高考英语一轮复习语言知识运用训练一 13页

语言知识运用（一）‎ 完形填空 Mr. Swales was talking about what people do all day. He also wanted to find out what his students wanted to be when they __1__. He called on Billy Mitzer first.‎ ‎“My daddy works in a bank，” Billy Mitzer said. “I guess I want to work in a bank too. There's lots of __2__ in the bank.”‎ ‎“My parents have a grocery store，” Emmy Disalvo said. “Papa's behind the __3__ and Mama keeps the cash register. But I want to be an airline pilot.”‎ Jodie liked it when Mr Swales asked them __4__ like this. He was about to call on Jodie __5__ the girls in the back row burst out __6__．‎ Shirley Danes shouted, “Jodie's Daddy is a __7__！ Pee－yoo! ”‎ Everybody in the class laughed out loud. Everybody except Jodie, that is. She felt her face turn bright __8__. She looked around the whole __9__. Everyone was laughing. Some kids were __10__ holding their noses.‎ Jodie looked at Mr. Swales. He was __11__. He almost never raised his voice, but now he did.‎ ‎“Silence! I want everybody quiet this instant.”‎ The laughter stopped __12__. The sound of cars and people going by out on the street came __13__ the windows. “You should be __14__ of yourselves，” Mr Swales said. “Being a garbageman is a(n) __15__ and very useful job. We should all be __16__ to Mr. Harris.”‎ ‎“Garbage is a serious matter. I think you all owe Jodie a(n) __17__．” Mr. Swales went on. “And after that, you're all going to write Jodie's father, Mr Harris, a nice __18__ to tell him how much you appreciate what he does for all of us.”‎ Mr. Swales came to Jodie's desk and __19__ her on the shoulder. “I'm sorry this happened，” he said. “But remember, hard work done well is something to be __20__ of. There's nothing wrong with being a garbageman, absolutely not.”‎ ‎1. A. brought up B. got up C. made up D. grew up ‎2. A. information B. money C. equipment D. business ‎3. A. counter B. shelf C. door D. goods ‎ ‎4. A. chances B. problems C. questions D. suggestions ‎5. A. while B. when C. before D. because ‎6. A. complaining B. talking C. laughing D. quarrelling ‎ ‎7. A. garbageman B. driver C. salesman D. doctor ‎8. A. blue B. white C. yellow D. red ‎9. A. hospital B. classroom C. school D. market ‎10. A. even B. ever C. still D. just ‎11. A. curious B. anxious C. friendly D. angry ‎12. A. carefully B. slowly C. immediately D. completely ‎13. A. across B. from C. through D. under ‎14. A. excited B. ashamed C. worried D. disappointed ‎15. A. difficult B. dangerous C. strange D. easy ‎16. A. polite B. similar C. grateful D. familiar ‎17. A. requirement B. apology C. promise D. explanation ‎18. A. report B. article C. note D. letter ‎19. A. patted B. touched C. struck D. attacked ‎20. A. tired B. aware C. afraid D. proud 答案与解析 ‎【文章大意】　本文主要讲述了Swales先生想知道他的学生长大后想做什么工作，于是他就开始提问大家。