2020版高考英语一轮复习 Unit 3 Computers达标巩固练（含解析）新人教版必修2 8页

Unit 3 Computers 李仕才 ‎***阅读理解。‎ When it's five o'clock，people leave their office.The length of the workday，for many workers，is defined by time.They leave when the clock tells them they're done.‎ These days，the time is everywhere：not just on clocks or watches，but on cellphones and computers.That may be a bad thing，particularly at work.New research shows that clockbased work schedules hinder morale(士气)and creativity.‎ Clocktimers organize their day by blocks of minutes and hours.For example：a meeting from ‎9 a．m.to ‎10 a．m.，research from ‎10 a．m.to noon，etc.On the other hand，tasktimers have a list of things they want to accomplish.They work down the list；each task starts when the previous task is completed.It is said that all of us employ a mix of both these types of planning.‎ What，then，are the effects of thinking about time in these different ways？Does one make us more productive？Better at the tasks at hand？Happier? In experiments conducted by Tamar Avnet and AnneLaure Sellier，they had participants organize different activities—from project planning，holiday shopping，to yoga—by time or todo list to measure how they performed under “clock time” vs.“task time”．They found clocktimers to be more efficient but less happy because they felt little control over their lives.Tasktimers are happier and more creative，but less productive.They tend to enjoy the moment when something good is happening，and seize opportunities that come up.‎ The researchers argue that taskbased organizing tends to be undervalued and undersupported in business culture.Smart companies，they believe，will try to bake more taskbased planning into their strategies.‎ This might be a small change to the way we view work and the office，but the researchers argue that it challenges a widespread characteristic of the economy：work organized by clock time.While most people will still probably need，and be，to some extent，clocktimers，taskbased timing should be used when they are performing a job that requires more creativity.It'll make those tasks easier，and the taskdoers will be happier.‎ ‎1．What is the way people often do their work according to the author?‎ A．They give priority to the most urgent task on hand.‎ 8‎ B．They set a time limit for each specific task.‎ C．They combine clockbased and taskbased planning.‎ D．They accomplish their tasks one by one.‎ ‎2．What did the researchers find in their experiments on clocktimers?‎ A．They tend to be more productive.‎ B．They seize opportunities as they come up.‎ C．They always get their work done in time.‎ D．They have more control over their lives.‎ ‎3．What is the researchers' opinion about today's business culture?‎ A．It does not support the strategies adopted by smart companies.‎ B．It attaches more importance to work efficiency than to workers' lives.‎ C．It aims to bring employees' potential and creativity into full play.‎ D．It does not lay enough emphasis on taskbased practice.‎ ‎4．From the passage，we can conclude that ________.‎ A．it is important to keep a balance between work and life B．taskbased timing is preferred for doing creative work C．performing creative jobs tends to make workers happier D．a scientific standard should be adopted in job evaluation ‎【解题导语】本文是一篇对时钟型和任务型两种工作方式的研究报告。‎ ‎【难句分析】While most people will still probably need，and be，to some extent，clocktimers，taskbased timing should be used when they are performing a job that requires more creativity.‎ 分析：本句中While引导让步状语从句，意思是“虽然”，相当于although；when they are performing a job是when引导的时间状语从句；that requires more creativity是一个定语从句，先行词是a job。‎ 译文：虽然大多数人仍然很可能在某种程度上需要或者成为时钟计时型的人，但是他们在做需要更多创造力的工作时还是应当使用任务型的时间安排。‎ ‎1．C　考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“It is said that all of us employ a mix of both these types of planning”可知，人们采用了这两种方式的复合型工作方式，因此选项C“他们把时钟型和任务型的计划结合起来”是正确的。选项A、B和D的信息在文中无处可寻，所以都是错误的。give priority to...意为“给……以优先考虑”；on hand意为“在手边”；set a time limit for...意为“给……设定时限”。‎ ‎2．