步步高2017高考英语一轮复习Unit4Earthquakes素材新人教版必修 14页

Unit 4　Earthquakes 话题词汇 ‎1．earthquake n．地震 ‎2．fire n．火灾 ‎3．flood n．洪水 ‎4．burn v．燃烧 ‎5．destroy v．破坏 ‎6．rescue v．援救 ‎7．survive v．幸存 ‎8．die out灭绝 ‎9．lead to/contribute to导致 ‎10．in harmony with nature与自然和谐相处 经典语篇(2011·福建)‎ 为纪念汶川大地震三周年，某英文报发起关于灾区新貌的征文活动。请根据以下图片提示，以“Great Changes”为题，用英语写一篇短文应征。内容要点如下：‎ ‎1．某中学灾后三年来的变化，如教学与活动场所，以及师生精神面貌等；‎ ‎2．发生变化的原因；‎ ‎3．你的感想。‎ 注意：1.短文标题与开头已给出，不计入总词数；‎ ‎2．可根据图片提示适当发挥；‎ ‎3．词数120左右。‎ Great Changes I am deeply impressed by the great changes that have taken place in the school over the past three years. ‎ ‎ ‎ 佳作欣赏 Great Changes I am deeply impressed by the great changes that have taken place in the school over the past three years.‎ On May 12,2008，a severe earthquake destroyed almost everything in the school，leaving badlydamaged buildings.① It is now，however，taking on a new look.Tall buildings have been put up，including classrooms and laboratory buildings，and a library.There is also a newlybuilt standard playground.In the new environment，teachers and students are living happily and working hard.It is really amazing that the onceruined place has now been turned into a beautiful school，full of life.②‎ Obviously，without the help of the whole society，there would be no new school today.③It is love and concern that have brought about the great changes.④ Many hands make light work.We can work wonders if we unite as a family, caring for each other and helping those in need.Union is strength.‎ 思维发散 ‎1．仿照第①句用现在分词短语作结果状语完成句子 体育馆的建设引起了很大的噪音，这使附近的人们很难入睡。‎ The construction of the gym caused much noise，making it difficult for people nearby to sleep.‎ ‎2．用what引导的主语从句改写第②句 What is really amazing is that the onceruined place has now been turned into a beautiful school，full of life.‎ ‎3．将第③句中的without the help of the whole society改为if条件句 if it had not been for the help of the whole society ‎4．仿照第④句用It is/was...that...翻译句子 只有在他得到了他想要的以后，他才意识到这些并不是那么的重要。(2015·河北衡水中学期中)‎ It was after he got what he had desired that he realized it was not so important.‎ Ⅰ.重点单词 A．写作单词 ‎1．burst (vi.)爆裂；爆发；(n.)突然破裂；爆发 ‎2．ruin (n.)废墟；毁灭；(vt.)毁灭；使破产 ‎3．injure (vt.)损害；伤害 ‎4．destroy (vt.)毁坏；破坏；消灭 ‎5．shock (n.)休克；震惊；打击；(vt. & vi.)(使)震惊；震动 ‎6．trap (vt.)使陷入困境；(n.)陷阱；困境 ‎7．bury (vt.)埋葬；掩埋；隐藏 ‎8．reporter (n.)记者 ‎9．congratulation (n.)祝贺；(pl.)贺词 ‎10．judge (n.)裁判员；法官；(vt.)断定；判断；判决 ‎11．million (n.)百万 ‎12．event (n.)事件；大事 ‎13．earthquake (n.)地震 quake (n.)地震；震动 B．阅读单词 ‎14．suffering (n.)苦难；痛苦 ‎15．extreme (adj.)极度的 ‎16．rescue (vt.‎& n．)救援；营救 ‎17．disaster (n.)灾难；灾祸 ‎18．shelter (n.)遮蔽处；避身处；掩蔽 ‎19．bar (n.)条；棒；条状物 ‎20．damage (n.& vt.)损失；损害 ‎21．sincerely (adv.)真诚地；真挚地 ‎22．express (vt.)表达；表示；(n.)快车；速递 ‎23．outline (n.)要点；大纲；轮廓 ‎24．well (n.)井 ‎25．pipe (n.)管；导管 ‎26．nation (n.)民族；国家；国民 ‎27．canal (n.)运河；水道 ‎28．steam (n.)蒸汽；水汽 ‎29．brick (n.)砖；砖块 ‎30．dam (n.)水坝 ‎31．track (n.)轨道；足迹；痕迹 ‎32．electricity (n.)电；电流；电学 ‎33．title (n.)标题；头衔；资格 ‎34．headline (n.)报刊的大字标题 ‎35．useless (adj.)无用的；无效的；无益的 useful (adj.)有用的 ‎36．frighten (vt.)使惊吓；吓唬 frightened (adj.)