2020届一轮复习人教版选修八Unit1学案设计（39页word版） 39页

‎2020届一轮复习人教版选修八Unit1学案设计 话题素材——多元文化 好词 ‎1.racen. 种族 ‎2.racism n. 种族歧视 ‎3.expand vi. 扩展 ‎4.immigrantn. 移民 ‎5.religion n. 宗教 ‎6.be divided into...被分成……‎ ‎7.culture shock 文化冲击 ‎8.crowd into 涌入 ‎9.make a fortune 发财 ‎10.way of life 生活方式 ‎11.cultural symbols 文化标志 ‎12.settle down 定居 ‎13.cultural background 文化背景 ‎14.own a diverse culture 拥有多元文化 ‎15.be rich in natural resources 自然资源丰富 佳句 ‎1.Race has_always_been_a_hot_button in this country's history.‎ 种族一直是这个国家历史上争论不休的问题。‎ ‎2.I've_been_longing_to go to America, mainly for two reasons. One is that I can experience American culture, which_is_believed to be the most diverse in the world. The other is that I can broaden_my_horizons in this developed country.‎ 我一直盼望去美国，主要有两个原因。其一是我能够体验美国文化，它被认为是世界上最多样化的。其二是我能够在这个发达国家开拓视野。‎ ‎3.The history of the early immigrants makes_us_thankful_for our life today.‎ 早期移民者的历史使我们感恩今天的生活。‎ ‎[精美语篇]‎ In 1848， gold was discovered in California. The dream of becoming rich attracted the Chinese. However， few achieved their dream. The majority still chose to remain in California to make a life despite great hardship. Their cells were cold and damp， but they had nowhere to go. Their miserable life seemed to be punishment rather than justice. They wrote poems to mourn their former life in China. In the meanwhile， they applied for right to live in the USA， but it was not until the civil authorities reformed the system that they were able to grasp the opportunity. The customs and languages live on in their new home.‎ Today， a large percentage of Chinese-Americans live in the ‎ Chinatowns， still keeping up their Chinese culture. The history of the early immigrants makes us thankful for our life today.‎ 高频单词 ‎1．means (n.) 方法；手段→meaning (n.) 意思→mean (v.) 打算；意味→meaningful (adj.) 有意义 的 ‎2．boom (n.) (人口、贸易的)繁荣 (vi.) 处于迅速发展时期 ‎3．majority (n.) 大多数；大半→major (adj.) 主要的 (v.) 主修→minority (n.) (反义词) 少数；少 数民族→minor (adj.) 较小的；次要的 ‎4．distinct (adj.) 清晰的；明显的；明确的→distinction (n.) 差别；区分；卓著 ‎5．indicate (vt.) 指出；标示；表明；暗示→indication (n.) 象征；标示；表明；暗示 ‎6．racial (adj.) 人种的；种族的→race (n.) 种族；比赛→racism (n.) 种族主义；种族歧视 ‎7．elect (vt.) 选择；决定做某事；选举某人→election (n.) 选举 ‎8．appear (v.) 看上去；出现→apparent (adj.) 显而易见的；显然的；表面上的→apparently (adv.) 显 然地；显而易见地 ‎9．applicant (n.) 申请人→apply (vi.) 申请→application (n.) 申请书；申请 ‎10．society (n.) 社会→social (adj.) 社会的→socialism (n.) 社会主义→socialist (n.) 社会主义者 ‎11．punish (vt.) 惩罚→punishment (n.) 惩罚 ‎12．occur (vi.) 发生；出现→occurence (n.) 事件；发生的事→occurred (过去式/过去分词)‎ ‎13．luggage (n.) 行李→(近义词)baggage (n.) 行李；超重行李 ‎14．hire (vt.&n.)租用；雇用→(反义词)fire (vt.) 解雇 ‎15．customs (n.) 海关；关税；进口税→custom (n.) 风俗；习惯 →customer (n.) 顾客；主顾 ‎16．slip (vi.) 滑动；滑行；滑跤 (n.) 滑动；滑倒→slipper (n.) 拖鞋→slippery (adj.) 滑的 重点短语 ‎1．by_means_of 用……方法；借助……‎ ‎2．keep_up 坚持；维持；沿袭(风俗、传统等)‎ ‎3．team_up_with 与……合作或一起工作 ‎4．take_in 包括；吸收 ‎5．live_on 继续存在 ‎6．make_a_life 习惯于新的生活方式、工作等 ‎7．apply_for 申请；请示得到 ‎8．