高考英语虚拟语气练习及详解 8页

虚拟语气 一、考点聚焦 ‎ 1、虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中 ‎ （1）表示与现在事实相反的假设，条件状语从句中的谓语动词用“过去式（be动词的过去式用were）”，而主句中的谓语动词用“would / should/ could / might + 动词原形”。如：‎ If I were a boy, I would join the army.‎ If the had time, she should go with you.‎ ‎（2）表示与过去的事实相反，条件状语从句中的谓语动词用过去完成时，主句中的谓语动词则用“would / should / might / could + have +过去分词”。如：‎ If he had taken my advice, he would have succeeded in the competition.‎ ‎（3）表示与将来事实相反，条件状语从句中的谓语动词一般过去时或should(were to) + 动词原形，而主句中的谓语动词则用would / should/‎ could might + 动词原形。如；‎ If it were to rain tomorrow, the football match would be put off.‎ ‎（4）当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作相应调整。如：‎ If they had worked hard, they would be very tired.(从句说的是过去，主句指的是现在)‎ 以下表格是虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中时，主句和从句谓语动词的形式：‎ 条件状语从句 主 句 与过去事实相反 had + 过去分词 should /would/could/might + have + 过去分词 与现在事实相反 一般过去时(be用were)‎ would/should/could/might + 动词原形 与将来事实相反 一般过去时或should(were to) + 动词原形 Would/should/cold/might + 动词原形 有时侯在使用时可省略if,句子则可换成下列形式，即“were / had / should +主语”。如：‎ Were I a boy, I would join the army.‎ Had he taken my advice, he would have succeeded.‎ Were it not for the expense, I would go to Britain.‎ ‎2、虚拟语气用于名词性从句 ‎（1）虚拟语气在宾语从句中的运用。‎ ‎①“wish + 宾语从句”表示不能实现的愿望，译为“要是……就好了”等。表示现在不能实现的愿望，从句中的谓语动词用一般过去时；表示将来不能实现的愿望，从句中的谓语动词用“would/could + 动词原形”；表示过去不能实现的愿望，从句中的谓语动词用“had + 过去分词”或“could(should) + have + 过去分词”。如：‎ I wish it were spring all the year round.‎ I wish I had known the answer.‎ I wish I could fly like a bird.‎ ‎②在表示建议、要求、命令等的动词suggest、advise、propose、demand、require、insist request、command、order等后的宾语从句中，谓语动词用should + 动词原形或是动词原形。如：‎ She suggested we (should)leave here at once.‎ The doctor ordered she should be operated.‎ ‎（2）虚拟语气在同位语从句和表语从句中的运用。‎ 作表示建议、要求、命令等的名词advise、idea、order、demand、plan、proposal、suggestion、request等的表语从句和同位语从句，从句中的谓语动词用“（should） + 动词原形”。如：‎ His suggestion that we (should)go to Shanghai is wonderful.‎ My idea is that they (should)pay 100 dollars.‎ ‎（3）虚拟语气在主语从句中的运用。‎ 在主语从句中，谓语动词的虚拟语气用“should + 动词原形”的结构，表示惊奇、不相信、理应如此等。如：‎ It is necessary(important, natural, strange, etc.)that we should clean the room every day.‎ It was a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc.)that you should be so careless.‎ It will be desired(suggested, decided, ordered, requested, proposed, etc.)that she should finish her homework this afternoon.‎ 注意：这种从句表示的是事实。如果说人对这种事实表现出惊奇的情感，就可用虚拟语气。反之，如果不表示惊奇等情感，that从句也可用陈述句语气。如：‎ It is pity that you can’t swim.‎ ‎3、虚拟语气在其他场合的运用 ‎（1）虚拟语气在as if/as though、even if/even though等引导的表语从句或状语从句中，如果从句表示的动作发生在过去，用过去完成时；指现在状况，则用一般过去时；指将来状况则用过去将来时。如：‎ He did it as if he were an expert.‎ Even if she were here, she could not solve the problem.‎ ‎（2）虚拟语气用于定语从句中。‎ 这种从句常用于句型“It is (high)time (that) … ”中，定语从句的谓语动词用一般过去时(be用were)或should + 动词原形，意思是“(现在)该……”。如：‎ It’s time that I picked up my daughter.‎ It’s high time we were going.‎ ‎（3）虚拟语气用在if only引导的感叹句中。如：‎ If only I were a bird.‎ If only I had taken his advice.‎ ‎（4）虚拟语气在一些简单句中的运用。‎ ‎①情态动词的过去式用于现在时态时，表示说话人谦虚、客气、有礼貌或语气委婉，常出现在日常会话中。如：‎ It would be better for you not to stay up too late.‎ Would you be kind enough to close the door?‎ ‎②用于一些习惯表达法中。如：‎ Would you like a cup of tea?‎ I would rather not tell you. ‎ 二、精典名题导解 选择填空 ‎1. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it _______. (NMET 95)‎ A.breaks B.has broken C.were broken D.had been broken ‎ 解析：答案为C。本题考查的是as if 引导的让步状语从句中的语气问题，as ‎ if引导的状语从句如果与事实一致，不用虚拟语气，如果与事实相反，应用虚拟语气。题中“当铅笔的一部分浸在水中，铅笔看上去好像断了”。而实际上铅笔并未断，与事实相反，前半部分陈述是一般现在时，因而本句是对一般现在时的虚拟，用were broken。‎ ‎2. I didn’t see your sister at the meeting. If she ___________, she would have met my brother.(NMET 94)‎ A.has come B.did come C.came D.had come 解析：答案为D。本题考查的是if条件句中的虚拟语气。题意是：我在会议上没看到你姐姐，故你姐姐没来。因此如果“她来了”与事实相反，前面一句交代了虚拟语气的时态是一般过去时的虚拟，所以if从句中用had+过去分词。‎ ‎3. —If he ___________, he ________that food.