2014高考英语完形填空短文改错阅读理解训练5及答案 14页

‎ 2019高考英语完形填空、短文改错、阅读理解训练（5）及答案 维B 完形填空(每题1.5分，满分30分)‎ 选材相似度：★★★★‎ 设题相似度：★★★‎ 难度系数：★★★★★‎ Being a high school coach，I did all I could to help my boys win the games.I __1__ as hard for victory as they did.A dramatic __2__，however，following a game in which I officiated as a referee，__3__ my perspective on victories and defeats.I was __4__ a league championship basketball game in New Rochelle，New York，between New Rochelle and Yonkers High.‎ New Rochelle was __5__ by Dan O'Brien，Yonkers by Les Beck.The gym was fully __6__ to capacity，and the volume of noise made it __7__ to hear.The game was well played and __8__ competed.Yonkers was leading by one point as I __9__ there were but 30 seconds left to play.‎ Yonkers，in __10__ of the ball，passed off—shot—missed.New Rochelle recovered—pushed the ball up court—shot.The ball __11__ tantalizingly around the edge and off.The fans shrieked.‎ New Rochelle，the home team，__12__ the ball again，tapping it in for what looked like __13__.The noise was deafening.From the clock，I realized the game was __14__.I hadn't heard the final buzzer because of the noise.‎ Seeking help in this disorder，I __15__ the timekeeper，a young man of 17 or so.He said，Mr.Covino，the buzzer rang as the ball rolled off the rim __16__ the final tapin was made.‎ I was in the unenviable __17__ of having to tell Coach O'Brien the sad news.“Dan，” I said，“Yonkers __18__ the game.” His face clouded over.The young timekeeper came up，saying，“Sorry，Dad，__19__ ran out before the final basket was tapped in.” __20__ like the sun coming out from behind a cloud，Coach O'Brien's face lit up，“That's okay，Joe，my son，you did what you had to do.I'm proud ‎ of you.”‎ Note：‎ officiate vt.行使 ‎【语篇解读】 本文是记叙文。“我”是一名教练，可在一次比赛中所发生的事情让“我”印象深刻。‎ ‎1．A.played B．thought C．rooted D．studied 答案　C　[从前一句可知，作者是球队的教练，因此选C。root for表示“全力支持”。]‎ ‎2．A.accident B．event C．occurrence D．incident 答案　D　[a dramatic incident意为“戏剧性的小事”。accident指“突发的事故”；event指“大事”；occurrence指“异常情况”。][来源:Z_xx_k.Com]‎ ‎3．A.changed B．proved C．continued D．supported 答案　A　[从最后一段可知，Coach O'Brien对球赛的胜败态度的转变也影响了作者自己。]‎ ‎4．A.playing B．refereeing C．watching D．explaining 答案　B　[B项照应了前一句中的提示“referee”。]‎ ‎5．A.coached B．acted C．surrounded D．shocked 答案　A　[从最后一段可知，Dan O'Brien是New Rochelle的教练，应选A。]‎ ‎6．A.untreated B．unsafe C．crowded D．legal 答案　C　[考查形容词的用法。根据上下文可以推断体育馆的人很多，选C。untreated意为“未处理的”；unsafe意为“不安全的”；legal意为“合法的”。]‎ ‎7．A.surprising B．impossible C．exciting D．timely 答案　B　[从前一空和“noise”可推知B比较合理。]‎ ‎8．A.continuously B．closely C．easily D．happily 答案　B　[从后一句可知，双方几乎势均力敌，所以选B。]‎ ‎9．A.discovered B．remained C．accessed D．added 答案　A　[当作者发现“Yonkers was leading by one point”的时候还剩30秒比赛结束。A项符合题意。]‎ ‎10．A.search B．pride C．honour D．possession[来源:1]‎ 答案　D　[本题考查的是词组in possession of，意为“控制”，是“passed off—shot—missed”这一系列动作的前提。]‎ ‎11．A.ran B．rolled C．walked D．wandered 答案　B　[球投到篮里的时候，是roll(滚动)比较合乎题意。]‎ ‎12．A.refused B．removed C．recovered D．examined 答案　C　[根据“New Rochelle recovered—pushed the ball up court—shot.”可知答案应该是C。]‎ ‎13．A.failure B．victory C．mistake D．bravery 答案　B　[B项既照应了上文“tap in”(托进或拨进篮筐)，也照应了下面的“as the ball rolled off the rim__16__ the final tapin was made”，故选B。]‎ ‎14．A.over B．last C．dilemma D．unfair 答案　A　[从下面可知，球赛应该over(结束)，但没听到当时停止的信号。]‎ ‎15．A.entered B．left C．approached D．seperated 答案　C　[到计时员那儿去问，所以应该是approach(走近)。]