有人想做银行家，有人想做宇航员。当问到Jodie时，同学们哄堂大笑，因为她的爸爸是一名垃圾工。Swales先生严肃地批评了嘲笑的学生，并教导他们垃圾工很辛苦，应该受到大家的尊敬和感谢。‎ ‎1. 答案　D 解析　学生们将来要做什么工作，是他们长大后发生的事情。bring up“养育； 提出”；get up“起床；起身”；make up“化妆；编造”；grow up“长大”。故答案选D项。‎ ‎2. 答案　B 解析　根据常识可知，银行里有很多钱，因此答案选B项。‎ ‎3. 答案　A 解析　根据上文语境，父母开了一家杂货店。父亲站在 ________ 后，母亲管理收银机。本题可采用排除法解题。将四个选项分别代入空格中可知，父亲在柜台后符合句意。其他三项排除。‎ ‎4. 答案　C 解析　根据上文可知，Swales先生是在问学生们长大后想做什么工作这一问题，再根据asked可知，本题答案是questions。‎ ‎5. 答案　B 解析　be about to do sth. when ...为固定句式，意为“正准备做某事，这时……”。故选B项。‎ ‎6. 答案　C 解析　根据下文中的“Everybody in the class laughed out loud.”以及文章后半部分内容可知，同学们是因为知道Jodie的爸爸是个垃圾工而嘲笑她。complain“抱怨”；quarrel“争吵”。‎ ‎7. 答案　A 解析　根据下文Swales先生说的话“Being a garbageman”可知，此处是说Jodie的爸爸是个垃圾工。‎ ‎8. 答案　D 解析　根据常识可知，害羞的时候脸会变红。因此答案选D项。‎ ‎9. 答案　B 解析　本文的故事是发生在教室里，因此，这里是指Jodie环顾了教室一圈，看到所有同学都在笑。‎ ‎10. 答案　A 解析　上句意思为“大家每个人都在笑”，本句讲到有些孩子还捏住了鼻子，在语意上是递进关系。even“甚至”，符合句意。ever“曾经”；still“仍然”；just“仅仅”。‎ ‎11. 答案　D 解析　根据下文“He almost never raised his voice, but now he did.”可知， Swales先生突然提高了说话的嗓门，且根据他说话的内容可知，Swales先生生气了。‎ ‎12. 答案　C 解析　Swales先生生气了，要求大家安静，所以学生们的笑声很快停止了。carefully“小心地”；slowly“缓慢地”；immediately“马上”；completely“完全地”。 C项符合句意。‎ ‎13. 答案　C 解析　句意：外面大街上汽车和人流经过的声音穿过窗户(传进来)。across是指从物体的表面上掠过；from指“来自于”； through指从立体空间中穿过；under“在……下方”。故答案选C项。‎ ‎14. 答案　B 解析　根据上下文语境可知，垃圾工是很辛苦又很重要的工作，我们应该心怀感激，因此学生们的嘲笑是不应该的，是应感到羞愧的。‎ ‎15. 答案　A 解析　根据常识及下文中“Garbage is a serious matter.”及“hard work done well ...”可知，做垃圾工很辛苦。其他三项不符合句意。‎ ‎16. 答案　C 解析　由上文老师说的话，垃圾工很辛苦又很重要可知，同学们要对Harris先生心存感激。‎ ‎17. 答案　B 解析　由上下文可知，Jodie的爸爸是垃圾工，同学们都嘲笑她，这是不对的，因此应该向Jodie道歉。requirement“要求”； apology“道歉”； promise“承诺”； explanation“解释”。‎ ‎18. 答案　D 解析　根据语境可知，这里表示让学生们每人给Harris先生写封信，以表达对他的欣赏和感激。report“报道”；article“文章”；note“笔记”；letter“信件”。故D项符合句意。‎ ‎19. 答案　A 解析　pat sb. on the shoulder“拍某人的肩膀”，为固定用法，且此处为拍拍肩膀以示安慰的意思，因此答案选A项。‎ ‎20. 答案　D 解析　任何难做的事情做好了都应该为之骄傲。be proud of“对……感到骄傲”，符合语境。be tired of“厌倦了……”；be aware of“知道；意识到”；be afraid of“对……害怕”。‎ 完形填空 Sixyearold Matthew Parker was in need of a kidney (肾) transplant，and his family looked all over the country for a suitable donor.Up to 80 people signed up to __1__ a living organ to the firstgrader.Coincidentally，the person chosen to donate a kidney to Matthew was his __2__，Lindesy Painter.‎ Matthew had been on the transplant machine for a __3__ time and developed antibodies (抗体) to most kidneys，so it was __4__ to find a match for him.The doctor had __5__ the family to be“realistic”and used the term“needle in a haystack”several times.‎ When __6__ were asked to be tested，Painter was the first one to sign up.__7__ the teacher learned the results，she had to get several __8__ done.She was __9__ when she got a call back saying she was a“__10__ match”．