高考英语一轮复习Unit2Englisharoundtheworld讲含解析新人教版必修1 14页

‎2018年高考英语一轮复习 Unit 2 English around the world（讲）（含解析）新人教版必修1‎ 项目 单词及其词性变化（语法填空必备）‎ 重点单词 ‎1．official adj.官方的；正式的；公务的→office n．办公室→officer n．官员 ‎2．voyage n．航行；航海 ‎3．native adj.本国的；本地的 n．本地人；本国人 ‎4．actually adv.实际上；事实上 ‎5．base vt.以……为根据n.基部；基地；基础→basic adj.基本的；基础的 ‎6．gradual adj.逐渐的，逐步的→gradually adv.逐渐地，逐步地 ‎7．identity n．本身；本体；身份→identical adj.相同的，一样的→identify v．确定；认出；鉴定 ‎8．fluent adj.流利的；流畅的→fluently adv.流利地，流畅地→fluency n．流利，流畅 ‎9．frequent adj.频繁的；常见的→frequently adv.常常；频繁地→frequency n．频率；频度 ‎10．usage n．使用；用法；词语惯用法→useful adj.有用的→use n. & v．使用，利用 ‎11．command n. & vt.命令；指令；掌握→commander n．指挥员，司令员 ‎12．request n．& vt.请求；要求 ‎13．expression n．词语；表示；表达→express v．表达→expressive adj.富于表情的；有表现力的 ‎14．recognize vt.辨认出；承认；公认→recognizable adj.容易认出的；易于识别的→recognition n．认出；认识；识别 ‎15．accent n．口音；腔调；重音 ‎16．lightning n．闪电 ‎17．straight adv.直接地；挺直地 adj.直的；笔直的；正直的 重点短语 ‎1．because of　由于；因为 ‎2．come up 走近；上来 ‎3．at present 现在；目前 ‎4．make use of 利用 ‎5．such as 例如……；像这种的 ‎6．play a part in 扮演一个角色；参与 ‎7．ever before 从前 ‎8．even if/though 即使 ‎9．be based on 以……为基础 ‎10．over time 长期以来 ‎11．in the early days 在早期 ‎12．the same as 相同于 经典句型 ‎（高考书面表达必备）‎ ‎1．Today, more people speak English as their first, second or a foreign language than ever before.如今说英语的人比以往任何时候都多，他们有的把英语作为第一语言来说，有的把它作为第二语言或外语。‎ ‎2．Native English speakers can understand each other even if they don’t speak the same kind of English.以英语为母语的人，即使他们所讲的语言不尽相同，也可以相互交流。‎ ‎3．Believe it or not, there is no such thing as standard English.信不信由你，(世界上)没有什么标准英语。‎ 必备语法（高级句型）‎ 名词性从句 ‎1．展览时间、地点；‎ ‎2．展览内容。‎ 注意：1.词数100左右；‎ ‎2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。‎ ‎【参考范文】 ‎ Dear Henry，‎ I'm Li Hua, one of your students in your cultural class. I know you're interested in one of Chinese traditional art forms—papercutting. So I invite you to attend an exhibition of it. ‎ It'll be held from June 10 to July 10 this year and the opening time is from 9：00 am to ‎ ‎7：00 pm from Monday to Saturday and the place of the exhibition is at the City Gallery, which is located at 118, Jian Guo Road, Hai Dian District. Shall we go there together this Friday afternoon? I will meet you at 2：00 pm at the teaching building gate if you like. ‎ You know we Chinese have a lot of traditional art forms, of which papercutting is one of the most popular. In the exhibition, you will enjoy many special kinds of papercuttings. Maybe you can learn one or two skills of the cutting. ‎ Looking forward to your early reply.‎ Regards, ‎ Li Hua 语言知识精析 重点单词精讲 考点1．【教材原句】Native English speakers can understand each other even if they don’t speak the same kind of English.以英语作为母语的人，即使他们所讲的语言不尽相同，也可以互相交流。‎ native adj. 本地的，出生地的；天赋的n. 本地人；出生于某国的人 ‎【例句研读】‎ ‎(1)China is our native country， and Chinese is our native language.‎ 中国是我们的_________，汉语是我们的___________。 （1）祖国; 母语 ‎(2)The tiger is native to India.‎ 这种虎_________印度。 （2）产于 ‎(3)He is a native of Beijing.他是___________。　 （3）北京人 ‎【归纳拓展】‎ be native to...　原产于某地 one’s native country/land　本国，祖国 native place　出生地 one’s native language　本国语，本族语，母语 a native of　当地人/产于……的动/植物 ‎【即时巩固】‎ ‎1． After the international news, he went on to listen to the________ news. native ‎2. _____ English that I couldn’ t follow her.