英语构词法在高考中的应用 8页

英语构词法在高考中的应用 本课要点：1.各类词性的正确使用及转化 ‎2.运用构词法知识猜测语境中词的语义 ‎3.通过理解和掌握构词法扩大词汇量 考情分析：‎ ‎1. We drank together and talked _____ (merry) till far into the night.( 07 高考)‎ ‎2.This proverb is saying we have to let things go in their (nature) course.( 08 高考)‎ ‎3.But Jane knew from past experience that her __ (choose) of ties hardly ever pleased her father.( 09高考)‎ ‎4.His teacher took a deep drink, smiled _______(warm), and thanked his student very much for the sweet water.(10高考)‎ 考点精讲：‎ Friendships change as our needs and lifestyles change. ‎ Don’t trouble trouble until trouble troubles you. ‎ They watched the train until it disappeared in the distance. ‎ ‎ ‎ 英语构词法主要有三种方法：‎ 一．.合成(Compounding):由两个或更多的词合成一个词 ‎ eg. house( 房子)+ wife( 妻子)----housewife(家庭主妇)‎ ‎ 二. 转化(Conversion):由一个词类转化为另一个词类:‎ ‎ eg. water ( n.)水 --- water ( v.)浇水 ‎ 三. 派生(Derivation): 通过加前缀或后缀构成另外一个词:‎ ‎ eg. happy---- unhappy 加前缀一般不改变原词的 ，只改变其 。‎ ‎ happy---- happiness 加后缀改变了原词的 ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 一．合成法：‎ ‎…Yet, shopkeepers may have to spend extra hours to deal with problems, such as shoplifters, who always take away things from the shop without paying for them. …‎ What does the word “shoplifter” mean? ‎ A.商店里的小偷 B. 商店里的推销员 C.商店里的老客户 D.商店里的搬运工 ‎ 注意：‎ ‎ 请你猜一猜下列划线的词的词义。‎ ‎1.For them, playing well and winning are often life-and-death affairs.‎ ‎2.Down-to-earth spirit is a necessity. Sharp words from a teacher can usually bring a day-dreaming student down-to-earth.‎ ‎3.For a time we wrote, and her letters were the highlight of those terrible endless years.‎ 二． 转化法：‎ He is a man with broad shoulders.‎ We will shoulder the responsibilities at any time.‎ Nobel arranged in his will to give the largest part of his money to establish the Nobel prizes.(08高考）‎ 触类旁通：feed cause use fly native major mail empty cheat free ‎ 三． 派生法（重点）：‎ （一） 前缀 1. 否定前缀：il- im- in- ir- dis- mis- un- non- ‎ 请为下列单词找出适当的否定前缀。‎ balance concern active patient possible understand legal lucky polite regular agree use honest advantage stop smoker fair 2. 请找出下列单词的前缀，并讨论前缀所含意义 retell repay antiaircraft oversleep overlook superman coeducation subway subtitle international interview enlarge transport 归纳：‎ 巩固练习：‎ ‎1…It would be easy for someone to mispresent himself on line because you can’t see him. Thus someone who says that “she is a 12-year-old girl.”could really be an old man.‎ What does the word “mispresent ” mean?‎ A.Making a wrong judgment about B.Understanding somebody wrongly C.Giving a wrong description of D.Forming a wrong opinion about ‎2….The computer also counts the loads and gives a signal by phone when the box is full. And a special piece of equipment breaks up the nonrecyclables.‎ ‎3…. Another myth about eyes is that they can be transplanted. It is quite difficult to connect an eyeball to a new brain…‎ (二） 后缀 1. 常见的名词后缀 A: 表示人的后缀： ‎ B: 其它常见的后缀： ‎ 技巧点拨： 动词、介词、冠词、物主代词等词后一般接 或动名词,如果所给单词是其它词类,就要将其改为 ,并注意名词数的变化。动词，名词，形容词时都有可能会考否定形式，一定要根据语境来判断。‎ ‎(1)His (careful) resulted in the terrible accident  ‎(2)He was one of the (visit) who thought highly of Tom, their guide. ‎2.常见的形容词后缀 ‎- al ; – an ; – ern; -ble ; –ish ; –ive; – y; -ful ; - less –ly;-ous表示具有…的性质, 或与…有关 ‎ e.g. practical , American, southern , possible, foolish, native, rainy, careless，careful ‎3.常见的副词后缀:‎ ‎ - ly 表示方式,程度 : freely ，happily ‎-ward (s) 表示方向 : westwards 技巧点拨： 动词前后、形容词前后可有 ，这时，如果所给词为形容词，则需将其变为副词。如果所给词为名词或动词，可先将其变为形容词，再加后缀-ly。另外，在答题时还要考虑副词级的变化。名词前面一般可有形容词修饰语,连系动词后接形容词作表语。如果所需词为形容词时,还要考虑形容词级的变化。如： ‎(1)The little girl is (extreme）eager to know the result of the exam. ‎(2)What，s the (length)river in the world? ‎(3)The (strength)we become, the more modest we should be. ‎4. 动词后缀: -fy (使…化) ; -ize (使…成为) ; –en(使…）‎ 写出下列单词的动词形式。‎ beauty modern deep rich real quick 技巧点拨： 动词是句子的灵魂，在确定语法填空的答案时，要考虑句子中是否有谓语动词，如果 谓语动词，需将所给词通过加前缀或后缀变成动词。‎ 两个en含有使动用法: en - （enrich) -en (widen)‎ 易错点 ‎1.Nowadays most aircraft fly highly.‎ 1. They can watch lively broadcast ball games at home.‎ ‎3.”We really did very well,” cried the fairy, in a pleasing voice,” for I found little unhappiness among the children this morning.‎ 强化训练 ‎1.In a word, to save time is _________(long) life. to lengthen ‎2.Before the trip I thought we were rich but today I learnt who is _____ (true) rich. 3.The race gave a great deal of ________(please).