2019高考英语高频词汇必背及训练4 10页

‎2019-2020年高考英语高频词汇必背及训练4‎ ‎1.traditional adj.传统的，惯例的 In traditional Chinese culture，marriage decisions were often made by parents for their children.‎ 在传统的中国文化中，父母常常为儿女操办婚姻。‎ 考点提示：‎ tradition n．　　　　　　　　 传统，常规，惯例 follow/keep up the tradition 遵循传统 break the tradition 打破传统 according to tradition 据传统 There's a ________ in our office that when it's somebody's birthday, they bring in a cake for us all to share.‎ A． tradition B．balance C．concern D．Relationship 完成句子：‎ ‎(1)The MidAutumn Day is a ________(传统的)festival of China.‎ ‎(2)“When in Rome，do as the Romans do”means we should follow the________(传统，惯例)of a country.‎ ‎2.include vt.‎ ‎(1)包含，包括 Your responsibilities will include making appointments on my behalf.你的职责包括替我安排预约。[剑桥高阶]‎ The price includes postage charges.‎ 这个价钱包含邮资。‎ ‎(2)把……列在里面，算入，计入 include...in/on/among...‎ He includes me among his friends.他把我当作朋友。‎ I include eggs on the list of things to buy.‎ 我把鸡蛋列入购物单中。‎ 考点提示：‎ ‎(1)including(介词)包含、包括(置于名词前)‎ Seven people died in the accident，including a baby.‎ 七人在事故中丧生，包括一个婴儿。‎ ‎(2)included adj.(置于名词之后)‎ Many people went to the party，me included(＝including me)．许多人参加了聚会，包括我在内。‎ contain/include辨析 ‎(1)contain指作为组成部分而被“含有”或“容纳”在内，是内容物的包括。‎ ‎(2)include指作为整体中的一部分而被包括进去，是范围的包括。‎ ‎(1)This atlas(地图册)________40 maps，________3 of the Great Britain.‎ A．contains；including B．includes；containing C．contains；containing D．includes；including ‎(2)At least twenty people were injured in the car accident，three children________.‎ A．contained B．including C．were included D．included ‎3.celebrate vt.‎&vi.庆祝 How do people celebrate New Year in your country?‎ 你们国家的人怎样庆祝新年？‎ 考点提示：‎ celebration n．　　　　　　 　　 　庆祝；典礼；庆祝会 celebrate Christmas/one's birthday 庆祝圣诞节/某人的生日 have/hold a celebration 举行一个庆祝会 in celebration of... 为了庆祝……‎ congratulate sb on sth /doing sth 祝贺某人某事/做某事 congratulations to sb on sth /doing sth ‎ ‎ 祝贺某人某事/做某事 congratulate/celebrate辨析 ‎(1)congratulate的意思是“祝贺”，其宾语必须是人，使用congratulate sb on sth 结构；也常用其复数形式congratulations。‎ ‎(2)celebrate的宾语是物，如节日、结婚纪念日、生日等令人欢乐的事情或日子。‎ 用congratulate，celebrate填空 ‎(1)We held a party in________of this victory.‎ ‎(2)I offered my________on his success.‎ ‎(3)We held a________to________his birthday.‎ ‎(4)In the________，we________him on his promotion.‎ ‎4.darkness n．黑暗 I can see nothing in the darkness.在黑暗中我什么也看不见。‎ The city centre was plunged into darkness by the power cut.市中心因停电变得一片漆黑。‎ darkness/dark辨析 darkness与dark没有绝对的区别。但darkness常指一时的黑暗；dark表示经常或长时间的黑暗，用时须加the，另外它与介词at，before，after连用表示“黄昏”“傍晚”。‎ keep sth in the dark　　　　 暗中做某事 keep sth dark 对某事保密 keep sb in the dark 对某人保密 用dark的有关短语填空 ‎(1)They all knew the truth.Only I was ________ ________ ________.‎ ‎(2)It's wrong for them to keep it ________ ________ ________.‎ ‎5.destroy v．破坏，毁坏 The building was pletely destroyed by fire.‎ 这个建筑物被大火彻底焚毁了。‎ All my hopes were destroyed by his letter of refusal.‎ 他回信拒绝，我的希望完全破灭。‎ They have destroyed all the evidence.‎ 他们销毁了一切证据。‎ 考点提示：‎ destruction n．　　　　 破坏，摧毁 destructive adj. 造成毁灭或严重破坏的 destroy/damage/harm辨析 ‎(1)destroy常指毁灭性的破坏。‎ ‎(2)damage可指不同程度的损害、破坏。‎ ‎(3)harm一般指身心、健康、名声的损害。‎ ‎(1)The noises not only make it difficult to sleep，but they are ________ damage to our houses and shops.