‎ A．So did fast the native speak B．So fast did the native speak C．Did the native speak so fast D．So fast the native did speak ‎【答案】B ‎3. Pandas are native ______ China.‎ A．with B．to C．for D．in ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】 试题分析：考查介词析。本题考查短语be native to(指动植物等)原属于 ... 的； 源于 ... 的。句意：熊猫产于中国。故B正确。 考点：考查介词辨析 ‎ ‎4. Whoever is_________ to the demanding job will be offered the well-paid one.‎ A．frequent B．equal C．native D．familiar ‎【答案】B 考点：考查固定词组 点评：Be equal to..能胜任…；与…相等；be familiar to sb为某人所熟悉；sb be familiar with sth某人熟悉某物。‎ 考点2．【教材原句】It was based more on German than the English we speak at present.当时的英语更多地是以德语为基础的，而现代英语不是。‎ base vt.以……为根据 n．基部；基地；基础 ‎【例句研读】‎ ‎(1)What are you basing this theory on？‎ 你这种理论的_________是什么？ （1）根据 ‎(2)They decided to base the new company in New York.‎ 他们决定将新成立的公司总部___________纽约。 （2）设在 ‎(3)The town is an ideal base for touring the area.‎ 这个镇子是在这一地区旅游观光的理想______________。（3）地点 ‎【归纳拓展】‎ base sth. on/upon sth.以……为基础(或根据)‎ base sb./sth./oneself in以……为据点(或总部等)，把(总部等)设在 ‎【即时巩固】‎ ‎(1)This news report____________________________(是完全根据实际情况写成的)．‎ ‎(2)Judgment____________________________(应该以事实为依据), not on hearsay.‎ ‎(3)I________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎(根据一个真实的故事做的这期节目)．‎ ‎(4) There are a great number of words in the English language ______________ on colors.‎ A. based B. base C basing D. is based ‎【答案】‎ ‎(1)is based entirely on/upon facts ‎(2)should be based on/upon facts ‎(3)based this program on/upon a true story ‎(4)A考查base的用法。句意：英语中有许多与颜色相关的词汇。此处based on是过去分词作定语。相当于定语从句which are based on colors.‎ 考点3．【教材原句】In English you use a command or a request when you want someone to do something.‎ command n．命令；指令掌握 vt. & vi.命令；指挥；支配 ‎【例句研读】‎ ‎(1)The army is under the king’s command.军队由国王直接__________。（1）统率 ‎(2)She has a good command of the German language.她____________德语。（2）精通 ‎(3)He commanded us to leave should immediately.＝He commanded that we leave immediately.‎ 他___________我们马上离开。 （3）命令 ‎【归纳拓展】‎ at one’s command随心所欲地 at/by one’s command奉某人之命 in command of指挥；统帅 under one’s command由……指挥 take command of担任……的指挥 have a good command of很好地掌握 command sb. to do sth.命令某人做某事 command that...(should) do...命令……‎ ‎【温馨提示】‎ command后跟从句时，从句中谓语通常用“should＋动词原形”，其中should可以省略。‎ ‎【即时巩固】‎ ‎(1)The army is ____________________________(听从国王的支配)．‎ ‎(2)Didn't you realize the troops were ________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎(在他的指挥下)?‎ ‎(3)He ________________________(精通) English.‎ ‎(4) The teacher commanded that the exercises ________ in an hour. ‎ A．was finished　　　　 B．were finished C．should finish D．be finished ‎【答案】　(1)at the king's command(2)under his command　(3)has a good command of ‎（4）D　command后接that从句时，从句中谓语动词用“(should)＋动词原形”；并且the exercises和finish之间为动宾关系，故选D。‎ 考点4．【教材原句】In English you use a command or a request when you want someone to do something.‎ request n. & vt. 请求，要求 ‎【例句研读】‎ ‎(1) These materials are in great request.__________这些材料。 （1）急需 ‎(2)She made a request for some water.‎ 她____________给点水。 （2）请求 ‎(3)May I request your attention？____________你们注意一下好吗？ （3）请 ‎(4)I request (of him) that he should leave.‎ 我_______________他离开。 （4）要求 ‎(5)Visitors are requested not to touch the paintings.游客__________油画。 （5）不许动 ‎【归纳拓展】‎ request sth. of/from sb.向某人请求某物 request sb. to do sth.请求某人做某事 request that sb. (should) do sth.请求…… It’s requested that...据要求……‎ at one’s requestat the request of sb. 应某人之请求be in request有需要，受欢迎 make a request for sth.请求，要求……‎ ‎【即时巩固】‎ 根据汉语提示完成句子 ‎（1）Well, it does make a slight difference, but we'll do as you request.（照你的要求办）‎ ‎（2）He ignored the neighbour’s requests that he （should）not make any noise.（不要发出吵闹声）‎ ‎（3）The staff immediately requested that he （should）reconsider his decision.（重新考虑）‎ 考点5．【教材原句】Although many Americans move a lot, they still recognize and understand each other’s dialects.虽然许多美国人经常搬迁，但是他们仍然能够辨别、理解彼此的方言。‎ recognize vt. 辨认出；承认 ‎【例句研读】‎ ‎(1)I recognized Mary by her voice on the phone.我在电话中根据声音___________是玛丽。（1）辨认出 ‎(2)Lawrence’s novel was eventually recognized as /to be a work of genius.‎ 劳伦斯的小说最后___________天才的作品。 （2）被认为是 ‎(3) It is recognized that environment pollution has become one of the most serious problems.‎ 人们一致___________环境污染已经成了最严重的问题之一。 （3）认为 ‎【归纳拓展】‎ recognition n．认出，识别 recognizable adj.可认出的 ‎ recognized adj.公认的 recognize sb. /sth. by /from...根据……认出某人/事(物)‎ recognize sb./sth. as/to be...承认某人(物)是…… It’s recognized that...人们公认……‎ out of/beyond recognition认不出来 ‎【即时巩固】‎ ‎(1)用recognize，realize或know的适当形式填空 ‎①I ____________ his voice on the phone just now.‎ ‎②We ________________ him for about 20 years.‎ ‎(2)完成句子 Ren Yueli____________________(被公认为)one of the best examples to those who have big dreams. ‎ ‎(3)Even when the film star wears sunglasses or beards,people _______ him． ‎ A．realize B．recover C．request D．recognize ‎ ‎【答案】　(1)①recognized　②have known ‎(2)is recognized as/to be (3)D考查动词词义辨析。A．realize意识到，B．recover恢复，C．request要求，D．recognize认出，句意：即使当电影明星戴眼睛和留胡须的时候，人们也会认出他们。选D。‎ 考点6．【教材原句】Then compare them。‎ compare vt. 比较;对照;比喻;比作 ‎【例句研读】‎ ‎（1）Your salary is chicken-feed compared to/ with （与….相比）what you could earn in America. ‎ ‎（2）Her talents stand out in comparison with/ compared to/ with the others.（和其他那些人比起来）‎ ‎【归纳拓展】‎ compare … with…把…和…相比 compare…to 把……比作；比喻 compared to/with与….相比 beyond comparison无可比拟地 by comparison比较起来 in comparison with和……比起来 ‎【用法指南】compared to/ with已经形成一种独立的分词形态，具有测试的特殊性，是考试的重点。‎ ‎【即时巩固】‎ ‎（1）A beginner's painting______________ （不能与…相比）that of an expert, who is very different in quality. ‎ ‎（2）When __________（比较）different cultures，we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities．‎ ‎（3）Michael’s new house is like a huge palace, ______with his old one.‎ ‎ A. comparing B. compares C. to compare D. compared 重点短语精讲 考点1．because of因为，由于 ‎【教材原句】Later in the next century, people from England made voyages to conquer other parts of the world and because of that, English began to be spoken in many other countries.后来，在17世纪英国人开始航海征服了世界其它地区。于是，许多别的国家开始说英语了。‎ ‎【例句研读】‎ ‎(1)He was absent not because of his illness, but because his father died.‎ 他缺席不是__________他生病，而是因为他父亲去世了。