高考一轮复习高考英语语法综合训练19 9页

‎2019年高考一轮复习语法综合训练（十九）‎ 一 语法填空 A 篇 ‎ ‎【2019届内蒙古包头市九中高三下学期第二次考试】‎ The Silk Road is in the fact a relatively recent term. These ancient roads had no particular name until in the mid-nineteenth century, Baron Ferdinand von Richthofen 41． (name) the trade and communication network the Silk Road. Since then the term 42． (accept) globally.‎ In the nineteenth century, a new type if travelers stepped onto the Silk Road: archeologists and geographers, enthusiastic explorers who were eager 43． (look) for adventure. Researchers who came from many countries traveled through the Taklamakan Desert, 44． is now in Xinjiang, to explore ancient sites along the Silk Road, 45． (lead) to many discoveries and studies, and most of all, a renewed interest 46． the history of these routes.‎ Today, many historic 47． (build) and monuments still stand, marking the passage of the Silk Road through hotels ports and cities. What’s more, the long-standing legacy（遗产）of this remarkable network is reflected in 48． large number of cultures, languages, customs and religious that have developed for many years along these routes. The passage of merchants and travelers of many 49． (difference) nationalities resulted not only in commercial exchange but in a widespread and continual process of cultural interaction, 50． (obvious), it has becoming a driving force in the formation（形成）of diverse societies.‎ ‎【解析】 本文考查的社会知识类。本文主要讲述了丝绸之路是在19世纪由男爵费迪南冯李希霍芬命名的，后来全世界都接受了这个名字。丝绸之路不仅促进了商业的发展和交流，而且促进了广泛而持续的文化交流，成为多无社会的驱动力。‎ ‎41．named 考查谓语动词的时态。句意：丝绸之路实际上是一个相对较新的术语。直到十九世纪中旬，这些古老的道路才有特殊的名称，男爵费迪南冯李希霍芬给这条贸易和通信网络的路命名为丝绸之路。分析句子可知，给这条路起名（name）是在过去，故用一般过去时。‎ ‎42． has been accepted 考查固定句式。Since then(从那以后)，是现在完成时时态的标志，而名词the term（术语）是被接受，本句中要用现在完成时的被动语态，故用has been accepted。‎ ‎43．to look 考查固定搭配。句意：在十九世纪，如果游客踏上丝绸之路的一个新的类型就是热衷于探险的考古学家和地理学家。be eager to do sth为固定搭配，意为“渴望做某事”，故本小题要填to look。‎ ‎44．which 考查定语句。 句意：来自许多国家的研究者们穿过塔克拉玛干大沙漠，即现在的新疆。分析…many countries traveled through the Taklamakan Desert, ____4____ is now in Xinjiang,可知，本句是定语从句，Taklamakan Desert是先行词，在从句中作主语，塔克拉玛干大沙漠是地名，故用which。‎ ‎45．leading 考查非谓语。分析.,..the Silk Road, ____5____ (lead) to many discoveries and studies…可知，本句是的lead to（导致，引起，导致）修饰the Silk Road，二者是主动关系，因此要用动词的ing形式。故填leading。‎ ‎46．in 考查固定搭配。句意：最重要的是，人们对这些路线的历史有了新的兴趣。interest in 为“在….的兴趣”，故本小题填in。‎ ‎47．buildings 考查名词。句意：今天，许多历史悠久的建筑和纪念碑依然挺立…。根据本小题前有形容词historic，可知形容词修饰的是名词。根据句意可知是建筑物，故填buildings 。‎ ‎48．a 考查固定搭配。a large number of…为固定搭配，意为“许多，大量”，故填a ‎ ‎49．different 考查形容词作定语。句意：许多不同国籍的商人和旅行者的出现，不仅促成了商业交流，而且还促进了广泛而持续的文化交流。本小题是修饰名词nationalities（国籍），修饰名词要用形容词形式，而difference是名词，故用其形容词different。‎ ‎50．Obviously考查副词作状语。句意：很明显，它已经成为形成多元社会的驱动力。根据句意可知本句中obvious在句子中做状语。英语中一般用副词形式作状语修饰整个句子，所以要用其副词形式 obviously。‎ B篇 ‎【2019届宁夏回族自治区银川一中高三考前适应性训练】‎ I am looking at an old friend of mine.‎ He has been one of my best41．(friend )for almost 12 years. He has blessed my life with his loyalty, kindness, 42．