江苏高考英语真题及解析 19页

‎2014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试江苏卷 英 语 第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）‎ 第二部分 英语知识运用（共两节，满分35分）‎ 单项填空 ‎21. Lessons can be learned to face the future, history cannot be changed.‎ A. though B. as C. since D. unless ‎【考点】考察状语从句连词辨析 ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】本题考察的是状语从句的连词辨析。Though尽管；as随着，因为；since自从，既然；unless除非，如果…不…；句意：尽管历史不能改变，但是为了面对未来我们还是要从历史中学会教训。根据句意可知上下文之间存在着转折关系，所以使用though表示让步和转折。故A正确。‎ ‎【举一反三】It was a nice meal, _______a little expensive.‎ ‎ A. though B. whether C. as D. since ‎【答案】A ‎【考点】考查连词。句意：那顿饭真美味，尽管有点贵。Though”尽管”，引导让步状语从句，该句使用了省略形式，补全为“though it was a little expensive”注意as也可以表示“尽管”，但as作此意时必须使用倒装结构。‎ ‎22. The book has helped me greatly in my daily communication, especially at work a good impression is a must.‎ A. which B. when C. as D. where ‎【考点】考察定语从句 ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】本题定语从句的先行词是work，后面的定语从句a good impression is a must的句子结构很完整，所以使用关系副词在句中做状语，同时也引导起这个定语从句。句意：在日常交流中这本书书帮助了很多，尤其是在需要有良好印象的工作之中。AC两项都是关系代词在句中不能做状语，when的先行词通常都是指时间的名词。故D正确。‎ ‎【试题延伸】where引导定语从句时，是表示地点或者抽象意义“在…方面”，本身在从句部分充当地点状语。并且有些时候一些词会很抽象的用作地点，比如，case，stage，position，state，activity,business,occasion,situation,point，work等,但也要视情况而定。‎ ‎【举一反三】It’s helpful to put children in a situation they can see themselves differently.‎ A. that B. when C. which D. where ‎ ‎〖答案〗D ‎〖考点〗考查定语从句。‎ ‎〖解析〗先行词是situation, 指物, 亦可指地点, 关系词在从句中做地点状语, 用关系副词where, 选D。把孩子放在他们能够另眼看自己的环境里是有益的。‎ ‎23.—How much do you know about the Youth Olympic Games to be held in Nanjing?‎ ‎—Well, the media _________it in a variety of forms.‎ A. cover B. will cover C. have covered D. covered ‎【考点】考察时态 ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】句意：—你对即将在南京举行的青奥会了解多少？—‎ 第19页 共19页 很好，媒体以多种形式对青奥会举行了报道。根据本句中的well，可知后者对青奥会很了解。这主要是因为媒体多种形式的报道，本句使用现在完成时体现出过去所发生的事情对现在的影响。故C正确。‎ ‎【试题延伸】动词时态是高考的热点，英语的时态多，又很复杂，现在的高考不是纯粹考时态的问题，而是把它们放在一定的语言环境里，让考生根据特定的环境来确定答案。‎ ‎【举一反三】--- Peter, do you know who____ my dictionary ?‎ ‎---Sorry , I don’t know . I didn’t do it .‎ A. has taken away B. was taking away ‎ C. had taken away D. is taking away ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：--皮特，你知道谁把我的字典拿走了吗？--对不起，我不知道，我没有拿。这里拿走发生在过去，强调对现在造成的影响，不知在什么地方，故用现在完成时。‎ ‎24. Tom always goes jogging in the morning and he usually does push-ups too to stay____.‎ A. in place B. in order C. in shape D. in fashion ‎【考点】考察介词短语辨析 ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】本题考察的是与介词in有关的短语辨析。in place有序，在适当的位置；in order井井有条；in shape健康的，状态良好的；in fashion流行的，时尚的；句意：为了保持健康，每天早晨Tom总去慢跑，也经常做引体向上。根据句意可知Tom锻炼的目的是为了保持健康。故C正确。‎ ‎25. Top graduates from universities are by major companies.‎ A. chased B. registered C. offered D. compensated ‎【考点】考察动词词义辨析 ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】本题考察的是动词词义辨析。Chase追求，追逐；register登记，注册；offer提供；compensate补偿，赔偿；句意：来自大学里的优秀毕业生收到大公司的追逐。本句表示大公司愿意接受大学的优秀毕业生。根据句意说明A正确。‎ ‎26. —What a mess! You are always so lazy!‎ ‎—I'm not to blame, mum. I am _____you have made me.‎ A. how B. what C. that D. who ‎【考点】考察名词性从句 ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】本题考察的是名词性从句中的表语从句。表语从句通常都是放在系动词be的后面，说明主语的情况。本句中的what引导起宾语从句，并在宾语从句里放在made me的后面做宾语补足语。句意：—真乱啊！你总说这么懒！—我不应该受到责备。是你让我成为这样的。That在表语从句中不能做成分，how在句中做状语。Who指人，通常都做主语。故B正确。‎ ‎【举一反三】Why not try your luck downtown, Bob? That’s the best jobs are. A.where B.what C.when D.why ‎〖答案〗A ‎〖考点〗本题考查名词性从句。‎ ‎〖解析〗句意为：为什么不到市中心商业区去碰碰运气呢, 鲍勃？那是最好的工作所在的地方。where “……的地方”, 在此引导表语从句。‎ ‎27. She was put under house arrest two years ago but remained a powerful in last year's election.‎ 第19页 共19页 A. symbol B. portrait C. identity D. statue ‎【考点】考察名词词义辨析 ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】本题考察的是名词的词义辨析。A象征；标志；符号；记号；代表人物；B肖像；identity身份；statue雕像，塑像；句意：虽然两年前就已遭软禁，她在去年的选举中仍然是势力强大的代表人物。故A正确。‎ ‎【举一反三】The speech from the new government is a _______ that major changes are on the way.‎ A. warning B. symbol C. goal D. signal ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：来自于新政府的讲话是一个信号，那就是主要的改革正在进行。Warning警告；symbol 符号；goal目标；signal信号，选D。‎ ‎28. The idea "happiness," , will not sit still for easy definition.‎ A. to be rigid B. to be sure C. to be perfect D. to be fair ‎【考点】考察形容词词义辨析。‎ ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】本题考察的是形容词词义辨析。Rigid僵硬的，死板的；sure确信的，肯定的，有把握的；perfect完美一的；fair公平的；句意：“幸福，“可以肯定的是，不是个静态简单的定义。根据句意说明B项符合上下文串联。‎ ‎29. His lecture____, a lively question-and-answer session followed.‎ A. being given B. having given C. to be given D. having been given ‎【考点】考察非谓语动词用法 ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】本题较难，a lively question-and-answer session followed是一个完整的句子，本题的两部分之间缺少连词，所以逗号前面的不能是句子，只能是一个独立主格结构。名词his lecture与动词give之间构成被动关系，所以使用过去分词表示被动，排除B项。A项表示正在进行，C项不定式表示将要进行。都符合语义，D项having been done在做状语的时候相当于done。本句的独立主格结构His lecture having been given相当于After his lecture had been given。句意：他的演讲结束后，将是一个现场问答部分。故D正确。‎ ‎【举一反三】Bats are surprsingly long-lived creatures, some a life span of around 20 years.‎ A.having B had C. have D. to have ‎【答案】A ‎【考点】考查独立主格结构。‎ ‎【解析】句意为“令人惊讶的是，蝙蝠是长寿的动物，有些能活20年左右。”had和have是谓语动词形式，题中没有连词，无法并存两个句子。to have表将来；having表伴随，因此，选A。‎ ‎30.