2014高考英语一轮复习综合解析训练21 9页

‎2019高考英语一轮复习综合解析训练21‎ Ⅰ. 单项填空 ‎1.— I’d rather have some wine, if you don’t mind. ‎ ‎—_______. Don’t forget that you’ll drive. ‎ A. Anything but that B. By all means C. Take it easy D. I wouldn’t say no to this ‎2. For a long time they walked without saying _______ word. John was the first to break _______ silence. ‎ A. the; a B. a; the C. a; / D. the; /‎ ‎3. — Excuse me, sir. Could you tell me how to get to the bus station? ‎ ‎— Sorry. I’m also a newcomer. You should ask, I’m afraid, _______ is a local citizen. ‎ A. anyone B. whoever C. who D. whomever ‎4. The two movie stars _______ because the movie had come out, and they didn’t have to pretend to be a couple any more. ‎ A. broke up B. dressed up C. looked up D. cheered up ‎ ‎5. Is it Torsion Theatre _______ you are going to put on the performance? ‎ A. where B. that C. which D. when ‎6. I just don’t understand _______ that leads to so many teenagers becoming so addicted to the Internet. ‎ A. why it does B. what does it C. what it is D. what is it ‎7. Most students at school hope that they can _______ activities that appeal to them after class instead of just doing their homework. ‎ A. apply for B. participate in C. stick to D. focus on ‎8. His father got him a job in a bank but soon it became clear _______ he was not fit for that kind of work. ‎ A. why B. what C. whether D. that ‎9. Mike _______ at ten o’clock, but he didn’t turn up until midday, which really disappointed all of us. ‎ A. should have arrived B. must have arrived C. needn’t have arrived D. would have arrived ‎ ‎10. —Can you give me a special discount? ‎ ‎—If you pay for the car _______, you can get a 10% discount off the original price. ‎ A. in return B. in progress C. in advance D. in addition ‎ ‎11. To save the drowning old man, the rescue workers _______ all they can over the past three hours，but in vain. ‎ A. have been doing B. do C. had done D. did ‎ ‎12. Apart from the bus arriving late, _______ else seemed to be going according to our original plan. ‎ A. everything B. nothing C. something D. anything ‎13. His essay was entirely based on the data _______ from reliable historical records.‎ A. collecting B. to collect C. collected D. having collected ‎ ‎14. Looking back on the three-year life in China，he _______ it as a milestone in his personal development. ‎ A. deserved B. promised C. declared D. valued ‎ ‎15. —What about reading English newspapers while learning English? ‎ ‎—Personally, _______. It helps a lot. ‎ A. it’s up to you B. it’s hard to say C. it depends D. it makes sense Ⅱ. 阅读理解 ‎(A)‎ Are some people born clever and others born stupid? Or is intelligence developed by our environment and our experience? Strangely enough, the answer to these questions is yes. To some degree our intelligence is given to us at birth, and no amount of education can make a genius out of a child born with low intelligence. On the other hand, a child who lives in a boring environment will develop his intelligence less than one who lives in rich and different surroundings. Thus the limits of persons’ intelligence are fixed at birth, and whether or not he reaches those limits will depend on his environment. This idea, now held by most experts, can be supported in a number of ways. ‎ It is easy to show that intelligence is to some degree something we are born with. The closer the blood relationship between two people, the closer they are likely to be intelligent. Thus if we take two unrelated people at random from population, it is likely that their degree of intelligence will be completely different. If, on the other hand, we take two twins, they are very likely to be as intelligent as each other. Relations like brothers and sisters, parents and children, usually have similar intelligence, and this clearly suggests that intelligence depends on birth. ‎ Imagine now that we take two identical twins and put them in different environments. We might send one, for example, to a university and the other to a factory where