(wise) and love since the day when I first met him. 43．doesn't matter to me that he has four legs instead of two, fur instead of clothes, and barks at me instead of talking to me.‎ As I watch my friend sleeping44．the sun, I cant help45．(think) of all the goodness he has brought into my life. He has been with me every day through good and bad times. He has always been my protector. He has always reminded me that I am loved and showed me how 46．(love)others at the same time.‎ My friend has aged far 47．(quickly)than me and had more and more health problems over the years. I am not sure how long we will be together before he 48．(pass)away from this world.‎ This 49．(wonder)dog has helped me understand that you don't have to be perfect to be loved and50．poor health and old age might affect the body but they don't have to decrease the spirit.‎ ‎【解析】本文是一篇抒情文。本文讲述了作者与其动物朋友的深厚情谊以及他从这个动物朋友身上得到的感语。‎ ‎41．考查名词单复数。句意为:近12年来，他是我最好的朋友之一。“one of＋最高级＋名词复数”表示“最……的…之一”，由于有one of 修饰，其后的名词应用复数形式。故填friends。‎ ‎42．考查词性转换。句意为：从我第一次见到他的那一天起，他就以他的忠诚、善良、智慧和爱心赐福于我的生活。设空处前后的loyalty, kindness，love都是名词，与设空处共同作with的宾语，因此，设空处也应用名词。故填wisdom。‎ ‎43．考查代词。句意为：对我来说，他有四条腿而不是两条腿，他有皮毛而不是衣服，他对着我吠叫，而不是和我说话，这没关系。 It doesn’t matter to sh．that．．为固定句型，其中that引主语从句，It为形式主语，故填It。‎ ‎44．考查介词。句意为：当我看着我的朋友在阳光下睡觉时，我不禁想起他给我的生活带来的所有好处。in the sun为固定短语，意为“在阳光下”。故填in。‎ ‎45．考查非谓语动词。句意为：当我看着我的朋友在阳光下睡觉时，我不禁想起他给我的生活带来的所有好处。can’t help doing sth．为固定搭配，意为“禁不住做某事”。故填thinking。‎ ‎46．考查非谓语动词。句意为：他总是提醒我，我是被人爱的，并同时告诉我如何去爱别人。showed me后接宾语，为“疑问词＋不定式”结构。故填to love。‎ ‎47．考查副词的比较等级。句意为：我的朋友比我老得快得多，而且这些年来他的健康问题也越来越多。根据空后的than可知，此处含有比较意义,应用比较级。quickly的比较级为more quickly。‎ ‎48．考查动词的时态。句意为：我不确定在他离开这个世界之前我们还会在一起多久。before引导时间状语从句，主句为将来时，表示将来的动作，从句应用一般现在时表将来；从句的主语为第三人称单数he，故填passes.‎ ‎49．考查词性转换。修饰名词dog，应用形容词。故填wonderful。‎ ‎50．考查宾语从句。分析句子结构可知，understand后有两个宾语从句，设空处为第二个宾语从句的引导词，从句中不缺主谓宾等成分且意义完整，设空处只在句中起连接作用。故填that并且不能省略。‎ C篇 ‎【四川省双流中学2019届高三考前第一次模拟考试此卷只装订不密封 班级 姓名 准考证号 考场号 座位号 ‎ 】‎ Parkour（跑酷）is a sport which trains people to deal with any physical obstacles in their path. It is not a competition but a physical training. A person joining in parkour is called traceur. Traceurs run along a path and use only their bodies to deal with the obstacles in the most efficient way. Parkour pays more attention to efficiency, ____41____(make) it different from the similar practice of free running. Parkour ____42____(common) includes running, jumping, climbing, rolling and other similar types of physical movements. Many teenagers think that parkour is quite ____43____ cool sport. They have great interest in it.‎ The ____44____(invent) of parkour can’t ____45____(give) to one person because many people have worked on it. A French officer developed the earlier form of parkour. The term “parkour” was first introduced by David Belle and Sebastiar Foucan in the early 1980s. ____46____ that time, they were two teenagers. This sport ____47____(become) more popular in the1990s when many films were made on it.