—Dad, I don't think Oliver the right sort of person for the job.‎ ‎—I see. I'll go right away and .‎ A. pay him back B. pay him off C. put him away D. put him off ‎【考点】考察动词短语辨析 ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】本题考察的是动词pay及put的短语辨析。Pay back偿还；报复；报答；偿付；pay off 第19页 共19页 付清；（付清工资后）解雇；（努力）得到回报；put away收拾，整理，放在一边，不管不顾；put off推迟；句意：—爸爸，我认为Oliver并不是这份工作的合适人选。—我明白的，我马上就去付清他的工资，解雇他。根据句意本句中的pay off表示（付清工资后）解雇。故B正确。‎ ‎【举一反三】28. The athlete's years of hard training when she finally won the Olympic gold medal.‎ ‎ A. went on B. got through C. paid off D. ended up ‎ ‎【答案】C ‎【考点】考点本题考查动词词组。‎ ‎【解析】pay off 有很多含义：1 付清某人的工资并解雇他 偿清欠款等等 2. 对某人或某事进行报复 3.使人得益，有报偿 4.贿赂 ‎ ‎31. It was sad to me that they, so poor themselves, bring me food.‎ A. might B. would C. should D. could ‎【考点】考察情态动词词义辨析 ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】本题考察的是情态动词的特殊意义。Might也许；would会，过去常常做某事；should应该，竟然；could能够；句意：让我难过的是，如此贫穷的他们竟然给我带来了食物。根据句意可知本句中的should表示“竟然”。故C正确。‎ ‎【试题延伸】在平时的学习中既要注意情态动词的基本含义，也要注意情态动词的特殊意义，如must偏偏，非得；should竟然；mustn’t禁止，千万不能；等等。情态动词Shall用于所有人称，表示命令，警告，允诺；以及法律规定中要做的事情。‎ ‎【举一反三】—It’s hard to believe that Jack ________ have fought with the policeman.‎ ‎ —Yes. If one ________ ask for trouble, it can’t be helped.‎ A. would; will B. must; may C. should; must D. need; dare ‎【答案解析】C考查情态动词。句意：——难以置信，杰克竟然与警察打了一架。——是的。如果一个人非要找麻烦，实在没法子。句中should表示“竟然”，must表示“硬要，非要”。‎ ‎32. I can't meet you on Sunday. I'll be occupied.‎ A. also B. just C. nevertheless D. otherwise ‎【考点】考察副词词义辨析 ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】本题考察的是副词词义辨析。Also也；just只不过，仅仅；nevertheless 然而，不过；otherwise要不然；另外；句意：星期天我不能去接你了，另外我还会很忙。根据句意可知本句中的otherwise表示另外，另外方面。故D正确。‎ ‎【举一反三】Student loan is supposed to provide financial support for people who would ________ not be able to go to college.‎ A. otherwise       B. meanwhile           C. therefore              D. nevertheless ‎【答案】A 试题分析：考查副词。therefore“因此”；meanwhile“同时”；otherwise“否则”；nevertheless“仍然，尽管，不过如此”。句意：助学贷款应当提供经济资助给上不起大学的那些人。故A正确。‎ ‎33. Legend has it that the origin of the Dragon Boat Festival is to the soul of Qu Yuan.‎ A. remember B. remind C. recover D. recall ‎【考点】考察动词词义辨析 ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】本题考察的是以字母r开始的动词词义辨析。Remember记得；remind提醒，使…想起…；recover康复；recall回忆；句意：相传端午节是为了让我们想起屈原的精神。B 第19页 共19页 项应该使用remind sb of sth使某人想起某事。根据句意说明D正确。‎ ‎34. Good families are much to all their members, but to none.‎ A. something B. anything C. everything D. nothing ‎【考点】考察代词词义辨析 ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】本题考察的是代词词义辨析。Something某些事情，重要人物；anything任何事情，一些事情；everything一切；nothing没有东西；没有事情；无关紧要的东西；句意：优秀的家庭对她的成员们来说意味着许多，但并不是一切。根据句意可知本句使用everything一切符合上下文含义。故C正确。‎ ‎【举一反三】Try to be independent, for your parents can't do __________for you all your life.‎ A. something B. nothing C. everything D. anything ‎【答案】C 试题分析：A一些事情；B没有事情；C所有事情。D任何事情；本句中的everything与not连用，表示部分否定。Not与both, every, each等连用时，表示部分否定。D项的anything与not连用表示全部否定。句义：努力地要独立，因为你的父母亲不可能为你做所有的事情。故C正确。‎ ‎35.— ! Somebody has left the lab door open.‎ ‎—Don't look at me.‎ A. Dear me B. Hi, there C. Thank goodness D. Come on ‎【考点】考察交际用语 ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】本题考察的是交际用语。Dear me天哪！（表示惊讶）Hi，there嗨，你好；Thank goodness谢天谢地；Come on加油；得了吧！句意：—天哪！有人让实验室的门开着。—不要看着我！不是我干的。根据句意可知前者对于实验室的门还开着很惊讶。故选择A项。‎ 第二节 完形填空（共20小题，每小题1分，满分20分）‎ Dale Carnegie rose from the unknown of a Missouri farm to international fame because he found a way to fill a universal human need.‎ It was a need that he first 36 back in 1906 when young Dale was a junior at State Teachers College in Warrensburg. To get an 37 he was struggling against many difficulties. His family was poor. His Dad couldn't afford the 38 at college, so Dale had to ride horseback 12 miles to attend classes. Study had to be done 39 his farm-work routines. He withdrew from many school activities 40 he didn't have the time or the 41 .He had only one good suit. He tried 42 the football team, but the coach turned him down for being too 43 During this period Dale was slowly 44 an inferiority complex (自卑感), which his mother knew could 45 him from achieving his real potential. She 46 that Dale join the debating team, believing that 47 in speaking could give him the confidence and recognition that he needed.‎ Dale took his mother's advice, tried desperately and after several attempts 48 made it. This proved to be a 49 point in his life. Speaking before groups did help him gain the 50 he needed. By the time Dale was a senior, he had won every top honor in 51 .Now other students were coming to him for coaching and they, 52 , were winning contests.‎ Out of this early struggle to 53 his feelings of inferiority. Dale came to understand that the ability to 54 an idea to an audience builds a person's confidence. And, 55 it. Dale knew he could do anything he wanted to do—and so could others.