最高考高考英语语法精讲精练专题八定语从句常考点 9页

专题八　定语从句常考点 定语从句是英语语法学习中的一大难关，也是高考中的常考点。主要考查引导定语从句的关系代词和关系副词的选择；非限制性定语从句(特别是当先行词是整个句子时)，由“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句等。做有关定语从句题目时，一定要将先行词还原到从句里，看其在从句部分充当什么成分。‎ 　　关系代词和关系副词的基本用法 ‎ 关系代词 指人 指物 主语 宾语 定语 表语 主语 宾语 定语 表语 that，who that，who，‎ whom ‎(可省)‎ whose that that，which that，‎ which ‎(可省)‎ whose that 关系副词 时间 地点 原因 when＝介词＋which where＝介词＋which why＝for which ‎[注]学习定语从句时，必须加强对从句句子结构的分析，切记关系代词在定语从句中作主语、宾语、定语和表语，而关系副词在定语从句中作状语。‎ 用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空：‎ ‎①I still remember the day ________ we studied together.‎ I still remember the day ________ we spent together.‎ ‎②This is the factory ________ he used to work.‎ This is the factory ________ we visited yesterday.‎ This is the factory ________ makes this kind of car.‎ ‎③This is the reason ________ he explained.‎ This is the reason ________ he failed in the exam.‎ ‎④I don't know the way ________ he used last time.‎ I don't know the way ________ he solved the problem last time.‎ ‎【答案】①when；that/which/不填　②where；that/which/不填；that/which　③that/which/不填；why　④that/which/不填；that/in which/不填 　　介词＋关系代词 ‎ 介词后只能用which指物，whom 指人，不可用that。介词的选用可根据从句中相关词组确定，也可结合句意根据先行词确定。该介词也可放在从句之尾。‎ 用适当的“介词＋关系代词”填空：‎ ‎①He is the person ________ we should learn.‎ ‎②The bag ________ he put his books is lost.‎ ‎③The man ________ she is talking is a doctor.‎ ‎④The train ________ he was travelling was late.‎ ‎【答案】①from whom　②in/into which　③to/about whom　④on which 　　关系代词 as的用法 ‎ 用于限制性定语从句中：当先行词被so，as，such，the same所修饰时，关系代词用as指人或物，而不用which。‎ 用于非限制性定语从句中： 非限制性定语从句，特别是先行词是整个主句时，由which和as引导的非限制性定语从句，是高考命题的热点。‎ ‎[注] as引导的非限制性定语从句与which引导的非限制性定语从句的区别：‎ as引导的非限制性定语从句可以放在主句前、插在主句中间或放在主句末尾，而which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句后面；as引导的从句有“正如”之意，而which则没此意。‎ 用适当的关系词填空：‎ ‎①This is such a heavy bag ________ I can't carry.‎ This is such a heavy bag ________ I can't carry it .‎ ‎②This is the same place ________ I visited three years ago.‎ This is the same place ________ I worked three years ago.‎ ‎③He failed in the exam，________ made his father very angry.‎ He failed in the exam，________ I had expected.‎ ‎④A lot of language learning, ________ has been discovered, is happening in the first year of life, so parents should talk much to their children during that period. ‎ ‎【答案】①as；that　②as；where　③which；as　④as 　　并列句和非限制性定语从句的判断 ‎ 并列句是由两个简单句组成的，句子中间必须要有并列连词；而定语从句是由主句和从句构成的。‎ 完成下列句子：‎ ‎①He has two brothers，and both of ________ are workers.‎ He has two brothers，both of ________ are workers.‎ ‎②China has hundreds of islands，the largest of ________ is Taiwan.‎ China has hundreds of islands，and the largest of ________ is Taiwan.‎ ‎③He may not come，in ________ case we will not wait for him.‎ He may not come and in ________ case we will not wait for him.‎ ‎【答案】①them；whom　②which；them　③which；that 　　先行词模糊化 ‎ 表地点的先行词模糊化在句中作状语时用关系副词where，相当于in which；在句中作主语和宾语仍用关系代词。常见的词有：point，situation，position，profession，job，case，system，scene，activity，society，culture，strategy，model，accident，economy，crime等；常见的表时间的词有：period，occasion，stage，interval，stay等。‎ 用适当的关系词填空：‎ ‎①This is one point ________ we must insist on.‎ I have reached a point in my life ________ I am supposed to make decisions of my own.‎ ‎②Occasions are quite rare ________ I have the time to spend a day with my kids.‎ ‎【答案】①that/which/不填；where　②when 　　定语从句中的数要保持一致 ‎ 关系代词指代的是先行词，因此定语从句中的谓语在数上应与先行词保持一致。‎ 完成下列句子：‎ ‎①Those who ________(break) the law should be punished.‎ ‎＝Anyone who ________(break)the law should be punished.‎ ‎＝Whoever ________(break) the law should be punished.‎ ‎②He is one of the students who ________praised at yesterday's meeting.‎ He is the one of the students who ________praised at yesterday's meeting.‎ ‎【答案】①break；breaks；breaks　②were；was 　　定语从句中含有插入语 ‎ 定语从句和先行词之间常常会有I think，you know，I believe，I thought 等插入语。做此类题目时，我们要先去除插入语，再选择正确的关系词。‎ 完成下列句子：‎ ‎①This is the school ________ you know I once studied.‎ ‎②I picked up a man ________ I thought was honest.‎ ‎＝I picked up a man ________ I thought to be honest.‎ ‎③He made a discovery，________(我认为) is very important.