高考英语语法虚拟语气详解练习精讲 7页

虚拟语气 陈述语气：表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句。如：0-0There are two sides to every question./ 0-1Were you busy all day yesterday?‎ 祈使语气：表示说话人对对方的请求或命令。如：0-2Never be late again!/ 0-3Don’t forget to turn off the light.‎ 虚拟语气：表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。如：0-4If I were a bird, I could fly in the air. ‎ 一 真实条件与非现实条件 真实条件表示现实情况中可能实现的情况而非真实条件表示与现实情况相反的假想。‎ ‎1-1 If the working conditions are not too bad, I will accept the job.‎ 如果工作条件不太差，我会接受这项工作。(真实条件)‎ ‎1-2 If the working conditions were not too bad, I would accept the job.‎ 如果工作条件不太差，我就接受这项工作了。(非真实条件)‎ ‎ (事实是The working conditions are too bad,、I won't accept the job)‎ ‎1-3 He said if he failed, he would have another try.‎ 他说他如果失败，他还会再试一次。(真实条件)‎ ‎1-4 If he had failed, he would have had another try.‎ 如果他失败的话，他会再试一次的。(非真实条件)‎ ‎(事实是He didn't fail and he didn't have another try.)‎ 二 非真实条件句 ‎2.1 if条件状语从句中的虚拟语气 ‎ 类别 用法 例句 If引导的条件从 句 与现在事实相反 从句动词：过去式（be用were）‎ 主句动词：should/would/could/might+动词原形 If it weren’t snowing, we wouldn’t stay in the house.（事实上现在下雪）‎ If he hurried, he could catch the first bus.‎ If it weren’t for your help, we would get into trouble. ‎ 与过去事实相反 从句动词：had+过去分词 主句动词：should/would/could/might+have+过去分词 If I had been free, I would have visited you.‎ If Bob had come with us, he would have had a good time.‎ If you had taken my advice, you would not have made such a mistake. ‎ 与将来事实相反 从句动词：过去式/should+动词原形/ were+不定式 主句动词：should/would/could/might+动词原形 If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go camping.‎ We would stay at home if it should rain tomorrow.‎ If I were to do the examination I would do it some other way.‎ 注意:主句中的should只用于I、we，但在美国英语中，should常被would代替；从句中的should可用于各种人称，且不可以被would所代替。‎ ‎2.2 混合虚拟结构 ‎2.2.1不同时间的虚拟 If he had listened to me, he would not be in trouble now.（从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反）‎ If he had told me yesterday, I should know what to do now. （从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反）‎ If I were you, I would have gone to her birthday party. （从句与现在事实相反，主句与过去事实相反）‎ ‎2.2.2 虚拟与陈述的混合 He could have passed the exam, but he wasn’t careful enough. ‎ You should have come earlier. The bus left a moment ago. ‎ 例题解析：The tree looked as if it ______ for a long time.‎ A. hasn't watered B. didn't water C. hadn't bee watered D. wasn't watered 那棵树看上去好象很久没人给浇水了。（答案是c）‎ 三 含蓄条件句 非真实条件句中的条件从句不出现if，假想条件只暗含在上下文中，这种句子叫做含蓄条件句。‎ What would I have done without you? 如没有你，我会怎么办呢？(条件暗含在分词短语without you中)‎ It would be easier to do it this way. 这样做会比较容易。(条件暗含在不定式短语to do it this way中)‎ I would appreciate a little of your time. 谢谢你给我一点时间吧。(可能暗含if you were so kind as to give me a little of your time) ‎ ‎3.1 without/but for/in the absence of 表示“要不是”，“如果没有”(相当于if it were not for)表示条件时，句中一般用虚拟语气。