A　考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“They found clocktimers to be more efficient but less happy because they felt little control over their lives.Tasktimers are 8‎ ‎ happier and more creative，but less productive”可知，采用时钟计时型工作方式的人效率更高，采用任务计时型工作方式的人更开心，但是效率较低。所以选A。‎ ‎3．D　考查推理判断。根据第五段首句“The researchers argue that taskbased organizing tends to be undervalued and undersupported in business culture”可知，研究人员认为任务型的工作方式在商业文化中往往被低估并且缺乏支持。故选项D“它(商业文化)没有充分强调任务型的实践”正确。‎ ‎4．B　考查推理判断。根据末段中的“taskbased timing should be used when they are performing a job that requires more creativity”可知，在做需要更多创造力的工作时还是应当使用任务型的工作方式。故选B项。根据第四段中的“Tasktimers are happier and more creative, but less productive”和末段的末句“It'll make those tasks easier, and the taskdoers will be happier”可知，文中讲述的是采用任务计时型工作方式的人更开心，且更有创造力，但并不意味着做有创造力的工作会让人们更开心，所以选项C是错误的；选项A和D的内容在文中没有提及，是主观臆断，因此也是错误的。‎ ‎***语法填空。‎ All of us have read thrilling stories. In many of __1__(they) the hero had only a __2__(limit) and specified time to live. Sometimes it was as long as a year; sometimes as short as twentyfour hours, __3__we were always interested in __4__(discover) just how the dying man chose to spend his last days or his last hours.‎ Such stories set up thinking, wondering __5__we should do under similar circumstances. What __6__(happy) should we find in reviewing the past, and what regrets? Sometimes, I have thought it would be an excellent rule to live each day __7__if we should die tomorrow. Such an attitude would stress __8__(sharp) the values of life.‎ I have often thought it would be a blessing if each human being __9__(be) stricken blind and deaf for a few days at some time during his early adult life. Darkness would make him __10__(much) appreciative of sight; silence would teach him the joys of sound.‎ ‎1．________ 　2.________ 　3.________ 　4.________ 　5.________ 　6.________ 　7.________ 　8.________ 　9.________ 　10.________ ‎ 篇章导读：本文是一篇议论文，主要描述了作者对生活的感悟，即努力过好每一天，珍惜眼下的生活。‎ ‎1．them　考查代词。介词of后接人称代词的宾格形式。they的宾格为them。‎ 8‎ ‎2．limited　考查词性转换。此处limited和specified是并列关系，一起修饰time，所以填limit的形容词形式limited。‎ ‎3．but　考查连词。句意：有时长达一年，有时短到24小时，但是我们总是对发现垂死的人选择如何度过最后的时光或最后的几个小时感兴趣。根据语境可知，此处应用but表示转折。‎ ‎4．discovering　考查非谓语动词。固定搭配be interested in后接名词或动名词作宾语。故填discovering。‎ ‎5．what　考查宾语从句的连接词。动词wonder后的宾语从句中缺少动词do的宾语，所以用连接词what引导。‎ ‎6．happiness　考查词性转换。感叹句中，what修饰名词，happy的名词形式为happiness。‎ ‎7．as　考查固定搭配。句意：有时我想，把每天都当作生命的最后一天来度过也不失为一个很好的生命法则。as if是固定搭配，意为“似乎，好像”，符合语境。‎ ‎8．sharply　考查词性转换。此处应用副词修饰动词stress。故填sharply，意为“大幅度地”。‎ ‎9．were　考查虚拟语气。句意：我常常想，如果每个人在他成年的早期有一段时间处于眼盲、耳聋的状态，那会是一种幸事。根据句意可知，本句为虚拟语气。根据主句中的谓语动词“would be”可知，if从句中的谓语动词应用一般过去时，be动词一律用were。‎ ‎10．more　考查形容词的比较级。appreciative是多音节形容词，本句表示“黑暗让他更加感激光明”，应用形容词的比较级形式，故填more。‎ ‎***完形填空。‎ 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可能填入空白处的最佳选项。‎ ‎(2018·太原市高三年级模拟试题)‎ I was a shy kid.Nothing seemed harder than talking to people.I didn't even like to answer the phone for fear that I'd have to talk to somebody I didn't know.‎ ‎__1__ ，at school I had to spend all day in the company of others.My __2__ was studying.It was something I could do __3__ and by myself.I spent a lot of time studying and was __4__ with good grades.‎ Eventually I went to college.I came to realize that some people were rather fun to __5__ with.Yet my childhood __6__ carried over and I found myself tonguetied and __7__ whenever I found myself in a conversation.‎ One day while on campus，I __8__ an advertisement for a position on the local classical music __9__ station.I had grown up listening to classical music，and I 8‎ ‎ loved it.‎ In order to get the job，applicants needed to be interviewed.I had absolutely no background in radio，and the idea of talking to thousands of listeners __10__ me.I didn't really want the job.I just wanted to prove that I could talk to a(n) __11__.‎ Two weeks __12__ ，I was even more terrified to discover that I had actually landed the job.‎ It was a __13__ job，but I grew to enjoy it.I announced music to thousands of __14__ in the city，sometimes answering their calls and __15__ to their requests.I began to feel comfortable talking to these people，these strangers who I couldn't even __16__.