‎ ‎16．A.if B．before C．and D．after 答案　B　[从下文可以推知，哨声是在最后一个进球之前吹响的，应选B。]‎ ‎17．A.situation B．position C．condition D．state 答案　B　[由于作者是裁判，再加上胜败已成定局，此时处于不值得羡慕的位置，故选B。situation指“形势”；condition指“条件”；state指“状况”。]‎ ‎18．A.won B．lost C．defeated D．loss 答案　A　[根据上下文可知赢了比赛，应选A。]‎ ‎19．A.way B．money C．strength D．time 答案　D　[句意是“在最后一个球投中之前时间就已经到了”，所以应选D。]‎ ‎20．A.Actually B．Luckily C．Finally D．Suddenly 答案　D　[因为Coach O'Brien的态度是在儿子的几句话后快速改变的，因此D比较符合语境。]‎ ‎*******************************************************结束 ‎【重庆市】‎ 第一节 短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，共10分）‎ ‎ 以下标有题号的每一行均有一个错误，请找出，并按下列情况改正：‎ ‎ 此行多一个词：把多余的词用斜线(＼)划掉，在该行右边横线上写出该词，并也用斜线划掉。‎ ‎ 此行缺一个词：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（^），在该行右边横线上写出该加的词。‎ ‎ 此行错一个词：在错的词下划一横线，在该行右边横线上写出改正后的词。‎ ‎ 注意：请在答题卡上作答。‎ Dear Editor,‎ Recently, my classmates have had a heated discussion about that ‎ ‎76. _______‎ we should have optional courses in high schools. Some students were ‎ ‎77. _______‎ in favor of the optional courses. They say interest is best teacher ‎ ‎78. _______‎ and our spare time will be colorful and meaningful. Students ‎ ‎79. _______‎ can not only enlarge their knowledges but also improve their abilities. ‎ ‎80. _______‎ However, others are against the idea, said that optional courses ‎81. _______‎ will take up too much time as well as energy. In addition to, some optional ‎ ‎82. _______‎ coruses have something to do with the College Entrance Examination. ‎ ‎83.‎ They ‎ ‎ _______‎ are afraid they’ll fall behind their classmates if they will take the optional ‎84. _______‎ courses. I’d like to take one or two of the optional coruses, which, I think,‎ will certain benefit me a lot. ‎ ‎85. _______‎ ‎ Yorus truly,‎ ‎ Li Hua 参考答案：‎ Dear Editor,‎ Recently, my classmates have had a heated discussion about that ‎ ‎76. whether we should have optional courses in high schools. Some students were ‎ ‎77. are ‎ in favor of the optional courses. They say interest is^best teacher ‎ ‎78. the ‎ and our spare time will be colorful and meaningful. Students ‎ ‎79. their ‎ can not only enlarge their knowledges but also improve their abilities. ‎ ‎80. knowledge ‎ However, others are against the idea, said that optional courses ‎81. saying ‎ will take up too much time as well as energy. In addition to, some optional ‎ ‎82. to ‎ coruses have something to do with the College Entrance Examination. They ‎ ‎83. nothing ‎ are afraid they’ll fall behind their classmates if they will take the optional ‎84. will ‎ courses. I’d like to take one or two of the optional coruses, which, I think,‎ ‎ ‎ will certain benefit me a lot. ‎ ‎85.‎ ‎ certainly ‎ ‎ Yorus truly,‎ ‎ Li Hua ‎*****************************************************************结束 社会生活类---（一）[201*·宁夏六校联考] ‎ In 1986，when Carlo Petrini first coined the term “Slow Food，” he organized locally in his native Italy to preserve the food and wine culture and protest fast food.‎ Today, slow food has spread to 132 countries with over 85, 000 members, addressing worldwide issues like farmer equity and environmental_stewardship—the actions people take to respect the rights of all living things and all environments, to contribute to healthy and livablecommunities.