‎ A．doing B．making C．putting D．raising ‎(2)The heavy rain________the hope of a picnic.‎ A．damaged B．destroyed C．harmed D．hurt ‎(3)He was lucky enough to escape being killed in the accident，but his car was pletely________.‎ A．damaged B．struck C．failed D．destroyed ‎6.serve ‎(1)vt.为……服务，效力 We should serve the people heart and soul.‎ 我们应该全心全意为人民服务。‎ ‎(2)vt.接待，招呼(顾客等)‎ The shop assistant is serving a customer.‎ 商店服务员正在接待一位顾客。‎ First e，first served.先来者先被接待。(先来后到)‎ ‎(3)vt.端上(饭菜)，供应饮食 serve sb with sth 拿……来招待某人；供应……‎ The waiter served us with wine.服务生给我们倒酒。‎ ‎(4)vt.‎&vt.服刑，服役，担任职务 The soldier has served in the army for 3 years.‎ 那个士兵已服3年兵役。‎ The man served a long sentence in prison for his crime.‎ 那个人为他犯的罪要长期服刑。‎ ‎(5)serve as 担任(某职务)，充任；权当，当……用 He served two terms as president.他担任过两届总统。‎ When they slept in the open，dry leaves served as blanket.‎ 当他们在野外睡觉时，干树叶就当毛毯用。‎ 翻译句子:‎ ‎(1)他服侍主人多年。‎ ‎______________________________________________________‎ ‎(2)他拿出水果来招待我们。‎ ‎______________________________________________________‎ ‎7.swallow ‎(1)vt.‎& vi.吞；咽 He had a sore throat and found it difficult to swallow.‎ 他嗓子疼，觉得咽东西困难。‎ ‎(2)vt.吞没；吞噬 The waves swallowed up the boat.浪涛吞噬船只。‎ ‎(3)n.吞；咽 Take the medicine at one swallow.一口把药吞下。‎ ‎(4)n.燕子 One swallow does not make a summer.‎ 一燕不成夏。(谚语)‎ 完成句子:‎ ‎(1)It's difficult for you to ________(吞下整个鸡蛋)．‎ 翻译句子:‎ ‎(2)洪水吞没一切挡在它路上的东西。‎ ‎______________________________________________________‎ ‎8.mess n．混乱 考点提示：‎ ‎ in a mess　　　　乱七八糟 ‎ make a mess 搞乱 Your books and magazines are almost in a mess; go and put them in order.‎ 你的书和杂志简直乱七八糟，去把它们整理一下。‎ Margie's bedroom was in a ________， with books and papers covering every possible surface.‎ A．litter B．disorder C．mess D．rubbish ‎ ‎9.adopt v．采纳；收养 Our school has adopted a new teaching method.‎ 我们学校采用了一种新的教学法。‎ They are not my real parents; I am adopted.‎ 他们不是我的亲生父母，我是被收养的。‎ Those children had to ________ their parents' suggestion.‎ A．admit B．adopt C．adapt D．add ‎10.honour n．荣誉　v．给予某人荣誉 an honour to sb 　　　　　给予某人荣誉 have the honour to do sth ＝have the honour of doing sth ‎ ‎ 有做……的荣幸 in honour of sb / sth 向……表示敬意；为纪念……‎ Will you honour me with a visit？可否请您光临？‎ He was honoured as a man of courage.他被尊为勇者。‎ She is an honour to our school.她是我校的光荣。‎ May I have the honour of dancing with you?‎ 我有荣幸与你跳舞吗？‎ ‎(1)I feel greatly honoured ________ into your group.‎ A．to wele B．weling C．to be weled D．weled ‎(2)The street was named after a great man________ his great contributions to the city.‎ A．in honour of B．instead of C．in case of D．in need of 答案：1.A　[句意：我们办公室有这样一个惯例，那就是当有人过生日的时候，他们会带块蛋糕来和我们一起分享。tradition 传统；balance 平衡；concern 关心，担心；relationship 关系。]‎ ‎(1)traditional　(2)tradition ‎2.(1)A　(2)D ‎3.(1)celebration　(2)congratulations　(3)celebration；celebrate　(4)celebration；congratulated ‎4.(1)in the dark　(2)in the dark ‎5.(1)A　(2)B　(3)D ‎6.(1)He has served his master for many years.‎ ‎(2)He served us with fruit.‎ ‎7.(1)swallow a whole egg　(2)The flood swallowed everything in its way.‎ ‎8.C　[句意：麦奇的卧室乱七八糟，书和纸弄得到处都是。mess意为“零乱状态”；litter意为“废纸屑，垃圾，破烂”；disorder意为“杂乱，混乱，无秩序”；rubbish意为“垃圾，废物”。]‎ ‎9.B　[句意：那些孩子不得不采纳父母的建议。