‎ ‎【答案】①where　②who；that/who/whom/不填　③which I think 　　只能用that 或which的情况 ‎ 只用that 的场合：‎ ‎①当先行词既指人又指物时。‎ ‎②当先行词是不定代词anything，nothing，everything，all，some，little，few，much，none 或被不定代词修饰时。‎ ‎③当先行词被形容词最高级或序数词所修饰时。‎ ‎④当先行词被the only和the very所修饰时。‎ ‎⑤当先行词在定语从句中作表语时。‎ ‎⑥当要避免与疑问词which重复时。‎ 只用which 的场合：‎ ‎①“介词＋which”，指物。‎ ‎②非限制性定语从句中。‎ ‎③防止重复。‎ ‎④指人的性质身份时，而不是指人时。‎ 用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空：‎ ‎①He told us all ________ had happened.‎ ‎②This is the most interesting film________ I have ever seen.‎ ‎③This is the first place ________ we visited yesterday.‎ This is the first place ________ we worked.‎ ‎④This is the only plant ________ grows in the area.‎ The earth is unlikely to be the only planet ________ life has developed gradually.‎ ‎⑤The glasses without ________ he couldn't see clearly were lost.‎ ‎⑥I said nothing，________ made him angry.‎ ‎【答案】①that　②that/不填　③that/不填；where　④that；where　⑤which　⑥which 　　关系代词whose的用法 ‎ 在高考中，关系代词whose的考点频繁出现。在定语从句中，作定语的关系代词用whose，在表示某物时，相当于the＋n.＋of which 或of which＋the＋n.。‎ 用适当的关系词填空：‎ ‎①Do you know the man in ________ car she came here?‎ ‎②The man pulled out a gold watch，________ hands were made of small diamonds.‎ ‎＝The man pulled out a gold watch，the hands of ________ were made of small diamonds.‎ ‎＝The man pulled out a gold watch，of ________ the hands were made of small diamonds.‎ ‎【答案】①whose　②whose；which；which 　　找准先行词 ‎ 一般说来，定语从句是跟在它所修饰的先行词之后，但有时也会出现先行词和定语从句被一个词或一个短语所分隔，或者谓语太短等情况，这时我们要根据定语从句的句意判断哪一个词是先行词。‎ 用适当的关系词填空：‎ ‎①I've become good friends with several of the students in my school ________ I met in the English speech contest last year.‎ ‎②She'll never forget her stay there ________ she found her son who had gone missing two years before.‎ ‎③The days are gone ________ we used the foreign oil.‎ ‎【答案】①whom/who　②when　③when 　　“the one＋that/which/where”和that，which，where的区别 ‎ 完成下列句子：‎ ‎①Is this the museum ________ you visited last year?‎ Is this museum ________ you visited last year?‎ ‎②Is this museum ________ you worked last year?‎ Is this the museum ________ you worked last year?‎ ‎【答案】①that/which/不填；the one that/which或the one ‎②the one where/where；where/in which 　　from where和since when结构的区别 ‎ 完成下列句子：‎ ‎①They stood at the window，from ________ they could see what was happening in the street.‎ ‎②The book was written in 1946，since ________ the education system has witnessed great changes.‎ ‎【答案】①where　②when ‎1. (2014·江苏卷)The book has helped me greatly in my daily communication, especially at work ________ a good impression is a must. ‎ A. which B. when C. as D. where ‎2. (2014·江西卷)Among the many dangers ________ sailors have to face, probably the greatest of all is fog.‎ A. which B. what C. where D. when ‎3. (2014·陕西卷)Please send us all the information ________ you have about the candidate for the position.‎ A. that B. which C. as D. what ‎4. (2014·重庆卷)We'll reach the sales targets in a month ________ we set at the beginning of the year.‎ A. which B. where C. when D. what ‎5. (2014·安徽卷)The exact year ________ Angola and her family spent together in China was 2008. ‎ A. when B. where C. why D. which ‎6. (2013·江苏卷)The president of the World Bank says he has a passion for China，________ he remembers starting as early as his childhood.‎ A. where B. which C. what D. when ‎7. (2013·浙江卷)The museum will open in the spring with an exhibition and a viewing platform________ visitors can watch the big glass houses being built.‎ A. what B. where C. when D. why ‎8. (2013·安徽卷)Mo Yan was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2012，________ made one of the Chinese people's long－held dreams come true.‎ A. it B. that C. what D. which ‎9. (2013·陕西卷)________ is often the case with children，Amy was better by the time the doctor arrived.‎ A. It B. That C. What D. As ‎10. (2012·江苏卷)After the flooding，people were suffering in that area，________ urgently needed clean water，medicine and shelter to survive.‎ A. which B. who C. where D. what ‎【答案】1. D　2. A　3. A　4. A　5. D　6. B　7. B　8. D ‎9. D　10. B ‎1. Do you know the man ________？‎ A. whom I spoke B. to who I spoke C. I spoke to D. that I spoke ‎2. I am very grateful to my high school teachers，without ________ help I wouldn't be so excellent.