‎ ‎36. A. admitted B. filled C. supplied D. recognized 第19页 共19页 ‎37. A. assignment B. education C. advantage D. instruction ‎38. A. training B. board C. teaching D. equipment ‎39. A. between B. during C. over D. through ‎40. A. while B. when C. because D. though ‎41. A. permits B. interest C. talent D. clothes ‎42.A. on B. for C. in D. with ‎43. A. light B. flexible C. optimistic D. outgoing ‎44. A. gaining B. achieving C. developing D. obtaining ‎45. A. prevent B. protect C. save D. free ‎ ‎51. A. horse-riding B. football C. speech D. farming ‎52. A. in return B. in brief C. in turn D. in fact ‎53.A. convey B. overcome C. understand D. build ‎54. A. express B. stress C. contribute D. repeat ‎55. A. besides B. beyond C. like D. with ‎46. A. suggested B. demanded C. required D. insisted ‎47. A. presence B. practice C. patience D. potential ‎48. A. hopefully B. certainly C. finally D. naturally ‎49. A. key B. breaking C. basic D. turning ‎50. A. progress B. experience C. competence D. confidence ‎【考点】考察人生哲理类完型填空 ‎【文章大意】人生中最重要的是要拥有自己。有了自信，我们就可以做到我们想做的任何事情。本文以大师戴尔·卡耐基的成功故事告诉我们信心的重要性。‎ ‎36.【答案】D ‎ ‎【试题解析】考察动词词义辨析。A承认；B填充，装满；C提供；D认识到；认出；戴尔·卡耐基从密苏里的一个默默无闻的农场里走出来成为一名国际大师，是因为他找到一个方法来满足人们共同的需要。这个需要是1906年他在State Teachers College学习的时候意识到的。本句是一个强调句型,强调的是recognize的宾语need。‎ ‎37. 【答案】B ‎ ‎【试题解析】考察名词词义辨析及上下文串联。A任务；工作；B教育；C优势；D指导；为了得到教育，戴尔·卡耐基与很多困难在做斗争。根据下文叙述可知他为了求得教育，他克服了很多困难。‎ ‎38. 【答案】B ‎ ‎【试题解析】考察名词辨析及语境理解。A培训；B寄宿膳食；C教育；D设备；他的父亲没有钱付他的大学寄宿膳食的钱，他不得不骑马12英里去上学。‎ ‎39. 【答案】A ‎ ‎【试题解析】考察介词辨析。A在…之间；B在…期间；C超过；越过；C通过；他的很多学习都是在农场到学校途中进行的，因为他在上学的路上要花很多时间。‎ ‎40. 【答案】C ‎ ‎【试题解析】考察连词辨析及上下文串联。A当…时；然而，尽管；B当…时；C因为；D尽管；因为他没有时间也没有衣服，所以他没有参加各种学校的活动。上下文之间存在着因果关系，所以使用because。‎ ‎41. 【答案】D ‎ ‎【试题解析】考察名词辨析及上下文串联。A允许，许可证；B兴趣；C才干；D服装；因为他没有时间也没有衣服，所以他没有参加各种学校的活动。ABC三项与句意不相符。‎ 第19页 共19页 ‎42. 【答案】B ‎ ‎【试题解析】考察固定搭配。Try on试穿；try for申请；他申请参加足球队，但是教练拒绝了他，说他太体重太轻了。‎ ‎43. 【答案】A ‎ ‎【试题解析】考察形容词辨析。A轻的；淡的；B灵活的；C乐观的；D外向的；BCD三项和教练拒绝队员没有联系，如果队员过于瘦弱，不适合足球这项剧烈运动，教练的拒绝是有理由的。‎ ‎44. 【答案】C ‎ ‎【试题解析】考察动词词义辨析。A赢得；B实现；C形成，发展；D获得；在这段时间里，卡耐基慢蛮难第形成了一种自卑感。通常都使用develop表示养成，形成一种性格。故C正确。‎ ‎45. 【答案】A ‎ ‎【试题解析】考察动词词义辨析及语境理解。A阻止；B保护；C挽救；D使…免受；他妈妈知道这种自卑感会阻止他发展自身的潜力。本句中的prevent sb from doing sth阻止某人做某事，这个结构符合上下文含义。‎ ‎46. 【答案】A ‎ ‎【试题解析】考察动词词义辨析及语法。A建议；B要求；C请求；D坚持要求，坚持认为；他的妈妈建议他参加辩论队，认为辩论队里的演讲的练习会给与他所需要的认可和信心。根据句意说明A项正确，而且在join前面省略了should，这是一个虚拟语气。‎ ‎47. 【答案】B ‎ ‎【试题解析】考察名词词义辨析及上下文串联。A出席；B练习；C耐心；D潜力；；他的妈妈建议他参加辩论队，认为辩论队里的演讲的练习会给与他所需要的认可和信心。故B正确。‎ ‎48. 【答案】C ‎ ‎【试题解析】考察副词词义辨析及上下文串联。A有希望地；B当然；C最后；D自然地；卡耐基采纳了妈妈的建议，多次努力以后，最后终于成功了。根据after several attempts可知C项正确。‎ ‎49. 【答案】D ‎ ‎【试题解析】考察词义辨析。A关键的；B破坏的；C基本的；D转折的；turning point转折点。这件事情证明是他人生的转折点。从此他走了上成功之路。‎ ‎50. 【答案】D ‎ ‎【试题解析】考察名词词义辨析及上下文串联。A进步；B经历，经验；C能力，技能；D自信；在很多人面前发表演讲帮助他得到了他所需要的信心。之前他曾经一度很自卑，现在演讲让他重新获得自信。‎ ‎51. 【答案】C ‎ ‎【试题解析】考察上下文串联。A骑马；B足球；C演讲；D农艺；到他大四的时候，他赢得了演讲方面所有的最高荣誉。有很多学生都来向他寻求指导，接着在他的指导之下，他们也相继赢得了比赛。‎ ‎52. 【答案】C ‎ ‎【试题解析】考察介词短语辨析及上下文串联。A作为回报；B简洁地；C依次，轮流；D实际上；有很多学生都来向他寻求指导，接着在他的指导之下，他们也相继赢得了比赛。In turn表示那些学生也相继成功了。‎ ‎53. 【答案】B ‎ ‎【试题解析】考察动词词义辨析及上下文串联。A传达；B克服；C理解；D建设；在之前克服自卑的斗争中，卡耐基逐渐理解向听众表达观点能够增强一个人的信心。‎ ‎54. 【答案】A ‎ 第19页 共19页 ‎【试题解析】考察动词词义辨析及语境理解。A表达；B使承受；C贡献，导致；D重复；卡耐基逐渐理解向听众表达观点能够增强一个人的信心。故A正确。‎ ‎55. 【答案】D ‎ ‎【试题解析】考察介词辨析。With it中的it是指耐心，有了耐心，他可以做他想做的一切。‎ ‎【长难句解析】‎ ‎1.It was a need that he first recognized back in 1906 when young Dale was a junior at State Teachers College in Warrensburg.‎ ‎【翻译】在1906年他在StateTeachers College学习的时候意识到这个人们存在着这个需要的。‎ ‎【分析】本句中有一个强调句型，强调的是动词recognize的宾语a need。句中的when引导的是一个时间状语从句when young Dale was a junior at State Teachers College in Warrensburg.‎ ‎2. Speaking before groups did help him gain the confidence he needed.‎ ‎【翻译】在一群人前面演讲的确能让他赢得他需要的信心。‎ ‎【分析】本句中有三点需要注意，首先Speaking before groups这个动名词短语在句中充当主语；另外句中的did help使用了“did+动词原形”是对过去发生的事情的强调；最后本句中含有一个定语从句he needed修饰先行词the confidence。‎ 第三部分 阅读理解(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)‎ 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项。并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑．‎ A Never before had a kitchen so much of a History It tells of Freedom, Success, and of the Architecture of big American cities. Because that is where it started: in the second half of the 19th century!‎ Welcome to a new Era of Kitchen Interior Design ‎ Back then, a Generation of successful American Entrepreneurs dreamt of a new style of Architecture to express their personal wealth. This dream was realized by young architects such as Daniel Burnham and Stanford White.‎ They all had studied at the Ecole des Beaux-Arts in Paris. And they created a new style for Architecture and Interior Design, named after the famous French Art Institute: Beaux Arts.‎ SieMatic BcauxArts Breaks and Creates In fact it was not a new style at all, but a composition of styles from different periods and cultures. Many world-famous structures such as the Chicago Art Institute and the Statue of Liberty account for it. But what does that have to do with your kitchen? Just as much as you want it to. Because in the same way that the anti-conventional architects back then took the freedom to combine elements from different historical eras, today, you too can break the conventional rules of style and create something new: your own personal composition of your kitchen. For that, SieMatic BeauxArts offers unique opportunities: A broad range of seemingly conflicting features that you combine to a harmonious 第19页 共19页 ‎ design of your own. You can choose from menu of various forms, appealing colors, and precious materials, to create an environment that is much more than just a kitchen: a reflection of your personality.