（也可用陈述语气）‎ Without your help, I couldn' t finish my work on time.‎ In the absence of water and air, nothing could live. ‎ But for your assistance, we could not accomplish it.要不是你的帮忙，我们是难有成就的。‎ ‎3.2句中含有or, or else, otherwise, but等词语，暗示句子的某一部分(前句或后句)需用虚拟语气。‎ ‎　He was on business in Beijing at that time; otherwise he might have helped us。‎ ‎　Luckily Mary telephoned to inform me of the meeting, or would have been I absent。‎ ‎　I should have attended my friend’s wedding ceremony, but I couldn’t afford the time。‎ 四 非真实条件句倒装 省略连词if。在书面语中，如果虚拟条件从句中有were，had 或 should，可以把if省略，把这几个词放到主语之前，构成主谓倒装。‎ If he had seen you yesterday，he would have asked you about it. →Had he seen you yesterday，he would have asked you about it. ‎ If I were you，I would do it at once. →Were I you，I would do it at once. ‎ Should he come (If he should come), tell him to ring me up.‎ Were I you (If I were you), I would not do it. 我要是你，就不做这事。‎ Had he had lunch (If he had had lunch), he would not have eaten so many cookies.‎ 五 宾语从句中的虚拟语气 ‎5.1下列动词后的宾语从句中insist(坚持)， urge (催促)， order(命令)， command(命令)， request(请求，要求)， demand(要求)，require(要求，需要)suggest(建议)，advise(建议)，propose(建议) , recommend(建议， 推荐) 用(should ) +动词原形 He suggested that we (should) save money for the future.‎ The undergraduate insisted that he (should) go to work in the south.‎ 注意：当suggest表示暗示，insist表示坚持观点，事实时，后接的宾语从句应当用真实语气。‎ His silence suggested that he agreed with my decision.‎ He insists that doing morning exercises does well to people’s health. ‎ 例题详解：‎ ‎(1) “Shall I come tomorrow?” “I’d rather you _________.”‎ A. won’t                       B. didn’t                        C. don’t                        D. wouldn’t ‎(2) “I’ve told him about it.” “But I’d rather you _________.”‎ A. didn’t                        B. hadn’t                        C. don’t                        D. wouldn’t ‎(3) “He will take you as well.” “But I’d rather he _________.”‎ A. won’t                        B. didn’t                        C. doesn’t                      D. wouldn’t B ‎5.2 wish后接that宾语从句表示一种假想情况，实现可能性较小 ‎5.2.1对现在情况的虚拟，假想的情况与主句主语的愿望同时发生：宾语从句动词用过去式，谓语be用were。例：‎ I wish I knew the answer to the question.我希望知道这个答案。(事实上是不知道)‎ I wish it were spring in my hometown all the year around. 但愿我的家乡四季如春。(事实上不可能)‎ Now that he is in China, he wishes he understood Chinese.(wishes,过去虚拟动词understood)‎ 现在他在中国，他希望能懂得中文。(事实上并不懂)‎ ‎5.2.2假想的情况在主句主语愿望前发生：宾语从句的谓语用过去完成时，例：‎ I wish I hadn't wasted so much time.我后悔不该浪费这么多时间。(事实上已浪费了)‎ He wishes he hadn't lost the chance.他真希望没有失去机会。(其实已失去)‎ We wished he had spoken to us. (事实上他并没同我们讲)‎ 例题分析：I wish I ______ longer this morning, but I had to get up and come to class.