‎ Characterized by Slow Food International as “good, clean, and fair food，” slow food must enrich the eaters' life，have no negative impact on human or environmental health，and compensatefairly for food producers' work.‎ The average American meal travels about 1,500 miles to its final destination, with producing of food traveling by plane from overseas and other items shipped across the country.‎ However，cost for food travel and heavy processing are not the only problems in the foodindustry that the environment faces. Industrial agriculture also has unsustainable practices likeinefficient water use and decreased biodiversity. Our ideas in feeding ourselves are exceptional,but at various points our technologies come into conflict with nature's ways of doing things. A great many of the health and environmental problems created by our food system owe to our attempts tooversimplify natures complexities, at both the growing and the eating ends of our food chain.‎ ‎“Slowing” food, by purchasing locally and sustainably, allows consumers to reduce theimpact of “food miles” and develop a closer relationship with their food producers.“ We need tochange our food system，” said David Prior, organizer of Slow Food Nation EatIn. “Our currentfood system is sick and we need to support farmers and agriculture to ensure that everyone has theright to nutritious food.”‎ ‎36．The main idea of the passage can be summarized as________.‎ A．why slow food is so important ‎ B．the food and wine culture is rich in ‎Italy C．what you're eating always travels a long way ‎ D．slow food makes the current food system sick ‎37．According to the second paragraph, “environmental stewardship”refers to________.‎ A．measures of environmental protections B．ways to establish healthy and livable communities C．people's admiration for all the creatures on the earth D．actions to protect the rights of all living things and environment ‎38．Slow food's characteristic doesn't lie in________.‎ A．improving the quality of eaters' life B．providing a fair pay for food workers C．being friendly to human and environmental health ‎ D．developing a loose relationship with food producers ‎39．What is David Prior's attitude towards current food system? ‎ A．Suspicious. B．Unsatisfied. ‎ C．Indifferent. D．Supportive.‎ ‎【要点综述】本文的作者告诉我们，如果想吃得更健康、更营养，那就提倡“慢食物”吧！‎ ‎36．A　主旨大意题。本文主要探讨“慢食物”的重要性，以及“慢食物”给人们带来的好处，故答案选A项。‎ ‎37．D　细节理解题。从第二段中的“environmental stewardship—the actions people take to respect the rights of all living things and all environments”可知，环境管理(environmental stewardship)的内容就是“破折号”后的解释，即“人们尊重所有生物和环境的权利的行动”，故D项正确。‎ ‎38．D　细节理解题。从第三段可知，“慢食物运动”的特色就在于改善饮食者的饮食质量；不对人类健康和环境卫生产生副作用；给食物供应商以合理的报酬。D项则没有提到，故答案选D项。‎ ‎39．B　推理判断题。从最后一段David Prior所说的话可知，他认为当前的食物系统很糟糕，需要改进，所以他的态度应该是不满意的(unsatisfied)。A项表示“怀疑的”；C项表示“漠不关心的”；D项表示“支持的”，都不符合语境。‎ ‎********************************************************结束 ‎（浙江卷）短文改错（共10题；每小题1分，满分10分）‎ 下面短文中有10处语言错误。请再有错误的地方增加，删除或修改某个单词。‎ 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写上该加的词。‎ 删除：把多余的词用斜线（）划掉。‎ 修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写上修改后的词。‎ 注意：1.每处错误及修改均仅限一词；‎ ‎ 2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。‎ ‎ 例如：‎ ‎ It was very nice to get your invitation to spend∧weekend with you. Luckily ‎ ‎ the I was completely tree then, so I'll to say” yes". I'll arrive in Bristol at around 8:00 p. m. ‎ ‎ am in Friday evening.