十年高考20022011英语分类汇编名词 16页

十年高考【2002-2011】英语分类汇编----名词 u 名词在高考中的考查重点：‎ 一般在单项选择以及完型填空和短文改错中出现, 绝大多数是考查名词词义辨析, 名词和表示数量词结合的考查, 以及主谓一致的考查以及在具体语境中的理解和应用也将占有一席之地。‎ 解题方法：‎ 1. 熟记近义名词的辨析 2. 熟记常见的不可数名词, 单复数同形的名词, 形单义复的名词和集合名词表示单复数的情况, 如：advice, furniture, equipment; means, works (工厂), series; police, cattle；family, audience等等 3. 掌握名词的抽象化和具体化 4. 掌握名词的所有格 5. 注意(复合)名词作定语时可单可复 6. 熟记名词与动词的固定搭配使用 ‎【2011江苏卷,27】Teachers have to constantly update their knowledge in order to maintain their professional _____.‎ A．consequence B．independence C．competence D．intelligence ‎【答案】C ‎【考点】考查名词的辨义。‎ ‎【解析】句意为 “教师要不断地更新他们的知识以便保持专业上的称职。”consequence后果，结果；independence独立；competence能力，胜任，称职；intelligence智力, 智慧; 理解力。根据句意选C。‎ ‎【2011福建卷,26】The lack of eco-friendly habits among the public is thought to be a major of global climate change.‎ A.result B.cause C.warning D.reflection ‎【答案】B ‎【考点】考查名词的辨义。‎ ‎【解析】句意为“公众缺乏对生态环境友好的习惯被认为是全球气候变化的主要原因。”result结果；cause原因；warning警告；reflection反映。cause与global climate change存在着因果关系，故选B。‎ ‎【2011浙江卷,18】Anyway, I can’t cheat him—it’s against all my ____.‎ A. emotions B. principles C. regulations D. opinions ‎【答案】B ‎【考点】考查名词的辨义。‎ ‎【解析】句意为“不管怎样，我不能欺骗他—这违反我的原则。”emotion情绪；principle原则，准则；regulation规定，规则；opinions意见。根据句意选B。‎ ‎【2011四川卷,13】Always remember to put such dangerous things as knives out of children’s ‎ ‎ . ‎ A.touch B.sight C.reach D.distance ‎【答案】C ‎【考点】考查名词的辨义。‎ ‎【解析】句意为“时刻记住：这些危险物品，比如刀子，要放在孩子们够不着的地方。”out of touch不联系，不接触；out of sight看不见, 在视野之外；out of reach手够不着, 达不到；out of distance远离=far away ‎。根据前面的交代的危险品，选C。‎ ‎【2011湖北卷,21】“Tommy, run! Be quick! The house is on fire!” the mother shouted, with______ clearly in her voice.‎ A . anger B. rudeness C. regret D. panic ‎【答案】D ‎【考点】考查名词的辨义。‎ ‎【解析】句意为“Tommy，快跑！快点！房子着火了！”母亲大声叫喊，嗓音里夹杂这明显的惊慌。”anger生气；rudeness粗鲁；regret后悔；panic惊慌，慌乱。根据句意选D。‎ ‎【2011湖北卷,22】Giving up my job to go back to full-time education was a big________, but now I know it was the best decision I ever made.‎ A. project B. commitment C. competition D. ambition ‎【答案】B ‎【考点】考查名词的辨义。‎ ‎【解析】句意为“当初放弃我的工作重新接受全日制的教育是个了不起的决定，现在我知道那是我作出的最好的决定。”project项目, 计划, 方案, 课题；commitment 承诺，许诺，保证；competition比赛，竞争；ambition抱负，雄心，野心。commitment与后面的decision相呼应，故选B。‎ ‎【2011湖北卷,30】When asked about their opinions about the schoolmaster, many teachers would prefer to see him step aside _________ younger men.‎ A. in terms of B. in need of C. in favor of D. in praise of ‎【答案】C ‎【考点】考查名词的辨义。‎ ‎【解析】句意为“当被问到对于校长的看法时，许多老师都愿意看到他靠边站为更年轻的人让路。”in terms of就而论；in need of需要；in favor of赞成；in praise of表扬，赞扬。‎ ‎【2011江西卷31】What’s the_____, in your opinion, of helping him if he doesn’t make an effort to help himself?‎ A.sympathy B.theme C.object D.point ‎【答案】D ‎【考点】考查名词的辨义。‎ ‎【解析】sympathy同情，theme 主题，object 物体，point意义。句意为你认为如果他没有作出努力去帮助自己而去帮助他的意义是什么？选D。‎ ‎【2011山东卷,34】There’s a _____ in our office that when it’s somebody’s birthday, they bring in a cake for us all to share.‎ A. tradition B. balance C. concern D. relationship ‎【答案】A ‎【考点】考查名词的辨义。‎ ‎【解析】句意为“我们办公室有个传统:轮到某个人的生日时，他就带蛋糕来与大家分享。”tradition传统；balance平衡；concern关心；relationship关系，联系。句中somebody 与they相照应，说明不止一次，因此用tradition作答案。‎ ‎【2011江苏卷,32】We’d better discuss everything _______ before we work out the plan.‎ A．in detail B．in general C．on purpose D．on time ‎【答案】A ‎【考点】考查名词的辨义。‎ ‎【解析】句意为“我们最好先详细地讨论好一切，然后再制定计划。”in detail详细地；in general一般而言, 总的来说；on purpose故意地；on time 准时。根据句意，先讨论后定计划，选A。‎ ‎〖10安徽〗I haven’t seen Sara since she was a little girl, and she has changed beyond_______‎ A. hearing B strength C. recognition D. measure ‎〖答案〗C ‎〖考点〗本题考查名词辨析。