‎ ‎56. Why did the BeauxArts style attract American entrepreneurs?‎ A. It helped display their money status. ‎ B. It was created by famous architects.‎ C. It was named after a famous institute. ‎ D. It represented the 19th century urban culture.‎ ‎57. What is unique of SieMatic BeauxArts?‎ A. Its designs are anti-conventional.‎ B. Its designs come from famous structures.‎ C. Its customers can enjoy their own composition.‎ D. Its customers can choose from various new styles.‎ ‎【考点】考察社会生活类阅读 ‎56. 【答案】A ‎ 【试题解析】推理题。根据Back then, a Generation of successful American Entrepreneurs dreamt of a new style of Architecture to express their personal wealth可知这种风格能够表现他们的私人财富，也就是说能够显示他们有钱。故A正确。‎ ‎57. 【答案】C ‎ 【试题解析】推理题。根据you too can break the conventional rules of style and create something new: your own personal composition of your kitchen. For that, SieMatic BeauxArts offers unique opportunities: A broad range of seemingly conflicting features that you combine to a harmonious design of your own.可知SieMatic BeauxArts让顾客有机会显示自己的构思。故C正确。‎ B However wealthy we may be, we can never find enough hours in the day to do everything we want. Economics deals with this problem through the concept of opportunity cost, which simply refers to whether someone's time or money could be better spent on something else.‎ Every hour of our time has a value. For every hour we work at one job we could quite easily be doing another, or be sleeping or watching a film. Each of these options has a different opportunity cost—namely, what they cost us in missed opportunities.‎ Say you intend to watch a football match but the tickets are expensive and it will take you a couple of hours to get to and from the stadium. Why not, you might reason, watch the game from home and use the leftover money and time to have dinner with friends? This—the alternative use of your cash and time—is the opportunity cost.‎ For economists, every decision is made by knowledge of what one must forgo—in terms of money and enjoyment—in order to take it up. By knowing precisely what you are receiving and what you are missing out on, you ought to be able to make better-informed, more reasonable decisions. Consider that most famous economic rule of all: there's no such thing as a free lunch. Even if someone offers to take you out to lunch for free, the time you will spend in the restaurant still costs you something in terms of forgone opportunities.‎ Some people find the idea of opportunity cost extremely discouraging: imagine spending your entire life calculating whether your time would be better spent elsewhere doing something more 第19页 共19页 ‎ profitable or enjoyable. Yet, in a sense it's human nature to do precisely that—we assess the advantages and disadvantages of decisions all the time.‎ In the business world, a popular phrase is "value for money." People want their cash to go as far as possible. However, another is fast obtaining an advantage: "value for time." The biggest restriction on our resources is the number of hours we can devote to something, so we look to maximize the return we get on our investment of time. By readmg this passage you are giving over a bit of your time which could be spent doing other activities, such as sleeping and eating. In return, however, this passage will help you to think like an economist, closely considering the opportunity cost of each of your decisions.‎ ‎58. According to the passage, the concept of "opportunity cost" is applied to .‎ A. making more money B. taking more opportunities C. reducing missed opportunities D. weighing the choice of opportunities ‎59. Hie "leftover ... time" in Paragraph 3 probably refers to the time .‎ A. spared for watching the match at home ‎ B. taken to have dinner with friends C. spent on the way to and from the match D. saved from not going to watch the match ‎60. What are forgone opportunities?‎ A. Opportunities you forget in decision-making. ‎ B. Opportunities you give up for better ones.‎ C. Opportunities you miss accidentally. ‎ D. Opportunities you make up for.‎ ‎【考点】考察经济知识类阅读 ‎58. 【答案】D ‎ ‎【试题解析】推理题。根据文章第一段2，3行Economics deals with this problem through the concept of opportunity cost, which simply refers to whether someone's time or money could be better spent on something else.可知opportunity cost是指人们思考自己的时间金钱是否可以更好地被利用在其他的事情上。也就是在衡量自己的选择是否合理。故D项符合。‎ ‎59. 【答案】C ‎ ‎【试题解析】推理题。根据文章第三段Why not, you might reason, watch the game from home and use the leftover money and time to have dinner with friends?人们本来是想去看球赛，但是球赛的票太贵了。所以就把本来准备看球赛的金钱和时间用在了别的地方，那么这里的leftover money and time就是指看球赛来回所花费的时间。故C正确。‎ ‎60. 【答案】B ‎ ‎【试题解析】推理题。根据文章第三段Even if someone offers to take you out to lunch for free, the time you will spend in the restaurant still costs you something in terms of forgone opportunities.即使有人带你去享受免费的午餐，在这种情况下，你吃饭的时间还是会让你失去某些东西。这是从forgone opportunities的角度来说的，也就是说你还可以用这段时间做更有价值，更有意义的事情，但是你却把他用来享用这段免费的午餐。