高考冠词讲义终极版 4页

英语讲义之语法篇——冠词part I. 不定冠词的用法 ‎1‎ 指一类人或事，相当于a kind of A plane is a machine that can fly.‎ ‎2‎ 第一次提及某人某物，非特指 A boy is waiting for you.有个男孩在等你。‎ ‎3‎ 表示“每一”相当于every，one We study eight hours a day.‎ ‎4‎ 表示“相同”相当于the same We are nearly of an age.‎ ‎5‎ 用于人名前，表示不认识此人或与某名人有类似性质的人或事 ‎— Hello, could I speak to Mr. Smith?‎ ‎—Sorry, wrong number. There isn't__ Mr. Smith here.‎ A. 不填 B. a C. the D. one That boy is rather a Lei Feng.（活雷锋）‎ ‎6‎ 用于固定词组中 a couple of, a bit, once upon a time, in a hurry, have a walk, many a time ‎7‎ 用于quite, rather, many, half, what, such之后 This room is rather a big one.‎ ‎8‎ 用于so(as, too, how)+形容词之后 She is as clever a girl as you can wish to meet.‎ ‎9‎ 用于抽象名词具体化的名词前 success(抽象名词)‎ ‎→a success(具体化 成功的人或事 a failure 失败的人或事 ‎ a shame 带来耻辱的人或事 a pity 可惜或遗憾的事 a must 必需的事 a good knowledge of 精通掌握某方面的知识 II. 定冠词的用法 口诀：沙漠河流与群山，列岛海峡与海湾。阶级党派国家名，组织团体和机关。‎ ‎ 方位朝代独一词，会议文件和报刊。木器建筑海洋群，定冠词可不能删。‎ ‎1‎ 表示某一类人或物 In many places in China, ___ bicycle is still ___ popular means of transportation.‎ A. a; the B. /; a C. the; a D. the; the ‎ ‎2‎ 用于世上独一无二的事物名词前 the universe, the moon, the Pacific Ocean ‎3‎ 说话双方都了解或上文提到的人或事 Would you mind opening the door? ‎ ‎4‎ 用于演奏乐器 play the violin, play the guitar ‎5‎ 用于形容词和分词前表示一类人 the reach, the living, the wounded ‎6‎ 表示“一家人”或“夫妇”（对比上文的不定冠词用法5）‎ ‎—Could you tell me the way to ___ Johnsons？ —Sorry, we don’t have _ Johnson here in the village. A. the; the B. the; a C. /; the D. the; /‎ ‎7‎ 序数词和形容词副词比较级最高级前 He is the taller of the two children.‎ ‎8‎ 用于国家党派等以及江河湖海，山川群岛的名词前 the United States, the Communist Party of China, the French ‎9‎ 用于表示发明物的单数名词前 The compass was invented in China.‎ ‎10‎ 在逢十的复数数词之前，指世纪的某个年代 in the 1990’s(二十世纪九十年代)‎ In one’s twenties 在某人二十多岁时。‎ ‎11‎ 用于表示度量单位的名词前 I hired the car by the hour.‎ ‎12‎ 用于方位名词，身体部位名词 He patted me on the shoulder.‎ III. 不用冠词的用法 ‎1‎ 专有名词，物质名词，抽象名词，人名地名等名词前 Beijing University, Jack, China, love, air ‎2‎ 名词前有this, my, whose, some, no, each, every等限制 I want this book, not that one. / Whose purse is this?‎ ‎3‎ 季节，月份，星期，节假日，一日三餐前 March, Sunday, National Day, spring ‎4‎ 表示职位，身份，头衔的名词前 Lincoln was made President of America.‎ ‎5‎ 表示球类，棋类等运动的名词前 He likes playing football/chess.‎ ‎6‎ 与by连用表示交通方式的名词前 We went right round to the west coast by ______ sea instead of driving across ______ continent. ‎ A. the; the B.不填；the C. the; 不填D. 不填；不填 ‎7‎ 以and连接的两个相对的名词并用时 husband and wife, knife and fork, day and night ‎8 ‎ 表示泛指的复数名词前 Horses are useful animals.‎ 使用不定冠词的常见特殊情况 a great deal of / a number of / have a cold (rest ,break , look ,fever ,stomachache …) / all of a sudden / In a flash / after a while / have a word with sb. / in a short while / once in a while / once upon a time / as a result of / get in a word / go for a walk / have a walk / in a hurry / in a rush / as a matter of fact / do a good deed / have a good (hard) time / keep a diary / make a living / at a distance / tell a lie / at a speed of…‎ 使用定冠词的情况 all over the world (country) / on the other hand / in the middle of / the day after tomorrow / the other day / take the place of / at the same time / at the moment / at the end of / at the beginning of / in the beginning / in the morning (afternoon, evening) / on the other side of / on the contrary / by the end of / at the end of / in the end / in the form of / in the habit of / on the radio / on the phone / on the air / at the back of / at the corner of / in the least / the next morning / in the distance / in the way…‎ 不使用冠词的情况 1. by +交通工具===in/on ....