‎ ‎〖解析〗hearing意为 “听力”；strength意为 “力气；力量”； recognition意为 “认出；识别；认识”； measure意为 “测量；措施”。句意为 “……她变得认不出来了。”‎ ‎〖10江西〗Last year the number of students who graduated with a driving license reached 200,000, a (n) ______ of 40,000 per year.‎ A average B number C amount D quantity ‎〖答案〗A ‎〖考点〗考查名词。‎ ‎〖解析〗a number of 许多 amount of 一般加不可数名词表金额, a quantity of 既可以加可数也可以加不可数, 但没有平均每年增加的意思。‎ ‎〖10山东〗Those who suffer from headache will find they get ______ from this medicine.‎ ‎ A. relief B. safety C. defense D. shelter ‎〖答案〗A ‎〖考点〗本题考查名词在具体语境的使用。‎ ‎〖解析〗句意应为 “那些头痛的人会发现这种药物能使头痛缓解。”所以A项意义符合句意, relief 表示 “缓解, 减轻, 解除”。 safety表示 “安全, 保险”；defense 表示 “防御, 防护”； shelter表示 “掩蔽, 保护”。‎ ‎〖10天津〗James took the magazines off the little table to make for the television.‎ A. room B. area C. field D. position ‎〖答案〗A ‎〖考点〗考查名词意义和用法。‎ ‎〖解析〗句意：詹姆斯把杂志从小桌子上拿下了, 目的是为电视腾出空间。make room for是固定搭配, 意思是 “为……让空”的意思, 其中的room是不可数名词。‎ ‎〖10江苏〗The doctor is skilled at treating heart trouble and never accepts any gift from his patients, so he has a very good_____.‎ A. expectation B. reputation C. contribution D. civilization ‎〖答案〗B ‎〖考点〗名词辨析。‎ ‎〖解析〗reputation 表示名声而expectation是期望的意思。Contribution是贡献的意思。Civilization是文明的意思。‎ ‎〖10湖北〗This restaurant has become popular for its wide of foods that suit all tastes and pockets.‎ A. division B. area C. range D. circle ‎〖答案〗B ‎〖考点〗本题考查名词/名词短语。‎ ‎〖解析〗此题不仅考查学生对于四个选项的认知, 更重要的是要理解句子的含义。 “这家餐馆越来越出名 是由于它做的各种各样的食物适应各种类型人群。” “a range of “强调一个系列, 而 “a wide range of”意为 “各种各样的”。正好符合题意。从句子结构来讲, 这个句子属于典型的 “从句套从句”。 “for”引导原因状语从句, “that”引导定语从句。 　　‎ ‎〖〗After the earthquake, the first thing the local government did was to provide for the ‎ homeless families.‎ A. accommodation B. occupation C. equipment D. furniture.‎ ‎〖答案〗D ‎〖考点〗本题考查名词辨析。‎ ‎〖解析〗512的汶川地震, 414玉树地震。天灾 “earthquake”相信是很多考生都准备过的一个话题。所以相关词汇“accommodation”表示 “住处”应该是考生们准备的系列词汇之一。这道题难度不大, 句子结构也相对简单。只要背过这几个词, 知道 “occupation”表示 “占用”或者“工作, 职业”；“furniture”表示 “家具”；“equipment”表示 “设备, 器材”就能选出正确答案D了。‎ ‎〖10浙江〗The school advisers help you talk through your problem but they don’t give you any direct ______.‎ A. solution B. target C. measure D. function ‎〖答案〗A ‎〖考点〗本题考查名词辨析。‎ ‎〖解析〗分析四个选项：solution解决方法；target目标；measure措施；function功能。根据句意：学校的建议者们帮助你分析问题, 但是他们不会给你直接的解决方法。‎ ‎〖09安徽〗China has got a good for fighting against the flu with its careful and smooth organization.‎ A. reputation B. influence C. impression D. knowledge ‎〖答案〗A ‎〖考点〗本题考查名词辨析。‎ ‎〖解析〗‎ ‎〖09福建〗The World Health Organization gave a warning to the public without any when the virus of H1N1 hit Mexico in April, 2009.‎ A. delay B. effort C. schedule D. consideration ‎〖答案〗A ‎〖考点〗本题考查名词辨析。‎ ‎〖解析〗名词词义辨析。delay：耽搁, 延误；effort：努力；schedule：时间表；consideration：考虑, 体谅；关心。题干意思是：当H1N1型2009年4月袭击墨西哥时, 世界卫生组织毫不犹豫地向人们提出了警告。选A。‎ ‎〖09湖北〗Hiking by oneself can be fun and good for health. It may also be good for ______ building.‎ A. respect B. friendship C. reputation D. character ‎〖答案〗D.‎ ‎〖考点〗本题考查名词辨析。‎ ‎〖解析〗根据常识便可知运动既可增强体质也可强健个性, 不会增强尊敬或名声, 友谊可以增强, 但与前面health不搭配, 故答案为character。‎ ‎〖09湖北〗In our class, when the bell rang and the teacher closed his book, it was a ______ for everyone to stand up.‎ A. signal B. chance C. mark D. measure ‎〖答案〗A ‎〖考点〗本题考查名词辨析。‎ ‎〖解析〗根据句意可知打铃及老师合上书本, 这是下课的暗示, 选项中只能选择signal。chance “机会”, mark “分数, 痕迹”, measure “方法, 措施”。‎ ‎〖09江西〗The ____________ shoes were covered with mud, so I asked them to take them off before they got into __________ car.‎ A. girl’s; Tom’s B. girls’; Toms’ C. girls’; Tom’s D. girl’s; Toms’ K5u ‎〖答案〗C ‎〖考点〗本题考查名词所有格。‎ ‎〖解析〗名词所有格形式。根据题干后半部分的them可知对应复数girls。此题较易 ‎〖09海南〗Encourage your children to try new things, but try not to them too hard.