‎ ‎—Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately.(NMET 93) ‎ A.was warned; would not take B.had been warned; would not have taken C.would be warned; had not taken D.would have been warned; had not taken 解析：答案为B。本题考查的是条件状语从句与主句表示与事实相反时虚拟语气的用法。根据下一句语境可知，他事先并没有得到警告，表示过去时间的虚拟语气，故选B。‎ 虚拟语气 ‎1．I enjoyed the movie very much．I wish I the book from which it was made．‎ ‎ A．have read B．had read C．should have read D．am reading ‎2．You are late．If you a few minutes earlier,you him．‎ ‎ A．came；Would meetB．had come；Would have met ‎ C．come；Will meet D．had come；would meet ‎3．I can’t stand him．He always talks as though he everything·‎ ‎ A．knew B．knows C．has know D．had known ‎4．His doctor suggested that he short trip abroad．‎ ‎ A．will take B．would take C．take D．took ‎5．We might have failed if you us a helping hand．‎ ‎ A．have not given B．would not give C．had not given D．did not give ‎6．The law requires that everyrone his car checked at least once a month．‎ ‎ A．has B．have C．had D．will have ‎7．He was busy yesterday，otherwise he to the meeting．‎ ‎ A．would come B．would have been C．could have been D．would be ‎8．If there were no subjunctive mood，English much easier．‎ ‎ A．will be B．would have been C．could have been D．would be ‎9． the fog，we should have reached our schoo1．‎ ‎ A．Because of B．In spite of C．In case of D．But for ‎10．—What will you do during winter vacation?‎ ‎ —I don’t know，but it’s about time something·‎ ‎ A．I decided B．I’ll decide C．I’d decided D．I’m deciding ‎11．He was very busy yesterday，otherwise，he to your birthday party．‎ ‎ A．would come B．came C．would have come D．should come ‎12．The two strangers talked as if they friends for years．‎ ‎ A．should be B．had been C．have been D．were ‎13．Look! What you’ve done!You have been more careful．‎ ‎ A．should B．may C．ought D．would ‎14．Without electricity，what ?‎ ‎ A．will the world be like B．would the world be like ‎ C．the world will be like D．the World Would be like ‎15．With your ability，you out the puzzle within a few minutes．‎ A． could have worked B．need have worked ‎ B． C．ought have worked D．must have worked ‎16．My suggestion is that the sick boy to hospital as soon as possible．‎ ‎ A．is taken B．must be taken C．be taken D．has to be taken ‎17．If we had not missed the bus，we lunch at home now．‎ ‎ A．would have had B．would have C．must be having D．would be having ‎18． here yesterday，he would attend the lecture with us today．‎ ‎ A．Had he been B．If he were C．Were he D．Should be he ‎19．His tired face suggested that he really tired after the 1ong walk．‎ ‎ A．had been B．was C．be D．should be ‎20．Do you feel that I the problem in a different way the other day?‎ ‎ A．should come B．should have solved C．have solved D．solved ‎21．0ur chairman hasn’t come yet．If he on time，we would have to put off the meeting．‎ ‎ A．should come B．would come C．shouldn’t come D．doesn’t come ‎22．He insisted that he really very tried and that he to have a rest．‎ ‎ A．was；be allowed B．was；must be allowed ‎ C．should be；must be allowed D．should be；be allowed ‎23．He did his best in everything； he would not have been what he was．‎ ‎ A．and B．but C．otherwise D．but that ‎24．I do I could give you a hand．‎ ‎ A．hope B．wish C．expect D．think ‎25．I Would rather she tomorrow than today．‎ ‎ A．come B．came C．should D．has come ‎26．The guard at the gate insisted that everybody the rules．‎ ‎ A．obeys B．obey C．will obey D．Would obey ‎27．I her if I thought she would understand．‎ ‎ A．would tell B．will tell C．Would have to1d D．told ‎28．The teacher requires Rose by heart 15 English words each day．‎ ‎ A．1earn B．to learn C．must learn D．1earning ‎29．—If he ，he that food．‎ ‎ —Luckily he was sent to the hospita1 immediate1y．‎ ‎ A．Was warmed；would not take B．had been warmed；wou1d not have taken ‎ C．would be warmed；had not taken D．would have been warmed；had not taken ‎30．Without electricity human life quite different today．‎ ‎ A．is B．will be C．would have been D．