‎ Although I now spend much time talking with people，I'm still basically a __17__ person.My former shyness is a gift，as I can __18__ people who feel discomfort when they talk to strangers.I still enjoy moments of being __19__.But I'm also glad I decided to make a __20__ in my life that had opened many doors and opportunities that I never knew existed.‎ ‎1．A.However B．Therefore C．Otherwise D．Besides ‎2．A.advice B．practice C．task D．escape ‎3．A.obviously B．simply C．quietly D．poorly ‎4．A.filled B．rewarded C．decorated D．faced ‎5．A.help out B．catch up C．put up D．hang out ‎6．A.happiness B．shyness C．kindness D．goodness ‎7．A.excited B．astonished C．embarrassed D．interested ‎8．A.noticed B．posted C．realized D．believed ‎9．A.fire B．gas C．TV D．radio 8‎ ‎10．A.terrified B．pleased C．satisfied D．amazed ‎11．A.child B．singer C．interviewer D．applicant ‎12．A.ago B．later C．before D．since ‎13．A.wellpaid B．puzzling C．comfortable D．challenging ‎14．A.listeners B．followers C．viewers D．dancers ‎15．A.referring B．responding C．offering D．comparing ‎16．A.feel B．move C．hear D．see ‎17．A.busy B．warm C．quiet D．smart ‎18．A.look into B．relate to C．combine with D．worry with ‎19．A.alone B．alive C．active D．awake ‎20．A.plan B．mistake C．change D．dream ‎【解题导语】该文主要讲述了害羞的作者通过应聘电台工作而实现自我突破的故事。‎ ‎1．A　根据上下文可知，此处表示逻辑上的转折关系。然而，作者在学校里不得不和同学们相处。‎ ‎2．D　根据上文的“I was a shy kid”可推知，害羞的作者在学校用学习来逃避与人交流。‎ ‎3．C　与语境“by myself”呼应可推知，作者一个人安安静静地做功课。‎ ‎4．B　与语境“with good grades”呼应可推知，作者在学习上的付出得到了丰厚的回报，成绩突出。‎ ‎5．D　由“Eventually”的提示可推知，作者最终意识到了和朋友相处是有趣的。hang out“常去某处”。‎ ‎6．B　根据上文的“I was a shy kid”并结合“I found myself tonguetied”可推知，作者童年时代的害羞个性还存在。‎ 8‎ ‎7．C　根据“I found myself tonguetied”可推知，和他人交流时沟通不顺畅是令人尴尬的。‎ ‎8．A　根据语境可知，作者在校园里注意到了一则让他感兴趣的广告。‎ ‎9．D　根据下文的“I had absolutely no background in radio”可推知，这是一则电台的招募广告。‎ ‎10．A　根据“I had absolutely no background in radio”并结合下文的“I didn't really want the job”可推知，作者因自己没有广播方面的背景而打退堂鼓，与下文的“I was even more terrified to discover that I had actually landed the job”呼应。‎ ‎11．C　作者害怕与成千上万的听众交流，只想证明自己能够和面试官交谈。‎ ‎12．B　根据语境可推知，时间已经过去了两周。‎ ‎13．D　根据上文可知，这项工作需要与成千上万的听众交流，这对作者来说有一定的挑战性，且与语境“but I grew to enjoy it”形成呼应。‎ ‎14．A　与上文的“and the idea of talking to thousands of listeners __10__ me”呼应可推知，此处表示作者给听众播放音乐。‎ ‎15．B　与语境“answering their calls”呼应可推知，作者回应听众的要求。‎ ‎16．D　根据上文可知，作者应聘的是电台工作，和听众们基本上是不见面的。‎ ‎17．C　根据“still”的提示并结合上文的“I was a shy kid”可推知，作者尽管现在花费很多时间和人们交流，但是本质上还是一个不多说话的人，与下文的“My former shyness is a gift”呼应。‎ ‎18．B　结合“My former shyness is a gift”可推知，作者能够理解那些和他相同的人。relate to“理解，认同”。‎ ‎19．A　根据上文的“My former shyness is a gift”可推知，作者仍旧喜欢独处。‎ ‎20．C　根据语境可推知，作者通过做电台工作有了重大改变，从而人生有了更多的可能性。‎ ‎***短文改错。‎ Thanks for your concern in your letter about the smog which frequent strikes some areas of China. I'm also very worrying about such a terrible weather. It has brought much inconvenience or rather harm to people's health such as road accident, bad coughs and even lung cancers and so on.‎ It is known to all, good environment comes from careful protection. But we should do what we can protect it. I believe a small step can make a different. Try to drive less and choose airfriendly products. Only when everyone had the environmental awareness can we have a blue sky. Hope to hear from you and share my 8‎ ‎ good ideas.‎ 答案：‎ Thanks for your concern in your letter about the smog which strikes some areas of China. I'm also very about such terrible weather. It has brought much inconvenience or rather harm to people's health such as road ， bad coughs and even lung cancers and so on.‎ is known to all, good environment comes from careful protection. we should do what we can protect it. I believe a small step can make a . Try to drive less and choose airfriendly products. Only when everyone the environmental awareness can we have a blue sky. Hope to hear from you and share good ideas.‎ 难项分析：‎ 第三处：去掉a　考查冠词。weather是不可数名词，不能和不定冠词搭配。故去掉a。‎ 第七处：protect前加to　考查非谓语动词。句意：所以我们应该尽我们所能去保护它。此处用动词不定式作目的状语。故在protect前加to。‎ 第八处：different→difference　考查固定搭配。make a difference为固定搭配，意为“有影响，起作用”。‎ ‎***‎ ‎ ‎ 8‎