back_to_back 背靠背 ‎9．mark_out 画线；标出……界线 ‎10．a_great_many 许多 热点句型 ‎1．it is likely that...“很可能……”‎ However, it_is_likely_that (很可能)Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago.(教材 P2)‎ ‎2．why 引导的表语从句，表示“……的原因”‎ That_is_why(那就是为什么)today over 40% of Californians speak Spanish as a first or second language.(教材 P2)‎ ‎3．过去分词作原因状语 People from different parts of the world, attracted_by (被吸引)the climate and the lifestyle, still immigrate to California. (教材 P3)‎ ‎4．名词性从句作介词的宾语 Exactly when the first people arrived in what_we_now_know_as (我们现在称之为) California, no one really knows.(教材 P2)‎ ‎5．it 作形式主语的主语从句 It_is_believed_that (人们认为)before long the mix of nationalities will be so great that there will be no distinct major racial or cultural groups, but simply a mixture of many races and cultures. (教材 P3)‎ 巩固训练 在空白处填入适当的内容(1 个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ ‎1．It also has the distinction of being the most multicultural state in the USA, ________ (attract) people from all over the world.‎ 答案：having attracted ‎2．The customs and languages of the immigrants live ________ in their new home.‎ 答案：on ‎3．________ the 1920s the film industry was well established in Holleywood, California.‎ 答案：By ‎4．The dream of ________ (become) rich quickly attracted people ________ all over the world.‎ 答案：becoming; from ‎5．Scientists believe that these settlers crossed the Bering Strait in the Arctic to America by means ‎________ a land bridge.‎ 答案：of ‎6．In addition, many died from the diseases ________ (bring) by the Europeans.‎ 答案：brought ‎7．In the 18th century California ________ (rule) by Spain.‎ 答案：was ruled ‎8．In 1911 immigrants from Denmark established a town of their own, which today still keep________ their Danish culture.‎ 答案：up ‎9．It's a 79 km round-trip that takes ________ all the famous tourist ‎ spots.‎ 答案：in ‎10．From 1882 to 1940 Angel Island was a famous immigration station ________ many Chinese people applied for right to live in USA.‎ 答案：where ‎1 means n．手段；方法(单复数同形)‎ Scientists believe that these settlers crossed the Bering Strait in the Arctic to America by means of a land bridge which existed in prehistoric times.(P2)‎ 科学家们认为这些迁居者通过一条史前时期曾经存在的大陆桥穿越北极地区的白令海峡到达美洲。‎ 归纳拓展 by this means 用这种方法 by means of 用……办法；借助……‎ by no means＝in no way＝in no case＝on no account＝at no time 决不；一点也不(放在句首时，句子用倒装语序)‎ by all means (用于交际英语表示同意)当然可以；没问题 a_means_of communication 一种通讯/交流工具 名师点睛 means 用作“方式；方法”讲时单复数同形。若 all/some/several/many means 作主语，谓语动词用复数形式。若 every/each/one/a means ‎ 作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。‎ 语境助记 ‎①In other words, English weather-speak is a_means_of social bonding.‎ 换句话说，英国谈论天气是一种社交联系的方式。‎ ‎②Every possible means has_been_tried,_but none has worked.‎ ‎→All possible means have_been_tried,_but none has worked.‎ 各种可能的办法都尝试了，但没有一种奏效。‎ ‎③—Can I come and have a look at your new house？—Yes, by_all_means!