‎ A. draw B. strike C. rush D. push ‎〖答案〗D ‎〖考点〗本题考查名词辨析。‎ ‎〖解析〗句意为：鼓励你的孩子去尝试新事物,但不要把它们太难了。push 推, 挤, 逼迫；strike v. 打,罢工,划燃rush v. 冲进,匆促行事,催draw v. 拉,拖,挨近,提取,画,绘制。根据句意, 应选D。‎ ‎〖09山东〗-------He says that my new car is a ____________ of money.‎ ‎-------Don’t you think those words are just sour grapes?‎ A. lack B. load C. question D. waste ‎〖答案〗D ‎〖考点〗本题考查名词辨析。‎ ‎〖解析〗考查单词的区别：lack缺乏；load负担；question疑问；waste 浪费；根据句意, 尤其是下句的sour grapes(酸葡萄)可知答案选D。‎ ‎〖09陕西〗Form their ________ on the top of the TV Tower, visitors can have a better view of the city.‎ A. stage B. position C. condition D. situation ‎〖答案〗B ‎〖考点〗本题考查名词辨析。‎ ‎〖解析〗名词词义辨析；stage：舞台, 时期, 阶段；position：位置；condition：条件, 情况；situation：形式, 情况；情景；根据空前的物主代词their可以推断出此处选B。题干意思是：从他们在电视塔顶部的位置, 游客们可以更好地看到这个城市的景色。‎ ‎〖09天津〗I’m trying to break the _______ of getting up too late .‎ A. tradition B. convenience C. habit D. leisure ‎〖答案〗C ‎〖考点〗本题考查名词辨析。句意为, 我一直试图改变起床晚的习惯。tradition传统, 常规；convenience方便；leisure休闲时间, 闲暇。‎ ‎〖解析〗‎ ‎〖09浙江〗The system has been designed to give students quick and easy ______ to the digital resources of the library.‎ A. access B. passage C. way D. approach ‎〖答案〗A ‎〖考点〗本题考查名词辨析。‎ ‎〖解析〗句意：新设计的系统能够让学生便捷、容易地搜索到图书馆的电子资源。这里give...access to...是固定词组, 表示 “能得到, 能进入”, 所以选A ‎〖08安徽〗To save some of the human languages before they are forgotten, the students in our school started a discussion “Save Our ________”‎ ‎ A. Sky B. Life C. Arts D. Voices ‎〖答案〗D ‎〖考点〗本题考查名词辨析。‎ ‎〖解析〗由语境可知, 此处指人类的语言, 而语言是人类说的, 因此用voices, 而不用其他选项。‎ ‎〖08福建〗What’s the _____ of having a public open space where you can’t eat, drink or even simply hang out for a while?‎ ‎ A. sense B. matter C. case D. opinion ‎〖答案〗A ‎〖考点〗本题考查名词辨析。‎ ‎〖解析〗本题所设的语境是：有这样一个你在那里不能吃、不能喝甚至不能动的公共开放场所有什么意义呢？A项sense “感觉, 思考, 意义”；B项matter “事件, 问题, 原因”；C项case “事, 案例, 容器”；D项opinion “意见, 看法, 主张”。What’s the sense of…？“有什么意义” 四个选项中只能A项符合语境。‎ ‎〖08江苏〗—I can’t repair these until tomorrow, I’m afraid.‎ ‎—That’s OK, there’s ______.‎ A. no problem B. no wonder C. no doubt D. no hurry ‎〖答案〗D ‎〖考点〗本题考查名词词组。‎ ‎〖解析〗根据第一句的意思可知 “说话者担心来不及修好”, 所以对方劝慰他不用急。no problem意思是 “没问题”, 通常单独使用或用That’s no problem；(It’s) no wonder…意思是 “难怪”；There is no doubt…意思是 “毫无疑问”。‎ ‎〖08江苏〗—Why do you suggest we buy a new machine?‎ ‎—Because the old one has been damaged ______.‎ A. beyond reach B. beyond repair ‎ C. beyond control D. beyond description ‎〖答案〗B ‎〖考点〗本题考查名词辨析。‎ ‎〖解析〗根据前一句的提示可知, 只有在坏得无法修理的情况下才建议去买新的机器。故用beyond repair, 意为 ““；beyond the reach of意为 “鞭长莫及”；beyond control意为 “失控”；beyond description意为 “难以言表”。‎ ‎〖08山东〗I bought a dress for only 10 dollars in a sale; it was a real ______.‎ A. exchange B. bargain C. trade D. business ‎〖答案〗B ‎〖考点〗本题考查名词辨析。‎ ‎〖解析〗bargain用作名词时, 意为 “廉价货, 便宜货”, a real bargain意为 “真便宜”。‎ ‎〖08江西〗---Shall we go out for a walk?‎ ‎--- Sorry. This is not the right ____ to invite me. I am too tired to walk.‎ A. moment B. situation C. place D. chance ‎〖答案〗A ‎〖考点〗本题考查名词辨析。‎ ‎〖解析〗句意为：——我们出去散散步好吗？——对不起, 这不是邀请我的合适的时间, 我太累了而不想去散步。A项 “某一时刻, 片刻”；B项 “情形, 状况”；C项 “地方”；D项 “机会”。‎ ‎〖08浙江〗Dogs have a very good ______ of smell and are often used to search for survivors in ‎ an earthquake.‎ A. sense B. view C. means D. idea ‎〖答案〗A ‎〖考点〗本题考查名词辨析。‎ ‎〖解析〗a sense of smell嗅觉。句意为：狗嗅觉灵敏, 经常被用来搜寻地震中的幸存者。‎ ‎〖08湖北〗The young man made a ______  to his parents that he would try to earn his own living after graduation.‎ ‎  A.prediction      B.promise           C.plan              D.contribution ‎〖答案〗B ‎〖考点〗本题考查名词辨析。‎ ‎〖解析〗句意为：这位年轻人向他的父母许诺说毕业之后他将努力自食其力。make a promise许诺, 答应, 其后的that从句为同位语从句, 补充说明先行词promise的内容, 其他选项不合句意。