2019高考英语高频词汇必背及训练9 7页

‎2019-2020年高考英语高频词汇必背及训练9‎ ‎1.historical adj.历史的，有关历史的 This is a historical event of China.‎ 这是中国的一个历史性事件。‎ ‎ historical/historic辨析 historical：adj.通常表示和历史有关的、史学的或过去的。‎ historic：adj.通常表示历史上出名的或具有历史意义的。‎ This book is based on a historical event.‎ 这本书来源于历史事件。‎ Waterloo‎ is a historic battlefield.‎ 滑铁卢战场是一个具有历史意义的战场。‎ 用history的正确形式填空 ‎(1)We have no________evidence for it.‎ 单项填空 ‎(2)The________Nanchang Uprising is the symbol of our formal fight against the enemy.‎ A．history B．historic C．historical D．historied ‎2.pack ‎(1)vt.‎& vi.捆扎，包装，挤满，塞满 She packed her bags and left.‎ 她收拾好行李就动身了。‎ The room was packed with people.屋子里挤满了人。‎ ‎(2)n.捆，包裹；一伙(人)，一帮(人)；大量，一大堆 a pack of cigarettes ‎＝a packet/a package of cigarettes一包香烟 a pack of thieves一伙小偷 a pack of lies连篇的谎话 The workers________the glasses and marked on each box“This side up”．‎ A．carried B．delivered C．pressed D．packed ‎3.reject v．拒绝(接受)；废弃；摒弃 We felt a bit embarrassed，as our offer was rejected.‎ 我们觉得有些尴尬，因为我们的提议被拒绝了。‎ Being disabled，he was rejected by many panies.‎ 由于残疾，许多公司拒绝雇佣他。‎ The young generation has rejected many of the traditions and customs of its parents.‎ 年轻一代摒弃了父母的许多传统习俗。‎ rejection n．拒绝 I have a good many things to fear，among which I fear rejection and loneliness most.‎ 许多事让我害怕，其中最让我害怕的是被冷落和孤独。‎ ‎ refuse/reject辨析 refuse：通常暗示决心且常带有粗鲁之义。可接名词、代词或动词不定式。主语为人、物均可。‎ reject：表示因为不令人满意、有缺陷或无用而抛弃；它暗示无条件的拒绝。后多接名词，主语为人。‎ She refused to help me.她不肯帮助我。‎ We rejected his idea for a music club，and decided to have an art club instead.‎ 我们没有采纳他关于成立音乐俱乐部的想法，而是决定成立艺术俱乐部。‎ ‎(1)The patient's body________the transplanted heart，which surprised all of them.‎ A．reflected B．rejected C．projected D．objected ‎(2)Thousands of people________to pay taxes.‎ A．rejected B．refused C．refusal D．rejection ‎(3)I asked him to lend me some money，but he________.‎ A．refused B．rejected C．agreed D．didn't do ‎（4）— Are you still mad at her?‎ ‎—Not really，but I can't________that her remarks hurt me.‎ A．deny B．refuse C．reject D．decline ‎4.reaction n．反应 What was his reaction to the news?‎ 他对这消息有何反应？‎ reaction to sb/sth对……反应/回应 in reaction to...对……作出反应/回应 These changes were not in reaction to the pany's recent losses.‎ 这些变动不是针对公司最近的损失而作出的反应。‎ react v．反应，回应 react to sb/sth对……作出反应，回应 react against sb/sth反对，反抗，抗拒……‎ react on/upon...对……有影响 react with...与……起化学反应 用适当的介词填空 ‎(1)The eye reacts________light.‎ ‎(2)Your attitude will react________him.‎ ‎(3)He reacted________your punishment by not ing here.‎ ‎(4)Hydrogen(氢气)reacts________oxygen(氧气)．‎ ‎5.responsible adj.有责任的，应负责任的；可信任的，可靠的 You'd better give the paper to a responsible man.‎ 你最好把文件交给一个可靠的人。‎ The pilot of the plane is responsible for the passengers' safety.飞行员要对乘客的安全负责。‎ responsibility n．责任 be responsible for sth对……负责；作为原因 be responsible to sb对某人负责 a sense of responsibility责任感 have responsibility for sth对……负责 It's one's responsibility to do做……是某人的责任 注意：responsible作“需负责任的，应负责任的”讲时，不可置于名词前。