‎ A. could have slept 　　B. slept C. might have slept 　　D. have slept 动词wish后面接从句，表达不可能实现或与事实相反的情况时，谓语动词要用虚拟语气，即用过去式（表示现在发生的动作）或过去完成式（表示过去发生的动作）。本题后半句谓语动词have用的是过去时had to get up and come, 所以前面要用过去完成时表示过去发生的动作。所以, 选项A)could have slept是答案 ‎5.2.3假想的情况在主句主语愿望之后发生：从句谓语动词用would+原形动词 I wish it would stop raining. 我希望雨能停止 I wish you would be quiet. 我希望你安静一些。‎ You wished she would arrive the next day. 你希望她第二天会到。‎ I wish she would change her mind.我希望她会改变主意。‎ 六 主语从句中的虚拟语气 ‎6.1 It is suggested/advised/ordered/requested/required…+that从句(should) do It is proposed that more students should go to university.‎ ‎6.2 It is natural/necessary/strange +that从句(should) do表惊奇、怀疑、惋惜、不满、理应如此等。‎ It’s strange that he should have missed the train. （表竟然） ‎ It is important that we should learn from others.（表理应如此）‎ It is a pity that he should not go with us.(表惊讶、不满)‎ 例题分析： It is politely requested by the hotel management that radios ______ after 11 o'clock at night.‎ A. were not played 　　B. not be played C. not to play 　　　　D. did not play 全句意思是：“旅馆管理部门恳请客人晚上11点后不要打开收音机”。句中的谓语动词request（请求）所引出的从句应当用虚拟语气，即动词原形或“should＋动词原形”。本句的主语从句中，主语radio是谓语动词play 的客体，谓语应当用被动语态。所以，答案是C) not be played。在上述这类句子中不能用动词过去时形式表示虚拟语气，所以A)不正确。选项B) not to play是动词带to的不定式，不能在句中作谓语。选项D)did not play也是动词play的过去时形式，同样不能在本句中作为虚拟语气来使用。而且，它是主动语态形式，而本题要用被动语态。‎ ‎6.3 I It is high time that+从句= It is time that+从句，该是...的时候了，后面的从句谓语动词要用过去式或用should加动词原形，但should不可省略。‎ It is (high/about) time we went home.‎ It is time that the children went to bed. It is high time that the children should go to bed.‎ 七 其他名词性从句中的虚拟语气 ‎7.1 My advice/suggestion/request/requirement/order/proposal…+ is +表语从句(should) do ‎ My advice is that you should practise speaking English as often as possible.‎ The order from the commander was that the troops should set off for the front immediately.‎ ‎7.2 His suggestion/advice/request/requirement…+同位语从句(should) do+ is.. ‎ The request that they should get more is reasonable.‎ 注意：在一些名词性从句中，谓语动词用“should+动词原形”或“should +have done”，表示惊讶、意志等感情色彩，译为“竟然，居然”。‎ I am surprised /shocked that you should speak in such a way。‎ I find it astonishing that he should be so rude to his mum。‎ It is strange /surprising that she should not have been invited。‎ I am glad that your story should have won the first prize。‎ 八 其他句式中的虚拟语气 ‎8.1 would rather +从句，常用过去时did表示与现在或将来事实相反的愿望，用过去完成时had done表示与过去事实相反的愿望。‎ I would rather you came tomorrow.‎ I would rather you hadn’t told her the news.‎ Frankly speaking, I would rather you came tomorrow. The manager isn’t available today.‎ I would rather you had gone to the party with me last night. It was really wonderful.‎ 注意：would rather do sth 例题解析：‎ ‎(1) “Shall I come tomorrow ?” “I’d rather you _________.”‎ A. won’t                       B. didn’t                        C. don’t                        D. wouldn’t ‎(2) “I’ve told him about it.” “But I’d rather you _________.”