高考英语主谓一致完全解析及高考真题 7页

主语和谓语的一致 ‎(Agreement between subject and verb)‎ ‎⒈ Definition: 主语要和谓语在人称和数上保持一致叫主谓一致。‎ ‎⒉ 主谓一致包括三个原则：语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近一致原则。‎ ㈠ 语法一致原则：指用作主语的名词词组的中心词和谓语动词在单复数形式上的一致。‎ ‎⑴ 介词短语 with, as well as, including, except, except for, but, together, besides, rather than, along with, together with 等修饰主语时，谓语动词的数的形式与介词前面的名词或代词的人称和数保持一致。‎ e.g. I, along with my parents, am a football fan.‎ The girl as well as boys likes playing basketball.‎ ⑵ 由each 和 every 修饰的名词以及由 every-, any-, some-, no- 构成的复合代词都当作单数，谓语动词用单数。‎ e.g. Every hour and every minute is important.‎ Every boy and every girl enjoys the holiday.‎ Someone is waiting for you.‎ Everyone is here.‎ Everything is ready.‎ ⑶ 动名词（短语），不定式（短语）和从句作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。‎ e.g. To see is to believe.‎ Walking on the moon is very difficult.‎ What he said is wrong.‎ 注：ⅰ. 在用形式主语it 的句中和在用it 作主语的强调句中，谓语动词总用单数。‎ e.g. It isn’t obvious who will be the best.‎ It was he who taught us English last year.‎ ⅱ. what 引导的主语从句，谓语一般用单数，但如果表示复数意义时谓语动词要用复数。‎ e.g. What he left me are some old books.‎ ⅲ. 定语从句中谓语动词的单复数和先行词保持一致，但如果先行词受到 one of 的修饰时定语从句的谓语动词用复数，谓语动词受到the only (very, last) one of 的修饰时定语从句的谓语动词用单数。‎ e.g. He has some books which were bought yesterday.‎ He is one of the students who have passed the exam.‎ He is the only one of the students who has passed the exam.‎ ⑷ many a + n.(单数)/ more than one +n.(单数) 作主语时，谓语动词用单数。‎ e.g. More than one student likes the popular song- Fly Freely.‎ Many a boy and many a girl has been to Beijing. ‎ ⑸ a number of , a good/ great many, quite a few, scores of 加可数名词的复数形式时，谓语动词用复数； a large amount of, a great deal of 加不可数名词时，谓语动词用单数；a lot of, lots of, a quantity of, plenty of 等后面如果接可数名词复数形式时，谓语用复数形式, 如果接不可数名词时谓语动词用单数形式; amounts of…, masses of…, quantities of…, varieties of 无论后接什么名词，谓语动词都要用复数形式。‎ 注：the number of +n.(pl.)谓语动词用单数形式。‎ ⑵ 分数和百分数作主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式取决于of后面名词的形式。‎ e.g. One third of the books are worth reading.‎ ‎20% of the students are absent today.‎ ⑶ kind/ sort/ type/ form/ series/ species of + n. 作主语时，谓语动词形式取决于这些名词的单复数而不是它们后面的名词。‎ e.g. This new type of buses is new on show.‎ ‎(但 Buses of this kind are new on show.)‎ All kinds of difficulties have to be over come.‎ ㈡ 意义一致原则：指在意义上，主语的单复数形式需要与谓语动词的单复数形式保持一致。有时主语形式虽为单数，但意义为复数。‎ ⑴ 主语是 the people, the police, the public, the cattle, the youth 等集体名词，谓语动词用复数形式。‎ e.g. The police are questioning everyone in the house.‎ ⑵ 集体名词army, audience, enemy, family, committee, company, public, couple, group, staff, crew, team等，若作 “整体” 对待，谓语动词用单数形式，若着眼于其中各个成员，谓语动词用复数形式。‎ e.g. The couple is talking with their son.‎ The team are cheering for their success.‎ ⑶ 主语是 “the+ adj.” 表一类人或物时，谓语动词用复数形式。如the old, the young, the rich, the poor, the wounded.‎ e.g. the old are taken care of here.‎ ⑷ 表时间、金钱、距离、温度、度量等复数名词作主语时，具有 “整体” 概念，谓语动词用复数形式。‎ e.g. Two years is enough.‎ A hundred miles is a long distance.