2019高考英语一轮达标Unit4Globalwarming练题含解析新人教版选修620180917198 9页

Global warming 李仕才 一、阅读理解。‎ Priscilla Ouchidas' “energyefficient” house turned out to be a horrible dream.When she and her engineer husband married a few years ago，they built a $100 000，threebedroom home in California.Tightly sealed to prevent air leaks，the house was equipped with small doublepaned windows and several other energysaving features.Problems began as soon as the couple moved in，however.Priscilla's eyes burned.Her throat was constantly dry.She suffered from headaches and could hardly sleep.It was as though she had suddenly developed a strange illness.‎ Experts finally traced the cause of her illness.The level of formaldehyde(甲醛)gas in her kitchen was twice the maximum allowed by federal standards for chemical workers.The source of the gas? Her new kitchen cupboards and walltowall carpeting.‎ The Ouchidas are victims of indoor air pollution, which is not given sufficient attention partly because of the nation's drive to save energy.The problem itself isn't new.“The indoor environment was dirty long before energy conservation came along，” says Moschandreas, a pollution scientist at Geomet Technologies in Maryland.“Energy conservation has tended to accentuate the situation in some cases.”‎ The problem appears to be more troublesome in newly constructed homes rather than old ones.Back in the days when energy was cheap，home builders didn't worry much about unsealed cracks.Because of such leaks，the air in an average home was replaced by fresh outdoor air about once an hour.As a result，the pollutants generated in most households seldom build up to dangerous levels.‎ ‎1．It can be learned from the passage that the Ouchidas' house ________.‎ A．is well worth the money spent on its construction B．is almost perfect from the point of energy conservation C．failed to meet energy conservation standards D．was designed and constructed in a scientific way ‎2．What made the Ouchidas' new house a horrible dream?‎ A．Lack of fresh air.‎ B．Poor quality of building materials.‎ C．Gas leakage in the kitchen.‎ D．The newly painted walls.‎ ‎3．Why were cracks in old houses not a big concern?‎ ‎ A．Because indoor cleanness was not emphasized.‎ B．Because they were technically unavoidable.‎ C．Because environmental protection was more important.‎ D．Because energy used to be inexpensive.‎ ‎4．This passage is most probably taken from an article entitled “________”．‎ A．Energy Conservation B．Houses‎ ‎Building Crisis C．Air Pollution Indoors D．Traps in Building Construction ‎【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了Ouchida夫妇响应国家号召建造了节能的房子，但是因为房子密不透风，使室内缺少新鲜空气，而且甲醛含量超标，室内空气污染，导致他们的身体出现了状况。‎ 长难句分析：The Ouchidas are victims of indoor air pollution，which is not given sufficient attention partly because of the nation's drive to save energy.(第三段第一句)‎ 分析：本句是复合句。The Ouchidas are victims of indoor air pollution是主句；which引导非限制性定语从句。‎ 译文：Ouchida夫妇是室内空气污染的受害者，这没有得到足够的重视，部分原因是国家鼓励节约能源。‎ 词汇积累：equip v．配备　victim n．受害者 constantly adv.经常　sufficient adj.足够的 ‎1．B　推理判断题。Tightly sealed to prevent air leaks.the house was equipped with small doublepaned windows and several other energysaving features.(第一段第三句)‎ 译文：房子密封，防止漏气，房子配备了小的双层玻璃窗和具有其他几个节能的特点。‎ 解题思路：根据关键句可推知，从节能的角度来看，他们的房子几乎是完美的。故选B。‎ ‎2．A　推理判断题。根据第二、三段内容可推知，Ouchida夫妇的新房子缺少新鲜空气，并且甲醛含量严重超标，这也是房屋主人患病的主要原因。故选A。‎ ‎3．D　细节理解题。