受惊的；受恐吓的 frightening (adj.)令人恐惧的 Ⅱ.重点短语 ‎1．right away立刻；马上 ‎2．think little of不重视 ‎3．as if好像；仿佛 ‎4．at an end结束，终结 ‎5．in ruins严重受损；破败不堪 ‎6．a (great) number of许多；大量的 ‎7．dig out掘出；发现 ‎8．be proud of/take pride in因……而自豪 ‎ Ⅲ.经典句式 ‎1．In the farmyards，the chickens and even the pigs were too nervous to eat.‎ 在农家大院里，鸡甚至猪都紧张得不吃食了。‎ ‎2．It seemed as if the world was at an end!‎ 仿佛到了世界末日！‎ ‎3．Thousands of families were killed and many children were left without parents.‎ 成千上万个家庭遇难，许多孩子变成了孤儿。‎ ‎4．All hope was not lost.‎ 不是所有的希望都破灭了。‎ ‎5．The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.‎ 部队人员组成小分队，将受困的人们挖出来，将死者掩埋。‎ Ⅳ.课文语法填空 Several days before July 28,1976，many strange things happened in Tangshan.The water in the village wells rose 1.and fell.The water pipes in some buildings cracked and burst.2.They were signs for the earthquake.But people in the city didn’t think much 3.of these.At 3：42 am that day，the earth began to shake，4.which destroyed the city.Many people,5.including(include) workers and doctors，came to rescue those 6.trapped(trap) under the ruins.7.Later(late) that afternoon，another big quake struck Tangshan.More people 8.were killed(kill) or injured and 9.more(many) buildings fell down.Soldiers were called in to help the rescue workers.Teams were organized to dig out 10.the trapped and to bury the dead.‎ ‎1. burst v.爆裂；爆发；n.突然破裂；爆发 burst in/into突然闯进；破门而入 burst out突然迸发；爆发；突然激动地喊叫 burst out doing...＝burst into＋n.突然做某事 burst with anger/joy勃然大怒/乐不可支 ‎(1)The police burst in and arrested the thief.‎ 警察突然闯进房间，逮捕了小偷。‎ ‎(2)Much to my surprise，she burst into tears the instant she read the letter.‎ 让我吃惊的是，她一读到这封信，就突然大哭起来。(2015·河南方城一中月考)‎ 多维训练 ‎(1)完成句子 ‎①他恼羞成怒，都要气炸了。‎ He felt he would burst with anger and shame.‎ ‎②当校车抵达动物园时，汽车的门突然打开，孩子们冲了出去。‎ When the school bus arrived at the zoo，the bus door burst open and all the children rushed out.‎ ‎(2)同义句改写 Hearing the interesting story，all the people present burst into laughter.‎ Hearing the interesting story，all the people present burst out laughing.(2015·天津耀华中学高三期末)‎ ‎2. ruin v.毁坏；使破产；n.毁坏；破产；废墟 (1)ruin oneself毁掉自己 (2)in ruins严重受损；破败不堪 fall/come into ruin逐渐破碎 bring...to ruin使……失败；使……毁坏 ‎(1)The bad weather has ruined all my pleasure for the holiday.‎ 糟糕的天气毁掉了我度假的好心情。‎ ‎(2)A large number of churches fell into ruin after the revolution.‎ 革命过后，许多教堂都毁了。‎ ‎(3)A village once so attractive was brought to ruin.‎ 一个曾经那么美好的一个村庄被毁掉了。‎ 多维训练 ‎(1)单句语法填空 ‎①Years of fighting has left Iraq ruined(ruin)．‎ ‎②It rained for two weeks on end，completely ruining(ruin) our holiday.‎ ‎③This country was once proud of its education system.Now it seems to be in ruins.‎ ‎④Shortly after suffering from a massive earthquake and being reduced to ruins (ruin)，the city took on a new look.‎ ‎(2)单句改错 ‎①The castle has fallen into ruins.ruins→ruin ‎②After he was dead，his body would ruin it in twelve months.it→itself ‎3. bury v.埋葬；埋藏；使陷入；沉浸；覆盖(cover)；掩藏(hide) ‎[应试指导]　非谓语动词句法功能的考查 bury sth.in...把某物埋在……‎ bury oneself in埋头于，专心于 ‎ be buried in专心于 ‎(1)The paper was buried under a pile of books.