admit 承认；adopt 采纳；adapt 适应；add添加。]‎ ‎10.(1)C　[句意：受到你们组的欢迎是我莫大的荣幸。wele 与I之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故wele 须用被动语态形式。]‎ ‎(2)A　[句意：那条街以一个伟人的名字命名的，是为了纪念他对这个城市所作的巨大贡献。]‎ ‎2019-2020年高考英语高频词汇必背及训练5‎ ‎1.surprise n．惊奇，惊奇的事 I have got a big surprise for you.‎ 我给你带来了一个大的惊喜。‎ v．使吃惊 What surprised us most was that she had such a sweet voice.最让我们感到惊讶的是她有如此甜美的嗓音。‎ to one's surprise 令人吃惊的是 To my surprise, he finished the task only in a few days.‎ 令我惊讶的是他竟然在几天之内就完成了任务。‎ 注意：surprising 表示令人惊讶；主语通常是使人惊讶的事；surprised 表示主语本身产生的情绪，主语是人。‎ What you've told me is surprising.‎ 你给我讲的情况真令人吃惊。‎ The news made us surprised.这消息使我们很惊讶。‎ Though ________ to see us，the professor gave us a warm wele.‎ A． surprise B．was surprised C．surprised D．being surprised ‎2.disaster n．灾难，不幸，祸患 Fires，floods and earthquakes are disasters.‎ 火灾、水灾和地震都是灾难。‎ This is one of the worst natural disasters ever to befall the area.这是该地区所经历的最严重的自然灾害之一。‎ 考点提示：‎ disasteraffected area　　　受灾地区 a traffic disaster 交通惨祸 a disaster to sb 某人的灾难 escape disaster 逃避灾难 die in the disaster 死于灾祸 The voyage to the Atlantic Ocean ended________.‎ A．with disaster B．in disaster C．with destroy D．in fail ‎3.promote vt.‎ ‎(1)促进，增进 Exercise promotes health.锻炼可增进健康。‎ The organization works to promote friendship between nations.该组织旨在促进各国之间的友谊。‎ ‎(2)使(某人)升级，擢升(某人)至……(to)‎ The boy was promoted to the fourth grade.‎ 这个男孩升到四年级。‎ The young army officer was promoted to the rank of captain.‎ 这个年轻军官被提升为上尉。‎ ‎(3)(在宣传上)促销，推销(商品)‎ Do you have any idea how to promote the sales of this product？如何来推销这种产品你有什么办法吗？‎ 考点提示：‎ promote...as　　　　　　　把……推广为 promote sb to the post of 升某人担当……职位 promote sb to... 晋升某人为……‎ 注意：promote sb to之后表职位的名词不加冠词。‎ 完成句子：‎ ‎(1)我们的老师已被提升为校长了。‎ Our teacher has ________ ________ ________ headmaster.‎ ‎(2)这家公司在电视上宣传他们的新产品。‎ The pany are ________ ________ ________ ________ on television.‎ ‎(3)他晋升为新工厂的经理。‎ He ________ ________ ________ of the new workshop.‎ ‎4.expect v．盼望；认为；预料 The rent was much more than we had expected to pay.‎ 租金比我们预计要付的多得多。‎ He didn't expect to see me.他没有料到会碰见我。‎ 考点提示：‎ expect＋代词/名词/that从句　 盼望；预料 expect to do sth 盼望做某事 expect sb to do sth 期待某人做某事 than expected 比预料中的 I expect so. 我想是这样的。‎ I expect not＝I don't expect so. 我认为不是这样。‎ I don't expect that... 我认为……不……(否定前移)‎ I've worked with children before，so I know what________in my new job.‎ A．expected B．to expect C．to be expecting D．expects ‎5mit vt.‎ ‎(1)犯(罪、错等)‎ They mitted many horrible crimes against the people.‎ 他们对人民犯下许多可怕的罪行。‎ If we don't understand this，we shall mit mistakes.‎ 我们如果不理解这一点，就会犯错误。‎ mit suicide　　　　 自杀 mit crimes 犯罪 mit mistakes 犯错误 ‎(2)交托；交付；移交(为保管或处理)‎ The boy was mitted to the care of his uncle.‎ 这个男孩被委托给他的叔叔照管。‎ He mitted himself to the cause of education.‎ 他投身于教育事业。‎ ‎(3)承诺；受誓约的约束 He refused to mit himself to any sort of promise.‎ 他拒不作出任何承诺。‎ 翻译句子：‎ ‎(1)The hero in the novel mitted suicide at the end of the book.‎ ‎______________________________________________________‎ ‎(2)I mitted the matter to the care of a friend.‎ ‎______________________________________________________‎ ‎6.injury n．损伤，伤害 Don't do that.You'll do yourself an injury.‎ 别那样做，你会把自己弄伤的。