‎ A. didn’t                        B. hadn’t                        C. don’t                        D. wouldn’t ‎(3) “He will take you as well.” “But I’d rather he _________.”‎ A. won’t                        B. didn’t                        C. doesn’t                      D. wouldn’t B ‎8.2 If only +从句 同样表示假想，意为“要是…就好了” ，相当于wish (过去式-与现在相反)/ (would+动词原形-与将来相反) /( 过去完成时-与过去相反) ‎ If my grandmother were with me! 如果我的祖母与我在一起多好啊! ‎ If only she had not left! 如果她没走就好了!‎ If only he would come tomorrow!‎ If only I had taken her advice!‎ 注意：only if是“只要”的意思，从句中用陈述语气 例题解析：Look at the terrible situation I am in! If only I ____ your advice.‎ A. follow 　　B. had followed 　　C. would follow 　　D. have followed if only 引出感叹句，意思是“要是……多好”，表示说话人的一种愿望，希望发生（事实上不可能发生）与过去事实相反的情况。本句的全句意思是：“看我现在的处境多糟糕！要是我听从你的劝告多好”。事实上，句中的“我”没有听从劝告，所以处境很糟糕。 题中空格处应当用虚拟语气，答案是B。‎ ‎8.3 as if/though +从句 表示说话人假想的情况，用法同wish (过去式-与现在相反)/ (would+动词原形-与将来相反) /( 过去完成时-与过去相反) ‎ He felt as if he alone were responsible for what had happened.他感到仿佛唯独他要对发生的一切负责。 ‎ The old man looked at the picture, he felt as though he had gone back to time 20 years ago.‎ They talked and talked as if they would never meet again.他们谈了又谈，仿佛他们不会再相见的样子。‎ ‎8.4 lest, for fear that, in order that及in case引导的目的状语从句中，其谓语动词多由should＋动词原形构成，should可省略 He was punished lest he should make the same mistake again．他被处以惩罚以免他再犯。‎ 例题解析：The mad man was put in the soft-padded cell lest he _____ himself.‎ A. injure B. injured 　　C. had injure　　D. would injure 这个疯子被关进墙上装有衬垫的病房，以免伤了他自己。（答案是a）‎ ‎8.5表祝愿 常用“may+动词原形”表示祝愿，但愿，此时may须置于句首（多用于正式文体中）。‎ May good luck be yours!祝你好运！ May you be happy!祝你快乐！May you do even better!祝你取得更大成就！‎ ‎1 --- I’m sorry. I _______ at you the other day.‎ ‎   --- Forget it. I was a bit out of control myself.                  ‎ A. shouldn’t shout B. shouldn’t have shouted C. mustn’t shout D. mustn’t have shouted ‎2 Thank you for all your hard work last week. I don’t think we ____ it without you.‎ A. can manage   B. could have managed                            ‎ C. could manage  D. can have managed ‎3. ____ he had not hurt his leg, John would have won the race. ‎ A. If  B. Since C. Though  D. When ‎4 --- If the traffic hadn’t been so heavy, I could have been back by 6 o’clock.‎ ‎   --- What a pity! Tina ____here to see you.                         ‎ A. is  B. was  C. would be  D. has been ‎5 I was really anxious about you. You ____home without a word.‎ A. mustn’t leave  B. shouldn’t have left                      ‎ C. couldn’t have left  D. needn’t leave ‎6 He suggested that the person ____to be punished.‎ A. refers  B. refer  C. should refer  D. referred ‎7 --- Do you think the thief entered the room through the back door?