‎ 那份文件被埋在书堆下。‎ ‎(2)She sat there，buried in thought.‎ 她坐在那儿，陷入了沉思。 ‎ 多维训练 ‎(1)用bury的正确形式填空 ‎①He walked slowly，his hand buried in his pocket.‎ ‎②The girl was sitting on the bench in the park，burying her head in the book in her hands.‎ ‎③They think she was buried in the desert，along with a few others.‎ ‎(2)同义句改写 Because she buried herself in the film，she didn’t know it was snowing outside.‎ ‎①Burying herself in the film，she didn’t know it was snowing outside.(用现在分词短语作状语改写)‎ ‎②Buried in the film，she didn’t know it was snowing outside.(用过去分词短语作状语改写)‎ ‎4. congratulation n.祝贺；(复数)贺词 ‎[应试指导]　交际用语中的用法 (1)congratulations (to sb.) on sth.就……(向某人)祝贺 Congratulations！祝贺你！(口语) (2)congratulate vt.祝贺，向……道喜 congratulate sb.on sth.为某事向某人祝贺 ‎(1)Congratulations on your happy marriage!‎ 祝贺你喜结良缘！‎ ‎(2)You can congratulate yourself on having done a good job.‎ 你的工作做得很出色，你应该感到自豪。‎ ‎[特别提醒]‎ ‎(1)congratulation用作祝贺语时，通常用复数形式；作为“祝贺”这一抽象意义时，通常用单数形式。‎ ‎(2)congratulate后不接带不定式的复合结构或that从句。‎ 多维训练 ‎(1)单句语法填空 ‎①—I got that job I wanted at the public library.‎ ‎—Congratulations(congratulate)! That’s good news.‎ ‎②I congratulate myself(I) on having chosen a good woman to be my wife.‎ ‎(2)单句改错 ‎①I congratulated him his success sincerely.his前加on ‎②Thank you for your letter conveying congratulation on my ‎ appointment.congratulation→congratulations ‎5. at an end 结束；终结 at the end of在……尽头；在……末端 by the end of到……结束时；到……时候为止 in the end最后；终于 come to an end结束 put/bring...to an end结束……‎ put an end to结束……；终结……‎ ‎(1)The long hot summer was at last at an end.‎ 漫长的酷暑终于过去了。‎ ‎(2)The project is due to be finished by the end of this week.‎ 这个项目将在本周结束时完成。‎ ‎(3)I’m sure things will turn out fine in the end.‎ 我确信事情最终会变好的。‎ 多维训练 ‎(1)同义句改写 The meeting was at an end.‎ ‎①The meeting came to an end.(come)‎ ‎②We brought the meeting to an end.(bring)‎ ‎③We put an end to the meeting./We put the meeting to an end.(put)‎ ‎(2)单句改错 You should add your name in the end of report.in→at ‎6. a great number of许多；大量的 表示“许多；大量”的词语可分为以下几类：‎ ‎(1)‎ ＋可数名词复数 ‎ ‎(2)‎ ＋不可数名词 ‎(3)‎ ＋可数名词复数或不可数名词 ‎(4)‎ ＋单数可数名词＋单数谓语动词 ‎(1)I gave away a great number of books to the children there.‎ 我向那儿的孩子捐献了许多书。‎ ‎(2)Large quantities of food and vegetables are sent to southern China where people have been suffering from snow storms since midJanuary.‎ 大量的食物和蔬菜被送往中国南方，那里人们从一月中旬就一直遭受暴风雪。‎ ‎[特别提醒]‎ ‎(1)a number of＋名词作主语，谓语动词用复数，表示“许多；大量”。‎ ‎(2)the number of＋名词作主语，谓语动词用单数，表示“……的数量”。‎ ‎(3)large quantities of＋名词作主语，谓语动词用复数。‎ ‎(4)large amounts of＋不可数名词作主语，谓语动词用复数。‎ 多维训练 ‎(1)单句语法填空 ‎①Large quantities of land in the area have been reserved(reserve) for national parks these years，which are(be) now home to bears，wolves，and other wild animals.‎ ‎②The number of books stolen from the library is (be) large.‎ ‎③A large number of books have been stolen(steal) from the library so far.‎ ‎(2)单句改错 ‎①More than one doctor were involved in the rescue that took place after the earthquake.were→was ‎②One survey shows that large amounts of water is wasted every year in China，and that one third is available to be saved.