‎ on ‎ I was playing at my cousin house. Since his family was rich than mine, he had more toys than I did. There was one on particular I'd always wanted. I put into my pocket when he ‎ wasn't looking. I guessed, even at that age, I would never be able to enjoy to playing with ‎ the toy or faced my cousin again; I would always know, I'd done something wrong. Late on, my aunt drove me home. When she dropped me off, I pulled out the toy slow and gave ‎ It back. She knows what had happened,but she thanked me and ever mentioned it again.‎ ‎*********************************************************结束 ‎2.（201*·重庆卷）‎ Getting rid of dirt, in the opinion of most people, is a good thing. However, there is nothing fixed about attitudes to dirt.‎ In the early 16th century, people thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease, as medical opinion had it that washing off dirt with hot water could open up the skin and let ills in. A particular danger was thought to lie in public baths. By 1538, the French king had closed the bath houses in his kingdom. So did the king of England in 1546. Thus began a long time when the rich and the poor in Europe lived with dirt in a friendly way. Henry IV, King of France, was famously dirty. Upon learning that a nobleman had taken a bath, the king ordered that, to avoid the attack of disease, the nobleman should not go out.‎ Though the belief in the merit of dirt was long-lived, dirt has no longer been regarded as a nice neighbor ever since the 18th century. Scientifically speaking, cleaning away dirt is good to health. Clean water supply and hand washing are practical means of preventing disease. Yet, it seems that standards of cleanliness have moved beyond science since World War Ⅱ. Advertisements ‎ repeatedly sell the idea: clothes need to be whiter than white, cloths ever softer, surfaces to shine. Has the hate for dirt, however, gone too far?‎ Attitudes to dirt still differ hugely nowadays. Many first-time parents nervously try to warn their children off touching dirt, which might be responsible for the spread of disease.On the contrary, Mary Ruebush, an American immunologist(免疫学家)，encourages children to play in the dirt to build up a strong immune system. And the latter position is gaining some ground.‎ ‎64. The kings of France and England in the 16th century closed bath houses because .‎ A. they lived healthily in a dirty environment.‎ B. they thought bath houses were too dirty to stay in ‎ C. they believed disease could be spread in public baths D. they considered bathing as the cause of skin disease ‎65.Which of the following best describes Henry IV’s attitude to bathing?‎ A. Afraid. B. Curious.‎ C. Approving. D. Uninterested.‎ ‎66. How does the passage mainly develop?‎ A. By providing examples.‎ B. By making comparisons.‎ C. By following the order of time.‎ D. By following the order of importance.‎ ‎67. What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage?‎ A. To stress the role of dirt.‎ B. To introduce the history of dirt.‎ C. To call attention to the danger of dirt.‎ D. To present the change of views on dirt.