‎ ‎——我可以来看看你的新房子吗？——可以，没问题！‎ ‎④Only by_this_means can you work out the problem.‎ 只有用这种方法你才能解出这道题。‎ ‎⑤By_no_means is the problem as simple as we first thought.‎ 问题决不像我们当初想象的那么单纯。‎ 易混辨析 means 表示“方法；手段；工具”，常与介词 by 搭配method指做某事的具体步骤或程序，也指系统的、抽象的原理，常与介词 of 搭配way 是最通用的词，本意是“通路”，引申作“方式；方法”讲，含义很广。‎ 常与介词 in 搭配 approach 也有“方法；步骤；途径”的意思。它侧重指待人接物或思考问题的方 式，常与介词 to 搭配 语境助记 ‎⑥I like her approach to the problem.‎ 我喜欢她解决这个问题的方法。‎ ‎⑦We express ourselves by means of speech.‎ 我们通过语言来表达思想。‎ ‎⑧Mr Su adopted a new method of teaching.‎ 苏老师采用了一种新的教学方法。‎ ‎⑨Animals communicate in various ways.‎ 动物用各种不同的方式交流。‎ ‎2 majority n．大多数；大半 Of the first Spanish to go to California, the majority were religious men, whose ministry was to teach the Catholic religion to the natives. (P2)‎ 在首批移居加州的西班牙人中，大部分是宗教人士，他们的职责是向原居住居民传授天主教。‎ 归纳拓展 ‎(1)a/the majority of...＝most of...大多数 be_in_ a/the majority 构成大多数/大部分 ‎(2)majoradj.主要的 vi.专修；主攻 ‎(3)major in 主修……‎ ‎(4)minorityn．少数；少数派/人 ‎(5)the majority 和 the minority 单独用作主语时，若强调整体，谓语动词用单数形式；若强调个体，‎ 谓语动词则用复数形式；但其后表语是复数时，谓语动词通常也要用复数。‎ ‎(6)“the/a majority of＋名词”用作主语，其谓语动词的数应与名词的数保持一致。‎ 语境助记 ‎①[2016·天 津 高 考 ]The_majority_of them take an online language test before starting their programme.‎ 他们大多数人在开始上课前要进行网上语言测试。‎ ‎②[2016·全国卷Ⅰ]The_majority thought it was a trend.‎ 大多数人认为它是一种趋势。‎ ‎③At the meeting, young people were in_the_majority.‎ 在会上，年轻人占大多数。‎ ‎④What subject did you major_in when you were in university?‎ 你在大学主修什么科目？‎ ‎3 occur vi.发生；出现 It didn't occur to me that...(P5)‎ 我没有想到……‎ 归纳拓展 sth. occurs to sb. 某人突然想起某事 It occurs to/strikes/hits sb. that... 某人突然想起……‎ It occurs to sb. to do sth. 某人突然想起做某事 语境助记 ‎①[2016·江苏高考]Years ago, a critical event occurred_in in my life that would change it forever.‎ 数年之前，发生了一件永远改变我生活的重要事件。‎ ‎②The crash occurred only minutes after the plane took off.‎ 空难在飞机起飞几分钟后就发生了。‎ ‎③It_occurred_to/struck/hit me to visit my parents.‎ 我突然想去探望父母。‎ ‎4 indicate vt.指出；标示；表明；暗示 Try to use the expressions above to indicate that you are listening carefully to your partner.(P7)‎ 试着用以上表达来表明你在认真倾听你的搭档的话。‎ 归纳拓展 ‎(1)indicate sth. to sb. 向某人指出某物 indicate that... 示意；表明……‎ as...indicate 正如……所示 ‎(2)indicationn. 指示；象征；预示 There is no indication that... 无迹象表明……‎ There are some indications that... 有迹象表明……‎ 语境助记 ‎①[2016·江苏高考]Michael Tomasello's tests on young children indicate_that they have the instinct to help others.‎ 迈克尔·托马塞洛的关于小孩的实验表明他们具有帮助他人的本性。‎ ‎②A red sky at night often indicates fine weather the next day.‎ 夜空呈红色往往预兆第二天天气晴朗。‎ ‎③As_is_indicated_in_the_survey,_more and more people choose to travel abroad.‎ 调查显示，越来越多的人选择出国旅游。‎ ‎④[牛津词典]They gave no_indication of how the work should be done.‎ 他们根本没说明这项工作该怎么做。‎ ‎⑤There are clear indications that the economy is improving.‎ 有明显的迹象显示经济正在改善。‎ 过关演练 单句语法填空 在空白处填入适当的内容(1 个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ ‎1．Let's assume that historical buildings are both attractive and important to the ________ (major) of people.