‎ Several train passengers received/sustained serious injuries in the crash.‎ 在这次撞车事故中火车上几名乘客受重伤。‎ do sb an injury＝do an injury to sb 　　　伤害某人 the injured n. 受伤的人，伤员 injury/wound/hurt/harm/damage辨析 ‎(1)injury n．指平时的大小创伤或伤害。‎ He got serious injuries to the legs at work.‎ 他干活时腿受了重伤。‎ ‎(2)wound指战斗中刀或枪的创伤，伤口。‎ The soldier received two wounds in the battle.‎ 这位士兵在战斗中两处受伤。‎ ‎(3)hurt尤指精神上和感情上的伤害，肉体上的伤痛。‎ The hurt to his feelings is more serious than the hurt in his body.他在感情上受到的伤害比身体上的伤痛更严重。‎ ‎(4)harm；damage指损失，损害，不表示伤痛。‎ The storm did great harm to the crops.‎ 这场暴风雨对庄稼危害很大。‎ The earthquake caused damage to the city.‎ 这场地震对这城市造成了危害。‎ ‎(1)You'd better have a first aid box at hand in case of some mon________at home.‎ A．hurt B．damage C．wounds D．injuries ‎(2)As we all know，smoking does________to the health of smokers themselves and those around them.‎ A．harm B．injury C．hurt D．wound ‎(3)The cattle are to be driven away before they cause any________to the newly planted trees.‎ A．damage B．injury C．hurt D．wound ‎7.react vi.‎ ‎(1)react on(upon)对……起作用，对……有影响 Your applause would react on(upon)the speaker.‎ 你们的喝彩对演说者有影响。‎ Unkindness often reacts on the unkind person.‎ 恶人有恶报。‎ ‎(2)react against反抗，反对 People soon reacted against the new government.‎ 人们不久便起来反对新政府。‎ He reacted against everything he had been taught.‎ 教他什么他都会唱对台戏。‎ ‎(3)react to对……作出反应 How did your mother react to the news?‎ 你妈妈对这个消息的反应怎样？‎ Our eyes react to light.我们的眼睛对光起反应。‎ ‎(4)react with与……起反应 Iron reacts with water and air to produce rust.‎ 铁与水和空气起化学反应而生锈。‎ 介词填空：‎ ‎(1)Dogs react________kindness________waging their tails.‎ ‎(2)He reacted________his parents' strictness and left home.‎ ‎(3)The rise of oil costs reacted ________the price of food.‎ ‎(4)He didn't react________the loud noise and kept on working.‎ ‎8.admire vt.钦佩，羡慕 ；欣赏 ‎ admire sb for sth /doing sth 　　　因为做某事佩服某人 ‎ admiration n. 钦佩；赞赏 ‎ have admiration for 对……表示钦佩 ‎ with/in admiration 钦佩地 ‎ I really admire your enthusiasm.我确实钦佩你的热情。‎ I have great admiration for her as a writer.‎ 我十分钦佩她这个作家。‎ 完成句子：‎ 我钦佩他的勇气。‎ I ________ him ________ his courage.‎ ‎9.impact n．影响；冲击；撞击 ‎ Businesses are beginning to feel the full impact of the crisis.‎ 企业开始感受到了经济危机的全面影响。‎ The impact of the blow knocked Jack off balance.‎ 这一记猛击把杰克打了个趔趄。‎ have an impact on...对……有影响 完成句子：‎ His father's death ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ him.‎ 他爸爸的去世对他造成了巨大的影响。‎ ‎10.loss n．损失 ‎ The global financial crisis will lead to a number of job losses.全球金融风暴会让许多人失业。‎ ‎ When she died I was filled with a sense of loss.‎ 她去世后我心里充满了失落感。‎ 考点提示：‎ ‎ make up a loss　　　　 弥补损失 ‎ suffer losses 遭受损失 ‎ at a loss 感到迷惑 ‎ ‎—Kate, you look worried now.‎ ‎—Well, I am at ________ loss as to how to solve ________ problem.‎ A．a; the B．a; a C．不填；a D．the; the ‎ 答案：1.C　[句意：虽然教授看到我们很吃惊，但还是热烈欢迎我们。Though surprised to see us＝ Though he was surprised to see us。]‎ ‎2.B ‎3.(1)been promoted to　(2)promoting their new products　(3)was promoted manager ‎4.B ‎5.(1)在故事的结尾，小说的主人公自杀了。‎ ‎(2)我把这件事委托一位朋友照管。‎ ‎6.(1)D　(2)A　(3)A ‎7.(1)to；by　(2)against　(3)on　(4)to ‎8.admire; for ‎ ‎9.had a great impact on ‎10.A　[句意：——Kate, 你看起来很忧愁。——是的，我不知道怎样解决这个问题。at a loss 不知所措。“解决这个问题”是特指。]‎