Back in the days when energy was cheap, home builders didn't worry much about unsealed cracks.(最后一段第二句)‎ 译文：在能源还是很便宜的时候，房屋的建造者对不密封的裂缝并不是很担心。‎ 解题思路：根据关键句可知，过去不关心房屋裂缝是因为那时能源不贵。故选D。‎ ‎4．C　推理判断题。根据文章内容可知，文章主要围绕节能造成室内污染的问题展开论述，因此Air Pollution Indoors适合做标题。故选C。‎ 二、单句语法填空 ‎1．Father is strongly opposed to ________ (go) shopping on Sunday because the streets and supermarkets are full of people.‎ 答案：going　be opposed to ... “反对……”，其中to为介词，其后应接名词、动名词作宾语。‎ ‎2．The prices of this kind of wine ranged ________ ten yuan ________ 100 yuan per bottle.‎ 答案：from; to　range from ... to ... “在某范围内变化”。‎ ‎3．Though he is less than one year old, he is strong enough to walk ________ (steady)．‎ 答案：steadily　副词作状语，在句中修饰动词walk。‎ ‎4．Do you know how the accident came ________ ?‎ 答案：about　come about “发生”。‎ ‎5．With Spring Festival approaching, prices of fruit and vegetables ________ (go) up.‎ 答案：have gone　go up “上升；增长；升起”。‎ ‎6．Quantities of money ________ (spend) in bringing up the children since they were married.‎ 答案：have been spent　“a quantity of＋名词”作主语时，谓语动词与名词的数保持一致；而“quantities of＋名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数。且由since可知应用现在完成时，再根据money与spend之间的被动关系，故填have been spent。‎ ‎7．How many times do you dine out per week ________ average?‎ 答案：on　on average “平均起来；平均来说”。句意：你平均每周在外用餐多少次？‎ ‎8．Under these ________ (circumstance), what matters most is not only our persistence but also our attitude.‎ 答案：circumstances　under these circumstances “在这些情况下”。‎ ‎9．The gap between the rich and the poor has a ________ (tend) to become wider and wider.‎ 答案：tendency　由设空前的a可知，应填名词形式，tendency “趋势；倾向”。‎ ‎10．The heavy snow can easily result ________ many accidents in winter.‎ 答案：in　result in “导致”。‎ 三、完形填空。‎ I remember that it was a few years ago that an old woman stepped into my video store，along with her daughter.The __1__ was displaying a serious state of impatience，__2__ her watch every few seconds.If the daughter had possessed a leash(绳子)，her mother would have been __3__ to it as a means of pulling her along to __4__ the rush of other shoppers.‎ Walking over，I asked __5__ I could help her.The woman smiled at me and showed me a __6__ on a piece of paper.__7__ rushing off to find the DVD for the woman，I asked her to __8__ with me so I could show her where she could find it and I wanted to enjoy her __9__ for a moment.As we walked along the back of the store，I __10__ its floor plan(分布图)：old television shows, action movies, cartoons，science fiction films etc.The woman seemed glad of the unrushed “trip” and __11__ conversation.‎ I said to her daughter，“__12__ some advice？”“Of course not，” said the daughter.“Cherish __13__，” I said.“When she's gone，it's the little __14__ that come back to you.Times like this.I know.” It was __15__.I still missed my mom and remembered the times when I'd used my impatience to make her __16__.‎ Together they made their way towards the store's resting area.They sat there for a moment，side by side，__17__ the holiday crowds.Then the daughter glanced over and immediately __18__ her mother lovingly.And slowly she placed her arm with __19__ unaccustomed affection around her mother's shoulders and __20__ guided her back into the crowd.‎ ‎1．A.merchant B．waitress C．mother D．daughter ‎2．A.fixing B．removing C．checking D．adjusting ‎3．A.fastened B．devoted C．accustomed D．applied ‎4．A.break away from B．make way for C．get along with D．keep pace with ‎5．A.when B．