‎ ‎〖08湖北〗The top leaders of the two countries are holding talks in a friendly______‎ ‎ A. atmosphere B. state C. situation D. phenomenon ‎〖答案〗A ‎〖考点〗本题考查名词辨析。‎ ‎〖解析〗句意为：这两个国家的最高领导人在友好的气氛中进行交谈。atmosphere气氛, 氛围；state状态；situation形势, 局面；phenomenon现象。‎ ‎〖08天津〗Most air pollution is caused by the burning of ____ like coal, gas and oil.‎ ‎ A. fuels B. articles C. goods D. products ‎〖答案〗A ‎〖考点〗本题考查名词辨析。‎ ‎〖解析〗coal, gas and oil均为 “燃料(fuels)”。‎ ‎〖07湖北〗Despite such a big difference in ______ towards what one eats, there is no doubt that people in the west regard the Chinese food as something special. ‎ ‎ A. point B. idea C. attitude D. sight ‎ ‎〖答案〗C ‎〖考点〗本题考查名词辨析。‎ ‎〖解析〗point点;意义;idea主意, 念头;attitude态度, 看法;sight视力。句意为:尽管对一个人的饮食的态度有着很大的不同, 但是毫无疑问西方人把中国的饮食看作是某种特殊的东西。‎ ‎〖07上海〗My morning _____ includes jogging in the park and reading newspapers over breakfast.‎ ‎ A. drill B. action C. regulation D. routine ‎ ‎〖答案〗D ‎〖考点〗本题考查名词辨析。‎ ‎〖解析〗drill操练;action行为;regulation规则, 条例;routine惯例, 常规。由句意可知D项正确。‎ ‎〖07安徽〗The practice of hanging clothes across the street is a common ____ in many parts of the city.‎ A. look B. sign C. sight D. appearance ‎〖答案〗C ‎〖考点〗本题考查名词辨析。‎ ‎〖解析〗sight风景;look表情;sign迹象, 现象;appearance出现, 显露。‎ ‎〖07天津〗One thousand dollars a month is not a fortune but would help cover my living ________.‎ A. bills B. expenses C. prices D. charges ‎〖答案〗B ‎〖考点〗本题考查名词辨析。‎ ‎〖解析〗句意为：一月1 000美元不是一笔财富, 但是能帮助支付我的生活费用。A项为 “账单”；B项为 “花费；费用”；C项为 “价格”;D项为 “价格；索价”。‎ ‎〖07陕西〗He and his wife are of the same        ;they both want their son to go to college.‎ A.soul            B.spirit          C.heart             D.mind ‎〖答案〗D ‎〖考点〗本题考查名词辨析。‎ ‎〖解析〗本题考查名词词义辨析。soul心灵, 灵魂;spirit精神;heart心, 心脏;mind想法, 主意;be of the same mind为固定短语, 意为 “对……看法相同, 主意一样”, 符合句意。‎ ‎〖07福建〗—You are always full of        .Can you tell me the secret? ‎—Taking plenty of exercise every day.‎ A.power           B.strength          C.force             D.energy ‎〖答案〗D ‎〖考点〗本题考查名词辨析。‎ ‎〖解析〗本题考查名词词义辨析。power权力, 势力；strength力气, 优势;force力, 武力;energy精力;be full of energy指 “精力旺盛”, 符合题意。‎ ‎〖07浙江〗Of the seven days in a week, Saturday is said to be the most popular ______ for a wedding in some countries.‎ A. way B. situation C. event D. choice ‎〖答案〗D ‎〖考点〗本题考查名词辨析。‎ ‎〖解析〗句意为:在某些国家, 一周的七天里星期六是举行婚礼最佳的日子。way方式, 方法;situation状况, 处境;event事情, 事件;choice挑选, 选择。根据题意, 应选D项。‎ ‎〖07山东〗I can’t say which wine is best – it’s a(n) _____ of personal taste.‎ A. affair B. event C. matter D. variety ‎〖答案〗C ‎〖考点〗此题考查固定搭配。a matter of ….是固定搭配。‎ ‎〖解析〗句意：我无法说哪种酒最好——这是个人口味爱好的问题。a matter of意为 “关于……的问题”, 如：a matter of principle原则问题；a matter of opinion仁者见仁, 智者见智；a matter of remembering words 记几个单词的问题。A项意为 “政治事务, 私人业务”；B项意为 “重要事情、大事”；D项意为 “不同种类”。‎ ‎〖07辽宁〗Health problems are closely connected with bad eating habits and a _____ of exercise.‎ A. limit B. lack C. need D. demand ‎〖答案〗B ‎〖考点〗本题考查名词辨析。‎ ‎〖解析〗a lack of缺乏。句意为：健康问题与不良的饮食习惯和缺少锻炼密切相关。‎ ‎〖06全国Ⅱ〗It is no         arguing with Bill because he will never change his mind.‎ ‎ A. use       B. help          C.time           D.way ‎〖答案〗A ‎〖考点〗本题考查名词辨析。‎ ‎〖解析〗it is no use后接动词+ing形式或动词+ing形式短语表示做某事没有用。it作形式主语, 接动词+ing形式或动词+ing形式短语作真正的主语。help意为 “帮助”。time意为 “时间”。way意为 “方法”。‎ ‎〖06天津〗Finding information in today’s world is easy. The ______ is how you can tell if the information you get is useful or not.‎ A. ability      B. competition      C. challenge        D. knowledge ‎〖答案〗C ‎〖考点〗本题考查名词辨析。‎ ‎〖解析〗challenge意为 “挑战, 艰巨任务, 难题”, 由于我们现在正处于信息爆炸的时代, 在当今时代中找到信息是一件很容易的事, 但区分出这些信息是否有用的确是一个难题。ability意为 “能力”。competition意为 “竞赛”。knowledge意为 “知识”。