‎ Painter didn't make the __11__ lightly.She knew that Matthew needs a kidney，and she had pity __12__ anyone going through this.It was especially difficult for her to __13__ the condition __14__ one of her two sons.‎ ‎“I watch my healthy，__15__，loud，wild children running around，”she said.“Matthew deserves to __16__ a normal，healthy，active life like my boys.”‎ Matthew was so excited to __17__ that his teacher would be donating a kidney to him that he hugged her.His mother was __18__ grateful to Lindsey Painter，saying her son's donor was a“selfless”and“giving person”for __19__ her son.‎ The __20__ for the kidney donation took place in the following month.Matthew's mother said，“My son's new kidney means a special bond between student and teacher that goes far beyond the classroom.”‎ ‎1．A.give up B．give off C．give in D．give down ‎2．A.mother B．deskmate C．friend D．teacher ‎3．A.long B．short C．limited D．good ‎4．A.easy B．difficult C．convenient D．quick ‎5．A.accused B．stopped C．warned D．blamed ‎6．A.students B．doctors C．nurses D．volunteers ‎7．A.After B．Before C．When D．Until ‎8．A.tests B．preparations C．lessons D．worries ‎9．A.frightened B．pleased C．astonished D．annoyed ‎10．A.eager B．rare C．common D．perfect ‎11．A.progress B．practice C．mistake D．decision ‎12．A.for B．on C．to D．in ‎13．A.imagine B．pretend C．support D．waste ‎14．A.threatening B．occurring C．affecting D．informing ‎15．A.passive B．active C．tiring D．boring ‎16．A.suffer B．survive C．bear D．live ‎17．A.feel B．learn C．wonder D．suppose ‎18．A.deeply B．crazily C．noisily D．quietly ‎19．A.sharing B．beating C．saving D．discovering ‎20．A.operations B．packages C．stories D．struggles ‎【解题导语】本文是一篇记叙文。六岁的Matthew Parker需要合适的肾源做肾移植手术。巧合的是，在这些愿意捐肾的志愿者当中，Matthew Parker的老师是最佳人选。学生和老师被这个肾脏紧密联系在一起。‎ ‎1．A　考查动词短语辨析。根据文章第一句中的“in need of a kidney(肾) transplant”可知，Matthew ‎ Parker需要做肾脏移植手术，因此这里指有80个人愿意捐肾。give up意为“放弃，让与”，在此处指“捐出”，符合语境。故选A。‎ ‎2．D　考查名词辨析。根据倒数第二段第一句中的“his teacher would be donating a kidney to him”可知，被选定捐肾的人是Matthew Parker的老师。故选D。‎ ‎3．A　考查形容词辨析。根据本句中的“developed antibodies (抗体) to most kidneys”以及下文医生的警告可知，Matthew Parker已经等了很长时间了。long意为“长的”，符合语境。故选A。‎ ‎4．B　考查形容词辨析。根据下一句“The doctor had ________ the family to be‘realistic’ and used the term‘needle in a haystack’ several times.”可知，很难找到合适的肾源。difficult意为“困难的”，符合语境。故选B。‎ ‎5．C　考查动词辨析。根据医生所说的内容可知，医生是在警告和提醒他们。warn意为“提醒，警告”，符合语境。故选C。‎ ‎6．D　考查名词辨析。根据第一段第二句“Up to 80 people signed up to ________ a living organ to the firstgrader.”可知，此处指这些志愿者被要求做配型试验。volunteer意为“志愿者”，符合语境。故选D。‎ ‎7．B　考查连词辨析。根据语境可知，此处指老师在得知配型试验的结果之前。before意为“在……之前”，符合语境。故选B。‎ ‎8．A　考查名词辨析。根据第三段第一句中的“When ________ were asked to be tested”可知，老师在得知结果之前，已经做了几次配型试验。test意为“试验”，符合语境。故选A。‎ ‎9．C　考查形容词辨析。根据上文可知，老师之前做过配型试验，但都没有成功，因此当得知这次配型成功时，老师应该会很惊讶。astonished意为“感到惊讶的”，符合语境。故选C。‎ ‎10．D　考查形容词辨析。根据常识可知，做配型试验是为了找到最合适的肾源。