(2015·陕西高考压轴卷)‎ 第一个is→are ‎7. injure v.损害；伤害；损坏(名誉)；伤害(感情) 多维训练 用injure的正确形式填空 ‎(1)The driver of the car received serious injuries to the legs and arms.‎ ‎(2)The young woman entered the pool where an injured dolphin was swimming.‎ ‎(3)She injured herself while skating last week.‎ ‎(4)A bottle of acid flew into the streets，injuring 24 people.‎ ‎8. shock v.(使)震惊；震动；n.休克；打击；震惊 ‎ 多维训练 ‎(1)单句语法填空 ‎①The news that the two popular stars took drugs together illegally was a shock to their fans.‎ ‎②The news came as a shocking (shock) blow.‎ ‎③We were shocked(shock) to see smoke pouring out of the roof.‎ ‎(2)同义句改写 It shocked me to see how my neighbors treated their children.‎ ‎①What shocked me was to see how my neighbors treated their children.(用what引导的主语从句改写)‎ ‎②It was a shock to see how my neighbors treated their children.(用shock n．改写)‎ ‎9. trap n.夹子；陷阱；困境；圈套；v.把……困在，使陷于；使落网 多维训练 ‎(1)单句语法填空 ‎①Were you just trying to trap her into making a mistaken decision?‎ ‎②Her mother Donna was trapped(trap) in the destroyed building.‎ ‎③Mary set a trap for Peter and he really fell into it.‎ ‎(2)同义句改写 He was trapped in a traffic jam，so he had to be patient，waiting.(用过去分词短语作状语改写)‎ Trapped in a traffic jam，he had to be patient，waiting.‎ ‎10. In the farmyards，the chickens and even the pigs were too nervous to eat.,在农家大院里，鸡甚至猪都紧张得不吃食了。‎ 句型公式：too...to...‎ ‎(1)too...to...太……而不能……‎ ‎(2)too...to...与not或never连用时，意为“无论……也不过分，越……越好”。‎ cannot be too...再……也不过分 ‎(3)only/just/but too...to...非常……去做(too前的only，just，but不仅没有否定意义，反而加重了too的肯定语气)‎ ‎(4)too ready/easy/eager/willing/anxious/happy...to...句型表示肯定，作“过于、太会……”解。‎ ‎(5)too...not to...表示肯定，含义是“非常……必定能；太……不会不……”。‎ ‎(1)That’s the new machine whose parts are too small to be seen.‎ 那就是那台零部件小得几乎看不见的新机器。‎ ‎(2)I’ll be only too pleased to be able to do the job for you.‎ 我能为您效劳，真是十分高兴。‎ 多维训练 翻译句子 ‎(1)One is never too old to learn.‎ 活到老学到老。‎ ‎(2)You cannot be too careful.‎ 小心无过火。/你再小心也不为过。/你越小心越好。‎ ‎(3)She is too ready to get angry.‎ 她动不动就生气。‎ ‎(4)Mary is too wise not to know it.‎ 玛丽很聪明，不会不懂的。‎ ‎11. All hope was not lost.不是所有的希望都破灭了。‎ 句型公式：部分否定 all...not＝not all...部分否定，也称半否定。‎ 具有总括意义的代词(each，everybody，everything，all，both等)、形容词(complete，whole等)和副词(completely，always，wholly，altogether等)与否定词not连用，构成部分否定，表示“不都；并非都”。而no，none，never，nobody，neither，nothing，no more，no longer等表示否定意义的词与谓语一起使用构成了全部否定。‎ ‎(1)Everything is not right.‎ 并非什么都好。‎ ‎(2)Nothing can change her mind.‎ 没有什么能改变她的想法。‎ 多维训练 把下列半否定的句子改为全否定 ‎(1)Not everything she did pleased him.‎ Nothing she did pleased him.‎ ‎(2)Both of them are not my brothers.‎ Neither of them is my brother.‎ ‎(3)I do not remember all the details.‎ I remember none of the details.‎ ‎(4)She is not always excited.‎ She is never excited.‎ Ⅰ.语境填词 ‎1．One of the most important factors that influenced their satisfaction as volunteers was the amount of suffering(痛苦) they experienced in their volunteer positions.(2015·江苏)‎ ‎2．I learned that shouting and threats of punishment would result in a disaster(灾难)．