‎ ‎___48___ makes parkour different from other sports is its power to bring people together. It allows traceurs to forget the ____49____(society) and other problems, and makes a large group work and ‎ grow together instead of competing with each other. People can benefit from parkour as it can make them stronger. Still, it also influences one’s thought process by improving self-confidence and critical-thinking skills. In this way, parkour allows one to deal with ____50____(difficulty) in daily life if he or she deals with them through parkour.‎ ‎【答案】41. making 42. commonly 43. a 44. invention 45. be given ‎ ‎46. At 47. became 48. What 49. social 50. diticulties ‎【解析】本文介绍跑酷运动。‎ ‎41. 句意：跑酷更注重效率，这使它不同于类似的自由跑步练习。此处是现在分词做自然的结果状语。可知答案为making。‎ ‎42. 副词修饰动词，故答案为commonly。‎ ‎43. 句意：很多青少年认为跑酷是一项很酷的运动。根据句意可知答案为a。‎ ‎44. 句意：跑酷的发明不可能被给予一个人，因为很多人致力于它。根据句意可知此处用名词形式，故答案为invention。‎ ‎45. 句意：跑酷的发明不可能被给予一个人，因为很多人致力于它。根据句意可知句子用含情态动词的被动语态，故答案为be given。‎ ‎46. 固定结构：at that time在那时，故答案为At。‎ ‎47. 根据in the 1990s可知句子用一般过去时态，故答案为became。‎ ‎48. 句意：使跑酷不同于其他运动的是它能把人们聚到一起。根据句意可知此处是what引导的主语从句。‎ ‎49. 句意：跑酷会让跑酷者忘记社会的和其他的烦恼。形容词修饰名词，故答案为social。‎ ‎50. 句意：跑酷允许一个人处理日常生活中出现的困难的事。根据句意可知用名词复数，故答案为difficulties。‎ ‎【名师点睛】名词性从句可以称作为主语从句，主语从句就是用来做句子的主语的。主语从句通常由连词that和whether、连接代词或连接副词以及关系代词型what引导。‎ 一、由that引导的主语从句。‎ ‎1. That he is still alive is a wonder.他还活着，真是奇迹。‎ ‎2.That we shall be late is certain.我们要晚了，这是确定无疑的。‎ 二、关系代词型what引导的主语从句。‎ ‎1. What we need is money.我们需要的是钱。‎ ‎2. What make the river more beautiful are the lotus plants growing in the water. 为河水增色的是水里的荷花。‎ 二 短文改错 A篇 ‎【2019届内蒙古包头市九中高三下学期第二次考试】‎ I am Li Hua, a Chinese student who is studied in Britain. I am writing to express my sincere appreciation to Mary, the nurse in your hospital. I had to stay in your hospital because of a traffic accident what happened last weekend. Without family or friends here, I was extreme sad and lonely. To my great joys, Mary took good care of me. She talked to me in every day and encouraged me to be strong and positive. There, I feel comfortable even if I had been at home. Thanks her professional help and care, I recovered quickly. I believe that I truly deserves praise for her kindness and professional care.‎ ‎【解析】1. studied ----- studying 考查谓语动词的时态。句意：我叫李华，是一个正在英国学习的中国学生。根据句意可知李华正在英语学习，故要用现在进行时studying，而is studied是被动语态，分析句子可知，不是被动，故studied 改为 studying ‎2. nurse前the改成a 考查冠词。句意：我写信衷心地感谢向您医院的护士玛丽。分析句意可知，玛丽是一位护士，第一次提到，又表示数量“一”，而the是定冠词，故在nurse前the改成a。‎ ‎3. what-----which/that 考查定语从句。句意：因为上周末发生了一起交通事故，我不得不住院。分析句子可知，本句是一个定语从句，先行词为a traffic accident ,在定语从句中作happened的主语，指物，在用 which/that，故把. What改为which/that ‎4. extreme-----extremely 考查副词作状语。句意：没有家人和朋友在这里，我是非常悲伤和孤独的。 分析句子可知，本句中的extreme修饰extremely形容词sad and lonely，而extreme是形容词，不能修饰形容词，副词extremely修饰形容词，故把extreme改为extremely ‎5. joys-----joy 考查固定搭配。to one’s great joy为固定搭配，意为“使某人非常高兴的是…”，故把joys改为joy ‎6. 去掉every day前的In 考查习惯用法。every day意为“每天”作状语时一般不加介词，故去掉every day前的In.