‎ ‎【答案】CA CD ‎**************************************************************结束 When we learn English, we always find we have difficulties in remembering the names of the months. Therefore, if we know something about the history of the months, possibly it won’t be very harder for us to remember them. The following is one of example. January named after God Janus. He was a strange god because he has two faces. He could look in two directions. He could look forward or backward at the same time. He was the god of endings and beginnings. January is ‎ the month on which one looks forward to the new year and it’s also a period of time how people think about the past year.‎ Now can you share with us the stories about rest of the months?‎ 参考答案：‎ When we learn English, we always find we have difficulties in remembering the names of the ‎ ‎ difficulty months. Therefore, if we know something about the history of the months, possibly it won’t be very ‎ ‎ However harder for us to remember them. The following is one of example. January ∧named after God Janus. ‎ hard was He was a strange god because he has two faces. He could look in two directions. He could look ‎ ‎ had forward or backward at the same time. He was the god of endings and beginnings. January is the month ‎ ‎ and on which one looks forward to the new year and it’s also a period of time how people think about the ‎ in when past year.‎ Now can you share with us the stories about∧ rest of the months?‎ ‎ The ‎********************************************************结束 ‎（二）‎ My husband Jeff and I moved into our new home in Scottsbluff last year just before Christmas. I did not have the 1 or energy to carry out my traditional Christmas decorating and baking activities. What was the point, anyway? It was going to be a 2 Christmas after all. ‎ ‎__3__, the neighborly nature of west Nebraska residents started to trickle (陆续来临) in. ‎ There was a 4 on the door one evening. It was Jeff’s new colleague, John Smith, and his wife, Phyllis. The Smiths had stopped by to 5 us to town with a loaf of homemade bread. They pointed out a 6 on the porch (门廊). Apparently the doorbell wasn’t working in the cold snowy weather and we had ‎7 a visit from the Browns, our across-the-street neighbors, who brought us a Christmas card and more Christmas cookies. ‎ The 8 feelings brought by these thoughtful gestures lasted longer than the food.[来源:Z_xx_k.Com]‎ As Jeff and I were clearing pre-Christmas 9 from our driveway, Ernie Guzman came over from next door to 10 us to dig out. ‎ Then, we received an invitation to ‎11 a Christmas Eve meal with our neighbors, Ernie and Nancy Sommer, and their 12 — a 90-year-old lady, who also had no family in the immediate area with whom to spend the holiday. ‎ Our Christmas Eve was quite merry, thanks to our 13 . Our Christmas morning 14 was special, thanks to the Smiths’ gift of bread. I was so 15 for these gestures of welcome, especially during the holidays.‎ This year, we were again unable to be with our families for Christmas. The 16 and work schedules just made things too difficult. 17 that sense of Christmas isolation (孤立) all too well, we decided to try to round up some other folks who were ‎18 in the holidays. ‎ Lonely people are all around us, but most of us 19 notice them. Just take a look around you. Sometimes, the smallest 20 gesture can make a world of difference.