‎ ⑸ 一些由两个相同部分组成一个整体的复数名词，如glasses, shoes, trousers, scissors 等作主语时，如主语前有 “一条” “一把” “一双”等量词修饰，则谓语动词用单数形式，如主语前是复数修饰语或没有修饰语，谓语用复数形式。‎ e.g. This pair of shoes is Tom’s.‎ The shoes are Tom’s.‎ ⑹ 以 “-ics”和 “-s”结尾的表学科的名词和不可数名词作主语时，谓语用单数形式。(news, plastics, wroks等)。‎ e.g. Physics is not easy to learn.‎ Plastics is a kind of matter.‎ ⑺ 两个名词由and 或 both…and…连接作主语时，谓语动词一般用复数形式， 但当and不表并列意义，连接两个在意义上表同一人、物或概念或由两个部件配成的物品时，谓语动词用单数形式。‎ e.g. My brother and I have both seen the film.‎ Both rice and wheat are grown in China.‎ The professor and writer is speaking at the meeting.‎ One more knife and fork is needed.‎ War and peace is a long theme in history.‎ ⑻ 表示国家、城市、人名、书名、报纸、杂志及组织等的专有名词作主语，常作为整体看待，谓语动词用单数形式。‎ e.g. Shanghai is the biggest city in China.‎ The United States lies in North America.‎ ⑵ 表示国家、民族的形容词与the连用，指整个民族，有多数的含义，谓语动词用复数形式，但表语言时用单数。‎ e.g. The French are brave.‎ French is a beautiful language.‎ ⑶ ‎“a+单数名词+or two”作主语，谓语动词用单数形式，但 “one or two+复数名词” 作主语，谓语动词用复数形式。‎ e.g. A day or two has passed.‎ One or two days have passed.‎ ⑷ 两个主语，一个表肯定，另一个表否定，谓语动词的数与表肯定的主语一致。‎ e.g. I, not you, am the right person to do the work.‎ ⑸ 一些以复数形式出现的单复同形名词，作主语时，其谓语动词的单复形式要根据句子的具体含义来定，常见的这类以复数形式出现的单复同形词有：means(方法，手段), bellows(风箱，减压舱), species(种类), series(系列),works(工厂), barracks(兵营，营房),lazybones(懒骨头), headquarters(司令部),gallows(绞台),links(高尔夫球场).‎ e.g. One means Every means has been tried.‎ All means Such means are unpleasant.‎ ⑹ 英语中有些单复数同形的名词是以单数形式出现的，这些词主要有下面几种：‎ ⅰ. 某些动物名称：sheep，deer等。‎ ⅱ. 以 “-ese”或 “-ss” 结尾的国家名称：Chinses, Japanese, Swiss等。‎ ⅲ. 汉语音译的表示度量衡、货币等单位的名称：jin(斤), yuan(人民币元)等。‎ ⅳ. craft(指船或飞机)，aircraft(飞机)等。‎ 注：有时此类动物名称加 “-s”表示不同种类：‎ e.g. two fish (同种)两条鱼 two fishes 两条不同的鱼 ㈢ 就近一致原则：指谓语动词的单复数形式取决于最靠近它的名词或代词的单复数形式保持一致。‎ ‎⑴ 由or, either…or…, neither…nor…,not only…but also…,not…but…连接的并列主语。‎ e.g. Either Tom or you are going to help us.‎ Not only the students but also the teacher is enjoying the film.‎ ‎⑵ 在there be和here be 表 “存在”的结构中，谓语动词与最近的主语保持一致。‎ e.g. There is an apple, two bananas and some oranges on the plates.‎ Here are my answers to your questions.‎ 注：as well as 遵循就前一致原则(前面已有例句)‎ Step 3. Exercises and homework ‎⒈【2006 上海春季】China has promised to revise its existing regulations and _____ new policies according to WTO requirements.‎ A.‎ forming ‎ B.‎ to form C.‎ to be forming D.‎ have formed ‎2.【2005 全国Ⅱ】While watching television, ______.‎ A.‎ the doorbell rang B.‎ the doorbell rings C.‎ we heard the doorbell ringing ‎ D.‎ we heard the doorbell rings ‎3.【2005 北京】The prize of the game show is $30 000 and all expense_____vacation to China.‎ A.‎ paying B.‎ paid C.‎ to be paid D.‎ being paid ‎4.【2005 上海】Professor Smith, along with his assistants, _____on the project day and night to meet the deadline.‎ A.‎ work B.‎ working C.‎ is working D.‎ are working ‎5.【2005 上海】At last, we found ourselves in a pleasant park with trees providing shade and ____down to eat our picnic lunch.‎ A.‎ sitting B.‎ having sat C.‎ to sit D.‎ sat ‎6.