‎ 时间状语前不用介词的几种情况 ‎【名师点睛】时间状语前不用介词的几种情况 介词是一种用来表示词与词、词与句之间关系的虚词，英语中时间状语通常由in, on, at, for等介词引起，但有些情况下时间状语前不用介词。现就这几种情况加以归纳。‎ ‎1. 由every, each等表示频率的副词构成的短语用做时间状语时，其前不用介词。例如：‎ Do you watch TV every day? 你们每天看电视吗？‎ ‎2. 当时间状语是today, yesterday, tomorrow, tonight, yesterday/tomorrow等不用介词。例如：‎ There was a football match yesterday evening.昨天晚上有一场足球赛。‎ ‎3.由this, that, these, those等构成的短语前不用介词。例如：‎ ‎ I'll visit my grandparents this week.这一周我要去看望我的祖父母。‎ ‎4.由形容词last，next等修饰的名词词组用作时间状语时，前面的介词一般省略。例如：‎ ‎ I saw him in the street sometime last week.上周我在街上见过他。‎ ‎7. feel---felt 考查动词的时态。本文主要讲述过去发生的事，故要用一般过去时，故把feel改为felt ‎8. even---as 考查固定搭配。句意：我感觉很舒服，就好像在家一样。even if 意为“即使”，而as if意为“仿佛，好像”。根据句意可知，本句用的是“好像”，故把even改为as ‎9. Thanks后加to 考查固定搭配。thanks to，为固定搭配，意为“幸亏 多亏，由于”。故在Thanks后加to ‎10. truly前的I----she 考查人称代词。句意：我相信，她的善良和专业护理确实值得表扬。分析句子可知，是玛丽（she）值得表扬，而不是我“I”，故truly前的I改为she B篇 ‎【2019届宁夏回族自治区银川一中高三考前适应性训练】‎ We high school students do have some growing pains, but we can get rid of it correctly and wisely. First, some students are upset their figures and looks. It's necessary and it's not important at all. We needn’t to care about them. It is one's inner beauty which matters. Second, we sometimes seems to be misunderstood by our classmates. Facing this, we can find a proper time to have a heart-to-heart talk with them, try to remove the misunderstanding. Third. we may fall after others,which makes us stressed. Actually, we can encourage ourselves to work efficient, full of determinations.‎ ‎【答案】第一处: it →them 第二处:在upset后加about/at/by第三处: necessary → unnecessary 第四处:删除to第五处: which →that第六处: seems →seem第七处:try →trying或在try前加and 第八处: after → behind第九处: efficient →efficiently第十处: determinations →determination ‎【解析】本文是一篇说明文。本文作者针对高中生如何处理成长中遇到的苦恼这一问题，给出了自己的一些建议。‎ ‎1.考查代词。此处指”处理成长中遇到的苦”,get rid of后的代词指代前一分句中的growing pains,为复数形式,应用代词them指代。故将it改为them。‎ ‎2. 考查固定短语。此处指“有些学生为他们的身材和外貌烦恼”, be upset about/at/by…为固定搭配,意为“为……烦恼”。故在 upset后加 about/at/by。‎ ‎3. 考查语义理解。该词与 not important at all 为顺承关系,由此可知此处应指“为身材和外貌烦恼是不必要的”,表示否定意义,因此,应用 unnecessary。将necessary改为 unnecessary。‎ ‎4. 考查情态动词。need为否定形式,说明need在此为情态动词,其后须跟动词原形,因此删除to。‎ ‎5. 考查强调句。本句中,去掉lt is及which后,句子结构及句意仍完整,可判断本句为强调句,强调主语 one's inner beauty,应用that。故将which改为that。‎ ‎6. 考查主谓一致。本句主语为we,因此谓语动词应用复数形式。故将seems改为 seem。‎ ‎7. 考查非谓语动词。本句中已有谓语 can find,且try前无连词连接,可判断try应用非谓语形式;try与主语we之间为主动关系,因此须用现在分词作状语。故将try改为 trying。也可在try前加and,构成并列谓语。‎ ‎8. 考查固定短语。根据本句中的 which makes us stressed可知此处指“落后于别人”。fall behind sb.为固定短语,意为“落后于某人”。故将after改为behind。‎ ‎9. 考查副词。work在此为动词,须用副词修饰。故将efficient改efficiently。‎ ‎10. 考查名词。determination意为“决心”,为不可数名词,无复数形式。特将determinations改为determination。