所以forgone opportunities就是指放弃的机会。故B正确。‎ C Most damagingly, anger weakens a person's ability to think clearly and keep control over his behaviour. The angry person loses objectivity in evaluating the emotional significance of the person 第19页 共19页 ‎ or situation that arouses his anger.‎ Not everyone experiences anger in the same way; what angers one person may amuse another.The specific expression of anger also differs from person to person based on biological and cultaral forces. In contemporary culture, physical expressions of anger are generally considered too socially harmful to be tolerated. We no longer regard duels(决斗) as an appropriate expression of anger resulting from one person's awareness of insulting behaviour on the part of another.‎ Anger can be identified in the brain, where the electrical activity changes. Under most conditions EEG (脑电图) measures of electrical activity show balanced activity between the right and left prefrontal (额叶前部) areas. Behaviourally this corresponds to the general even-handed disposition （意向）that most of us possess most of the time. But when we are angry the EEG of the right and left prefrontal areas aren't balanced and. as a result of this, we're likely to react. And our behavioural response to anger is different from our response to other emotions, whether positive or negative.‎ Most positive emotions are associated with approach behaviour: we move closer to people we like. Most negative emotions, in contrast, are associated with avoidance behaviour: we move away from people and things that we dislike or that make us anxious. But anger is an exception to this pattern. The angrier we are. the more likely we are to move towards the object of our anger. This corresponds to what psychologists refer to as offensive anger: the angry person moves closer in order to influence and control the person or situation causing his anger. This approach-and-confront behaviour is accompanied by a leftward prefrontal asymmetry (不对称 ) of EEG activity. Interestingly, this asymmetry lessens if the angry person can experience empathy (同感) towards the individual who is bringing forth the angry response. In defensive anger, in contrast, the EEG asymmetry is directed to the right and the angry person feels helpless in the face of the anger-inspiring sitaation.‎ ‎61. The "duels" example in Paragraph 2 proves that the expression of anger .‎ A. usually has a biological basis B. varies among people C. is socially and culturally shaped D. influences one's thinking and evaluation ‎62. What changes can be found in an angry brain?‎ A. Balanced electrical activity can be spotted.‎ B. Unbalanced patterns are found in prefrontal areas.‎ C. Electrical activity corresponds to one's behaviour.‎ D. Electrical activity agrees with one's disposition.‎ ‎63. Which of the following is typical of offensive anger?‎ A. Approaching the source of anger. B. Trying to control what is disliked.‎ C. Moving away from what is disliked. D. Feeling helpless in the face of anger.‎ ‎64. What is the key message of the last paragraph?‎ A. How anger differs from other emotions. B. How anger relates to other emotions.‎ C. Behavioural responses to anger. D. Behavioural patterns of anger.‎ ‎【考点】考察科普知识类阅读 ‎【文章大意】本文介绍了一些与愤怒有关的表现以及医学原理和人们生气的时候表现出的行为模式。‎ ‎61. 【答案】C ‎ 推理题。根据文章第二段In contemporary culture, physical expressions of anger are generally considered too socially harmful to be tolerated.‎ 第19页 共19页 在当代社会里，愤怒的肢体表现被认为是对社会有伤害而不能被容忍。但是在古代却又着决斗这样的行为，说明愤怒的表现形式是由不同的社会和文化形成的。故C正确。‎ ‎62. 【答案】B ‎ 细节题。根据第三段3,4行But when we are angry the EEG of the right and left prefrontal areas aren't balanced可知当我们生气的时候，脑电图在额叶前部会出现不平衡的现象。故B正确。‎ ‎63. 【答案】A ‎ 细节题。根据文章第四段3,4,5行The angrier we are. the more likely we are to move towards the object of our anger. This corresponds to what psychologists refer to as offensive anger: the angry person moves closer in order to influence and control the person or situation causing his anger. 可知当我们生气的时候，我们很可能靠近让我们生气的对象。这是典型的offensive anger的表现。故A正确。‎ ‎64. 【答案】D ‎ 段落大意题。根据本段1,2行Most positive emotions are associated with approach behaviour 及Most negative emotions, in contrast, are associated with avoidance behaviour中的approach behaviour和avoidance behaviour可知本段讲述的是愤怒的时候，人们表现出的行为模式。故D正确。‎ D August 1990，Boston Dear Maya Shao-ming,‎ To me, June 6,1990 is a special day. My long-awaited dream came true the minute your father cried, "A girl!" You are more than just a second child, more than just a girl to match our boy. You, little daughter, are the link to our female line, the legacy of another woman's pain and sacrifice 31 years ago.‎ Let me tell you about your Chinese grandmother. Somewhere in Hong Kong, in the late fifties, a young waitress found herself pregnant (怀孕) by a cook, probably a co-worker at her restaurant. She carried the baby to term, suffered to give it birth, and kept the little girl for the first three months of her life. I like to think that my mother—your randmother—loved me and fought to raise me on her own, but that the daily struggle was too hard. Worn down by the demands of the new baby and perhaps the constant threat of starvation, she made the painful decision to give away her girl so that both of us might have a chance for a better life.