‎ ‎〖06上海〗When Jane began to take swimming lessons, her main _____ was the fear of water. ‎ A. evidence          B. crisis       C. obstacle        D. danger ‎〖答案〗C ‎〖考点〗本题考查名词辨析。‎ ‎〖解析〗本题考查名词obstacle(障碍)。学游泳的主要心理障碍是怕水, 这是-个常识。‎ ‎〖06辽宁〗School children must be taught how to deal with dangerous          .‎ A.states          B.conditions                  C.situations                   D.positions ‎〖答案〗C ‎〖考点〗本题考查名词辨析。‎ ‎〖解析〗situation意为 “形势, 局面；情况”, 指各种具体情况综合起来的状态, 多指危急或重大的事态, 强调外部因素对该事态的影响。表示要教给学生如何处理危险情况。state意为 “状况, 情形, 情况, 形势”, 指人或物在外观、心理、健康、环境等方面的情形, 即人或物存在或所处的状态, 但不如condition具体。condition意为 “状态, 状况, 情形”, 用作单数形式, 表示人或物所处的真实具体状态, 尤指内在状态, 可与state替用, 用作复数形式, 笼统地表示一般的状态。position意为 “位置；方位；地点”。‎ ‎〖06浙江〗—If you like I can do some shopping for you.‎ ‎   — That’ s a very kind _______.‎ ‎   A. offer         B. service             C. point             D. suggestion ‎〖答案〗A ‎〖考点〗本题考查名词辨析。‎ ‎〖解析〗本题可以用排除法。首先service是不可数名词, 应该排除。另外本题问句 “如果你愿意, 我可以帮你买东西”从意思上分析是一个建议, suggestion作为提议、建议时是不可数名词, 可以排除。另外point指观点, 不符合题意。所以选A, offer, 也是提议的意思。‎ ‎〖06福建〗Always read the________on the bottle carefully and take the right amout of medieine. A.explanstions                 B.instructions         C.descriptions             D.introductions ‎〖答案〗B ‎〖考点〗本题考查名词辨析。‎ ‎〖解析〗nstruction意为 “说明, 须知”, 在正式场合, 指不可违背的命令, 在一般场合, 指知识性的指示或意见, 与direction相比, 语气较轻, 较委婉, 常用作复数形式。explanation意为 “解释, 注释；说明”, 指通过实例进行解释说明。description意为 “描写”, 指通过生动的语言描述某件事或某个情节。introduction意为 “引导；传入, 介绍”, 指对某种新产品进行介绍。‎ ‎〖06湖北〗To make members of a team perform better, the trainer first of all has to know their _____ and weaknesses.‎ ‎    A. strengths       B. benefits         C. techniques      D. values ‎〖答案〗A ‎〖考点〗本题考查名词辨析。‎ ‎〖解析〗strength意为 “力, 力量, 体力”, 常指人体或物体内存在的力, 如气力、耐力、抵抗力, 有时也可指进行某种活动的推动力。根据句意可判断出为了使体育队的成员在比赛中取得更好成绩, 教练首先要了解队员的体力和薄弱的地方。benefit意为 “利益, 好处；利润”。technique意为 “技术”。value意为 “价值”。‎ ‎〖06湖北〗The ______on his face told me that he was angry.‎ A. impression     B. sight    C. appearance      D. expression ‎〖答案〗D ‎〖考点〗本题考查名词辨析。‎ ‎〖解析〗expression意为 “表情”, 根据后面 “told me”可以推断前面 “告诉我们他很生气”的应该是他 “脸上的表情”。impression是印象, sight是视觉, appearance是外貌, 这三个逻辑上都不对。‎ ‎〖06湖北〗At the meeting they discussed three different  ______to the study of mathematics.‎ A. approaches      B. means         C. methods        D. ways ‎〖答案〗A ‎〖考点〗本题考查名词辨析。‎ ‎〖解析〗way意为 “方式, 方法”, 可指具体的方法, 也可指抽象的方法, 多指一般的思想、行动、办事的方法, 也可指个人特殊的方法、方式等。three different ways of study of mathematics表示 “三种不同的学习数学的方式”。approach原指接近某人或某物, 也可指对待或处理的方式或方法。means用于抽象意义, 可指为达到某—目的而采用的方法、计划、政策、策略等, 尤指整套的方法, 用于具体意义, 常指为达到某一目的所使用的工具、材料、机器、用具、车船等。method指具体的、系统的、有步骤的方法, 强调条理性及高效率。‎ ‎〖06广东〗You have been sitting on my hat and now it is badly out of           .‎ A. date           B. shape                C. order               D. balance ‎〖答案〗B ‎〖考点〗本题考查名词辨析。‎ ‎〖解析〗out of shape是 “变型”的意思, 根据前面 “你坐在我的帽子上”可判断出帽子是 “变型”了。out of date意为 “过时”, out of order意为 “混乱”, out of balance意为 “失衡”。‎ ‎〖06江西〗It is said that dogs will keep you            for as long as you want when you are feeling lonely. ‎ A. safety    B. company    C. house    D. friend ‎〖答案〗B ‎〖考点〗本题考查名词辨析。‎ ‎〖解析〗本题的意思 “据说在你孤独的时候狗会陪伴在你身边”, keep you company是 “如影随形”的意思。‎ ‎〖06陕西〗My sister was against my suggestion while my brother was_________it.‎ A.in favour of                 B.in memory of C.in honour of                 D.in search of ‎〖答案〗A ‎〖考点〗本题考查介词短语辨析。‎ ‎〖解析〗in favour of意为 “赞成”, 表示对建议等赞成。while表示转折, 意为 “而”, 表示我妹妹反对我的建议, 而我弟弟赞成我的建议。in honour of意为 “向……表示敬意”。in memory ‎ of意为 “纪念”。in search of意为 “寻找, 寻求”。‎ ‎〖06上海春〗Put the ______ of your tongue against your upper teeth when you produce the sound.