作“可靠的，可信任的”讲时，可以放在名词前修饰名词。‎ Who's responsible for this terrible mess?‎ 谁应该对这一团糟的局面负责？‎ You can leave the children with him—he's very responsible.你可以把孩子留给他——他是非常可靠的。‎ Now that you're 13 you should have more sense of responsibility.‎ 你现在已十三岁了，应当有更多的责任感。‎ ‎(1)Scientists found that the chemical was directly________for those deaths.‎ A．responsible B. responsive C．guilty D．accounting ‎(2)Even though parents no longer live together，they each continue to be________for their children.‎ A．responsible B．responsibility C．response D．responsive 完成句子 ‎(3)帮你提高英语是我的责任。‎ It's my responsibility________________you improve your Enlgish.‎ ‎6.permission n．允许，许可 No official permission has been given for the event to take place.‎ 这项活动未得正式批准，不能进行。‎ She took the car without permission.‎ 她未经允许擅自使用了汽车。‎ permit vt.允许，准许 permit sb to do sth允许某人做某事 permit doing sth允许做……‎ ask for permission请求许可 give sb permission to do sth允许某人做某事 ask permission for sth为某事报请批准 without permission未经许可 with sb's permission/with the permission of sb在某人的许可/准许下 ‎(1)He entered the room without ________，which angered his parents.‎ A．inviting B．asking C．told D．permission ‎(2)I applied to the authorities for________to cross the frontier.‎ A．permission B．permits C．excuse D．expedition ‎（3）Passengers are permitted________only one piece of hand luggage onto the plane.‎ A．to carry B．carrying C．to be carried D．being carried ‎7.ordinary adj.平常的，普通的 Readers of the magazine said they wanted more stories about ordinary people.‎ 这本杂志的读者说他们想要更多关于普通人的故事。‎ out of the ordinary不平常的，非凡的，特殊的 in the ordinary way一般地，通常地 In the ordinary way，she's not a nervous person.‎ 一般而言，她不是一个爱紧张的人。‎ I'm looking for something a little more out of the ordinary.‎ 我正在找些稍不寻常的东西。‎ ‎ ordinary/mon/general/usual辨析 这四个词都有“普通的”意思，但含义有细微的不同。‎ ‎(1)ordinary与mon意思相近。有“日常的”，“随时碰到的”，“平常的”，“平凡的”，“平淡无奇的”‎ 等含义，是distinguished和superior的反义词。‎ He is in ordinary clothes.他穿着平常的衣服。‎ ‎(2)mon有“时时发生的”，“平凡的”，“阶级低微的”等含义。反义词是rare和unmon。‎ It was not a mon thing for him to receive letters.‎ 对他来说收到信不是常有的事。‎ ‎(3)general含有“多数的”，“较少例外的”含义，如普通的意见、习俗、习惯、规则、见解、真理等等。‎ He has a good general education.‎ 他受到良好的普通教育。‎ ‎(4)usual多指“习惯性的”，“遵循常规的”，“一贯如此的”。‎ He made the usual mistakes which all beginners make.‎ 他犯的就是那些初学者老犯的错误。‎ ‎(1)Free medical treatment in this country covers sickness of mind as well as________sickness.‎ A．normal B．regular C．average D．ordinary ‎(2)Though he is an________worker，he works very hard.‎ A．ordinary B．mon C．usual D．general ‎(3)In my opinion，the________feeling is that you have made a serious mistake.‎ A．general B．mon C．ordinary D．universal ‎8.type n．类型，种类 different racial types不同的人种 a rare blood type罕见的血型 I love this type of book.‎ 我喜欢这类书籍。‎ I love these types of books.‎ 我喜欢这些种类的书籍。‎ 考点提示：‎ ‎(1)type n．具有某种特征的人，典型；v.打字，打印 She's the artistic type.‎ 她是艺术家一类的人。‎ She's not my type.‎ 她不是我喜欢的那种人。‎ How fast can you type?‎ 你打字有多快？