（1）因为 ‎(2)It was because of her that he had gone abroad.‎ ‎____________，他才出国的。（2）就是为了她 ‎(3)He realized that she was crying because of what he had said .‎ 他意识到她哭是___________他说的那些话的缘故。（3）因为 ‎(4)Because of her husband’s being there， I said nothing about her mistake.‎ ‎___________她丈夫在场，对她的错误我就没说什么。（4）因为 ‎【归纳拓展】‎ because of是介词短语，后跟名词、代词或动名词。‎ because是连词，后跟从句。‎ ‎【即时巩固】‎ 同义句转换 ‎(1)We had to go to school on foot because of the rain. ＝We had to walk to school ________ it ________．‎ ‎(2)We won the game because you helped us.＝____________________________， we won the game.‎ ‎(3) David said that it was______ his strong interest in literature_____ he chose the course. ‎ A．because of; that B．because; so ‎ C．because; that D．why; because ‎ 考点2．come up走近；(植物)长出地面；(太阳)升起；出现；被提及 ‎【教材原句】Come up to my office.‎ ‎【例句研读】‎ 写出下列各句中come up的意思。‎ ‎(1)I’ll let you know if anything comes up.____________‎ ‎(2)A child came up to me and showed me the way to the station.________________‎ ‎(3)Your question came up at the meeting.________________‎ ‎(4)The sky was dark blue and clear when the moon came up.___________‎ ‎(5)The young trees have come up._________‎ ‎(6)I came up for an interview but didn’t get the job.________‎ ‎【答案】（1）发生（2）走近；走上来（3）被提出讨论（4）升起（5）发芽（6）到场 ‎【归纳拓展】‎ come up with想出；提出 come about发生 come across偶遇；偶然发现 (＝come upon) come along一道来；一起去；进步；赶快 come back回来；记起 come on(风、雨等)到来；演出；赶快；得了吧 come out出版；出来，出现；结果是 come to苏醒；总计；达到；谈到 ‎【温馨提示】 ‎ 作“提出”讲时，come up为不及物动词短语，其主语通常为物，无被动语态形式；若说“提出……来”，应用come up with。‎ ‎【即时巩固】‎ ‎(1)He ____________________(走到我跟前) and asked me if I knew the time.‎ ‎(2)Did you ____________________________(提出新的意见来)?‎ ‎(3) The question of drug-taking is bound to (一定要) _____ at the next conference. ‎ A．be come up B．come up C．come up with D．be coming up ‎ 考点3．make use of利用；使用 ‎【教材原句】So by the 1600’s Shakespeare was able to make use of a wider vocabulary than ever ‎ before.所以到17世纪，莎士比亚所用的词汇量比以前任何时期都大。‎ ‎【例句研读】‎ ‎(1) We should make good use of every minute to learn well.‎ 我们应该__________每一分钟好好学习。（1）充分利用 ‎(2)Our factory is making increasing use of robots.我们工厂正_________机器人。（2）越来越多地使用 ‎【归纳拓展】‎ make full use of充分利用 make the best use of尽量利用 make good use of好好利用，合理利用 make little use of没有很好地利用 be of great use很有用 go out of use不被使用，废弃 come into use开始被使用 be in use在使用中 bring/put...to use加以使用 ‎【注意】在学习语言的过程中应注意语言的活用以及词的搭配。‎ How much do you know about the use that we have made_of the money？(句子中use做先行词，关系代词that代替use，在定语从句中做make的宾语。)我们对钱的使用情况你了解多少？‎ ‎【即时巩固】‎ ‎(1)根据汉语提示完成句子 By the 1600's Shakespeare was able to______________________(用比以前任何时候都大的词汇量)．‎ ‎(2)同义句转换 He made use of his free time to learn French.＝His free time ________________________ to learn French.‎ ‎ (3) In order to go to a famous university, you must ________ each of the three years in Senior High School. ‎ A．make most of B．make best of ‎ C．make good use for D．make good use of ‎ 考点4. play a role/part in在……中担任角色；在……中起作用 ‎【教材原句】Geography also plays a part in making dialects.地理位置对方言的产生也有影响。‎ ‎【例句研读】‎ ‎(1)Science and technology plays an important role/part in developing agriculture.‎ 科技在发展农业中____________。（1）起重要作用 ‎(2)He will play/act the role/part of the doctor in my latest drama.