‎ More likely, I was dropped at the orphanage (M JLR) steps or somewhere else. I will probably never know the truth. Having a baby in her unmarried state would have brought shame on the family in China, so she probably kept my existence a secret. Once I was out of her life, it was as if I had never been born. And so you and your brother and I are the missing leaves on a family tree.‎ Do they ever wonder if we exist?‎ Before I was two, I was adopted by an Anglo couple. Fed three square meals a day, I grew like a wild weed and grasped all the opportunities they had to offer—books, music, education, church life and community activities. In a family of blue-eyed blonds, though, I stood out like a sore thumb. Whether from jealousy or fear of someone who looked so different, my older brothers sometimes teased me about my unpleasing skin, or made fun of my clumsy walk. Moody and impatient, burdened by fears that none of us realized resulted from my early years of need, I was not an easy child to love. My mother and I conflicted countless times over the years, but gradually came to see one another as real human beings with faults and talents, and as women of strength in our own 第19页 共19页 ‎ right. Lacking a mirror image in the mother who raised me, I had to seek my identity as a woman on my own. The Asian American community has helped me regain my double identity.‎ But part of me will always be missing: my beginnings, my personal history, all the delicate details that give a person her origin. Nevertheless, someone gave me a lucky name "Siu Wai." "Siu" means "little," and "War means "clever." Therefore, my baby name was "Clever little one." Who chose those words? Who cared enough to note my arrival in the world?‎ I lost my Chinese name for 18 years. It was Americanized for convenience to "Sue." But like an ill-fitting coat, it made me uncomfortable. I hated the name. But even more, I hated being Chinese. It took many years to become proud of my Asian origin and work up the courage to take back my birth-name. That, plus a little knowledge of classroom Cantonese, is all the Chinese culture I have to offer you. Not white, certainly, but not really Asian, I try to pave the way between the two worlds and bridge the gap for you. Your name, "Shao-ming," is very much like mine—"Shao" means "little." And "ming" is "bright," as in a shining sun or moon. Whose lives will you brighten, little Maya? Your past is more complete than mine, and each day I cradle you in your babyhood, generously giving you the loving care I lacked for my first two years. When I pat you, I comfort the lost baby inside me who still cries for her mother.‎ Sweet Maya, it doesn't matter what you "become" later on. You have already fulfilled my wildest dreams.‎ I love you,‎ Mommy ‎65. Why is June 6. 1990 a special day for Mommy?‎ A. Her dream of being a mother came true.‎ B. She found her origin from her Chinese mother.‎ C. She wrote the letter to her daughter.‎ D. Her female line was well linked.‎ ‎66. How does Mommy feel about her being given away?‎ A. It is bitter and disappointing.‎ B. It is painful but understandable.‎ C. She feels sorry but sympathetic.‎ D. She feels hurt and angry.‎ ‎67. What does "I stood out like a sore thumb" in Paragraph 5 mean?‎ A. I walked clumsily out of pains.‎ B. I was not easy to love due to jealousy.‎ C. I was impatient out of fear.‎ D. I looked different from others.‎ ‎68. What can be inferred from Mommy's Anglo family life?‎ A. She used to experience an identity crisis.‎ B. She fought against her American identity.‎ C. She forgot the pains of her early years.‎ D. She kept her love for Asia from childhood.‎ ‎69. Why did Mommy name her daughter "Shao-ming?"‎ A. To match her own birth-name.‎ B. To brighten the lives of the family.‎ C. To identify her with Chinese origin.‎ 第19页 共19页 D. To justify her pride in Chinese cultare.‎ ‎70. By "Your past is more complete than mine," Mommy means .‎ A. her past was completed earlier than Shao-ming's B. Shao-ming has got motherly care and a sense of roots C. her mother didn't comfort her the way she did Shao-ming D. her past was spent brokenly, first in Asia, then in the US ‎【考点】考察社会生活类阅读 ‎【文章大意】本文是一位从小就被母亲送走的母亲写给女儿的一封情真意切的信，信里充满了对女儿的爱以及对自己之前的生活的回想，对自己的母亲的怀念之情。‎ ‎65. 【答案】D ‎ ‎【试题解析】细节题。根据第一段2,3行You are more than just a second child, more than just a girl to match our boy. You, little daughter, are the link to our female line可知这一天她的女儿出生了。更重要的是家族里的女性传承得以延续。故D正确。‎ ‎66. 【答案】B ‎ ‎【试题解析】推理题。根据第二段最后3行Worn down by the demands of the new baby and perhaps the constant threat of starvation, she made the painful decision to give away her girl so that both of us might have a chance for a better life.可知她的母亲把她送走也是万般无奈，要不然两个人没有好的生活。所以她对母亲的选择是可以接受和理解的，但是同时被母亲送走的确是一件很痛苦的事情。故B正确。‎ ‎67. 【答案】D ‎ ‎【试题解析】推理题。根据本句In a family of blue-eyed blonds, though, I stood out like a sore thumb.家里都是蓝眼睛的白种人，而我是一个黄皮肤黑头发的中国人。Though后面这句话说明我和他们是不一样的。故D正确。‎ ‎68. 【答案】A ‎ ‎【试题解析】推理题。