交通工具 By car / in the car , by bike / on the bike , ‎ by hand / with one’s hand, by law =according to the law…‎ by motor / by land / by road / by telephone / by telegram…‎ ‎2.in + 语言 、颜料、材料 in English / Chinese / red / pencil / with a pencil 3. A: sth. After sth. 一个接一个的。。， 一个又一个的 ‎ day after day / year after year / battle after battle /experiment after emperiment …‎ B: 语义相对的两个词在一块使用的时候往往不用冠词 A and —A ‎ ‎ day and night /hand nad foot / heart and soul / husband and wife / right and wrong /‎ ‎ father and son / body and soul…‎ C:from ... To...... 从...到....‎ ‎ from time to time / from east to west / from morning till night / from beginning to end…‎ D: sooner or later… ‎ E: little by little / year by year / one by one / step by step / side by side…/by and by F: shoulder to shoulder / face to face / heart to heart…‎ H: arm in arm / hand in hand…‎ 3. 系动词turn+身份，此时turn 后名词不加冠词==become a/an.....‎ She was a medical student before she turned policewoman.‎ ‎ he turned manager of a big company. /====he became a manager of …‎ ‎5.though/although Sb. is a/an 名词===可以变成倒装句 名词 as sb. is, .....‎ Boy as he is, he can speak Japanese, French and German.‎ ‎ Young girl as / though she is, she knows a lot about how to learn English well.‎ ‎ Although he is a boy, he can speak Japanese, French and German.‎ ‎6.this book / that box / your purse / his first lesson / no money ‎7.be of use / importance / help / value / interest / quality / service / benefit / necessity ‎8. 在一些固定短语中 A: take pride in / take care of / take part in / word came that / put…into practice shake hands with / sentence…to death / pass judgement on / have mercy on show mercy to / stand at attention / pay attention to / make progress / make use of come into use / come into action / make room for / come into being / take medicine…‎ B: in silence / in common / in sight / in public / in doubt / in debt / at most in case / in place of /in groups/ in use / in other words / in trouble / in surprise / starve to death ‎ ‎ 四、有无冠词意义不同的情况 ‎ 无冠词 有冠词 词例 词义 词例 词义 by day 在白天 by the day 按天计算 in case of 以防 in the case of 就。。。来说 in charge of 负责、掌管 in the charge of 由。。。负责、掌管 in prison 坐牢 in the prison 在监狱里 in bed 卧床 in the bed 在床上 in class 在上课 in the class 在这个班里 in office 执政 in the office 在办公室里 in future ‎（从今后）全部将来 in the future 将来某时 in sight (of)‎ 看见 in the sight (of)‎ 在。。。看来 in secret ‎ 秘密、私下 in the secret 参与秘密 at table 在吃饭 at the table 坐在桌旁 go to sea 当水手 go to the sea 到海边去 go to school 上学 go to the school 到学校去 go to church 做礼拜 go to the church 去教堂 go to prison 入狱 go to the prison 去监狱 live on farm 务农 live on the farm 住在农场 leave school 辍学 leave the school 离校 on board 坐车（船）‎ on the board 当演员 on earth 究竟、到底、在地面上 on the earth 在地球上 out of question 毫无疑问 out of the question 不可能 in possession 拥有 in the possession 为。。。所有 in open 公开 in the open 在户外 on watch 值班 on the watch 留神 be of age 成年 be of the age 同龄 take advice 征求意见 take the advice 听从劝告 take part in 参加 take the part in 扮。。。角色 take place 发生、举行 take the place 代替/取代。。。‎ three of us 我们中的三人 the three of us 就我们三个人 冠词用法很重要，次次考试少不了；分清具体与抽象，看看特指或泛指；重视习惯和搭配，胸有成竹笑高考 五、 冠词的位置：1.what , such, many + a / an + 形容词 + 名词。 ‎ ‎ What a beautiful picture you have! Many a man has been there.‎ ‎2.how , so , as , too , however + 形容词 + a / an + 名词。‎ It is as pleasant a day as I have ever spent. I have never seen so kind a man.