‎ ‎  --- No, if he had, I don’t believe he ____the living-room window.‎ A. would break  B. broke   C. would have broken   D. breaks ‎8 Without electricity, human life ____quite different today.‎ ‎    A. is  B. will be  C. would have been  D. would be ‎9 --- ____he come to see you as he promised? ‎ ‎    --- Of course, please, and I’d rather he ____ me the truth.‎ ‎    A. Will; informed  B. Shall; told  C. Should; will tell  D. Can; tell ‎10 --- He looks very hot and dry.‎ ‎    --- So ____ if you had a temperature of 39.‎ ‎    A. would you   B. will you   C. would you have been   D. do you 考题精释 ‎1. B。考查虚拟语气中情态动词的选择。should have done是虚拟用法，表示对过去情况的后悔或责备，D项 ‎   语气太重，不符合语境。‎ ‎2. B。此题考查情态动词表示虚拟意义的用法。I don’t think…是否定前移。意为：我认为没有你我们本不 ‎   能做成这件事的。此题关键是要根据句意知道是虚拟语气，其基本形式是情态动词（过去式）+ have ‎ ‎   done，所以其他选项皆可排除。‎ ‎3. A。从题干意思看，句子明显用虚拟语气。If可引导虚拟的条件从句，指与事实相反或不可能实现的假 ‎   设。对过去的情景表达虚拟时条件句谓语用had + 过去分词，主句用would/ could/ should have done形式。‎ ‎4. B。透过虚拟语气透漏的信息：因交通拥挤，我六点以前没能及时赶回；所以下文说：真遗憾，Tina六点 ‎   以前在（was）这里（要见你，但现在已经走了），上句虚拟，下句真实。‎ ‎5. B。语境告诉考生，说话者对对方非常担心又满怀关切之情，既着急又生气，因此难免说出埋怨的话：你 ‎   本不该不辞而别（而使我如此担心）。shouldn’t have left是一种虚拟说法，即“过去本不该离开”，符合 ‎   语境。‎ ‎6. D。suggest的宾语从句常用虚拟语气“(should)+原形动词”， 故易误选B, C.其实该题考查的是过去分词 ‎   短语referred to作定语，从句的谓语是(should) be punished.‎ ‎7. C。对话中的No是关键词，说明答话人已经否认小偷进入过房间，所以后面的议论用的是与过去事实相反 ‎   的虚拟语气。‎ ‎8. D。“假如今天没有电，人们的生活就大不同了”，是一种虚拟表达，要用与现在事实相反的虚拟语气谓 ‎   语，故选D. 这里Without短语表示虚拟条件。‎ ‎9. B。考查情态动词和虚拟语气的运用。表示征询意见，shall用于第一、三人称；would rather后接从句用过 ‎   去时表示虚拟语气。‎ ‎10. A。根据句子的内在逻辑暗示这里应用“so +谓语+主语”句型表示前边的一种情况也适用于后者；本句 ‎   中从句谓语动词had是解题的关键，这暗示if从句使用了虚拟语气，那么与将来事实相反的主句谓语要用 ‎   could，would＋原形动词等，故选A。‎ ‎11 I forget where I read the article, or I ________ it to you now.‎ A. will show               B. would show          C. am going to show      D. am showing ‎【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。‎ ‎【分析】正确答案选B。根据上文的语境可知句中的 or 隐含有一个虚拟的条件，即 or=if I didn’t forget where I read the article（要是我没忘记我在哪儿读过这篇文章的话——但事实上忘了）。‎ ‎12. “It looks as if he were drunk.” “So it does. _________.”‎ A. He’d better give up drinking B. He shouldn’t have drunk so much          ‎ C. Health is more important than drink D. I wonder why he is always doing so ‎【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选，主要是受句中 drunk 一词的影响。‎ ‎【分析】最佳答案为D。关键信息是It looks as if he were drunk 中的虚拟语气，句子既然用了虚拟语气，也就是说，“他喝醉了”不是事实，只是他的言行好像是醉了，所以此题的最佳答案是D。‎ ‎13. “Mary looks hot and dry” “So _________ you if you had so high a fever.”‎ A. do B. are C. will D. would ‎【陷阱】容易误选A或C。选A者，认为前后两句的动词性质应一致；选C者，认为其后带有if 条件状语从句，从语气上看，主句应用将来时态。‎ ‎【分析】此题最佳答案为D。分析如下：‎ ‎(1) “so + 助动词 + 主语”是一个很有用的结构，它表示“……也一样”时。如：‎ He likes to watch TV, and so do I. 他喜欢看电视，我也一样。‎ When animals and plants disappear, so will man. 当动植物消失的时候，人类也会随之消失。