子后面。通常引导词it与它所代替的句子成分中间要夹有某些词。‎ ‎ e.g. It takes half an hour to go there on foot.（It与to go there on foot之间夹有takes half an hour四个词）‎ ‎ We thought it strange that Mr Smith did not come last night. （it与that从句中间夹有 strange）‎ ‎ 但有时it与所替代部分之间并不夹有其它词。‎ ‎ e.g. You may depend on it that they will support you.（因为介词on之后一般不直接接that引导的宾语从句。注意：it不是多余的，不能当作错句）‎ 练习一、强调句、It的用法 ‎1. My bike is missing. I can’t find ____ anywhere.‎ ‎ A. one B. ones C. it D. that ‎ ‎2. ---- Who’s that? ---- ____ Professor Li.‎ ‎ A. That’s B. It’s C. He’s D. This’s ‎3. ____ was Jane that I saw in the library this morning.‎ ‎ A. It B. He C. She D. That ‎4. ---- Have you ever seen a whale alive? ---- Yes, I’ve seen ____.‎ ‎ A. that B. it C. such D. one ‎5. The color of my coat is different from ____ of yours.‎ ‎ A. this B. that C. it D. one ‎6. ____ will do you good to do some exercise every morning.‎ ‎ A. It B. There C. Those D. You ‎7. We think ____ our duty to pay taxes to our government.‎ ‎ A. that B. this C. its D. it ‎8. The climate of Shanghai is better than ____ of Nanjing.‎ ‎ A. that B. it C. which D. what ‎9. ____ four years since I joined the Army.‎ ‎ A. There was B. There is C. It was D. It is ‎10. How long ____ to finish the work?‎ ‎ A. you’ll take B. you’ll take it C. will it take you D. will take you ‎11. It was through Xiao Li ____ I got to know Xiao Wang.‎ ‎ A. who B. whom C. how D. that ‎12. It was in the rice fields ____ we had our league meeting.‎ ‎ A. where B. that C. in which D. on which ‎13. It was on October 1st ____ new China was founded.‎ ‎ A. which B. when C. as D. that ‎14. Was it because he was ill ____ he asked for leave?‎ ‎ A. and B. that C. that’s D. so ‎15. Mary speaks in a low voice; ____ is difficult to know what she is saying.‎ ‎ A. it B. that C. so D. she ‎16. It was ____ I met Mr Green in Shanghai.‎ ‎ A. many years that B. many years before C. many years ago that D. many years when ‎17. ____ is not everybody ____ can draw so well.‎ ‎ A. It, all B. It, that C. There, who D. There, that ‎18. So ____ that no fish can live in it.‎ ‎ A. shallow is the lake B. the lake is shallow C. shallow the lake is D. is the lake shallow 三、省略 为了使讲话和行文简洁，句中某些成分有时可省略。省略可分以下几种情况：‎ ‎（一）简单句中的省略 ‎ 1、省略主语：祈使句中主语通常省略。其它省略主语多限于少数现成的说法。‎ ‎ e.g. (I) Thank you for your help.（括号内为省略的词语，下同）‎ ‎ (I) see you tomorrow. (It) Doesn’t matter.‎ ‎ 2、省略主谓语或主谓语的一部分。‎ ‎ e.g. (There is) No smoking. (Is there) Anything wrong? Why (do you) not say hello to him?‎ ‎ 3、省略作宾语的不定式短语，只保留to。‎ ‎ e.g. ---- Are you going there? ---- I’d like to (go there).‎ ‎ He did not give me the chance, though he had promised to (give me the chance).‎ ‎ 注意：如果该宾语是be动词或完成时态，则须在to之后加上be或have。‎ ‎ e.g. ---- Are you an engineer? ---- No, but I want to be.‎ ‎ ---- He hasn’t finished the task yet. ---- Well, he ought to have.‎ ‎ 4、省略表语。‎ ‎ e.g. ---- Are you thirsty? ---- Yes, I am (thirsty).‎ ‎ 5、同时省略几个成分。‎ ‎ e.g. Let’s meet at the same place as (we met) yesterday.‎ ‎ ---- Have you finished your work? ---- (I have) Not (finished my work) yet.‎ ‎（二）并列句中的省略 ‎ 两个并列分句中，后一个分句常省略与前一分句中相同的部分。‎ ‎ e.g. My father is a doctor and my mother (is) a nurse.‎ ‎ I study at college and my sister (studies) at high school.‎ ‎（三）主从复合句中的省略 ‎ 1、主句中有一些成分被省略。‎ ‎ e.g. (I’m) Sorry to hear that you are ill.‎ ‎ (It is a) Pity that he missed such a good chance.‎ ‎ 2、省略了一个从句或从句的一部分，用so或not（切不可用it或that）代替。