‎ A. tip                    B. top                          C. peak                        D. pole ‎〖答案〗A ‎〖考点〗本题考查名词辨析。‎ ‎〖解析〗tip “尖”（舌尖）, top顶端, peak最高峰, 顶峰, pole极。‎ ‎〖05天津〗Bill was doing a lot of physical exercise to build up his_______.‎ ‎  A. ability       B. force        C. strength       D. mind ‎〖答案〗C ‎〖考点〗本题考查名词辨析。‎ ‎〖解析〗build up one’s strength使自己强壮。‎ ‎〖05上海〗He proved himself a true gentleman and the beauty of his _______ was seen at its best when he worked with others.‎ A. temper               B. appearance            C. talent                    D. character ‎〖答案〗D ‎〖考点〗本题考查名词辨析。‎ ‎〖解析〗character性格。当他与别人一起工作时他的性格展现出最好的一面。temper脾气；appearance外貌；talent智力。‎ ‎〖05辽宁〗The head office of the bank is in Beijing, but it has _________ all over the country. ‎ ‎   A. companies            B. branches                   C. organizations       D. businesses ‎〖答案〗B ‎〖考点〗本题考查名词辨析。‎ ‎〖解析〗branch分部。在全国各地有许多分部。company公司；organization组织；business生意。‎ ‎〖05浙江〗I am sure David will be able to find the library-he has a pretty good_______ of direction.‎ A. idea        B. feeling      C. experience     D. sense ‎〖答案〗D ‎〖考点〗本题考查名词辨析。‎ ‎〖解析〗sense of direction方向感。根据所提供的情景 “I am sure David will be able to find the library”可判断出他有良好的方向感。feeling感觉, 除指身体的感觉外, 还可指思想、感情上的感觉。‎ ‎〖05安徽〗My ______ of this weekend’s activity is going out with some good friends. ‎ A. idea                B. opinion          C. mind               D. thought ‎〖答案〗A ‎〖考点〗本题考查名词辨析。‎ ‎〖解析〗idea指日常生活中的想法、意见, 一般较具体、清楚。opinion指对某事的具体看法或意见。mind智力, 精神。thought指经过充分考虑和推理后形成的意见, 可更全面、更系统。‎ ‎〖05上海春〗Do you have any ______ of what life would be like if we lived on other planets?‎ A.plan 　　　　　B.idea 　　　　 C.impression 　　　 D.imagination 〖答案〗B ‎〖考点〗本题考查名词辨析。‎ ‎〖解析〗你可曾想过, 如果我们生活在其他星球上, 生活会是什么样子的?‎ ‎〖05上海春〗Beginners are expected to be familiar with the ______of the reading material before they come to the class.‎ A.condition 　　 B.concept 　　　C.contest 　　　　　D.content ‎〖答案〗D ‎〖考点〗本题考查名词辨析。‎ ‎〖解析〗A. 条件、情形；B. 观念、概念；C. 竞赛；D. 内容。本句意思是：“初学者应该在上课前熟悉阅读材料的内容。”因此, 答案应选D。 〖05上海春〗I have read the material several times but it doesn't make any ________ to me.‎ A meaning   　　　 B. importance  　　　 C. sense  　　　 D. significance ‎〖答案〗C ‎〖考点〗本题考查名词辨析。‎ ‎〖解析〗make sense 有意义, 固定短语。‎ ‎〖05上海春〗Usually a child's behaviour is a ________ of his family environment ‎ A. recognition  　　B. reflection   　　C. return   　　D. record ‎〖答案〗B ‎〖考点〗本题考查名词辨析。‎ ‎〖解析〗reflection n. 映像。通常一个孩子的行为是他家庭环境的反映。‎ ‎〖05上海春〗We need to consider what ___ we will be using for language training.‎ A. abilities   　　B. appliances  　　C. facilities   　　D. qualities ‎〖答案〗C ‎〖考点〗本题考查名词辨析。‎ ‎〖解析〗facility复数形式表示：设施, 设备。‎ ‎〖04全国卷Ⅲ〗If you buy more than ten, they knock 20 pence off______. ‎ A. a price                  B. price                     C. the price        D. prices ‎〖答案〗C ‎〖考点〗本题考冠词和名词。‎ ‎〖解析〗全句合理句意应是：如果你买超过10个, 他们从（现在标出的）价格上减价20便士。此处价格是特指的定价, 所以C项最佳。‎ ‎〖04全国Ⅲ〗The faces of four famous American presidents on Mount Rushmore can be seen from a       of 60 miles.‎ A.length                B.distance              C.way                  D.space ‎〖答案〗B ‎〖考点〗本题考查名词辨析。‎ ‎〖解析〗length长度；distance距离；way道路；space空间, 太空。根据句子的意思, 答案选B项, 指离那儿60英里远的地方。‎ ‎〖04天津〗I keep medicines on the top shelf,out of the children’s______.‎ A.reach                     B.hand                      C.hold               D.place ‎〖答案〗A ‎〖考点〗本题考查名词辨析。‎ ‎〖解析〗A意思是：够得着的地方；B是：指示, 掌管；C是：控制, 照管；D是：地方。根据句意, 目的是不让孩子们拿着, out of one's reach “某人够不着的地方”。所以答案选A。 ‎ ‎〖04上海〗The environmentalists said wild goats’______ on the vast grasslands was a good indication of the better environment.