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江苏高考专题一语法知识特殊句式与主谓一致

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第9讲 特殊句式与主谓一致 ‎1.The publication of Great Expectations,which________both widely reviewed and highly praised,strengthened Dickens’ status as a leading novelist.(2017·江苏,24)‎ A.is B.are C.was D.were 答案 C 解析 考查时态和主谓一致。句意为:《远大前程》这部小说的出版发行受到了广泛评论和高度赞扬,这巩固了狄更斯作为顶尖小说家的地位。空格处与后面的reviewed和praised一起构成定语从句的谓语,根据主句谓语strengthened判断这里用一般过去时;定语从句的关系词which指代主句的“the publication of Great Expectations”,主语核心词是publication,故be动词用was。因此选C。‎ ‎2.Nowadays,cycling,along with jogging and swimming,________ as one of the best all-round forms of exercise.(2017·天津,6)‎ A.regard B.is regarded C.are regarded D.regards 答案 B 解析 考查主谓一致和语态。句意为:如今,骑行与慢跑、游泳一起被认为是最全面的运动方式之一。当主语后面接由along with引起的短语时,谓语动词应和主语(cycling)保持一致,排除A、C两项;cycling与regard之间是被动关系,应用被动语态,排除D项。故选B项。‎ ‎3.It was when I got back to my apartment ________ I first came across my new neighbors.‎ ‎(2017·天津,11)‎ A.who B.where C.which D.that 答案 D 解析 考查强调句型的判定。句意为:正是当我回到公寓时,我第一次偶然遇见了我的新邻居们。强调句的判断方法是将It is/was与that/who去掉,然后看剩余的部分是不是一个成分完整的句子。经判断,“When I got back to my apartment,I first came across my new neighbors.”‎ 句子成分完整,由此可断定本句是强调句,并且强调的是时间状语,故空格处应用that。‎ ‎4.Not until recently ________ the development of tourists-related activities in the rural areas.(2016·江苏,34)‎ A.they had encouraged B.had they encouraged ‎ C.did they encourage D.they encouraged 答案 C 解析 考查倒装句。句意为:直到最近他们才鼓励农村地区发展与旅游相关的活动。根据句首的Not until可知,本句要用部分倒装形式,先排除A、D两项;encourage表示的动作已经发生,故用一般过去时。‎ ‎5.You are waiting at a wrong place.It is at the hotel ________ the coach picks up tourists.‎ ‎(2016·天津,13)‎ A.who B.which C.where D.that 答案 D 解析 考查强调句型的判定。句意为:你等错地方了。长途公共汽车是在旅馆接的游客。强调句的判断方法是将It is/was与that/who去掉后,句子意思依然清楚,结构依然完整。经判断,“The coach picks up tourists at the hotel.”句子成分完整,句意明确,故本句是强调句。因强调的内容是地点,故空格处应填that。‎ ‎6.Only when Lily walked into the office ________ that she had left the contract at home.‎ ‎(2015·天津,3)‎ A.she realized B.has she realized ‎ C.she has realized D.did she realize 答案 D 解析 考查倒装及时态。句意为:直到莉莉走进办公室时,她才意识到她把合同忘在家里了。“only+状语从句”位于句首表示强调时,主句要用部分倒装。根据时间状语“when Lily walked into the office”可知要用一般过去时。故答案为D。‎ ‎7.Bach died in 1750,but it was not until the early 19th century ________ his musical gift was fully recognized.(2015·重庆,9)‎ A.while B.though C.that D.after 答案 C 解析 考查强调句。句意为:巴赫于1750年去世,但是他的音乐才能一直到19世纪早期才完全被认可。本句是一个强调句型,其基本结构是:It is/was+被强调部分+that+其他,本句被强调部分是not until the early 19th century。故选C。‎ ‎8.If ________ for the job,you’ll be informed soon.(2015·北京,31)‎ A.to accept B.accept C.accepting D.accepted 答案 D 解析 考查省略句。句意为:如果你被录用做这份工作的话,你将会很快得到通知。本题中if之后省略了主语和be动词,补充完整为:If you are accepted for the job,所以选D。‎ ‎9.It is important to remember that success ________ a sum of small efforts made each day and often ________ years of achieve.(2015·湖南,27)‎ A.is;takes B.are;takes C.are;take D.is;take 答案 A 解析 考查主谓一致。句意为:成功是每天所做的一些小小的努力的总和,它常常需要很多年的时间才能实现,记住这些很重要。