‎ ‎1. A. chance B. time C. anxiety D. ability ‎2. A. merry B. free C. lonely D. usual ‎3. A. Therefore B. Meanwhile C. Somehow D. However ‎4. A. card B. sign C. knock D. note ‎5. A. welcome B. invite C. drive D. send ‎6. A. tree B. package C. mail D. flower ‎7. A. forgot B. arranged C. received D. missed ‎8. A. deep B. true C. warm D. mixed ‎9. A. snow B. rubbish C. dust D. leaves ‎10. A. teach B. help C. urge D. forbid ‎11. A. share B. prepare C. taste D. exchange ‎12. A. aunt B. guest C. maid D. partner ‎13. A. folks B. relatives C. colleagues D. neighbors ‎14. A. call B. greeting C. breakfast D. meeting ‎15. A. sorry B. eager C. ready D. grateful ‎16. A. distance B. expense C. season D. situation ‎17. A. Studying B. Showing C. Knowing D. Discovering ‎18. A. alone B. busy C. happy D. active ‎19. A. always B. seldom C. finally D. usually ‎20. A. careful B. patient C. vague D. kind ‎【解题导语】作者和她的丈夫在圣诞节前搬家到了内布拉斯加州斯科茨布拉夫(Scottsbluff)，远离自己的亲戚，本以为会孤单地度过那个圣诞节，可是友好的当地人送来了浓浓的温情，作者过了个非常温馨的圣诞节，……‎ ‎1.【解析】选B。 作者和丈夫刚刚搬家到Scottsbluff，有许多的事情要打理，故应是“没有时间和精力” 来准备圣诞节。‎ ‎【解题误区】本题易误选A。chance机会，与语境相符。‎ ‎2.【解析】选C。根据文章倒数第四段中who also had no family in the immediate area with whom to spend the holiday.以及文章最后一段第一句话可知，选项C正确。‎ ‎【解题误区】本题易误选D。usual通常的，惯常的，根据下文的讲述可知，那次圣诞节与以往不一样，故选项D不正确。‎ ‎3.【解析】选D。此处与上文构成转折关系，与本来预料的情况相反。However但是，与语境相符。‎ ‎【解题误区】选项A的意思是“因此”；选项B的意思是“在此期间”；选项C的意思是“不知怎么地”，均与语境不符。‎ ‎4.【解析】选C。根据下文Apparently the doorbell wasn’t working in the cold snowy weather可知应是“敲门”‎ ‎【解题误区】选项A的意思是“卡片”；选项B的意思是“招牌，符号”；选项D的意思是“便条”，均与语境不符。‎ ‎5.【解析】选A。作者是刚刚搬到Scottsbluff，故史密斯夫妇应是带着自家做的一条面包来表示欢迎。‎ ‎【解题误区】本题易误选B。学生可能只注意到结构“invite sb. to…”invite邀请，与语境不符 ‎6.【解析】选B。他们指着门廊的一个包裹(包裹)，与下文包裹中的东西(a Christmas card and more Christmas cookies)相呼应。‎ ‎【解题误区】本题易误选C。mail是邮件的意思，根据下文可以排除。‎ ‎7.【解析】选D。根据上文可知，作者是错过(miss)了布朗夫妇的一次拜访。‎ ‎【解题误区】本题易误选A。选项A的意思是“忘记”，从文章中看不出作者和布朗夫妇在之前有约定，故也不可能有忘记之说。‎ ‎8.【解析】选C。由这些体贴入微的表示所带来的温暖的(warm)感觉比起食物来持续得更久。‎ ‎【解题误区】本题易误选A。作者讲述的这件事的基调是温情，故deep“深厚的”不恰当。‎ ‎9.【解析】选A。作者夫妇正在清除 (住宅前的)车道上圣诞节前的积雪(snow)。‎ ‎【解题误区】本题易误选B。选项B的意思是“垃圾”，(住宅前的)车道上有垃圾不合常理。‎ ‎10.【解析】选B。隔壁的Ernie Guzman过来帮忙(help)铲雪。‎ ‎【解题误区】选项A的意思是“教”；选项C的意思是“催促”；选项D的意思是“禁止”，均与语境不符。‎ ‎11.【解析】选A。share sth. with sb.与某人分享某物。‎ ‎【解题误区】本题易误选C。文章此处表达的意思是“Ernie and Nancy Sommer邀请作者夫妇共进圣诞晚餐”而taste是品尝的意思，故选项C不正确。‎ ‎12.【解析】选B。Ernie and Nancy Sommer还邀请了另一位客人(guest)。‎ ‎【解题误区】选项A的意思是“姨；姑”；选项C的意思是“女仆”；选项D的意思是“搭档”，均与文意不符。‎ ‎13.【解析】选D。根据文章倒数第四段可知，作者夫妇应是与他们的邻居(neighbors)Ernie and Nancy Sommer以及另一位女士共进圣诞晚餐 ‎【解题误区】选项A的意思是“亲属；人们”；选项B的意思是“亲戚”；选项C的意思是“同事”，均与语境不符。‎ ‎14.【解析】选C。根据下文thanks to the Smiths’ gift of bread可知，此处表达的意思应是：圣诞早餐(breakfast)很特别。‎ ‎【解题误区】本题易误选A或B。选项A的意思是“拜访”；选项B的意思是“问候”，均与下文语义联系不紧密。[来源:Z&xx&k.Com]‎ ‎15.【解析】选D。作者对于人们的欢迎的表示心怀感激(grateful)。‎ ‎【解题误区】选项A的意思是“抱歉的”；选项B的意思是“渴望的”；选项C的意思是“准备好的”，均与语境不符。‎ ‎16.【解析】选A。今年因为距离(distance)和工作日程使得作者夫妇又不能和家人一起过圣诞节。文章倒数第四段中who also had no family in the immediate area with whom to spend the holiday.对于选择A项是一个提示。‎ ‎【解题误区】选项B的意思是“费用”；选项C的意思是“季节”；选项D的意思是“情况”，在文中难以看出与之有关的暗示。‎ ‎17.【解析】选C。……因为非常了解(know)圣诞孤立，‎ ‎【解题误区】本题易误选D。选项D的意思是“发现”，与语境不符。‎ ‎18.【解析】选A。因为非常了解(know)圣诞孤立，所以我们决定把其他的在假日中独自一人的(alone)人们聚在一起。‎ ‎【解题误区】本题易误选B。文章讲述的是在作者现在生活的这个地方孤独的人是如何在圣诞节日期间得到温情的，而选项B的意思是“繁忙的”，与语境不符。‎ ‎19. 【解析】选B。孤独的人在我们周围，但我们很少(seldom)注意到他们。句中的连接词but是解题的关键。‎ ‎【解题误区】选项A的意思是“总是”；选项C的意思是“最后”；选项D的意思是“通常”，均与语境不符。 ‎ ‎20.【解析】选D。有时一个小的善意的(kind)表示能够带来很大的不同。‎ ‎【解题误区】选项A的意思是“小心的”；选项B的意思是“耐心的”；选项C的意思是“模糊的”，均与语境不符。‎ ‎***************************************************************结束