whether C．why D．how ‎6．A.tip B．title C．ticket D．receipt ‎7．A.Apart from B．As to C．Rather than D．Regardless of ‎8．A.communicate B．jog C．trade D．walk ‎9．A.stay B．holiday C．company D．time ‎10．A.described B．blamed C．appreciated D．corrected ‎11．A.casual B．attractive C．severe D．convincing ‎12．A.Prepare B．Mind C．Lack D．Offer ‎13．A.her B．me C．herself D．yourself ‎14．A.feelings B．presents C．chances D．moments ‎15．A.reasonable B．possible C．true D．appropriate ‎16．A.desperate B．upset C．puzzled D．astonished ‎17．A.approaching B．evaluating C．observing D．expecting ‎18．A.attended B．found C．recognized D．watched ‎19．A.apparently B．suddenly C．basically D．gradually ‎20．A.accidentally B．gently C．smoothly D．randomly ‎【解题导语】本文是一篇记叙文。“我”在音像商店工作时遇到一位老母亲和女儿一起购买DVD，这个女儿行色匆匆，恨不能用绳子拉着行动迟缓的母亲。“我”让这位母亲和“我”一起寻找她想要的DVD，并建议这个女儿要珍惜母亲的陪伴。最后，她挽着母亲，走进人群中……‎ ‎【核心词汇】along with...和……一道 a state of...一种……状态 impatience n．不耐烦，无耐心　rush off赶紧去 conversation n．会话，交谈　cherish珍爱，爱护 side by side肩并肩地 unaccustomed adj.不习惯的，奇怪的，不寻常的 affection n．影响，喜爱，慈爱，感情 ‎1．D　根据上文中的“an old woman stepped into my video store, along with her daughter”可知，一位老母亲和她的女儿一起来到“我”的音像商店；结合下文中的“If the daughter had possessed...other shoppers”可知，女儿显得很不耐烦，故D项正确。A项意为“商人”；B项意为“女侍者，女服务员”。‎ ‎2．C　根据上文内容以及空处所在句中的“displaying a serious state of impatience”可知，这个女儿显得很不耐烦；据此可以判断，她不停地查看(checking)手表，故选C项。A项意为“固定，修理”；B项意为“移开，去除”；D项意为“调整，校正”。‎ ‎3．A　根据空处所在句中的“If the daughter had possessed a leash(绳子)，her mother would have been __3__ to it as a means of pulling her along”可知，如果这个女儿有一根绳子的话，她的母亲将被系在绳子的一头。A项意为“把……系在”，符合语境，故A项正确。B项意为“致力，奉献”；C项意为“使习惯”；D项意为“申请，运用”。‎ ‎4．D　根据上文及空后的“the rush of other shoppers”可以判断，如果有绳子，这个女儿将用绳子拉住她的母亲，以赶上(keep pace with)匆匆的购物人群，故选D项。A项意为“突然挣脱，逃脱”；B项意为“给……让路”；C项意为“与……融洽相处”。‎ ‎5．B　根据该空所在句中的“I asked __5__ I could help her”可知，空处引导宾语从句，作动词asked的宾语，由“I could help her”和asked可以判断，“我”问她是否需要帮忙。因此用whether引导该宾语从句，故B项正确。‎ ‎6．B　根据下文中的“find the DVD”，结合该空所在句“The woman smiled at me and showed me a __6__ on a piece of paper”可知，这位母亲微笑着递给“我”一张写有名称的纸。B项意为“名称，标题”，符合语境，故B项正确。A项意为“建议”，C项意为“票”，D项意为“收据”，都与语境不符。‎ ‎7．C　根据该空所在句中的“I asked her to __8__ with me so I could show her where she could find it”可知，“我”让她和“我”一起走(walk)以便“我”能让她知道她在哪里可以找到她需要的DVD；据此可以判断，“我”没有急忙为她寻找。C项意为“而不是”，符合语境，故C项正确。A项意为“除……之外”；B项意为“至于”；D项意为“不管，不顾”。‎ ‎8．D　参见上题解析。下文中的“walked”亦是提示。A项意为“交流”，B项意为“慢跑”，C项意为“交易”，都与语境不符。‎ ‎9．C　根据空后的“As we walked along the back of the store”可知，“我”和她一起走着寻找她需要的DVD；结合该空所在句中的“I wanted to enjoy her __9__ for a ‎ moment”可以判断，“我”想要她陪伴(company)“我”一会儿。A项意为“停留，逗留”；B项意为“假期”。‎ ‎10．A　根据该空所在句中的“its floor plan(分布图)：old television shows，action movies，cartoons，science fiction films etc.”可知，“我”向她描述(described)着商店的商品分区情况：老的电视节目、动作片、卡通片以及科幻片等。故A项正确。B项意为“责备”；C项意为“欣赏”；D项意为“纠正”。‎ ‎11．A　根据空前的“The woman seemed glad of the unrushed‘trip’”可知，这位母亲对这次并不匆忙的购物过程感到很满意；空处与“the unrushed‘trip’”，相呼应，据此可以判断，该处表示“轻松随意的交谈”。A项意为“轻松的，随意的”，符合语境，故A项正确。B项意为“吸引人的”；C项意为“严厉的，严肃的”；D项意为“使人信服的”。‎ ‎12．B　根据这个女儿的回答“Of course not”可知，她不介意“我”提出建议；据此可以判断，此处表示“介意我提点建议吗？”B项意为“介意”，符合语境，故B项正确。A项意为“准备”，C项意为“缺乏”，D项意为“提供”，都与语境不符。‎ ‎13．A　根据下文中的“When she's gone，it's...to you”可知，如果她的母亲去世了，这是她可以回想起来的时刻；据此可以判断，“我”建议她珍惜她的母亲；空处作宾语，因此用宾格her，故A项正确。‎ ‎14．D　参见上题解析。D项意为“时刻”，符合语境，故D项正确。A项意为“感情”，B项意为“礼物”，C项意为“机会”，都与语境不符。‎ ‎15．C　根据空后的“I still missed my mom and remembered the times when I'd used my impatience to make her __16__ ”可知，“我”仍然怀念“我”的母亲，记得“我”用不耐烦让“我”的母亲难过的日子；据此可以判断，“我”对她说的这种情况是真实的(true)。故C项正确。