‎ ‎ e.g. ---- Is he coming back tonight? ---- I think so.‎ ‎ ---- Is he feeling better today? ---- I’m afraid not.‎ ‎ 这种用法常见的有：How so? Why so? Is that so? I hope so. He said so 及I suppose not. I believed not. I hope not等。（但I don’t think so比I think not更常用）。‎ ‎（四）其它省略 ‎ 1、连词that的省略：‎ ‎①、宾语从句中常省略连词that，但也有不能省略的情况（参看“名词性从句”等有关部分）。‎ ‎ ②、在定语从句中，that在从句中作宾语时可省略。‎ ‎ ③、引导主语从句、同位语从句等的连词that一般不可省略。在表语从句中偶尔可省略。‎ ‎ 2、不定式符号to的省略 ‎ ①、并列的不定式可省去后面的to。‎ ‎ e.g. I told him to sit down and wait for a moment.‎ ‎②、某些使役动词（如let, make, have）及感官动词（如see, watch, notice, hear, feel, look at和listen to等）后面作宾语补足的不定式一定要省去to，但在被动语态中须把to复原。‎ e.g. ---- I saw the boy fall from the tree. ---- The boy was seen to fall from the tree.‎ ‎③、介词but前若有动词do，后面的不定式不带to。‎ e.g. The boy did nothing but play.‎ ‎3、在某些状语从句中，从句的主语与主句主语一致时，可省去“主语 + be”部分。（参看“状语从句”有关部分）‎ ‎4、连词if在部分虚拟条件句中可省略，但后面的语序有变化（参见“倒装句”有关部分）‎ ‎5、主句与从句各有一些成分省略。‎ e.g. The sooner (you do it), the better (it will be).‎ 四、插入语 ‎ 英语句子中（尤其在口语中）常插入一些单词、短语或者句子，用来补充某些含义。语法上称他们为“插入语”。‎ ‎（一）插入语的类型：‎ ‎ 1、单词（多是副词），如：besides, however, otherwise, therefore, though等。‎ ‎ e.g. She is looking fit, though. 他看起来倒是健康。‎ ‎ I can, however, discuss this when I see you. ‎ ‎ 2、短语 ‎ e.g. China and India, for example, are neighbours.‎ ‎ By the way, where are you from? ‎ ‎ 3、句子 ‎ e.g. He is an honest man, I believe.‎ ‎ Jack, as far as I know, isn’t clever.‎ ‎（二）插入语的位置 ‎ 通常插入语位于句中，并用逗号隔开。但有时，也可位于句首或句末（见上面例句）。也有时，并不用逗号隔开。‎ ‎ e.g. You know that I think you are wrong. 我认为，你明白你错了。‎ ‎ What on earth do you mean? 你究竟是什么意思？‎ ‎（三）插入语在句中的作用 ‎ 一般来说，插入语在句中不起主要作用。如果把插入语抽去，句子的含义不大受影响。但是，有的插入语却是句子不可缺少的一部分。‎ ‎ e.g. He got the news from nobody knows where. 他这消息谁也不知道是从哪儿得来的。‎ ‎（四）插入语的特殊用法 ‎ 下面这种复杂的特殊疑问句，也可认为包含有“插入语”。这种疑问句（有的语法书也称为“混合疑问句”或“连锁疑问句”）常用来征询对方对某一疑问点的看法、判断、认识、猜度或请求对方重复一遍说过的话。口语中出现频率极高。常用动词有say, suppose, guess, believe, consider, think, imagine 等。‎ ‎ e.g. How long did you say she would stay here?‎ ‎ When do you suppose they’ll be back?‎ ‎ How old did you think she was ‎（五）大纲中要求掌握的常用作插入语的词语 ‎ by the way 顺便说，顺便问一下；so far 到目前为止；and so on 等等；on the contrary 相反； no wonder 不足为奇；as a matter of fact 事实上；come along 快点，来吧；in other words 换句话说；as usual 如同以往；as a result 因此，结果。‎ 练习二、省略和插入语 ‎1. ---- Won’t you have another try? ---- ____.‎ ‎ A. Yes, I will B. Yes, I won’t C. Yes, I will have D. Yes, I won’t have ‎2. ---- I won’t do it any more. ---- ____?‎ ‎ A. Why don’t B. Why don’t do it any more C. Why not D. Why not do ‎3. ---- Do you think it will snow tomorrow? ---- ____.‎ ‎ A. No, I don’t think B. I don’t think C. No, I don’t so D. I don’t think so ‎4. ---- Will he fail in the exam? ---- ____.‎ ‎ A. Don’t hope to B. Let’s hope not C. Not hope so D. Let’s hope not to ‎5. ____ usual, I have forgotten something.‎ ‎ A. As B. As it is C. It’s D. That is ‎6. ____ she a man, she might be elected president.‎ ‎ A. If B. Unless C. Was D. Were ‎7. ____ I had time, I would have played it again.‎ ‎ A. If B. Unless C. Had D. When ‎8. ____ it rain tomorrow, I’d stay at home.‎ ‎ A. Should B. Would C. When D. If ‎9. I like sports and ____ my brother.‎ ‎ A. so B. so does C. so is D. so likes ‎10. Francis, ____ born in Kentucky, lived and practised law in Missouri.‎ ‎ A. was B. He was C. who is D. although ‎11. ---- Aren’t you the manager? ---- No, and I ____.