此处success是不可数名词,作主语时,谓语动词用单数。故选A项。‎ ‎10.Always ________ in mind that your main task is to get this company running smoothly.‎ ‎(2015·湖南,31)‎ A.to keep B.to have kept C.keep D.have kept 答案 C 解析 考查祈使句。句意为:一直要记住:你的主要任务是使这家公司运转顺利。祈使句一般以动词原形开头,故用keep。keep in mind记住,是固定搭配。‎ ‎11.No sooner ________ stepped on the stage than the audience broke into thunderous applause.‎ ‎(2014·陕西,17)‎ A.had Mo Yan B.Mo Yan had C.has Mo Yan D.Mo Yan has 答案 A 解析 考查倒装及时态。no sooner had sb.done...than...引导时间状语从句,且当no ‎ sooner位于主句句首时,主句用部分倒装,即将主句中的助动词、系动词或情态动词提到其主语前,排除B、D两项;由从句时态可知用过去完成时,助动词had提前。故选A。‎ ‎12.It was the culture,rather than the language,________ made it hard for him to adapt to the new environment abroad.(2014·福建,29)‎ A.where B.why C.that D.what 答案 C 解析 考查强调句。句意为:是风俗文化而不是语言,使他很难适应国外的新环境。这里强调主语部分the culture,rather than the language,所以用that引导。故选C。‎ ‎13.Was it because Jack came late for school ________ Mr Smith got angry?(2014·四川,3)‎ A.why B.who C.where D.that 答案 D 解析 考查强调句。句意为:是不是因为Jack上学迟到史密斯先生才生气的?此题考查的是强调句的一般疑问句,所强调的是主句的原因状语从句because Jack came late for school,故选that。‎ ‎14.________ me tomorrow and I’ll let you know the lab result.(2014·大纲全国,33)‎ A.Calling B.Call C.To call D.Having called 答案 B 解析 考查祈使句。句意为:明天给我打电话,我会让你知道实验结果的。分析句子结构可知,此处是“祈使句+and+简单句”这一固定句式结构。故B项正确。‎ ‎15.All we need ________ a small piece of land where we can plant various kinds of fruit trees throughout the growing seasons of the year.(2014·湖南,32)‎ A.are B.was C.is D.were 答案 C 解析 考查主谓一致和动词的时态。根据表语a small piece of land可知谓语用单数,且根据从句的时态可知所填词用一般现在时,故选C。‎ ‎16.—I spent two weeks in London last summer.‎ ‎—Then you must have visited the British Museum during your stay,_____ you?(2014·重庆,10)‎ A.mustn’t B.haven’t C.didn’t D.hadn’t 答案 C 解析 考查反意疑问句。答语句意为:那你在伦敦逗留期间肯定去看过大英博物馆,对吗?must have done在句中表示对过去事实的推测,当句末有反意疑问的语气时,可分为两种情况:(1)句中没有明确的过去时间状语时,反意疑问句结构为“haven’t/hasn’t...?”;(2)句中有明确的过去时间状语时,结构为“didn’t...?”。题中last summer表示的是一个确定的过去时间,故C项正确。‎ ‎17.“Never for a second,” the boy says,“________that my father would come to my rescue.”(2013·江苏,27)‎ A.I doubted B.do I doubt C.I have doubted D.did I doubt 答案 D ‎ 解析 句意为:这个男孩说:“我从不怀疑我父亲会来救我。”当否定副词或具有否定含义的短语置于句首时,句子常用部分倒装。故本题要用部分倒装。再根据would come to...可知,是在讲过去发生的事,故用过去时。‎ ‎18.At no time________the rules of the game.It was unfair to punish them.(2013·辽宁,26)‎ A.they actually broke B.do they actually break C.did they actually break D.they had actually broken 答案 C 解析 考查倒装句型。at no time为介词短语,当其位于句首时,句子应该用部分倒装,根据第二个句子可知时态为过去时。故选C。‎ ‎19.The driver wanted to park his car near the roadside but was asked by the police________.‎ ‎(2013·新课标全国Ⅰ,28)‎ A.not to do B.not to C.not do D.do not 答案 B 解析 考查不定式的否定及省略。句意为:司机想把车停在路边,但是警察提醒他不可以。句中by the police为干扰部分,可以去掉,句式为ask sb.to do sth.的被动语态的否定形式。A选项后加it也正确。‎ ‎20.Generally,students’ inner motivation with high expectations from others ________ essential to their development.(2013·江苏,21)‎ A.is B.are C.was D.were 答案 A ‎ 解析 考查时态与主谓一致。句意为:一般来说,来自别人较高的期望值与学生内在的驱动力对他们的发展至关重要。