the work is boring. We would soon find differences in intelligence developing, and this shows that environment as well as birth plays a part. This conclusion is also suggested by the fact that people who live in touch with each other, but who are not related at all are likely to have similar degree of intelligence. ‎ ‎16. If a child is born with low intelligence, he can _______. ‎ A. become a genius B. not reach his intelligence in his life C. reach his intelligence limits in rich surroundings D. still become a genius if he should be given special education ‎17. In Paragraph 2, the underlined sentence “if we take two unrelated people at random from population” means “_______. ”‎ A. if we pick any two persons B. if we take out two different persons C. if we choose two persons who have relations D. if we choose two persons with different intelligence ‎18. The example of the twins going to a university and to a factory separately shows _______. ‎ A. the part that birth plays B. the importance of their relations ‎ C. the importance of their intelligence D. the role of environment on intelligence ‎19. The best title of the passage can be “_______”. ‎ A. Surroundings B. Intelligence C. Dependence on Environment D. Effect of Education ‎(B)‎ When Russell Lyons volunteered for the first time, he read Goodnight Moon to a class of San Diego preschoolers. And it wasn’t reading—he’d memorized the book and was reciting it out loud. He was 4. Still, he said it felt good up there, in front of the other kids, lending a hand. He wanted more of that feeling. ‎ Thirteen years later, he’s getting a lot of it. He’s on a five-month road trip across America—not sightseeing, but volunteering. ‎ The University City resident has spent time at an animal reserve in Utah, a women’s shelter in St. Louis, a soup kitchen in New York, a retirement home in Tucson. This week he’s in Los Angeles, at a program that supports disabled youth. ‎ ‎“I just like helping people and feeling that something I do is making a difference,‎ ‎ ” he said. He resists the idea that his “Do Good Adventure” is all that unusual. It bothers him that the media often describes young people as lazy, self-centered and materialistic. So he sees his trip as a chance to make a statement, too. “About 55 percent of teens do volunteer work, higher than the rate of adults, ” he said, according to a 2019 study. “Not everybody knows that. ”‎ Of course, some teens do volunteer work because it looks impressive on their college applications. Lyons said he mentioned his trip on his submissions. But charity work is a habit with him. Even before the cross country trip, he was volunteering about 200 hours a year at various places. He’s made sandwiches for homeless families in Washington D. C. . He’s taught math to fifth-graders in Cuernavaca‎, ‎Mexico. ‎ He gets some of that drive from his mother, Leslye Lyons, who has been involved in nonprofits for much of her life. She was there when her son “read” to the preschoolers—a memory of hers “that will never go away. ”‎ ‎20. What did Russell Lyons think of his first volunteering? ‎ A. Creative. B. Impressive. ‎ C. Persuasive. D. Imaginative. ‎ ‎21. The third paragraph is meant to _______. ‎ A. indicate Russell Lyons is working as a volunteer B. introduce some tourist attractions across ‎America C. appeal for volunteers to offer help to those in need D. show volunteers are needed in all parts of ‎America ‎22. According to Paragraph 4, Russell Lyons is against the idea that _______. ‎ A. what he has done is common B. most teens do volunteer work C. young people don’t work hard D. adults prefer to be volunteers ‎23. Russell Lyons has been doing volunteer work because _______. ‎ A. it is necessary for college applications B. he ought to keep his promise to Mom C. he likes the feeling of being praised D. it has become a natural part of his life ‎24. What does the last paragraph suggest? ‎ A. Leslye Lyons is too busy to look after her son. ‎ B. Russell Lyons is greatly influenced by his mother. ‎ C. Leslye Lyons almost earns no money all her life. ‎ D. Children are always important to their parents. ‎ 答案解析 ‎1.