‎ 3. all , both , double , half , twice +the +名词 ‎ All the passengers agreed to leave the train for a while.‎ ‎4.rather 可位于冠词前或后。 a rather cold day = rather a cold day ‎1．The Smiths don’t usually stay at hotels, but last summer they spent a few days at a very nice hotel by ________‎ ‎ sea.‎ ‎ A．/; a B．the; the C．/; the D．the; a ‎2. The development of industry has been_______ gradual process throughout _______ human existence, from stone tools to modern technology.‎ ‎ A. 不填, the B. the; a C. a; 不填 D. a; a ‎3. Carl is studying food science at college and hopes to open up meat processing factory of his own one day.‎ A. / ； a B. / ；the C. the ; a D. the ; the ‎ ‎4.Sam has been appointed _______ manager of the engineering department to take ____ place of George.‎ ‎ A. /,/ B. the,/ C the the D./, the ‎5.I woke up with bad headache, yet by evening the pain had gone. ‎ A. the; the B. the; an C. a; the D. a; an ‎6. Sarah looked at finished painting with satisfaction.‎ A.不填；a B. a; the C. the; 不填 D. the; a ‎7. Being able to afford ___ drink would be ___ comfort in those tough times. ‎ A. the; the B. a; a C. a; 不填 D. 不填；a ‎ ‎8.If we sit near ___ front of the bus, we will have ___ better view. ‎ A. 不填；the B. a 不填 C. the, a D. the, the ‎ ‎9.First impressions are the most lasting. After all, you never get __ second chance to make ___ first impression. ‎ A. a, the B. the, the C. a. a D. the, a ‎ ‎10.The visitors here are greatly impressed by the fact that ___ people from all walks of life are working hard for __ new Jiangsu. ‎ A. 不填，a B.不填，the C. the, a D. the the.‎ ‎11.It’s __ good feeling for people to admire the Shanghai World Expo that gives them __ pleasure. ‎ A.不填， a B. a ,不填 C. the, a. D. a. the .‎ ‎12.Many lifestyle patterns do such __ great harm to health that they actually speed up ___ weakening of the human body. ‎ A. a, / B. /, the C. a, the D./ / ‎ ‎13.There are over 58,000 rocky objects in ___ space, about 900 of which could fall down onto ___ earth. ‎ A. the , the B. 不填，the C. the, 不填 D. a, the ‎ ‎14.In ___ most countries, a university degree can give you __ flying start in life. ‎ A. the, a B. the , 不填 C. 不填，不填 D. 不填， a.‎ ‎15.Everything comes with __ price, there is no such __ thing as a free lunch in the world. ‎ A. a, a B. the. / C . the, a D. a . /‎ ‎16.全国1.It is generally accepted that ___ boy must learn to stand up and fight like ___ man. ‎ A. a, a B, a, the C, the, the D, a, 不填 ‎17.As he reached ___ front door, Jack saw ___ strange sight. ‎ A. the 不填 B. a, the C.不填，a D. the, a ‎ ‎18.In communication, a smile is usually ___strong sign of a friendly and ___ open attitude.‎ A. the / B.a, an C. a / D. the, an ‎19.As is known to all, _____People’s Rupublic of China is _____ biggest developing country in the world. ‎ A. the, 不填 B.不填， the C. the, the D. 不填，不填 ‎20. Take your time—it is just ___ short distance from here to ___ restaurant. ‎ A. 不填， the B. a, the C. the ,a D. 不填， a. ‎ ‎21.Dr.Peter Spence, ___ headmaster of the school, told us, “____ fifth of pupils here go on to study at Oxford and Cambridge. ” ‎ A. 不填， A B.不填， The C. the, The D. a, A ‎22. Experts think that ___ recently discovered painting may be ___ Picasso. ‎ A. the, 不填 B. a, the C. a, 不填 D. the, a ‎ ‎23.---It is said John will be in a job paying over $ 60,000 ____ year. ---Right, he will also be in a job paying by ____ week. ‎ A, the, the B a, the C. the, a D. a, a ‎