分析句子结构可知,该句的主语部分为students’ inner motivation with high expectations from others,中心词inner motivation为第三人称单数。该题说的是普遍现象,故用一般现在时。‎ ‎1.在复习复合句的倒装时,要注意分清倒装主句还是倒装从句。一般来说要倒装主句,从句倒装包括两种情形:一是as引导的让步状语从句;二是if虚拟条件句。在if虚拟条件句中,如果从句中含有should,were或had,可把if省去,把should,were或had提到主语前构成倒装。‎ Child as he is,he knows a lot.‎ 虽然他是个孩子,但他懂得很多。‎ Had I known her telephone number,I would have rung her up.‎ 如果我知道她的电话号码,我早就打电话给她了。‎ ‎2.在not only...but also...;hardly...when...;no sooner...than...结构中,前半部分倒装而后半部分不倒装。‎ Hardly had the game begun when it started raining.‎ 比赛刚刚开始就下起雨来了。‎ ‎3.强调句型It is/was...that/who...结构中,it是引导词,本身没有词义,仅起连接作用。‎ It was not until a few months later that he knew the story.‎ 直到几个月后,他才知道这故事。‎ ‎4.当状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致或从句的主语为it,且从句谓语动词为be时,可以省略从句的主语和be。‎ Be careful while (you are) crossing the street.‎ 过街时要小心。‎ If (it is) possible,he will help you out of the difficulty.‎ 如果可能的话,他会帮助你摆脱困境。‎ ‎5.由with,along with,together with,like,but,except,besides,as well as,rather than,including,in addition to等连接的并列名词作主语,谓语动词的单复数形式取决于前面的名词。‎ He as well as I is responsible for it.‎ 不但是我,他对这件事也有责任。‎ ‎6.“so+助动词/系动词/情态动词+主语”表示前面提到的肯定的情况也适合后者;“so+主语+助动词/系动词/情态动词”表示“……的确如此”。‎ He has been to China,so have we.‎ 他去过中国,我们也去过。‎ ‎—He works hard.‎ ‎—So he does.‎ ‎——他工作努力。‎ ‎——他确实是这样。‎ ‎7.“only+状语(从句)”位于句首时句子要用部分倒装;“only+主语”位于句首时句子不倒装。‎ Only in this way can the experiment succeed.‎ 惟有这样做,试验才能成功。‎ Only his father was right.‎ 只有他的父亲是对的。‎ ‎8.在以地点副词here,there开头的倒装句中,如果句子的主语是人称代词,主语和谓语不需要倒装。比较:‎ Here he comes.他来了。‎ Here comes the teacher.老师来了。‎ ‎9.由and连接的两个并列成分作主语,谓语动词通常用复数;但当and连接的两个词语指同一人、同一事或同一概念时,谓语动词用单数。‎ The secretary and manager was present at the meeting.‎ 书记兼经理出席了会议。‎ The secretary and the manager were present at the meeting.‎ 书记和经理出席了会议。‎ ‎10.强调句与其他句型的结合考查,如与定语从句、not...until...句型的结合考查。‎ It was in this factory where his father once worked that he found a job.‎ 他在父亲曾经工作过的工厂找到了一份工作。‎ It was not until he got seriously ill that he knew the importance of health.‎ 直到他生了重病,才知道健康的重要性。‎ ‎11.介词but的前面有do时,后面的不定式省略to。即前有do,后无to。‎ We could do nothing but wait here.‎ 我们除了在这儿等,什么也不能干。‎ ‎12.一些集合名词如audience,committee,family,class,group,team等,如果指整体意义,谓语动词用单数;如果指具体的成员,谓语动词用复数。‎ The committee is to deal with this matter.‎ 委员会要处理这起事件。‎ The committee are divided in opinion.‎ 委员们意见不一致。‎ ‎13.“many a+单数名词”和“more than one+单数名词”是复数意义,但谓语动词用单数。‎ Many a boy likes playing basketball.‎ 许多男生都喜欢打篮球。‎ More than one student is in favor of the plan.‎ 许多学生支持这一计划。‎ ‎1.It is not so much the language ________ the cultural background ________ makes the film difficult to understand.(2017·仪征中学检测,28)‎ A.that;as B.what;as C.as;that D.as;what 答案 C 解析 考查强调句。句意为:与其说是语言倒不如说是文化背景使得电影难以理解。not so much...as...为固定短语,意为“与其说……倒不如说……”。第二空的that和句首的it ‎ is构成强调句型,强调句子的主语。‎ ‎2.At the back of the old temple ________ twelve huge stone statues together with ________ pagoda.(2017·亭湖检测,21)‎ A.does stand;a 8-storeyed B.do stand;a 8-story C.stands;an 8-storey D.stand;an 8-storey 答案 D 解析 考查倒装句。