‎ ‎(2) 由于空格后的 if 条件状语从句的谓语用的是虚拟语气（这是很重要的信息），所以主句要用 would 而不用 will，即答案应选D。‎ ‎14. “He will come tomorrow.” “But I’d rather he _________ the day after tomorrow.”‎ A. will come B. is coming C. came D. had come ‎【陷阱】容易误选A或B。根据上文的 He will come tomorrow 以及下文的时间状语 the day after tomorrow 似乎都表明空白处应填一个一般将来时态。‎ ‎【分析】但此题的最佳答案是 C。按照英语习惯，would rather 后接that 从句时，从句谓语通常要用虚拟语气，即用过去式表示现在或将来，用过去完成时表示过去。‎ ‎15. All the doctors in the hospital insisted that he ________ badly wounded and that he ________ at once.‎ A. should be; be operated on B. were; must be operated on C. was; should be operated D. was; be operated on ‎【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。‎ ‎【分析】最佳答案选 D。insist后的从句谓语有时用“should+动词原形”这样的虚拟语气，有时不用，具体要看该谓语动词所表示的含义。一般说来，若该谓语动词所表示的动作尚未发生，或尚未成为事实，则用虚拟语气；若该谓语动词所表示的动作已经发生，或已经成为事实，则要用陈述语气。分析上题的句意，可知只有选D最合适。请做以下类似试题（答案选B）：‎ ‎16. _________ smoking, he would not have got cancer in the lung.‎ A. Was he given up B. Had he given up C. Did he give D. If he gave up ‎【陷阱】容易误选 D。‎ ‎【分析】正确答案应选B。之所以不能选D，是因为时态前后有矛盾。由于主句谓语是would not have got，这表明是对过去事实作出的假设，所以从句谓语应该是 had given up，而不是像D项那样用一般过去时。另外，当虚拟条件句中有 had, should, were 等词时，通常可以省略 if，并将 had, should, were 提前置于句首。又如：(from www.nmet168.com)‎ Were they to cease advertising, prices would come down.= If they were to cease advertising, prices would come down. 如果他们停止做广告，价钱会降下来。‎ Had I been there, I would have filmed the occasion.= If I had been there, I would have filmed the occasion. 如果我在那里，我会把那场面拍摄下来了。‎ ‎17. Thank you for all your hard work last week. I don’t think we ______ it without you。‎ A. can manage B. could have managed ‎ C. could manage D. can have managed ‎　　考点解析：句中的介词短语without you表示一个假设的条件，而时间状语last week表明句子陈述的内容与过去的事实相反，因此最佳答案为B。‎ ‎18. What a pity! Considering his ability and experience, he ____ better。‎ ‎　　A. need have done B. must have done ‎　　C. can have done D. might have done ‎　　考点解析：“What a pity!”暗示他的表现令人遗憾。鉴于他的能力和经验，他本来可能发挥得更好，因此用might have done，最佳答案为D。‎ ‎19.— Why didn’t you come to Mike's birthday party yesterday?‎ ‎　— Well, I________, but I forgot it。‎ ‎　　A.should have B.must C.should D.must have ‎　　考点解析：答语意为“我本来应该去的，但是我忘记了”。should have done 表示“本来应该做某事，而未做”。作为简略，done 被省略，只保留should have，最佳答案为A。‎ ‎20. I to go for a walk, but someone called and I couldn’t get way。‎ ‎　　A. was planning B. had planned C. planned D. would plan ‎　　考点解析：句意为：我原计划去散步，但是有人来访，我无法走开。had planned to do sth表示过去未能实现的打算。最佳答案为B。‎ ‎21. I would like _______ you to my birthday party, but I was busy and forgot to call you。‎ ‎　　A. to invite B. inviting C. to have invited D. having invited ‎　　考点解析：句意为：我本来想让你参加我的生日宴会，可是因为忙，我忘记了“。would like to have done sth。表示“本来想做某事(而未做)”。最佳答案为C。‎ ‎22. — Did you visit the famous cultural relics last month?‎ ‎　— No, we _____ visited it, but we spent too much time shopping。