根据第四段4，5行Whether from jealousy or fear of someone who looked so different, my older brothers sometimes teased me about my unpleasing skin, or made fun of my clumsy walk.可知在这个家庭里不知道是处于嫉妒还是恐惧我的哥哥们有时会嘲笑我。再根据My mother and I conflicted countless times over the years, but gradually came to see one another as real human beings with faults and talents, and as women of strength in our own right可知我和妈妈经常发生冲突。这些事情让我感觉自己的生活没有安全感，总是很惶恐，缺乏安全感。进而产生了身份危机。故A正确。‎ ‎69. 【答案】C ‎ ‎【试题解析】推理题。根据文章倒数第二段That, plus a little knowledge of classroom Cantonese, is all the Chinese culture I have to offer you. Not white, certainly, but not really Asian, I try to pave the way between the two worlds and bridge the gap for you. Your name, "Shao-ming," is very much like mine—"Shao" means "little." And "ming" is "bright"可知母亲想给女儿添加一些中国文化的元素，所以女儿的名字为Shao ming，让女儿知道自己的祖先有中国血统。故C正确。‎ ‎70. 【答案】B ‎ ‎【试题解析】推理题。根据下一句and each day I cradle you in your babyhood, generously giving you the loving care I lacked for my first two years.得知母亲一直在照顾着女儿，这和母亲自己的经历是不同的。母亲很小就被送走了，没有享受到母爱。所以该句是指B项含义。‎ 第四部分 任务型阅读（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）‎ The expression, "everybody's doing it," is very much at the center of the concept of peer pressure.‎ 第19页 共19页 ‎ It is a strong influence of a group, especially of children, on members of that group to behave as everybody else does. It can be positive or negative. Most people experience it in some way during their lives.‎ People are social creatures by nature, and so it is hardly surprising that part of their self-respect comes from the approval of others. This instinct is why the approval of peers, or the fear of disapproval, is such a powerful force in many people's lives. It is the same instinct that drives people to dress one way at home and another way at work, or to answer "fine" when a stranger asks "how are you?" even if it is not necessarily true. There is a practical aspect to this: it helps society to function efficiently, and encourages a general level of self-discipline that simplifies day-to-day interaction.‎ For certain individuals, seeking social acceptance is so important that it becomes like an addiction: in order to satisfy the desire, they may go so far as to abandon their sense of right and wrong. Teens and young adults may feel forced to use drugs, or join gangs that encourage criminal behavior. Mature adults may sometimes feel pressured to cover up illegal activity at the company where they work, or end up in debt because they are unable to hold back the desire to buy a house or car that they can't afford in an effort to "keep up with the Joneses."‎ However, peer pressure is not always negative. A student whose friends are good at academics may be urged to study harder and get good grades. Players on a sports team may feel driven to play harder in order to help the team win. This type of influence can also get a friend off drugs, or to help an adult take up a good habit or drop a bad one. Study groups and class projects are examples of positive peer groups that encourage people to better themselves.‎ Schools try to teach kids about the dangers of negative peer pressure. They teach kids to stand up and be themselves, and encourage them to politely decline to do things that they believe are wrong. Similarly, it can be help fill to encourage children to greet the beneficial influence of positive peer groups.‎ 第19页 共19页 What is peer pressure Concept of peer pressure A (73) ___‎ Function of peer pressure to society ‎ Being social creatures, people expect the approval from their fellow members.‎ People around will affect how one lives (74) _____ .‎ Influences of peer pressure on (75)______‎ The desire to be socially accepted by one's peers is like a drug.‎ Negative influences include lack of (76)_____sense, criminal offences, and over-consumption.‎ Positive influences arc good grades, team (77) ____and the building-up of good (78) _____etc.‎ To avoid the danger of negative peer pressure, kids should learn to be (79) ____ when necessary, and say (80) ______ to anything that is wrong or illegal.‎ Peer pressure refers to the strong (71)____ that you must do things the way other people of your age do.‎ Peer pressure helps society function efficiently.‎ It works in nearly everyone of us,and (72)___us in one way or another, good or bad.‎ ‎71. 【答案】feeling ‎ ‎【试题解析】 推理题。根据文章第一段2,3行It is a strong influence of a group, especially of children, on members of that group to behave as everybody else does. Peer pressure（同龄人压力）是指同龄人的行为会影响到同一群里另外的年轻人会有相似的行为。也就是说Peer pressure会让我们有一种强烈的感觉要做和同龄人一样的事情，所以feeling正确。‎ ‎72. 【答案】influences ‎ ‎【试题解析】推理题。根据第一段2,3行It is a strong influence of a group, especially of children, on members of that group to behave as everybody else does. It can be positive or negative.可知Peer pressure对每个人都会有一些，这种影响可能是积极的，也可能是消极的。本句中的influences与前面的works是并列结构。‎ ‎73. 【答案】practical ‎ ‎【试题解析】归纳总结题。根据文章第二段第五行There is a practical aspect to this可知peer pressure会产生很多现实的影响，这些影响都是实际存在的。‎ ‎74. 【答案】unconsciously ‎ 第19页 共19页 ‎【试题解析】推理题。