句意为:在古庙的后面有12个巨大的石像还有一个八层的佛塔。这句话是地点状语提前的倒装句,用完全倒装,谓语提前,因为主语是twelve huge stone statues together with ________ pagoda,together with连接两个主语时,谓语和前面的主语保持一致,故这里谓语用复数;第二空是复合形容词,8-storey以元音音素开头,故用不定冠词an。故选D项。‎ ‎3.Only after we value growth enough to start enlarging ourselves ________ through a strong barrier.(2017·镇江期中,34)‎ A.we have broken B.did we break C.have we broken D.we broke 答案 C 解析 考查倒装句。句意为:只有在我们充分重视增长来扩大自我之后,我们才算突破了一个强大的障碍。“only+状语/状语从句”位于句首时,句子要用部分倒装,故排除A、D两项;根据从句的时态是一般现在时可知,此处主句要用现在完成时。故选C项。‎ ‎4.—Have you got any plans for the New Year’s Day Holiday?‎ ‎—Yes.________ possible,I’m going to travel in Beijing.(2017·苏北四市调研,29)‎ A.Though B.Unless C.While D.If 答案 D 解析 考查状语从句的省略。句意为:——你已经有元旦假期的计划了吗?——是的。如果有可能的话,我打算去北京旅游。分析句子成分可知,本题为状语从句的省略结构。根据句意可知If possible符合。If possible=If it is possible表示“如果有可能”。‎ ‎5.I don’t think he could have held an important job in government a few years ago,________?‎ ‎(2017·盐城景山中学调研,35)‎ A.did he B.do I C.could he D.has he 答案 A 解析 考查反意疑问句。句意为:我认为几年前他不可能在政府里担任重要的工作,是吗?当主句是I think/believe/suppose/imagine等时,其后的反意疑问句要反问从句,且从句中的could have done是表示对过去情况的推测。故答案为A。‎ ‎6.Could it be in the restaurant ________ we had a dinner last night ________ you left your key?‎ ‎(2017·盐城景山中学调研,22)‎ A.that;where B.in which;where C.where;that D.where;where 答案 C 解析 考查强调句型和定语从句。句意为:你会不会是在我们昨晚吃饭的那个饭店里丢了你的钥匙?第一空where引导定语从句,修饰restaurant;第二空为强调句型,强调地点状语in the restaurant。‎ ‎7.Tony always works out development schemes faster than others.Is it ________ he graduated from a top university ________ counts?(2017·盐城中学月考,34)‎ A.because;that B.that;which C.that;that D.why;what 答案 C 解析 考查主语从句和强调句。句意为:托尼制定发展规划总是比别人快。难道和他毕业于一所顶尖的大学有关吗?此处为强调句,强调主语,而主语是that引导的主语从句。故选C项。‎ ‎8.________ more than 100 small regions of isolated volcanic activity known to geologists as hot spots.(2017·盐城中学月考,33)‎ A.Scattered around the globe are B.Scattering are around the globe C.Are around the globe scattered D.Are scattered around the globe 答案 A 解析 ‎ 考查倒装句。句意为:地球上散落分布着100多个小而离散的火山活跃区,地质学家称之为“热点”。正常语序是More than 100 small regions of isolated volcanic activity known to geologists as hot spots are scattered around the globe.表语提前,把系动词提到主语前面构成倒装。‎ ‎9.He doesn’t own an NBA championship ring,________ in the face with champagne(香槟) after the NBA finals.(2017·宿迁青华中学月考,32)‎ A.he has neither been sprayed B.nor has he been sprayed C.either has he been sprayed D.so he has been sprayed 答案 B 解析 考查倒装句。句意为:他没有自己的NBA总冠军戒指,也没有在NBA总决赛后被香槟酒喷到脸上。not...nor...既不……也不……,否定词置于句首时,句子要用倒装结构。故选B项。‎ ‎10.I’m sure you’d rather she went to school by bus,________?(2017·启东中学月考,29)‎ A.hadn’t you B.wouldn’t you C.aren’t I D.didn’t she 答案 B 解析 考查反意疑问句。句意为:我确定你宁愿让她坐公交车去学校,是不是?此处考查的是I’m sure引导的从句的反意疑问句,应该是与后面的从句保持一致;在从句中涉及到了would rather的虚拟语气的使用,但并不影响反意疑问句的生成,故用wouldn’t you即可。故选 B项。‎ ‎11.—How was the televised debate last night?‎ ‎—Super!Rarely ________ so much media attention.(2017·启东中学月考,23)‎ A.a debate attracted B.did a debate attract C.a debate did attract D.attracted a debate 答案 B 解析 考查倒装句。