‎ ‎　　A. could have B. must have C. can have D. ought to have ‎　　考点解析：句意为： “我们本来有时间参观(文化古迹)的，可是我们在购物上花费了太多的时间”。 could have done表示“过去本来可以做某事(而未做) ”。最佳答案为A。‎ ‎23. Had Paul received six more votes in the last election, he ______ our chairman now. ‎ A. must have been B. would have been C. were D. would be ‎ 解析：这道题目是一个混合虚拟语气的句子。条件句省略了if，把助词had提前到主语前面，表示对过去情况的假设，而主句中now表明了对现在情况的假设，所以应选would(should, could, might)+动词原形这种表达形式。四个选项中只有（D）是正确表达形式，故为正确答案。‎ ‎24. ______ the English examination I would have gone to the concert last Sunday.‎ A. In spite of B. But for C. Because of D. As for ‎ 解析：假设的情况有时不是用一个条件句表示，而是隐含在一个由介词如but for、but that、without, 由连词but、副词otherwise 、比较级、形容词、独立主格等表示的上下文中。本句主句表示对过去情况的假设，但事实上由于英语考试而没有去成，即若不是因为英语考试，我本可以去听音乐会，所以应选（B）But for为正确答案。‎ ‎25 The sun rises in the east and sets in the west, so it seems as if the sun ________round the earth.‎ A. were circling B. circles C. is circling D. be circling 解析：if引导的从句要求用虚拟语气，表示同时或将来的情况，动词要用过去式（be动词用were）或would(could等)+动词原形，本句话中指的是当时的情况，所以要用过去式，故（A）是正确答案。‎ ‎26 Had he worked harder, he _____ the exams.‎ A. must have got through 　　　 B. would have got through C. would get through 　　　　　D. could get through 解析：本题前半句是表示与过去事实相反的虚拟条件从句，后半句是表示与过去事实相反的主句。相当于：If he had worked harder, he would have got through the exams.本题的答案是B. would have got through。选项A. must have got through（肯定通过）表示一种对过去事情的主观推测，不是与过去事情相反的情况。另外，must不能用在虚拟条件句中。选项C. would get through（就会通过）是虚拟语气现在时的一种表示方法，表示与现在事实相反。选项D. could get through（可能通过），could也可以用于非真实条件句里，表示与事实相反的情况，但这里，它只表示与现在事实或将来可能的事实相反。‎ ‎27 I'd rather you _____ by train, because I can't bear the idea of your being in an airplane in such bad weather.‎ A. would go B. should go　C. went　D. had gone 解析：主语+would rather后接宾语从句,从句中谓语须用虚拟语气：用一般过去时表示希望现在或将来实现的行为或状态,用过去完成时表示希望过去实现的行为或状态。本题中原因状语从句用一般现在时,暗示希望现在或将来发生的行为动作,故选C. went。‎ ‎28 _____ for the timely investment from the general public,our company would not be so thriving as it is.‎ A. Had it not been　B. Were it not　C. Be it not　D. Should it not be 解析：“要不是老百姓的及时投资，我们的公司不会像现在这样兴旺。”本题测试交错时间的虚拟语气。从句是表示过去时间的虚拟条件，if省略，主语it与助动词had倒装。虚拟条件句也可写成这样：If it had nor been for the timely investment from the general public。这是重点句型，在各类测试中常考。答案： A. Had it not been ‎29 We are all for your proposal that discussion _____.‎ A. be put off 　　B. was put off 　　C. should put off 　　D. is to put off 解析：全句意思是：我们都赞成你的建议，把讨论推迟。答案是A。虚拟语气在定语从句中的应用在It's (high) time 之后的定语从句中需用虚拟语气。谓语动词用过去式。‎ ‎30 Look at the terrible situation I am in! if only I ____ your advice.‎ A. follow 　　B. had followed 　　C. would follow 　　D. have followed 解析：if only 引出感叹句，意思是“要是……多好”，表示说话人的一种愿望，希望发生（事实上不可能发生）与过去事实相反的情况。本句的全句意思是：“看我现在的处境多糟糕！要是我听从你的劝告多好”。事实上，句中的“我”没有听从劝告，所以处境很糟糕。题中空格处应当用虚拟语气，答案是B。‎ ‎31 Without electronic computers, much of today’s advanced technology ______ .