A项意为“合理的”；B项意为“可能的”；D项意为“适当的，恰当的，相称的”。‎ ‎16．B　参见上题解析。B项意为“难过的”，符合语境，故B项正确。A项意为“无望的，不顾一切的”，C项意为“困惑的，无法理解的”，D项意为“惊讶的”，都与语境不符。‎ ‎17．C　根据该空所在句“They sat there for a moment，side by side，__17__ the holiday crowds”可知，这对母女肩并肩坐着，注视着假日里的人群；C项意为“观察，注视”，符合语境，故C项正确。A项意为“靠近”，B项意为“评估”，D项意为“期望”，都与语境不符。‎ ‎18．D　根据该空所在句“Then the daughter glanced over and immediately __18__ her mother lovingly”可知，女儿充满爱意地看着她的母亲，D项意为“看着”，符合语境，故D项正确。A项意为“参加”，B项意为“发现”，C项意为“认识”，都与语境不符。‎ ‎19．A　根据该空所在句中的“And slowly she placed her arm with __19__ unaccustomed affection around her mother's ‎ shoulders”可知，她慢慢地将她的手臂放在母亲的肩膀上，似乎不习惯这种充满爱意的表达。A项意为“似乎”，符合语境，故A项正确。B项意为“突然地”，C项意为“基本地，主要地”，D项意为“逐渐地”，都与语境不符。‎ ‎20．B　根据语境及该空所在句中的“guided her back into the crowd”可知，她慢慢地将她的手臂放在母亲的肩膀上，然后温柔地(gently)领着她的母亲走进人群。故B项正确。A项意为“偶然地，附带地，意外地”；C项意为“平滑地，平稳地，流畅地，顺利地”；D项意为“任意地，胡乱地，随便地”。‎ 四、单句改错 ‎1．The doctor treated average of 20 patients per day.‎ ‎______________________________________________________‎ 答案：average前加an　an average of ... “平均有……”。‎ ‎2．It always take me two hours to finish my homework.‎ ‎______________________________________________________‎ 答案：take→takes　It takes/took sb. some time to do sth. “某人花费……时间做某事”，本句描述一般事实。‎ ‎3．A number of new machines were introduced from abroad, resulted in an increase in production.‎ ‎______________________________________________________‎ 答案：resulted→resulting　句中已有谓语动词were introduced且两句间无连词，故此处应用result的现在分词形式作结果状语。‎ ‎4．In the city center, we have to put up noise.‎ ‎______________________________________________________‎ 答案：up后加with　put up with “忍受”。‎ ‎5．As a result the pilots' strike, all the flights had to be cancelled.‎ ‎______________________________________________________‎ 答案：result后加of　as a result of ... “由于……”，后接名词或名词短语。‎ 五、短文改错 My father is the man I respect most.Strict as he may be，however he never fails to show her care and consideration.Once I broke a neighbor window.Seeing nobody around，I ran away immediately.When Dad came home，he noticed my uneasiness and asked me what has happened.I could only tell him a truth.Instead of scold，he praised my honesty and then encouraged me to apologize our neighbor.I learned from this incident that not only does Dad take care of my health and he also teaches me what to be a good citizen.How luckily I am to have such a good father!‎ ‎【答案】　‎ My father is the man I respect most.Strict as he may be， he never fails to show care and consideration.Once I broke a window.Seeing nobody around，I ran away immediately.When Dad came home，he noticed my uneasiness and asked me what happened.I could only tell him truth.Instead of ，he praised my honesty and then encouraged me to apologize our neighbor.I learned from this incident that not only does Dad take care of my health he also teaches me to be a good citizen.How I am to have such a good father!‎ 第一处：删除however。考查连词。在as引导的让步状语从句中，表语放句首时，从句倒装，分析句子结构可知，however多余。‎ 第二处：her→his。考查代词。与上文人称代词he保持一致，可知，此处应用形容词性物主代词his。‎ 第三处：neighbor→neighbor's。考查名词所有格形式。此处用名词所有格形式作定语，修饰名词window。‎ 第四处：has→had。考查动词时态。与asked呼应可知，此处应用过去完成时，表示过去的过去。‎ 第五处：a→the。考查冠词。tell the truth为固定词组搭配，符合语境，故用定冠词the。‎ 第六处：scold→scolding。考查动名词。介词后跟名词、代词或动名词作宾语，故用动名词scolding作介词of的宾语。‎ 第七处：our前加to。考查介词。apologize to sb.意为“向某人道歉”，为固定词组搭配，故用介词to。‎ 第八处：and→but。考查连词，not only...but also...意为“不但……而且……”，为固定结构，故用连词but。‎ 第九处：what→how。考查疑问词。与teaches呼应可知，此处表示方式，故用how。‎ 第十处：luckily→lucky。考查形容词。与I am呼应可知，此处应用形容词lucky作表语。‎