否定副词rarely表示“很少地,罕有地”位于句首时后面的句子要用部分倒装,即“助动词+主语+动词”的形式。故选B项。‎ ‎12.—________ that otherwise successful people and companies don’t break through to the next level?‎ ‎—I think they are too content with themselves to move on.(2017·南京学情调研,29)‎ A.How it is B.How is it C.What it is D.What is it 答案 B 解析 考查强调句。句意为:——原本可能成功的人和公司为何没能突破到下一个层次?——我想他们太自满而无法进步。分析句子成分可知,本题为强调句的特殊疑问句形式。强调句型的特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+is/was+it+that...。根据句意可知How is it符合。‎ ‎13.Anne lost her wallet and Mother wasn’t surprised that ________ as she was too careless.‎ ‎(2017·镇江一模,34)‎ A.she was so B.so was she C.so did she D.she did so 答案 D 解析 考查省略句。句意为:Anne丢了钱包,但是她妈妈对此一点都不感到惊讶,因为她太粗心了。she did so相当于she lost her wallet,为了避免重复,用此结构。故选D项。‎ ‎14.Years may wrinkle the skin,but it is to give up enthusiasm ________ wrinkles the soul.‎ ‎(2017·苏锡常镇四市一模,29)‎ A.who B.which C.that D.when 答案 C 解析 考查强调句。句意为:岁月流逝只令容颜苍老,但是激情不再却能使心灵枯萎。强调句型:It is/was+被强调部分+that+其余部分。本句对主语to give up enthusiasm进行了强调。故选C项。‎ ‎15.—How impressive John’s painting is!‎ ‎—Actually,it was 2 years after he retired ________ he started to learn drawing.‎ ‎(2017·苏北六市联考,31)‎ A.before B.since C.until D.that 答案 D 解析 考查强调句。句意为:——John的画给人的印象好深刻啊!——事实上,他退休两年后才开始学画画的。根据句子结构可知,此句为强调句,被强调部分为时间状语2 years after he retired。故选D项。‎ ‎16.As a common sense,children’s involvement in social activities,athletics and hobbies ________ just as important as academic achievement.(2016·苏锡常镇四市一模,22)‎ A.is B.are C.was D.were 答案 A 解析 考查主谓一致。句意为:孩子参加社会活动、体育运动和业余爱好是和学业成就同等重要的,这是常识。句子的主语是children’s involvement,是单数形式;另外作为常识,应用一般现在时。‎ ‎17.________ on mobile phones for storing information that people are unable to remember basic things.(2016·苏锡常镇四市一模,29)‎ A.Such is the dependence B.Such dependence does C.So they are dependent D.So do they depend 答案 A 解析 考查倒装句。句意为:这就是人们对手机储存信息的依赖,以至于人们记不住最基本的东西。such...that...结构表示“如此……以至于……”,such实际上是be动词后的表语,被提前到了句首。C项如改为So dependent are they也正确。‎ ‎18.Dogs barked madly while fish jumped out of water.In no time ________ as a prediction of a coming earthquake.‎ A.the phenomena were noticed B.the phenomena was noticed C.were the phenomena noticed D.was the phenomena noticed 答案 A 解析 考查倒装结构及主谓一致。句意为:狗疯狂地叫,鱼儿跳出水面。这些预示地震即将到来的现象立刻引起了注意。in no time立刻,马上,不含否定含义,因此置于句首时句子不需要倒装。另外phenomena为phenomenon的复数形式。故选A项。‎ ‎19.“Not until I knew much about Nanking Massacre,”the foreigner says,“________ the significance of setting the National Memorial Day.”‎ A.had I understood B.did I understand C.I have understood D.I understood 答案 B 解析 考查倒装句。句意为:这个外国人说:“直到我了解了很多关于南京大屠杀的事,我才意识到设立国家公祭日的重要性。”“not until+从句”放在了句首,引起主句部分倒装;另外understand这一动作发生在know之后,不需要用过去完成时,故选B项。‎ ‎20.—Sorry,Joe.I did not mean to...‎ ‎—Don’t call me “Joe”.I am Mr Parker to you,and ________ you forget it!‎ A.mustn’t B.didn’t C.shouldn’t D.don’t 答案 D 解析 考查祈使句。句意为:——对不起,Joe。我没打算……。——不要叫我“Joe”,对你来说我是帕克先生,你没有忘了吧!祈使句的否定结构是在句子前面加do not或don’t。故选D项。‎