‎ A. will not have been achieved B. have not been achieved C. would not have been achieved D. had not been achieved 解析：（C）这是一人含蓄虚拟条件句，通过介词短语without,表示潜在的一种假设，而主句中的情况也早已经发生，所以是对过去情况的一种假设，因此用would not have been achieved这一形式。‎ ‎32 Without electronic computers, much of today’s advanced technology ______ . ‎ A. will not have been achieved B. have not been achieved C. would not have been achieved D. had not been achieved 解析：（C）这是一人含蓄虚拟条件句，通过介词短语without,表示潜在的一种假设，而主句中的情况也早已经发生，所以是对过去情况的一种假设，因此用would not have been achieved这一形式。‎ ‎33 Most insurance agents would rather you______ anything about collecting claims until they investigate the situation. ‎ A. do B. don’t C. didn’t D. didn’t do 解析：（D）would rather后接从句要求用虚拟语气，形式为过去式，表示对现在或将来的假设，或为过去完成式表示对过去的情况的假设。‎ ‎34 When Edison died, it was proposed that the American people _______ all power in their homes, streets, and factories for several minutes in honour of this great man.‎ A. turn off B. turned off C. would turn off D. had turned off 解析： propose是欲望动词,后接的宾语从句或主语从句中谓语要用虚拟语气：should+动词原形或直接用动词原形。选择（A）. turn off ‎35 As usual, he put on a show as though his trip______ a great success.‎ A. had been B. has been C. were D. was 解析：A．as though引导的与过去相反的虚拟 ‎36 There is a real possibility that these animals could be frightened, _______a sudden loud noise.‎ A. being there B. should there be C. there was D. there having been 解析：句意为：“要是有一声巨响，这些动物会受到惊吓，这是有现实可能性的。”should there be表示虚拟条件句中将来时间的谓语形式, if省略,所以should与there倒装。因此B. should there be 就是本题答案 。‎ ‎37 Looking round the town, he felt as though he ______ away for ages.‎ A. has been B. was C. is D. had been 解析：D．felt是过去式，所以该句是由as though引导的与过去相反的虚拟。‎ ‎38 I'd rather you _____ by train, because I can't bear the idea of your being in an airplane in such bad weather.‎ A. would go B. should go C. went D. had gone 解析：主语+would rather后接宾语从句,从句中谓语须用虚拟语气：用一般过去时表示希望现在或将来实现的行为或状态,用过去完成时表示希望过去实现的行为或状态。本题中原因状语从句用一般现在时,暗示希望现在或将来发生的行为动作,故选C. went。‎ ‎39 Had he worked harder, he _____ the exams.‎ A. must have got through B. would have got through C. would get through D. could get through 解析：本题前半句是表示与过去事实相反的虚拟条件从句，后半句是表示与过去事实相反的主句。相当于：If he had worked harder, he would have got through the exams.本题的答案是B. would have got through。选项A. must have got through（肯定通过）表示一种对过去事情的主观推测，不是与过去事情相反的情况。另外，must不能用在虚拟条件句中。选项C.‎ ‎40 Jean doesn't want to work right away because she thinks that if she ______ a job she probably wouldn't be able to see her friends very often.‎ A. has to get 　　B. had got 　　C. were to get 　　D. could have got 解析：本句的意思是：“琼不想马上就工作，她认为要是找了工作，就不能经常探访她的朋友了”。这说明，琼目前没有工作。句中假设的情况在近期内并不会存在。该条件句应当用表示将来情况的虚拟语气。条件从句的谓语用should或were to引出。因此C. were to get 是本题答案。选项A. has to get是陈述语气的现在时，不能用于虚拟条件句中。选项B. had got是虚拟语气的过去时，不能表示将来时间。选项D. could have got不能用于虚拟语气的条件从句中。‎