(惠一调)‎ ‎4. It was his ninth year of school and his academic career seemed to be in ruins, so I was full of _____ (angry).(惠二调)‎ ‎5..and viruses, so I’m very careful not to give out my _________ (person) information.(惠三调)‎ ‎6.With this the boy got up and walked away, leaving his father sitting on their comfortable sofa, totally _________ (speech).(广一模)‎ ‎7. Mr Chen has taught me English since Junior 1, and to show my (appreciate) I decided to get her a present. 　(广州二模)‎ ‎8.. … (fortunate), I then noticed that I had just10 minutes to complete the rest. 　(09广州二模) ‎ ‎9.. Some people were now waiting for her service and the waitress grew a bit_________ (patience). （深一模）‎ ‎10.. “Thirty-five cents,” she said (rude). （09深一模）‎ ‎11.. I must know how to care for others and try not to (understand) them. 12. …you have done well and made great achievement in the (entertain) field. (惠一模)‎ ‎13. These people have made great __________ (contribute) to China with their work.（茂名二模）‎ ‎14.．The storm damaged several_________ (new) built buildings,…(梅州二模)‎ ‎15.．Numerous studies have shown that free play is very (benefit). It can help children become creative…(四校联考)‎ ‎16.…. they can see plays, films, operas, and shows of every kind, not to mention the latest _______ (excite) football match. （东莞一模）‎ 解题心得小结：介词，冠词，所有格后接_____；形容词修饰_____；副词修饰____________________‎ ‎ 熟悉四会单词的意义、拼写和词性 注意 ‎1.在做语法填空时，一定要善于根据上下文分析句子结构，句子成分，平时要多积累相关的单词，熟悉其词性，并利用好构词法等技巧。‎ ‎2.最后，要检查一遍，大小写问题，单复数问题，字母是否缺漏，单词是否要双写（e.g. runner）不断地通过分析句子来检验自己的答案。‎ ‎3.平时注重培养：阅读、理解语篇的能力； 分析句子结构的能力； 熟练运用语法的能力。‎ 实战演习 ‎ ‎(1)‎ I hated(1)__________(wait) for her for hours without(2)______(know) when on earth she would come. On her(3)__________(arrive),she would always hugged me, promising never to be late again. I used to stare at her in(4)__________(angry),telling her frankly that her(5) __________ (arrive)late made me angry and that I wanted to end our(6)__________ (relate).However, she never seemed to be(7)__________ (angrily).She told me that she always thought of me as one of her best(8)__________ (friendly)and if I left her, that would be a severe(9)_________(punish)to her. Finally we reached an(10)_________(agree)that we would still be good friends, but she mustn，t be late again. ‎(2)‎ Ann walked out of the chemical factory,annoyed at her 1 (pleasant)interview with Jack,the vice general manager of the factory.Ann was told the factory had been pouring waste water directly into the river,making the water 2 (suit)to drink.Ann thought it was her duty to 3 (close)the matter and had it reported in the newspaper.She also thought it was 4 (responsible)〖JP3〗for the factory to do so.Jack thought it was 5 (proper)and 6 (legal)for Ann to report the whole thing in public without telling them in advance. However,Ann regarded it most important to ensure the residents near the factory to drink 7 (pollution)water.She told Jack if his factory kept on polluting the river,he was sure to answer for what he had done one day.‎ ‎(3)‎ It was a(1)_________(snow)winter Sunday. Jane sat in her (2) _________ (gloom) room, staring at the telephone (3)________ (sad), waiting(4)_______ (eager)for a phonecall her uncle pomised her if he could manage to find her a job. It was almost 11 o，clock, but the phone still remained(5)__________(silence).She once told herself that her uncle could do nothing to help her and she thought she had some(6)__________(predict)power about such kind of things. However, she still felt it(7)__________(bear)when she assumed her prediction came true, so she couldn，t help weeping. Just then, the telephone rang. It was her uncle, telling her the manager of his company agreed to give her a chance because he thought Jane was a(8)__________(compete)girl to do the work well. Imagine how happy Jane was at the good news. ‎（4）‎ After the engineer waited for two hours to have the plan(1)_______ (approve),he walked out of the mayor，s office into the narrow street, thinking that the administrative formalities must(2)_______ (simple)to make things easier, the narrow streets of the city should(3)__________ (wide) and another theater should be built (4)_______ (rich)people，s life after work. More money should be spend(5)__________(industry)the city. Besides it was important(6)_________(deep)and(7)________(wide) the river so that there would be less flood. Just then, he smelt a delicious smell out of a restaurant and he realized he hadn，t had anything for ten hours. He then said to himself,“Why should I think of all this？