(2014·湖北)‎ ‎3．Good neighbors are a lot like electricity(电) or running water：we don’t know how much we depend on them until we don’t have them.(2014·浙江)‎ ‎4．I had a tour of the prison before Mom rescued(营救) me.(2014·四川)‎ ‎5．I sincerely(真诚地) wish you a pleasant time with us.(2014·陕西)‎ Ⅱ.单句语法填空 ‎1．We’ve lit up the night as if it were(be) an unoccupied country，when nothing could be further from the truth.(2015·浙江)‎ ‎2．Humans are no less trapped(trap) by light pollution than the frogs.(2015·浙江)‎ ‎3．When I handed him the gift card，saying he could use it for whatever his family might need，he burst into tears.(2015·全国Ⅰ)‎ ‎4．By now paramedics(急救人员) had arrived，and were attending to the injured(injure) woman.(2014·福建)‎ ‎5．When deeply absorbed in work，which/as he often was，he would forget all about eating or sleeping.(2012·北京)‎ ‎6．A number of paintings in this castle are believed(believe) to have been destroyed in a fire in 2009.(2011·湖北)‎ ‎7．The document was discovered buried(bury) in the university archives(档案) by parttime history student Lis Smith.(2012·湖北)‎ ‎8．To see policemen with guns in the airport for the first time was frightening(frighten)．(2012·湖北)‎ ‎9．To learn(learn) more about Chinese culture，Jack has decided to take Chinese folk music as an elective course.(2015·福建)‎ ‎10．I was wrapped(包裹) heavily and well sheltered from the freezing and blowing weather.(2014·四川)‎ Ⅲ.短语填空 ‎1．The thing is，a number of them have admitted that despite their success，they aren’t happy.(2015·浙江)‎ ‎2．In order to impress at a job interview，you need to bond with the interviewer right away.(2015·安徽)‎ ‎3．Keep your phone on silent as if you were in a lecture and exit the library if you need to receive calls.(2013·天津)‎ ‎4．As soon as you hear it，you know the meeting is at an end.(2012·广东)‎ ‎5．Mailboxes might be buried in the snow，or broken，or lying on the ground，but the mail was always delivered.(2012·浙江)‎ ‎6．We should avoid judging people by their appearances.(2010·重庆)‎ Ⅳ.完成句子 ‎1．细嚼慢咽的人往往比那些狼吞虎咽的人每餐少摄入70卡路里能量。‎ People who eat slowly tend to consume about 70 fewer calories per meal than those who rush through their meals.(2015·全国Ⅱ)‎ ‎2．他们仍然很害羞，不能做有经验的狒狒所做的事。‎ They were still too shy to do what the experienced baboon did.(2014·湖北)‎ ‎3．杰克什么也没说，但是老师朝着他笑，就好像他做了非常明智的事情一样。‎ Jack wasn’t saying anything，but the teacher smiled at him as if he had done something very clever.(2011·湖南)‎ ‎4．不是所有的鸽子都能找到回家的路。‎ Not all pigeons can find their way home.(2010·江苏)‎ ‎5．数字意识好像是我们和地球上许多动物共有的东西。‎ It seems that number sense is something we have in common with many animals in this world.(2013·广东)‎ 写作素材(关于地震)‎ ‎1．这座城市发生了地震。‎ ‎2．突然，世界好像到了末日。‎ ‎3．几秒钟之内城市被毁。‎ ‎4．管道裂开了，电也停了，大量建筑物变为废墟。‎ ‎5．人们有的受伤，有的被埋。‎ 提示：黑体部分用本单元词汇表达，并且请使用as if引导的方式状语从句。‎ 连句成篇(将以上句子连成一篇50词左右的英语短文)‎ An earthquake happened in the city.Suddenly，it seemed as if the world was at an end.The city was destroyed in seconds.Pipes burst and electricity went out.A great number of buildings lay in ruins and people were injured or buried.‎