perfect意为“最佳的，合适的”，符合语境。故选D。‎ ‎11．D　考查名词辨析。根据下文可知，Painter并不是轻率地就做了这个决定。make decision意为“做决定”，符合语境。故选D。‎ ‎12．B　考查固定搭配。have pity on... 是固定搭配，意为“同情……”。故选B。‎ ‎13．A　考查动词辨析。根据语境可知，此处指Painter很难想象自己的两个儿子也碰到类似的状况，因为她的孩子并没有患病。imagine意为“想象，假设”，符合语境。故选A。‎ ‎14．C　考查动词辨析。此处指Painter很难想象这种状况会影响自己的儿子。affect意为“影响”，符合语境。故选C。‎ ‎15．B　考查形容词辨析。空格处和“healthy”并列，应为褒义词。active意为“活跃的，充满活力的”，符合语境。故选B。‎ ‎16．D　考查动词辨析。live a．.. life是固定搭配，意为“过着……的生活”。故选D。‎ ‎17．B　考查动词辨析。根据语境可知，当Matthew得知是自己的老师要给他捐肾时，他非常激动。learn意为“获悉，得知”，符合语境。故选B。‎ ‎18．A　考查副词辨析。根据语境可知，Matthew的母亲非常感激Painter老师。deeply意为“很，非常”，表示程度。故选A。‎ ‎19．C　考查动词辨析。根据语境可知，Painter老师捐出自己的肾脏，挽救了Matthew的生命。save意为“挽救”。符合语境。故选C。‎ ‎20．A　考查名词辨析。根据语境可知，此处指在接下来的这个月，Matthew要做肾脏移植手术。operation意为“手术”，符合语境。故选A。‎ 语法填空 ‎(2019·福建莆田期中)Most Americans don't like to get advice from members of their family. They get advice from “strangers”. When they need advice, they __1__(rare) go to people they know. Instead, many of __2__ write letters to newspapers and magazines __3__ give advice on many different subjects __4__(include) family problems, the use of language, health, cooking, child care, clothes, and even on how to buy a house or a car.‎ Most newspapers regularly print letters from readers with problems. Along with the letters there are answers written by people who __5__(suppose) to know how to solve such problems. Some of these writers are doctors, and others are lawyers or __6__(educate). Among the writers, two women are famous. __7__ they have no special training for this kind of work, they can give the readers suitable advice because they are rich __8__ life experience and good at communicating with others. A survey was done last year about why people __9__(turn) to strangers for help and why the two women were well－received. Most people interviewed in __10__ survey said this way could help protect their privacy and the advice from the women was practical and effective.‎ 答案与解析 ‎1. 答案　rarely 解析　考查副词。空格处应用副词修饰动词“go”，故用rarely。‎ ‎2. 答案　them 解析　考查代词。空格处指代上文的“Most Americans”。故用them。‎ ‎3. 答案　which/that 解析　考查定语从句。本句中先行词是“newspapers and ‎ magazines”，指物，且在从句中作主语。故用which/that引导定语从句。‎ ‎4. 答案　including 解析　考查介词。空格后面是名词，所以这里应填介词，include的介词形式是including, 意为“包括”。‎ ‎5. 答案　are supposed 解析　考查固定短语。be supposed to do是固定短语，意为“应该做，应当做”，符合语境。因为主语是“people”，故用are supposed。‎ ‎6. 答案　educators 解析　考查名词。or是并列连词，前面是名词“lawyers”，所以后面也应该是名词的复数形式。故用educators。‎ ‎7. 答案　Although/Though/While 解析　考查连词。句意：尽管她们在这类工作方面没有接受过专门的培训，但是她们能给读者合适的建议……根据句意可知，前后句之间为让步关系。故用Although/Though/While。‎ ‎8. 答案　in 解析　考查固定短语。be rich in是固定短语，意为“在……方面丰富的”。根据语境可知，因为他们有丰富的人生经验，并且擅长和别人交流。故用in。‎ ‎9. 答案　turned 解析　考查动词的时态。根据“last year”可知，动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时。故用turned。‎ ‎10. 答案　the 解析　考查冠词。上文提到过这次调查，所以这里表示特指。故用the。