‎ A. whom B. them C. which D. whose ‎3. —Where did you meet him while in Beijing?‎ ‎—It was in the hotel ________ I stayed.‎ A. that B. which C. when D. where ‎4. The settlement is home to nearly 1，000 people，many of ________ leaving their village homes for a better life in the city.‎ A. whom B. which C. them D. those ‎5. The time is not far away ________ modern communications will become widespread in China's vast countryside.‎ A. as B. when C. until D. before ‎6. He talked a lot about things and persons ________ they remembered in the school.‎ A. which B. that C. whom D. what ‎7. Her sister has become a lawyer，________ she wanted to be.‎ A. who B. that C. what D. which ‎8. I'm told that languagepractising.com is a free website ________ learners can not just learn various languages but also chat online.‎ A. where B. which C. that D. what ‎9. The way ________ he looks at problems is wrong.‎ A. which B. whose C. what D. /‎ ‎10. By serving others，a person focuses on someone other than himself or herself，________ can be very eye－opening and rewarding.‎ A. who B. that C. which D. what ‎11. My neighbours used to give me a hand in time of trouble，________ was very kind of them.‎ A. who B. which C. that D. it ‎12. He's got himself into a dangerous situation ________ he is likely to lose control over the plane.‎ A. where B. which C. while D. why ‎13. Young people who have got jobs may realize university lessons can't be the only preparation for all of the situations ________ appear in the working world.‎ A. where B. when C. that D. what ‎14. The manager had to go to Beijing on business on June 23，________ happened to be his only son's birthday.‎ A. when B. that C. which D. what ‎15. The picture often reminds me of the happy hours time and again ________ I was playing happily with my friends during the holidays.‎ A. how B. that C. when D. where ‎16. Nowadays teenagers like to go to fast food restaurants，________ serve junk food.‎ A. which B. who C. what D. where ‎17. Is this research centre ________ you visited the modern equipment last year?‎ A. which B. that C. the one where D. the one that ‎18. She is such a good teacher ________ we all love and respect.‎ A. that B. as C. so D. who ‎19. The volunteers paid a visit to all the senior citizens in the community，most of ________ are aged from 70 to over 90 years old.‎ A. whom B. those C. them D. which ‎20. Last week，we watched Beijing Opera，________ style was unfamiliar to most of us.‎ A. what B. which C. where D. whose ‎21．The school shop, ________ customers are mainly students, is closed for the holidays. ‎ A. which B. whose C. when D. where ‎22. My pen friend sent me an e－mail yesterday ________ he described how he spent his summer holiday. ‎ A. when B. where C. what D. which ‎23. Last term our English teacher set so difficult an examination problem ________ none of us worked out.‎ A. as B. that C. which D. whose ‎24. That evening, ________ I will tell you more about later, I ended up working very late. ‎ A. that B. which C. what D. when ‎25. There was a time in my life ________ I hated to go to school because I didn't get on well with my classmates.‎ A. that B. when C. what D. which ‎26. You'll find taxis waiting at the bus station ________ you can hire to reach your host family. ‎ A. which B. where C. when D. as ‎27. Whatever is left over may be put into the refrigerator, ________ it will keep for two or three weeks. ‎ A. when B. which C. where D. while ‎28. After graduation she reached a point in her career ______ she needed to decide what to do.‎ A. that B. what C. which D. where ‎29. Women ________ drink more than two cups of coffee a day have a greater chance of having heart disease than those ________ don't.‎ A. who; / B. /; who C. who; who D. /; /‎ ‎ 30. Last month, part of Southern Asia was struck by floods, from ________ effects the people are still suffering.‎ A. that B. whose C. which D. what ‎【答案】1. C　2. D　3. D　4. C　5. B　6. B　7. D　8. A ‎9. D　10. C　11. B　12. A　13. C　14. C　15. C　16. A ‎17. C　18. B　19. A　20. D　21. B　22. B　23. A　24. B　25. B　26. A　27. C　28. D　29. C　30. B