‎ ‎ A. don’t want B. don’t want to C. don’t want to be D. don’t ‎12. ---- Have you fed the dog? ---- No, but ____.‎ ‎ A. I am B. I’m just going to C. I’m D. I’m just going ‎13. Your performance in the driving test didn’t reach the required standard（标准） — ____, you failed.‎ ‎ A. in the end B. after all C. in other words D. at the same time ‎14. How long ____ she would stay here?‎ ‎ A. did she say B. she said C. did D. /‎ ‎15. ____ could do such thing?‎ ‎ A. Whom do you think B. Who do you think C. Do you think whom D. Did you think who 练习三、综合训练 ‎1. John was ill. Have you heard about ____?‎ ‎ A. this B. he C. it D. the one ‎2. Hurry up! ____ getting darker and darker.‎ ‎ A. The sky is B. It’s C. Weather is D. Time is ‎ ‎3. It’s the third time ____ I have been here.‎ ‎ A. that B. when C. after D. who ‎4. It was simply for that reason ____ I wouldn’t tell him the truth.‎ ‎ A. why B. which C. so D. that ‎5. Was it in the place ____ the last emperor died?‎ ‎ A. where B. that C. which D. in which ‎6. ____ is no difference between A and B.‎ ‎ A. It B. Where C. There D. What ‎7. It ____ Mike and Mary who helped the old man several days ago.‎ ‎ A. was B. were C. are D. had been ‎8. He said, “ ____ a long way to school. ____ a long way to go yet before we arrive.”‎ ‎ A. It is, It is B. There is, There is C. There is, It is D. It is, There is ‎9. I don’t like ____ you speak to her.‎ ‎ A. the way B. the way in that C. the way which D. the way of which ‎10. If you go to Xi’an, you’ll find the palaces there more magnificent than commonly ____.‎ ‎ A. supposing B. suppose C. to suppose D. supposed ‎11. ____ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.‎ ‎ A. There B. This C. That D. It ‎12. It was about 600 years ago ____ the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made.‎ ‎ A. that B. until C. before D. when ‎13. It was not until 1920 ____ regular radio broadcast began.‎ ‎ A. while B. which C. that D. since ‎14. ---- Do you mind my taking this seat? ---- ____. A. Yes, sit down please B. No, of course not C. Yes, take it please D. No, you can’t take it ‎15. ---- I’ll be away on a business trip. Would you mind looking after my cat? --- Not at all. ____.‎ ‎ A. I’ve no time B. I’d rather not C. I’d like it D. I’d be happy to ‎16. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him _____.‎ ‎ A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not to ‎17. It was not until she came to see us ____ her mother was ill in bed.‎ ‎ A. when we knew B. that did we knew C. that we knew D. that did we know ‎18. ---- This store has such high prices. ---- I agree. Never again ____ here.‎ ‎ A. I will shop B. will I shop C. I do shop D. shop I ‎19. ____ was his kindness that everyone praised him.‎ ‎ A. It B. What C. So D. Such ‎20. ____, he would have passed the exam.‎ ‎ A. If he were to study B. If he studied hard C. Had he studied hard D. Should he study hard ‎21. ---- David has made great progress recently. ---- ____, and ____. A. So he has, so have you B. So he has, so you have C. So has he, so have you D. So has he, so you have ‎22. No sooner ____ they rushed out into the street. A. did they hear the news than ‎ ‎ B. did they hear the news when C. had they heard the news than D. had they heard the news when ‎23. He was unable to make such progress, ____.‎ ‎ A. hard as he tried B. as hard he tried C. hard he has tried D. tried hard as he