‎ 语法填空 ‎(2019·绵阳市高中第一次诊断)‎ For Nigel Portman，a love of travelling began with what's called a “gap year”．In common with many other British teenagers，he chose __1__(take)a year out before settling down to study for his degree.After doing various __2__(job)to raise some money，he left home to gain some experience of life in different cultures，visiting America and Asia.The more adventurous the young person，the __3__(great)the challenge they are likely to set __4__(them)for the gap year，and for some，like Nigel，it can result in a thirst for adventure.‎ Now that his university course __5__(come)to an end，Nigel is just about to leave on a threeyear trip that will take him right around the world.What's more，he plans to make the whole journey __6__(use)only means of transport which are powered by natural energy.In other words，he'll be relying __7__(main)on bicycles and his own ‎ legs；and when there's an ocean to cross，he won't be taking a shortcut(捷径) __8__ flying aboard—he'll be joining the crew of a sailing ship，instead.‎ As well as doing some mountain climbing along __9__ way，Nigel hopes to pass on to the people he meets the environmental message __10__ lies behind the whole idea.‎ ‎【解题导语】本文主要讲述了一个大学生利用“间隔年”去旅行，以实际行动倡议环保的故事。‎ ‎1．to take　考查非谓语动词。choose to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“选择做某事”，故用不定式作宾语。‎ ‎2．jobs　考查名词复数。job是可数名词，且根据其前的定语various可知，此处应用复数形式，表示“各种工作”。‎ ‎3．greater　考查形容词比较级。根据固定句型the more...，the more...“越……越……”可知，此处用形容词比较级。‎ ‎4．themselves　考查代词。喜欢冒险的年轻人很可能给他们自己设置更大的间隔年挑战。此处与they呼应，故用反身代词作宾语。‎ ‎5．has come　考查动词时态。now that是连词，引导状语从句，意为“既然”，由此可知事情已经发生，应用完成时，且与语境中的is呼应，故用现在完成时。‎ ‎6．using　考查非谓语动词。动词use和主语he构成逻辑上的主谓关系，故此处用现在分词短语作伴随状语。‎ ‎7．mainly　考查副词。副词修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，在句子中作状语。故用副词mainly修饰谓语动词。‎ ‎8．by/through　考查介词。根据语境可知，此处表示“以……方式/方法”，与上文中的“only means of transport”呼应，故用介词by/through。‎ ‎9．the　考查冠词。along the way为固定搭配，意为“在……过程中”，符合语境，故用定冠词。‎ ‎10．that/which　考查定语从句。此处用that/which引导定语从句，在从句中作主语，修饰先行词the environmental message。‎ 短文改错 ‎(2019·宁夏银川)When I was seven years old and my sister were only four, our father was killed in an automobile accident just two week after his twenty－seventh birthday. Mom was heartbreaking. Although we were really so young to understand what was going on, but I knew life would never be quite the same. We had a nice home, plenty of that we needed, but we miss our father. About every evening we would go to our grandparents' house for visit. My grandmother had begun working part time ‎ at Kentucky Fried Chicken. His boss was a nice young man named Charles which got to know my mother and fell in love with her later.‎ 答案与解析 ‎1. 答案　were→was 解析　考查主谓一致。主语my sister是单数，谓语动词也应用单数形式was。‎ ‎2. 答案　week→weeks 解析　考查名词复数。week是可数名词，其前有数词two修饰时要用复数形式。