‎ C篇 ‎【四川省双流中学2019届高三考前第一次模拟考试】‎ Last Sunday, I accompanied two of my foreign friends, Tom or Mary, around Chengdu so that they could get a feeling of the amazed city. We began by touring Kuan Zhai Alley, that is known for its traditional Chinese architecture. I know the area very good so I acted as their tour guide. For lunch, I tried some Chengdu fried sauce noodles. Tom thought that they were in particularly delicious. Soon before lunch, we went to the Research Base of Giant Panda to pay a visit to the pandas. Both Mary and Tom fall in love with the lovely pandas. We finished off the day by going shopping, and they bought some paper cuts as souvenir. It was fantastic day and I hope they will come to Chengdu again.‎ ‎【答案】1. or改为and 2.amazed改为amazing 3. that改为which 4. good改为well 5. I改为we 6. 删除in 7. before改为after 8. fall改为fell 9. souvenir改为souvenirs10. fantastic day前增加a ‎【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。本文主要讲了上周日，我陪伴我的两个外国朋友Tom和Mary在成都游玩一天，我们度过了愉快的一天。‎ 第一处：考查连词。句意：上周日，我陪伴我的两个外国朋友Tom和Mary在成都附近走走。表示并列关系，所以or改为and。‎ 第二处：考查形容词。v+ed修饰人，而v+ing修饰物，这里修饰city，所以用v+ing形式，amazed改为amazing。‎ 第三处：考查非限制性定语从句。which is known for its traditional Chinese architecture.作定语，修饰Kuan Zhai Alley，且有逗号与主句隔开，所以which is known for its traditional Chinese ‎ architecture.是一个非限制性定语从句，关系词在从句中作主语，指物，所以用which，that不能引导非限制性定语从句，that改为which。‎ 第四处：考查副词。句意：我非常了解这一地区，所以我担任他们的导游。修饰动词know，用副词，所以good改为well。‎ 第五处：考查代词。午饭时，我们吃了一些成都炒面。表示“我们”，所以I改为we。‎ 第六处：考查副词。Tom认为它们特别好吃。修饰形容词delicious，用副词，所以删除in。‎ 第七处：考查连词。句意：午饭后不久，我们去了大熊猫研究基地，去观看大熊猫。表示“在……”之后，所以before改为after。‎ 第八处：考查时态。作者在回忆往事，所以用一般过去时，fall改为fell。‎ 第九处：考查名词单复数。我们通过购物结束了这一天，并且他们买了一些剪纸作为纪念品。“一些剪纸”是复数意义，所以“纪念品”用复数，souvenir改为souvenirs。‎ 第十处：考查冠词。句意：美好的一天，并且我希望他们再次来到成都。泛指“一个极好的日子”，且fantastic的首字母发音是辅音，所以fantastic day前增加a。‎ 点睛：小题3考查非限制性定语从句。现对非限制性定语从句的用法总结如下：‎ 一、非限制性定语从句的概念 ‎ ‎　　非限制性定语从句对先行词仅起到附加修饰或说明的作用， 有时对整个主句或主句的部分内容作进一步的说明。若去掉它， 整个主句的意思不受影响。例如： ‎ ‎　　Next winter, which you will spend in Harbin, I’m sure, will be another exciting holiday． ‎ ‎　　可以肯定，你将要去哈尔滨度过的下个冬天， 将会是又一个令人兴奋的假期。 ‎ ‎　　I walked in our garden, where Tom and Jimmy were tying a big sign onto one of the trees． ‎ ‎　　我在我们的花园里漫步，在这里汤姆和吉米正把一块大标志牌绑在一棵树上。 ‎ 二、非限制性定语从句的形式 ‎ 非限制性定语从句与先行词以及主句之间的关系不甚紧密，因而通常要用逗号与主句分隔开。例如： ‎ Have you seen the film Titanic, whose leading actor is world famous? ‎ 你看过“泰坦尼克号”这部电影吗？它的男主演可是世界闻名的。 ‎ My friend, who has served on the International Olympic Committee all his life, is retiring next month． ‎ ‎　我有位朋友，他一辈子服务于国际奥林匹克委员会，下个月就要退休了。 ‎ 三、非限制性定语从句引导词的特殊情况 ‎ ‎　　1．非限制性定语从句不可用that引导， 在非限制性定语从句中用who(作主语) / whom(作宾语)指人，用which(作主语 / 宾语)指物， 用whose作定语(指人 / 物)。例如： ‎ ‎　　The famous basketball star, who tried to make a comeback, attracted a lot of attention． ‎ ‎　　这位试图打反击的著名篮球明星吸引了众人的关注。 ‎ ‎　　The film, whose director is an old man, is very instructive． ‎ ‎　　这部电影很有教育意义， 它的导演是位老人。 ‎ ‎　　2．关系代词在非限制性定语从句中作宾语时不可省略，若指人时，只用whom，不用 who。例如： ‎ ‎　　York, which I visited last year, is a nice old city． ‎ ‎　　我去年访问过的约克是个古老而美丽的城市。 ‎ ‎　　Please give the book to Jessica, whom we met in the hall just now． ‎ ‎　　请把这本书交给杰西卡，就是刚才我们在大厅里遇到的那位。 ‎ ‎　　3．非限制性定语从句不可用why引导， 需用for which替代why。例如： ‎ ‎　　None of us accepted the reason he explained, for which he was absent． ‎ ‎　　我们没有一个人接受他所解释的缺席的理由。‎