【2005 辽宁】Nowadays, a large number of women, especially those from the countryside, ____in the clothing industry.‎ A.‎ is working B.‎ works C.‎ work D.‎ worked ‎7.【2005 山东】With more forests being destroyed, huge quantities of good earth ____each year.‎ A.‎ is washing away B.‎ is being washed away C.‎ are washing away D.‎ are being washed away ‎8.【2005 江西】_____ and no way to reduce her pain and suffering fro the terrible disease, the patient sought her doctor’s help to end her life.‎ A.‎ Having given up hope of cure B.‎ With no hope for cure C.‎ There being hope for cure D.‎ In the hope of cure ‎9.【2005 上海】The purpose of new technology is to make life easier, _____ it more difficult.‎ A.‎ not making B.‎ not make C.‎ not to make D.‎ nor to make ‎10.【2005 上海】Telephone message for the manager ____ on her desk but she didn’t notice them.‎ A.‎ were left B.‎ was left C.‎ was leaving D.‎ were leaving ‎11.【2004 北京】The teacher, with 6 girls and 8 boys of her class, _____ visiting a museum when the earthquake struck.‎ A.‎ was B.‎ were C.‎ had been D.‎ would be ‎12.【2004 上海】Having been attacked by terrorists,_____.‎ A.‎ doctors came to their rescue B.‎ the tall building collapsed C.‎ an emergency measure was taken D.‎ warnings were given to tourists ‎13.【2004 福建】She has set a new record, that is, the sales of her latest book ____50 million.‎ A.‎ have reached ‎ B.‎ has reached C.‎ are reaching D.‎ had reached ‎14.【2004 广东】All the employees except the manager _____ to work online at home.‎ A.‎ encourages ‎ B.‎ encourage C.‎ is encouraged D.‎ are encouraged ‎15.【2003 上海】When and where to go for the on-salary holiday_____ yet.‎ A.‎ are not decided B.‎ have not been decided C.‎ is not being decided D.‎ has not been decided ‎16.【2003 北京】—How are the team playing?‎ ‎— They’re playing well, but one of them ____ hurt.‎ A.‎ got B.‎ gets C.‎ are D.‎ were ‎17.【2001 上海】Fishing is his favorite hobby, and_____.‎ A.‎ he'd like to collect coins as well B.‎ he feels like colecting coins, too C.‎ to collect coins is also his hobby D.‎ collecting coins also gives him great pleasure ‎18.【2001 上海】In order to improve English, ____.‎ A.‎ Jenny's father bought her a lot of tapes B.‎ Jenny bought a lot of tapes for herself C.‎ a lot of tapes were bought by Jenny D.‎ a lot of tapes were bought by Jenny's father ‎19.【2009 四川】 The teacher together with the students____ discussing Reading Skill that____ newly published in America.‎ A.‎ are; were B.‎ is; were C.‎ are; was D.‎ is; was ‎20.【2008 陕西】—Did you go to the show last night?‎ ‎—Yeah. Every boy and girl in the area _____ invited.‎ A.‎ were B.‎ have been ‎ C.‎ has been ‎ D.‎ was ‎21. The White family____ very large. All the family _____ animal lovers.‎ A.‎ is; are B.‎ is; is C.‎ are; is D.‎ are; are ‎22. The youth of China today ____ trying their best to study modern science and technology.‎ A. is B. was C. were D. are ‎23.【2009 湖南】Either you or one of your students_____ to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.