【解析】选A。考查情景交际。句意：——如果你不介意的话，我来点酒怎么样？—— 什么都可以，就是不能喝酒。别忘了你还要开车。根据语境可知，anything but that意为“除了酒之外什么都可以”；by all means当然可以了；take it easy 别着急，别紧张；I wouldn’t say no to this. 表示说话人愿意接受某物，同意某种做法。‎ ‎2.【解析】选B。考查冠词用法。句意：很长时间他们走路时一句话也不说。是约翰首先打破这种沉默。say a word 说一句话，用不定冠词a; break the silence意为“打破沉默”，为固定短语。‎ ‎3.【解析】选B。考查名词性从句。句意：——劳驾，先生。你能告诉我如何到达公共汽车站吗？——抱歉。我也是刚到此地。我想你应该问一个当地人。whoever在句中引导名词性从句，作ask的宾语，同时也是名词性从句的主语。I’m afraid在句中为插入语。如果用anyone要加who构成定语从句。‎ ‎4.【解析】选A。考查动词短语辨析。句意：那两个影星分手了，因为电影已经发行，他们没有必要再假装是一对夫妻了。break up 分手，结束，解散；dress up 化妆，打扮；look up 查找；cheer up 使高兴，使振作起来。‎ ‎5.【解析】选A。考查定语从句。句意：那是不是你要在那里演出的Torsion剧院？Torsion Theatre为先行词，其后所接的定语从句缺少地点状语，故选where。‎ ‎【易错提醒】定语从句和强调句是极易混淆的知识点，其中对句子结构的分析是解决这两类问题的关键，比较下面两个句子：‎ It was on the farm that she got to know her husband. ‎ ‎(=She got to know her husband on the farm. )‎ It was the farm where she got to know her husband. ‎ 能够正确区分It ‎ was/is之后是强调句中的被强调部分还是定语从句的先行词是正确解答这两个题目的关键。‎ ‎6.【解析】选C。考查强调句。句意：我就是不明白是什么导致如此多的青少年沉迷于互联网。句中understand之后的宾语从句部分为强调句的特殊疑问结构，强调句子的主语，故要用what is it that. . . ，但受宾语从句的语序影响，要将该强调句变成陈述语序，由此可知，本题的正确答案为C。‎ ‎7.【解析】选B。句意：许多在校的学生都希望能课后参加他们感兴趣的活动而不是只做作业。participate in 参加； apply for 申请；stick to 坚持; focus on 集中注意力于，专心于。‎ ‎8.【解析】选D。考查名词性从句。句意：他的父亲为他在银行找了一份工作，但是不久情况就变得非常清楚了，他并不适合那种工作。句中it为形式主语，真正的主语是由that引导的从句，其中that在从句中不充当任何成分。‎ ‎9.【解析】选A。考查情态动词。句意：迈克本来应该在十点钟到，但是直到中午他才到，这真让我们失望。should have done 本来过去应该……；must have done 过去肯定……；needn’t have done本没有必要做，但事实上做了……；would have done 用于虚拟语气中，表示对过去情况的虚拟。‎ ‎10.【解析】选C。考查介词短语。句意：——你能不能给我一个特别的折扣？——如果你提前付车钱，你可得到一个在原价基础上10%的折扣。in return 作为回报；in progress 在进行中；in advance 预先，提前，事先；in addition 另外，除此之外。‎ ‎11.【解析】选A。考查动词时态。句意：为了救那个溺水的老人，救援人员在过去的三个小时中一直在竭尽全力，但却没有任何结果。根据句子的时间状语over the past three hours可知，句子的谓语动词表示的是从过去开始到目前还在延续的动作，故要用现在完成进行时。 ‎ ‎12.【解析】选A。考查代词用法。句意：除了公共汽车晚点，其他一切似乎都在按我们最初的计划进行。everything 表示概括全部；nothing表示否定意义；something某事，某物；anything 任何事物。分析从句语境，A项正确。‎ ‎13.【解析】选C。考查非谓语动词。句意：他的论文完全基于从可靠的历史记录中收集来的资料。句中collect与data之间为被动关系，且是发生在句子谓语动作之前的动作，故要用过去分词作定语，相当于定语从句which was/had been collected from reliable historical records。 ‎ ‎14.【解析】选D。考查动词辨析。句意：回顾在中国三年的生活，他将其当做是他个人发展的里程碑来珍惜。deserve应受，应得；promise 许诺，承诺；有希望，有前途；declare 宣布；value 重视，珍视。‎ ‎15.【解析】选D。考查情景交际。句意：——学习英语时读英语报纸如何？‎ ‎——就我个人而言，这个做法很明智。很有帮助。从后面的It helps a lot. 可知，第二个说话人认同对方的观点，故要用it makes sense 是明智的，合情理的; it’s up to you 由你来决定；it’s hard to say 很难说；it depends 视情况而定。‎ ‎【文章大意】研究发现，人的智力水平从某种程度上来说一出生就已经确定了，但同时它也会受一个人所处的环境和生活经历的影响。‎ ‎16.【解析】选C。细节理解题。从文章第一段中的Thus the limits of persons’ intelligence are fixed at birth, and whether or not he reaches those limits will depend on his environment. 可知，一个天生智力水平不高的孩子如果能处于一个丰富多彩的环境中，他就可以达到他的智力极限。‎ ‎17.【解析】选A。语句理解题。从画线句子中的两个关键词unrelated及at random可知，本句意指在所有的人中随机任意挑选两个人，故选A。‎ ‎18.【解析】选D。细节理解题。第三段第一句说的是把一对同卵双胞胎置于不同的环境，而文章接着说把他们一个送进大学，而另一个送进工厂，这显然是在讨论不同环境对人的智力的影响，故选D。‎ ‎19.【解析】选B。主旨大意题。本文从学术角度对一个人智力的形成和发展进行了说明，指出人的智力水平由人一出生决定，但其开发和培养受环境影响，因此“智力”是这篇文章所要说明的主要问题，故选B。‎ ‎20.【解析】选B。推理判断题。从第一段中的He was 4. Still, he said it felt good up there, in front of the other kids, lending a hand. He wanted more of that feeling. 可知，Russell Lyons四岁时作为志愿者为学前儿童读书, 这给他留下了极深的印象。creative 有创造性的；persuasive 有说服力的；imaginative 有创造力的，与短文语境不符，故选B。‎ ‎21.【解析】选A。主旨大意题。文章第三段中提到了Russell Lyons曾经所从事过的各种志愿者工作，而在这一段的后半部分则提到他现在正在洛杉矶，从事一个支持残疾青年的项目，由此可知，本段意在表达Russell Lyons正在从事志愿者工作。‎ ‎22.【解析】选C。细节理解题。由文章第四段It bothers him that the media often describes young people as lazy, self-centered and materialistic. So he sees his trip ‎ as a chance to make a statement, too. “About 55 percent of teens do volunteer work, higher than the rate of adults, ”. . . 可知，Russell Lyons是反对所谓的年轻人都懒惰，以自我为中心和追求物质利益这种观点的。‎ ‎23.【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据文章第五段中的But charity work is a habit with him. 可知，Russell Lyons已经把从事志愿者工作当成了自己生活中的必不可少的一部分。‎ ‎24.【解析】选B。细节理解题。从文章最后一段中的He gets some of that drive from his mother, Leslye Lyons, who has been involved in nonprofits for much of her life. 可知，Russell Lyons从事志愿者工作是受到了其母亲的影响。‎