根据文章第三段3,4,5行Teens and young adults may feel forced to use drugs, or join gangs that encourage criminal behavior. Mature adults may sometimes feel pressured to cover up illegal activity at the company where they work可知不管是年轻人还是成年人都在不知不觉中收到同龄人的影响。故使用unconsciously表示无意识地。‎ ‎75. 【答案】individuals ‎ ‎【试题解析】原词再现。根据第三段第一行For certain individuals可知同龄人的压力对个体会产生很大的影响。‎ ‎76. 【答案】moral ‎ ‎【试题解析】推理题。根据文章第三段2,3,4行in order to satisfy the desire, they may go so far as to abandon their sense of right and wrong. Teens and young adults may feel forced to use drugs, or join gangs that encourage criminal behavior.可知同龄人的压力会让人丧失道德准则，不辨是非，甚至违法犯罪。本句中的moral指道德的。‎ ‎77. 【答案】spirit ‎ ‎【试题解析】推理题。根据第四段2,3行Players on a sports team may feel driven to play harder in order to help the team win.可知同龄人的压力也有积极的影响，为了帮助自己锁在的队伍获胜，他们会养成团队合作精神。故使用名词spirit。‎ ‎78【答案】.habits ‎ ‎【试题解析】原词再现。根据第四段3,4行This type of influence can also get a friend off drugs, or to help an adult take up a good habit or drop a bad one.可知peer pressure可以帮助人们养成好的习惯并抛弃一些不好的习惯。‎ ‎79. 【答案】independent ‎ ‎【试题解析】推理题。根据文章最后一段They teach kids to stand up and be themselves可知要教会孩子独立，并做真正的自己。‎ ‎80. 【答案】no ‎ ‎【试题解析】推理题。根据最后一段encourage them to politely decline to do things that they believe are wrong.可知要鼓励孩子拒绝去做一些他们认为错误的事情。句中的decline拒绝转换成say no to。‎ 第五部分 书面表达 (满分25分)‎ ‎81. 阅读下面短文，并按照要求用英语写一篇150词左右的文章。‎ When we read newspapers, we often come across such English words as "AIDS" and "PK." When we watch TV, we frequently hear words like "NBA" or "PM2.5." When we speak, we automatically use words like "OUT" or "Bye-bye." English words and expressions like these are getting popular. They have already become part of our daily language. And 239 English words have been included in the latest Dictionary of Contemporary Chinese.‎ The inclusion has started a heated discussion. A group of scholars signed a letter of complaint over the inclusion of these English words, which, they think, goes against Chinese language policies. They not only worry that Chinese is borrowing an increasing number of English words but are also concerned that the inclusion may hurt the dignity of the Chinese language. However, others are in favor of the inclusion because it is hard to say whether it will threaten the Chinese language. They believe the selection is mostly a result of their function and use in daily life.‎ ‎【写作内容】‎ 用约30个单词写出上文概要；‎ 用约120个单词发表你的观点，内容包括：‎ ‎（1）支持或反对汉语词典收录英语词汇；‎ 第19页 共19页 ‎（2）用2-3个理由或论据支撑你的观点。‎ ‎【写作要求】‎ ‎1.可以支持文中任一观点，但必须提供理由或论据；‎ ‎2.阐述观点或提供论据时,不能直接引用原文语句;‎ ‎3.作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；‎ ‎4.不必写标题。‎ ‎【评分标准】‎ 内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。‎ ‎【考点】考察任务型写作 ‎【写作指导】‎ 本文属于任务型写作，要求简单描述短文内容并就短文内容发表个人的观点。仍然属于议论文的范围。所以使用一般现在时和第三人称。本文讨论的话题是：很多英语单词进入中文词典。要求针对这个现象发表个人观点。要点：1.简述短文：很多英语单词进入中文词典。；2.发表观点：支持者：随着学习英语的人越来越多，人们也能理解这些词的意思，不影响阅读。而且这是文化融合的一种表现。反对者：这是一种文化污染，会影响这些词的纯真的发音等，同时对于那些英语不好的人还是一种偏见等；‎ 本文要特别注意思想的辩证性，看待问题要一分为二，不能绝对化。写作时要注意尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。‎ ‎【一句多译】‎ 随着学习英语的人越来越多，在汉语的上下文里理解英语并不是很困难。‎ ‎（1）As the number of English learners is on the rise, it's not difficult for them to understand these words in Chinese contexts.‎ ‎（2）With the number of English learners on the rise, it's not difficult for them to understand these words in Chinese contexts.‎ ‎【参考范文】‎ 支持：‎ Today, more and more English words find their way into the Chinese language. Even the Dictionary of Contemporary Chinese includes 239 English words. Some people support it while others do not.‎ Generally, I am in favour of the inclusion. As the number of English learners is on the rise, it's not difficult for them to understand these words in Chinese contexts. Besides, it is, on some occasions, more convenient to use English words. Most people nowadays use "IT" instead of its translation " xinxi jishu. " In our global village, we can see that it's not uncommon for one language to borrow words from other languages. In English, there are many words borrowed from Latin, French, or even Chinese. In fact. Chinese has never stopped taking words from other languages, say, "ganhu" or "minzhu" from Japanese.‎ So, it's safe to conclude that it is reasonable to include English which facilitates daily communication.‎ 反对：‎ With English words getting popular in both media and daily life, a Chinese dictionary has included 239 of them, leaving the public divided into two opposing groups: "For" and "Against."‎ I tend to take the " Against" side for two reasons. Firstly, this inclusion has actaally 第19页 共19页 polluted our motlier tongue. Sooner or later, many English accents will rise and fall with the four Chinese tones. And, rules don't tell us how to pronounce such English-turned Chinese words as "wifi" and "Out" in a Chinese way! Secondly, such an inclusion may give rise to prejudices of the educated against those with little knowledge of English. Just for one illustration, while college students take " Bye-bye" for granted when parting from each other, it may unconsciously hurt the feelings of someone who is used to "zaijian."‎ In short, not only has the inclusion poisoned Chinese, it may also bring about distance between the Chinese people.‎ 第19页 共19页