Am I the mayor？The ‎ most important thing I should do now is to eat something.” He(8)__________(quick)his steps towards the restaurant. ‎（5）‎ Each of us fails from time to time. If we are wise, we accept these(1)__________(fail)as a necessary part of the learning process. But all too often(2)__________ parents and teachers we do not allow our children to have the same right. We convey either by words(3)__________ by actions that failure is something to be ashamed of, and that nothing but top performance meets with our(4)__________(approve). When I see a child subject to this kind of pressure, I think of Donnie. He was a shy, nervous perfectionist. His fear of failure(5)__________(keep)him from classroom games that other children played with joyous abandon. He seldom answered questions for fear that he would be wrong. He seldom finished his work because he repeatedly checked with me to be sure he hadn，t made a(6)__________(mistaken).I tried my best to build up his self-confidence. And I repeatedly asked God for(7)__________(direct).But nothing changed until midterm,(8)__________ Mary Anne, a young student teacher, was appointed to our classroom. She was young and pretty, and she loved children. Many students, Donnie(9)__________(include),adored her. With her(10)__________(encourage),Donnie became confident. ‎（6）‎ ‎ A father sat at his desk looking at and carefully studying his 1 (month)bill when his young son rushed in and announced,“Dad,because this is your birthday and you are 55 years old,I’m going to give you 55 kisses,one for each year!” But the father exclaimed,“Oh,Peter,don’t do it now.I’m too busy!” The boy immediately fell 2 (silence)as tears rolled down from his big blue eyes. 3 (apologize)the father said,“You can finish later.” ‎ The boy said nothing but 4 (quiet)walked away, 5 (disappoint)written over his face.That evening the father said,“Come and finish the kisses now,Peter!” But the boy didn’t respond. 6 (fortunate),the boy had an accident and was drowned.His heartbroken father wrote,“If only I could tell him how much I regret my 7 (thought)words and could be assured that he knows how much my heart is aching.” ‎ Love is a two-way street.Any loving act must be 8 (warm)accepted or it will be taken as 9 (reject)and can leave a scar.Nothing is more 10 (importance)than responding with love to the cry for love from those who are near and precious to us.‎ 英语构词法在高考中的应用 参考答案：‎ 考情分析1. merrily 2. natural 3. choice 4.warmly 考点精讲：合成法 转化法 派生法 词性 词义 词性 一．A 1. 生死悠关的； 2. 实事求是的 做白日梦的 现实的 3.最精彩的部分 二．名词 动词 遗愿 三． imbalance unconcern inactive impatient impossible misunderstand illegal unlucky impolite ‎ ‎ irregular disagree misuse dishonest disadvantage nonsmoker nonstop unfair ‎ re- 再， anti- 反对，反抗 over- 太多的，在.....之上， super- 超级，过度 co- 共同 Sub- 下， 低位，在....下面 inter-相互的， en-使， trans- 变 C 不可循环使用的东西 移植 ‎ ‎1.表示人的后缀：-er -or -ian -ist -ese 其他常见的后缀：-ism -ion -sion -tion -ment -ance -ence ‎3.‎ (1) carelessness (2) visitors 副词 （1） extremely (2) longest (3) stronger 4. beautify modernize deepen enrich realize quicken 没有 易错点 1. highly 改为high 2. lively改为live 3.pleasing 改为pleased 强化训练 1. to lengthen 2. truly 3.pleasure 4.anger 5.personal 6.speechless 7.appreciation 8.Fortunately 9. impatient 10.rudely 11.misunderstand 12. entertainment 13.contributions 14.newly 15.beneficial 16.exciting 解题心得：名词 ， 名词 ，动词 副词 形容词或句子 ‎ 实战演习：‎ 一答案： (1)waiting (2)knowing (3)arrival (4)anger (5)arriving (6)relation (7)angry (8)friends (9)punishment (10)agreement 二答案:1.unpleasant2.unsuitable3.disclose4.irresponsible ‎5.improper6.illegal7.pollutionfree 三答案: (1)snowy (2)gloomy (3)sadly (4)eagerly (5)silent ‎ ‎(6)predictive (7)unbearable (8)competitive 四答案: (1)approved (2)be simplified (3)be widened (4)to enrich (5)industrializing (6)to deepen (7)widen (8)quickened ‎ 五答案： (1)failures (2)as (3)or (4)approval (5)kept (6)mistake (7)direction (8)when (9)included (10)encouragement 六答案1.monthly2.silent3.Apologetically4.quietly5.disappointment6.Unfortunately7.thoughtless8.warmly9.rejection10.important