‎ ‎3. 答案　heartbreaking→heartbroken 解析　考查形容词。heartbreaking意为“令人心碎的；伤心的”，heartbroken意为“(人) 悲伤的，心碎的”，此处要用后者。‎ ‎4. 答案　so→too 解析　考查固定句型。too ... to ...句型为“too＋形容词或副词＋to do ...”意为“太……而不能……”，它在形式上是肯定的，但在意义上是否定的。‎ ‎5. 答案　去掉but 解析　考查连词。在英语中，两个分句要用连词连接，在已经有although连接句子的情况下，but是多余的，要去掉。‎ ‎6. 答案　that→what 解析　考查连接代词。need是及物动词，用what作其宾语，同时引导宾语从句。‎ ‎7. 答案　miss→missed 解析　考查动词时态。此处讲述的是过去的事情，要用一般过去时态。‎ ‎8. 答案　在visit之前加a 解析　考查冠词。visit是可数名词，单数形式前加不定冠词a表示泛指。‎ ‎9. 答案　His→Her 解析　考查代词。her指代前文提到的my grandmother。‎ ‎10. 答案　which→who 解析　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知这是一个定语从句，先行词Charles在从句中作主语，用关系代词who。‎ 短文改错 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。‎ 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。‎ 删除：把多余的词用斜线()划掉。‎ 修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。‎ 注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；‎ ‎2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。‎ ‎(2019·潍坊市高考模拟考试)‎ Dear Sir/Madam，‎ I have received the sneakers that I buy from your online shop.With the excitement，I unwrapped the package but found something wrong with them.So I’m writing to inform you the problems.‎ First，the color of the sneakers that I want are red instead of black.Second，size 41 is too large for them.That annoys me most is that there are several little stain on one of the sneakers.They really look awfully.If putting in my situation，how would you feel?‎ I'd like to change this pair for a new one and give me the money back.‎ Looking forward to your early reply.‎ Sincerely yours，‎ Lin Ming ‎【答案】‎ Dear Sir/Madam，‎ I have received the sneakers that I from your online shop.With excitement，I unwrapped the package but found something wrong with them.So I’m writing to inform you the problems.‎ First，the color of the sneakers that I want red instead of black.Second，size 41 is too large for . annoys me most is that there are several little on one of the sneakers.They really look .If in my situation，how would you feel?‎ I'd like to change this pair for a new one give me the money back.‎ Looking forward to your early reply.‎ Sincerely yours，‎ Lin Ming 第一处：考查动词的时态。根据“I have received”可知，此处表示过去的事情，因此应用动词的过去式。‎ 第二处：考查固定搭配。with excitement是固定搭配，意为“怀着激动的心情”。‎ 第三处：考查固定搭配。inform sb.of/about sth.是固定搭配，意为“通知某人某事”。‎ 第四处：考查主谓一致。本句中，主语“the color of the sneakers that I want”的中心词是“color”，因此谓语动词应用单数。‎ 第五处：考查代词。根据语境可知，运动鞋是“我”买的，所以应是对于“我”来说41号太大了。‎ 第六处：考查连词。that虽然能够引导主语从句，但不能在从句中充当成分。本句中的主语从句中缺少主语，因此不能用that来引导。名词性从句中缺少主语、宾语、表语的时候，只能用what来引导。注意首字母大写。‎ 第七处：考查名词复数。可数名词stain前面有“several”修饰，因此要用复数形式。‎ 第八处：考查形容词。句中的“look”属于感官类动词，在句子中的用法相当于系动词，因此后面应用形容词作表语。‎ 第九处：考查动词。If引导的是条件状语从句，从句省略了主语“you”和be动词完整形式为if you were put in my situation，故将putting改为put。‎ 第十处：考查连词。根据语境可知，“我”想要换一双新的，或者给“我”退款。此处表示选择关系，而非并列关系。‎