‎ A.escape                   B.absence                 C.attendance                    D.appearance ‎〖答案〗D ‎〖考点〗本题考查名词辨析。‎ ‎〖解析〗escape：逃跑, absence：缺席, 根据句子后面的good indication of the better environment可将A、B排除；attendance：出勤, 一般指接受邀请或要求而主动参加, 与题意不符, 故只有appearance：出现, 符合题意。句子意思为：环境学家说野山羊存大草原的出现说明环境变好了。因此, 答案选D。 〖04上海〗In dealing with public relations,we should make every effort to prevent the______ in personality.‎ A.contact                  B.contrast                 C.connection                    D.conflict ‎〖答案〗D ‎〖考点〗本题考查名词辨析。‎ ‎〖解析〗contact：接触, contrast：对比, connection：联系, conflict：冲突。句子的意思为：在处理公共关系时, 我们应努力防止人格冲突。‎ ‎〖04上海〗Chinese arts have won the______ of a lot of people outside China.‎ A.enjoyment              B.appreciation                   C.entertainment         D.reputation ‎〖答案〗B ‎〖考点〗本题考查名词辨析。‎ ‎〖解析〗enjoyment：满意, 快乐；appreciation：欣赏、赏识；entertainment：娱乐；reputation：名声。根据句子的意思, 答案应该选B, 意思为：中国艺术享誉海外。‎ ‎〖04湖北〗Don’t leave matches or cigarettes on the table within______ of little children. ‎ A. hand                    B. reach                       C. space                      D. distance ‎〖答案〗B ‎〖考点〗本题考查名词辨析。‎ ‎〖解析〗hand支配；reach够得着的地方；space空间；distance距离。with（the）reach of是一个常用的介词短语搭配, 意思是 “在……的手能够得着的地方”。根据句意,答案选B项。‎ ‎〖04上海春〗The village is far away from here indeed. It’s      walk.  ‎ A. a four hour                              B. a four hours C. a four-hours                         D. a four hours ‎〖答案〗D ‎〖考点〗本题考查名词辨析。‎ ‎〖解析〗冠词、数词、量词和名词连用有两种形式：一种是a+数词+量词的名词所有格+名词, 如果数词大于…1’, 量词要用复数形式, 如：a four miles’ journey；另一种是：a+数词. 量词+名词, 这时量词用单数形式。如：a four-mile walk。 〖04上海春〗I have read the material several times but it doesn’t make any      to me.  ‎ A. meaning B. importance C. sense D. significance ‎〖答案〗C ‎〖考点〗本题考查名词辨析。‎ ‎〖解析〗meaning意义；含义；意图 importance价值；重要；重大；傲慢sense感觉, 官能；观念；道理；理智significance意义；重要性；意思 ‎〖03北京〗—_____I’m sorry I stepped outside for a smoke.I was very tired. ‎ ‎—There is no______ for this while you are on duty. ‎ A.reason              B.excuse C.cause      D.explanation ‎〖答案〗B ‎〖考点〗本题考查名词辨析。‎ ‎〖解析〗excuse理由、借口。说话人意为：你在值班的时候是没有任何理由出去的。reason原因；cause事情起因；explanation解释, 与句意不符。‎ ‎〖03上海〗The young dancers looked so charming in their beautiful clothes that we took　　　pictures of them.‎ A.many of             B.masses of C.the number of                   D.a large amount of ‎〖答案〗B ‎〖考点〗本题考查名词辨析。‎ ‎〖解析〗many直接修饰可数名词, 表很多；接介词of时, 表部分, 此时名词前需用定冠词the修饰。many修饰可数名词复数时不用of, 故A不可选。number用来表示大量、很多时, 应为a number of, 故C不可选。a large amount of用来修饰不可数名词, 而picture是可数名词, 故D也不可选。B项masses of是非正式的表达方式, 后跟可数名词。‎ ‎〖03上海〗 “I don't think it's my　　　that the TV blew up.I just turned it on, that’s all,” said the boy.‎ A.error           B.mistake C.fault         D.duty ‎〖答案〗C ‎〖考点〗本题考查名词辨析。‎ ‎〖解析〗error、mistake侧重于 “错误”这一客观事实；而fault侧重于造成差错的主观责任；duty则是指责任、义务、该做的事。题中说电视坏了, 这不是 “我”的责任, 也就是说 “不是‘我’造成的”。‎ ‎〖03上海〗One of the consequences of our planet's being warming up is a（n）　　　in the number of natural disasters. ‎ A.result              B.account C.reason             D.increase ‎〖答案〗D ‎〖考点〗本题考查名词辨析。‎ ‎〖解析〗account作名词时意思为 “原因；账户”；result意为 “结果”；reason意为 “理由, 原因”；increase意为 “增加”。原句是说地球升温造成的后果之一是 “增加”了自然灾害的数量, 故用increase。‎ ‎〖03上海〗Life is tough in the city.In order to lose their　　　, some people drink alcohol.‎ A.temper              B.mood C.consciousness             D.pressures ‎〖答案〗D ‎〖考点〗本题考查名词辨析。‎ ‎〖解析〗lose one’s temper意为 “发脾气”；mood意为 “心境, 情绪”；consciousness意为 “清醒, 意识”。第一句说 “在城市生活很困难”, 所以应是 “为了缓解压力”。‎ ‎〖03春北京〗The manager has got a good business            so the company is doing well.