Would be 虚拟语气 l-5 BBACC 6-10 BBDDA 11-15 CBABA 16-20 CDABBD 21-25 CACBB 26-30 BCBBD 虚拟语气强化训练 ‎ ‎1．Were it not for the snowy weather, we __________all right. ‎ A. would be B. would have been C. were D. may be ‎ ‎2. ________more careful, his ship would not have sunk. ‎ A. If the captain were B. Had the captain been ‎ C. Should the captain be D. If the captain would have been ‎ ‎3. If he _________ me tomorrow, I would let him know. ‎ A. should call B. should not have been able ‎ C. were not able D. are not able ‎ ‎4. If you asked your father, you ______________ permission. ‎ A. may get B. might get C. should have called D. maybe get ‎ ‎5. _____________today, he would get there by Friday. ‎ A. Would he leave B. Was he leaving ‎ C. Were he to leave D. If he leaves ‎ ‎6. ______I you, I would go with him to the party. ‎ A. Was B. Had been C. Will be D. Were ‎ ‎7. Had Paul received six more votes in the last election, he ____________our chairman now. ‎ A. must have been B. would have been C. were D. would be ‎ ‎8. ____________ the English examination I would have gone to the concert last Sunday ‎ A. In spite of B. But for C. Because of D. As for ‎ ‎9. Look at the terrible situation I am in! If only I _____________your advice ‎ A. follow B. would follow C. had followed D. have followed ‎ ‎10. If the horse won today, it _____________ thirty races in five years. ‎ A. would have won B. won C. must have won D. did have won ‎ ‎11. There is a real possibility that these animals could be frightened, _______a sudden loud noise. ‎ A. being there B. should there be C. there was D. there having been ‎ ‎12. If you hadn’t taken such a long time to get dressed, we’d______________ there by now. ‎ A. be B. circles C. is circling D. be circling ‎ ‎13. I wish I ___________ with her. ‎ A. would be B. am C. was D. were ‎ ‎14. The picture exhibition bored me to death. I wish I_______________ to it. ‎ A. had not gone B. have not gone C. did not go D. can not have gone ‎ ‎15. George would certainly have attended the meeting, ____________________ . ‎ A. if he didn’t get a flat tire B. if the flat tire hadn’t happened ‎ C. had he not had a flat tire D. had the tire not flattened itself ‎ ‎16. The teacher suggested that her students _____________ experiences with ESP. ‎ A. write a composition on their B. to write composition about the ‎ C. wrote some compositions of his or her D. had written any compositions for his ‎ ‎17. He speaks Chinese as fluently as if he ______________a Chinese. ‎ A. were B. had been C. is D. has been ‎ ‎18. Looking round the town, he felt as though he ______________ away for ages. ‎ A. has been B. was C. is D. had been ‎ ‎19. Most insurance agents would rather you ___________ anything about collecting claims until they investigate the situation. ‎ A. do B. don’t C. didn’t D. didn’t do ‎ ‎20. It is important that the TOEFL office ________ your registration. ‎ A. will confirm B. confirm C. confirms D. must confirm ‎ ‎21. Without electronic computers, much of today’s advanced technology __________. ‎ A. will not have been achieved B. have not been achieved ‎ C. would not have been achieved D. had not been achieved ‎ ‎22. He speaks Chinese as fluently as if he ____________a Chinese. ‎ A. were B. had been C. is D. has been ‎ ‎23. It is time that the government ______________measures to protect the rare birds and animals. ‎ A. takes B. took C. has taken D. taking ‎ ‎24. Some people are too particular about school records, insisting that every applicant ________ all diplomas from elementary school to university. ‎ A. has B. will have C. should have D. must have ‎ ‎25. He was very busy yesterday, otherwise he _____ to the meeting. ‎ A. would come B. came C. would have come D. had come ‎ ‎26. If I had seen the movie, I ______________ you all about it now. ‎ A. would tell B. will tell C. have told D. would have told ‎ ‎27. I had hoped that John _______ a year in Africa, but he stayed there only for three months. ‎ A. spends B. spent C. would spend D. will spend ‎ ‎28. It’s high time they____________ this road. ‎ A. mend B. mended C. must have mended D. will mend ‎ ‎29. It’s about time people______ notice of what women did during the war. ‎ A. take B. took C. have taken D. will take ‎ ‎30. He’s working hard for fear that he_____________ . ‎ A. should fall behind B. fell behind C. may fall behind D. would fall behind ‎ ‎31. In the past men generally preferred that their wives_______________ in the home. ‎ A. worked B. would work C. work D. were working ‎ ‎32. For a child to give up his less mature idea for a more mature one, it requires that the child _____ psychologically ready for the new idea. ‎ A. is B. were C. be D. would be ‎ ‎33. Your advice that_____________ till next week is reasonable. ‎ A. she waits B. she wait C. wait she D. she waited ‎ ‎34. It was essential that we lease before the end of the month. ‎ A. sing B. singed C. had signed D. were signing ‎ ‎35. I advised that the sick child ________ a hospital as soon as possible.‎ A. should send to B. should be sent C. be went to D. must be sent to ‎36. The workers in the factory demanded that their pay ________ be 20 percent.‎ ‎ A. be raised B. would be raised C. raised D. raise ‎37. The guard at the gate insisted that everybody ________ the rules.‎ ‎ A. obeys B. obey C. will obey D. would obey ‎38. My suggestion is that she ________ more exercise, which will do a lot of ‎ good to her.‎ ‎ A. takes B. must take C. take D. took ‎39. If only I ________ driving before.‎ ‎ A. learn B. learned C. had learned D. would learn ‎40. ________ she ________ yesterday, she would meet the famous singer today.‎ A. If, didn’t leave B. Had not, left C. Hadn’t, left D. Didn’t, leave 答案 ‎1 ~ 20: ABABC DDBCA BADAC AADDB ‎21 ~ 40: CDBCC ACBBA CCBAC ABCCC 高考虚拟语气：‎ ‎1. --- If he _____, he _____ that food.‎ ‎ --- Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately. ‎ ‎ A. was warned … would not take B. had been warned … would not have taken ‎ C. would be warned … had not taken D. would have been warned … had not taken ‎ 2. I didn’t see your sister at the meeting. If she _____, she would have met my brother. ‎ ‎ A. has come B. did come C. came D. had come ‎ 3. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it _____. ‎ ‎ A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. had been broken ‎ 4. You didn’t let me drive. If we _____ in turn, you _____ so tired. ‎ ‎ A. drove … didn’t get B. drove … wouldn’t get ‎ C. were driving … wouldn’t get D. had driven … wouldn’t have got ‎ 5. Yesterday Jane walked away from the discussion. Otherwise, she _____ something she would regret later. ‎ ‎ A. had said B. said C. might say D. might have said ‎6. He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise he _____ a goal. ‎ ‎ A. had scored B. scored C. would score D. would have scored ‎7. What would have happened, _____ as far as the river bank? ‎ ‎ A. Bob had walked farther B. if Bob should walk farther ‎ C. had Bob walked farther D. if Bob walked farther ‎8. It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I _____ in love, at the age of seven, with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown. ‎ ‎ A. wouldn’t have fallen B. had not fallen ‎ C. should fall D. were to fall ‎9. _____ be sent to work there? ‎ ‎ A. What do you suggest B. Who do you suggest that should ‎ C. Do you suggest who should D. Do you suggest whom should ‎10. How I wish every family _____ a large house with a beautiful garden! ‎ ‎ A. has B. had C. will have D. had had ‎11. --- Don't you think it necessary that he _______ to Miami but to New York?‎ ‎--- I agree, but the problem is ________ he has refused to. ‎ A. will not be sent; that B. not be sent; that C. should not be sent; what D. should not send; what ‎ Keys: BDCDD DCBAB B