‎ ‎(2)type of后接的名词通常无冠词。‎ this type of hat＝a hat of this type这种样式的帽子 ‎(3)同义词kind/sort ‎①用单数kind/sort还是复数kinds/sorts取决于之前的用词 each/every/one kind of animal每一种/一种动物 all/many/other sorts of animals所有/许多/其他种类的动物 ‎②kind/sort of后接单数名词或不可数名词，kinds/sorts of后接复数名词或不可数名词。‎ This kind of question often appears in the exam.‎ 这种问题在考试中常出现。‎ That sort of behaviour is not acceptable.‎ 那样的行为是不允许的。‎ These sorts of behaviour are not acceptable.‎ 这种行为是不允许的。‎ These kinds of questions often appear in the exam.‎ 此类问题在考试中常出现。‎ 单项填空 ‎(1)Do you know what________of blood is yours?‎ A．type B．kind C．sort D．matter 完成句子 ‎(2)He is not________________to be unfaithful.‎ 他不是背信弃义的那种人。‎ ‎(3)They're two of________—both workaholics!‎ 他们俩一个样——都是工作狂！‎ ‎9.unique adj.独特的，唯一的，独一无二的，无人可比的 Each person's fingerprints are unique.‎ 每个人的指纹都是不同的。‎ Van Gogh was a unique painter.‎ 梵·高是一位独一无二的画家。‎ ‎(1)作“唯一的，独一无二的”意思时可用absolutely，totally或almost修饰。作“独特的，罕见的”讲时，可用more，very等修饰。‎ ‎(2)unique to sb/sth意为“(某人、地或事物)独具的，特有的”。‎ The Koala is unique to Australia.‎ 树袋熊是澳大利亚独有的。‎ In this lecture，I can only give you a purely________view of how we can live life to the full and make some suggestions about the future.‎ A．private B．personal C．unique D．different ‎10.through prep.‎ ‎(1)凭借；因为；由于 You can only achieve success through hard work.‎ 你只有孜孜不倦才能成功。‎ I heard of the job through a newspaper advertisement.‎ 我从报纸广告中知道了这份工作。‎ ‎(2)穿过，经过 The Thames River flows through London.‎ 泰晤士河流经伦敦。‎ The burglar got in through the window.‎ 窃贼是从窗户进来的。‎ ‎(3)自始至终，从头到尾 The children are too young to sit through the concert.‎ 这些孩子太小，音乐会没完就坐不住了。‎ He will not live through the night.‎ 他活不过今天夜里。‎ 考点提示：‎ all through一直；从来就 be through(with)完成；做好 through and through地地道道，彻头彻尾 get through通过；接通 go through一直进入；通过 all through the night整夜 break through突破 ‎(1)He suddenly saw Sue________the street.He pushed his way________the crowd of people to get to her.‎ A．across；across B．over；through C．over；into D．across；through ‎(2)The sunlight came in________the windows in the roof and lit up the whole room.‎ A．through B．across C．on D．over ‎（3）—Have you________？‎ ‎—No.I had the wrong number.‎ A．got in B．got away C．got off D．got through 答案：1.(1)historical　(2)B ‎2.解析　句意：工人们把玻璃杯装好，并给每个箱子标上“此面向上”的标记。pack包装，给……打包。答案　D ‎3.(1)B　(2)B　(3)A ‎（4）解析　考查词义辨析。句意：——你对她还很恼火吗？—— 不恼火了。但我不能否认的是她的话确实伤害了我。 deny 否认； refuse 拒绝；reject拒绝；decline 下降，减少。‎ 答案　A ‎4.(1)to　(2)on　(3)against　(4)with ‎5.(1)A　(2)A　(3)to help ‎6.(1)D　(2)A ‎（3）解析　考查非谓语动词。句意：“旅客只可以随身携带一件行李登机。”permit sb to do sth允许某人做某事，句中是被动语态，passengers是carry的逻辑主语，用主动式。故选A。‎ 答案　A ‎7.(1)D　(2)A　(3)A ‎8.(1)A　(2)the type　(3)a kind ‎9.解析　考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在这次演讲中，就如何生活得丰富多彩(这个问题)，我只能给出纯个人的观点，并且对未来提出一些建议。根据句意，此处的观点应该只属于我个人而不涉及他人，因此选择B。private私人的，隐私的；unique 独特的，独一无二的； different 不同的，差异的，均不合题意。答案　B ‎10.(1)D　(2)A ‎（3）解析　 句意：“打通电话了吗？”“没有。电话号码错了。”get in 进入，插嘴；get away逃脱，离开；get off 下车；get through 通过；接通。答案　D