‎ A.idea                        B.sense C.thought               D.thinking ‎〖答案〗B ‎〖考点〗本题考查名词辨析。‎ ‎〖解析〗idea指对某件具体事物的看法或想法；thought指某人处理问题的一整套思想体系；thinking指某人在某种特定情况下的思维或考虑, 它们均不符题意。sense辨别力；鉴赏力。译文：这位经理有良好的商业意识, 因此公司经营良好。‎ ‎〖03安徽春〗If you’re driving to the airport. Can you give me a ________? A. hand B. seat C. drive D. lift 〖答案〗D ‎〖考点〗本题考查名词辨析。‎ ‎〖解析〗give sb a lift是 “免费搭私人车, 坐他人顺路车”的意思.‎ ‎〖03安徽春〗Perhaps we need to clear away these books to make _______for our new students. A. place B. area C. space D. room 〖答案〗D ‎〖考点〗本题考查名词辨析。‎ ‎〖解析〗place和area为可数名词, 在句中不能单独使用, 排除A、B；space和room可通用, 指不确定的范围, 可容下某物或达到某目的, 但make通常跟room搭配。‎ ‎〖03上海春〗The collapse of the World Trade Centre  has put US economy in a difficult           . ‎ A.occasion               B.case C.situation　           D.background ‎〖答案〗C ‎〖考点〗本题考查名词辨析。‎ ‎〖解析〗世贸大厦的倒塌将美国推到了一个困难的境地。‎ ‎〖03上海春〗More and more people choose to shop in a supermarket as it offers a great         of goods. ‎ A.variety                   B.mixture C.extension          D.combination ‎〖答案〗A ‎〖考点〗本题考查名词辨析。‎ ‎〖解析〗“a great variety of”意为 “品种繁多的”。‎ ‎〖03北京春〗The manager has got a good business ____ so the company is doing well. 　　A. idea　　 B. sense 　　C. thought 　　D. thinking 〖答案〗B ‎〖考点〗本题考查名词辨析。‎ ‎〖解析〗a good business sense良好的商业意识。‎ ‎〖02上海〗To regain their______after an exhausting game, the players lay in the grass. ‎ A.  force           B.  energy                C.  power                 D.  health ‎〖答案〗B ‎〖考点〗本题考查名词辨析。‎ ‎〖解析〗energy 表示体力, 其他词没有这个意思。‎ ‎〖02上海〗According to the recent research, heavy coffee drinking and heart attack is not necessarily______and effect. ‎ A.reason         B.impact                C.fact                    D.cause ‎〖答案〗D ‎〖考点〗本题考查词义理解和同义词辨析。‎ ‎〖解析〗reason意为 “理由”, 用来解释某种现象或结果, 或对事物的起因, 行为的意图等, 给予通情合理, 合乎逻辑的解释, 而不是简单直接地说明起因。eg. When he was still a young man, he was forced to leave his homeland for political reasons. impact意为 “强烈的影响；强烈的印象；冲击”。eg. The incident had a strong impact on the residents. fact意为 “事实, 真相实情”指something that you know—has happened or is true。eg. It’s a fact that the earth travels around the sun. cause意为 “原因”, 指造成某一事实现象或产生某种结果的直接原因, 常和effect连用, 表因果。eg. Poor foundations were the cause of the building’s collapse. 不坚固的地基是大楼倒塌的原因。I don’t know the cause and effect of it. 我不知道此事的成因和影响。‎ ‎〖02上海〗Every new______has the possibility of making or losing money. ‎ A. event               B. venture               C. adventure             D. expectation ‎〖答案〗B ‎〖考点〗本题考查名词辨析。‎ ‎〖解析〗event指较重要的事件；venture指以生命或金钱做赌注而带有危险性的商业企图；adventure指惊险的事、奇遇；expedition指为寻找或做某种事的远行探险。本题涉及making or losing money, 因此选B。‎ ‎〖02上海春〗For the sake of her daughter’s health, she decided to move to a warm　　　. ‎ A. weather　　        B. temperature                C. season　　　        D. climate ‎〖答案〗D ‎〖考点〗本题考查名词在具体语境中的词义辨析。‎ ‎〖解析〗weather（天气）, 不可数, 不能与不定冠词连用；season（季节）, temperature（温度）皆与句意不合；climate（气候）指一个地方一定时期内较为稳定的天气情况, 与句意吻合。全句的意思是"为了她女儿健康起见, 她决定搬迁到一个气候温暖的地方去"。答案：D。   ‎ ‎〖02上海春〗I saw Bob play the piano at John’s party and on that　　　he was simply brilliant. ‎ A. scene　           B.  circumstance                C.  occasion　　　  D.  situation ‎〖答案〗C ‎〖考点〗本题考查名词辨析。‎ ‎〖解析〗 occasion时刻, 场合的意思；on that occasion意为 “在那一刻”。在约翰的派对上, 我看到了鲍勃弹钢琴。那次他弹得实在太好了。‎ ‎〖02上海春〗It can’t be a（n）　　　 that four jewelry stores were robbed in one night. ‎ A. coincidence          B. accident                 C. incident　         D. chance ‎〖答案〗A ‎〖考点〗本题考查名词辨析。‎ ‎〖解析〗本句的意思是:一个晚上有四家珠宝店被抢劫,这决不会是一个巧合。 coincidence"巧合,巧合的事";accident"偶然的事、事故";incident"事件、事变";chance"机会"。‎