‎ A. are B. is C. have D. be ‎38. Nobody but Mary and John ____ the secret.‎ A.‎ know B.‎ knows C.‎ have known D.‎ is known ‎39. More than one glass _____ needed.‎ A.‎ are B.‎ is C.‎ prove D.‎ sound ‎40. I don’t think ____ rich ____ the happiest in the world.‎ A.‎ ‎/; is B.‎ the; is C.‎ the; are D.‎ ‎/; are ‎41. Many a man and many a woman _____ a walk in the park.‎ A.‎ is taking B.‎ are taking C.‎ take D.‎ is taken ‎42. DPRK_____ the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea.‎ A.‎ mean B.‎ are meant C.‎ stands for D.‎ represent ‎43. The letter UK____ the United Kingdom.‎ A.‎ stand for B.‎ stands for C.‎ means D.‎ represents ‎44. All but one____ here just now.‎ A.‎ is B.‎ was C.‎ has been ‎ D.‎ were ‎45. Not only I but also Jane and Mary_____ tired of having one examination after another.‎ A.‎ is B.‎ are C.‎ am D.‎ be ‎46. The number of people invited to the party ____ fifty, but a number of them____ absent for different reasons.‎ A.‎ were; was B.‎ was; was C.‎ was; were D.‎ were; were ‎47. Either you or the headmaster _____ the prizes to these gifted students at the meeting.‎ A.‎ is handing out B.‎ are to hand out C.‎ are handing out ‎ D.‎ is to hand out ‎48. Apples of this kind_____.‎ A.‎ tastes good B.‎ tastes well C.‎ taste good D.‎ taste well ‎49. The Olympic Games_____ held every four years.‎ A.‎ is ‎ B.‎ are C.‎ was D.‎ has been ‎50. He is the only one of the students who_____ elected.‎ A.‎ are B.‎ have C.‎ has D.‎ is ‎51. “All ____ present and all ____ going on well,” our monitor said.‎ A.‎ is; is B.‎ are; are C.‎ is; are D.‎ are; is ‎52. The Chinese _____ hard-working and brave.‎ A.‎ are B.‎ is C.‎ has been D.‎ is being ‎53. The family _____ all sports lovers.‎ A.‎ is ‎ B.‎ are C.‎ was D.‎ be ‎54. Your trousers____ dirty. You must have____ washed.‎ A.‎ is; it B.‎ are; it C.‎ are; them D.‎ is; them ‎55. The police ____ the murderer everywhere when he suddenly appeared in a theatre.‎ A.‎ is searching for B.‎ were searching for C.‎ are searching for D.‎ were searching ‎ ‎56. Every means_____.‎ A.‎ has tried B.‎ have tried C.‎ has been tried D.‎ have been tried ‎57. The doctor and writer _____ going to give us a talk.‎ A.‎ are B.‎ is C.‎ were D.‎ have been ‎58. Large quantities of water _____ needed for cooling purpose.‎ A.‎ is ‎ B.‎ are C.‎ has ‎ D.‎ have ‎59. The population of this country_____ very large and 80 percent of the population ___ peasants.‎ A.‎ is; is ‎ B.‎ are; are C.‎ is; are D.‎ are; is ‎60. Neither of the novels which____ popular with us_____been translated into Chinese.‎ A.‎ are; has B.‎ are; have C.‎ is; have D.‎ is; has ‎61. —How ____ the team playing?‎ ‎—They’re playing well, but one of them ____ hurt.‎ A.‎ are; got B.‎ is; gets C.‎ are; are D.‎ is; were ‎62. They each ____ a Japanese-Chinese dictionary.‎ A.‎ has got B.‎ has ‎ C.‎ have got D.‎ owns ‎63. Ten dollars _____ quite enough.‎ A.‎ are ‎ B.‎ is C.‎ have D.‎ has Step 4. Conclude and think over this lesson.‎