他将在我最新的戏里________。（2）出演医生的角色 ‎【提示】play a role/part in是“动词＋名词＋介词”构成的动词短语，这类短语有两个重要考点：‎ ‎(1)用名词做主语，用于被动句；‎ ‎(2)用名词做先行词，用于定语从句。类似短语有：make use of, pay attention to等。‎ ‎【归纳拓展】‎ play an important role/part in在……方面起重要作用 play the role of sb.＝play/act the part of sb.(在剧中)扮演某人的角色 play the leading role起主要(带头)作用 ‎【即时巩固】‎ ‎(1)The man ____________________________(在这部电影中扮演角色) and became popular very soon.‎ ‎(2)John ________________________________(起重要作用) in the success of the meeting.‎ ‎(3)Clearly your own knowledge and experience will ________your decision. ‎ A．make use of　　　　　 B．play a part in C．get along with D．get tired of 经典句型剖析 考点1 状语从句的连接词 ‎【教材原句】Native English speakers can understand each other even if they don't speak the same kind of English. 以英语作为母语的人，即使他们所说的英语不尽相同，也可以相互交流。‎ ‎【句法分析】句中 even if 相当于 even though, 意为“即使；尽管”，引导让步状语从句。even if/though 引导的从句中可用现在时代替将来时。(1)引导让步状语从句的引导词还有 although, though, no matter when/what..., whenever, wherever, however ‎ 等等。(2)as也可以引导让步状语从句，但要把其表语、谓语或宾语前置，且前置的单数名词不可以加冠词。‎ ‎【例句研读】‎ ‎1.Even if you don't like flowers, you shouldn't miss the flower exhibition.即使你不喜欢花，这次花展你也不应错过。‎ ‎2.We have decided to visit the museum even if it rains tomorrow.我们决定明天去参观博物馆，即使下雨。‎ ‎3.Even though you achieve great success in your work, you should not be conceited.‎ 即使你们在工作中取得了巨大的成绩，也不应该自满。‎ ‎4.Whatever you do, do it well.不管你做什么，把它做好。‎ ‎5.However hot it is, he won't take off his hat.不管多热，他都不摘下帽子。‎ ‎6．Girl as she is, she can go alone in the darkness.尽管她是个女孩，她敢一个人走夜路。‎ ‎【考点聚焦】考查状语从句的连接词。‎ ‎【即时巩固】‎ Many of them turned a deaf ear to his advice, ______they knew it to be valuable.‎ A．as if　　　　　　　　　 B．now that C．even though D．so that ‎【答案】C ‎ 考点2 believe it or not 信不信由你。常在句中做插入语/no such thing 没有这样的事情。‎ ‎【教材原句】Believe it or not, there is no such thing as standard English. 信不信由你，(世界上)没有什么标准英语。‎ ‎【句法分析】(1)believe it or not 信不信由你。常在句中做插入语。‎ ‎(2)no such thing 没有这样的事情。such与 all, no, some, any, few, little, many, much, several, one 等词连用时，应位于它们的后面。‎ ‎【例句研读】‎ ‎①Believe it or not, he refused to accept our offer.信不信由你，他拒绝接受我们的帮助。‎ ‎②There is no such street in the city.这城市没有那样的街道。‎ ‎③He said he didn't have time or made some such excuse.他说他没有时间或别的诸如此类的借口。‎ ‎【考点聚焦】插入语believe it or not和such的用法 ‎【即时巩固】‎ I’m amazed to hear from my school teacher again. ______， it is ten years since we met last.‎ A．In a word B．What’s more C．That’s to say D．Believe it or not ‎【答案】D 考点3 more...than...‎ ‎【教材原句】It was based more on German than the English we speak at present. 当时的英语更多地是以德语为基础，而我们今天所说的英语不是。‎ ‎【句法分析】more...than...可以看成是一种固定句式，其中的more可修饰名词、形容词、副词或动词。此句式一是表示“比……更……”之意，二是用于对人或物的同一性质或同一方面进行比较，表示“与其说……不如说……；不是……而是……”之意。拓展 more...than之后接含有can的从句时，表示否定意义。 ‎ He earns more money than he can spend.他赚的钱花不完。‎ Tom has more insolence than I can stand. 汤姆的傲慢使我难以忍受。‎ ‎【例句研读】‎ The book seems to be more a dictionary than a grammar.这本书似乎不是语法书，而是一本词典。‎ She was more sad than angry when her son lied again.当她的儿子再次说谎时，她的悲伤甚于愤怒。‎ I more agree with you than I agree with Robert.我不是同意罗伯特的话，而是同意你的话。‎ ‎【考点聚焦】more...than...的用法 ‎【即时巩固】‎ 她看上去比以前漂亮多了。‎ ‎【答案】She looks much prettier than ever before.‎