‎ 答案：majority 考查词性转换。句意：让我们假设历史建筑对大多数人而言既有吸引力又重要。‎ the majority of...“大多数……”。‎ ‎2．I have such a good command of English that I ________ (elect) as assistant to my English teacher.‎ 答案：am elected 考查被动语态。主语 I 与 elect 之间为被动关系，故应用被动语态。‎ ‎3．She ________ (slip) out of the house before the others were awake.‎ 答案：slipped 考查动词时态。句意：她趁别人还没醒，溜出了房子。由空格后的提示词 were可知，应用一般过去时。‎ ‎4．People suffered many ________ (hardship) during that long winter.‎ 答案：hardships 考查名词复数。句意：在那个漫长的冬天，人们遭受了许多苦难。根据空格前的 many 可知，应填名词复数形式。‎ ‎5．________ (apparent), she took no notice of the mistakes in the accident.‎ 答案：Apparently 考查副词。apparently 意为“明显地”。‎ ‎6．Progress ________ (indicate) a person's ability to change the way he is living at the moment.‎ 答案：indicates 考查主谓一致。句意：进步表明了一个人改变当前生活方式的一种能力。主语 Progress 为不可数名词，故谓语用第三人称单数。indicate“指出；表明”。‎ ‎7．Along with your wonderful innovation, you need to hand in a report, explaining how the idea occurs ________ you and what materials you use.‎ 答案：to 考查固定结构。sth. occurs to sb. “某人突然想起某事”。‎ ‎8．It was once common to regard Britain as a society with class ________ (distinct)．‎ 答案：distinctions 考查词性转换。class distinctions 意为“阶级差别”。‎ ‎9．________ (hire) a car you must produce a passport and a current driving license.‎ 答案：To hire 考查不定式作状语。句意：若想租车，你需要出示护照及当前驾照。此处不定式作目的状语。‎ ‎10．All the ________ can ________ in person or by letter and at the same time should hand in their________ before May 6th. (apply)‎ 答案：applicants; apply; application 考查词性转换。句意：所有申请人都可以通过个人或书信进 行申请，并且同时要在 5 月 6 日前递交申请书。applicant 名词“申请人”；apply 动词“申请”；application名词“申请(书)”。‎ ‎1 make a life 习惯于新的生活方式、工作等 Some died or returned home, but most remained in California to make a life for themselves despite great hardship.(P2)‎ 有些人死了或回家了，但是尽管条件十分艰苦，多数人仍然留在了加利福尼亚劳作。‎ 归纳拓展 ‎(1)come to life 苏醒；变得活跃 live/lead a．..life 过着……生活 come back to life 苏醒过来；恢复生气 bring...back to life 使……苏醒过来；给……活力 ‎(2)make/earn a/one's living 谋生 ‎(3)make it 成功；到达某地 语境助记 ‎①They settled down in Canada and make_a_life for themselves.‎ 第 10 页 共 10 页 他们在加拿大定居下来，习惯新的生活方式。‎ ‎②To our great joy, he came_to_life soon.‎ 令我们高兴的是，他很快苏醒了。‎ ‎③The unemployed usually lead_a_hard_life.‎ 失业的人生活一般很困难。‎ 图解助记 ‎2 a great many 很多；许多(修饰可数名词)‎ Saw some interesting temples here, a number of markets and a great many restaurants.(P8)‎ 参观了这里的一些有趣的寺庙，不少的集贸市场和许多餐馆。‎ 归纳拓展 ‎(1)many ü a great/good many a good/large number of ‎＋可数名词的复数 ‎＋复数谓语 ‎(2)much ü a good/great deal of a large amount of ‎＋不可数名词＋单数谓语 ‎(3)a mass of ïü a quantity of ‎＋可数名词的复数/不可数名词 ‎＋单数谓语 ‎(4)îïquantities ofïü masses of ‎＋不可数名词/可数名词的复数＋‎ 复数谓语 语境助记 ‎①A_great_many students like music and sports.‎ 很多学生都喜欢音乐和体育活动。‎ ‎②It seems that a_great_many of them are out of work now.似乎他们中的许多人现在失业了。‎ ‎3 take in 包括；领会；理解；欺骗；收留；收养；吸收 It's a 79 km round-trip that takes in all the famous tourist spots.(P8)‎ 这是一次往返 79 公里的旅行，它涵盖了所有著名的旅游景点。‎ 归纳拓展 take apart 拆开；剖析；抨击(论点等)‎ take back 取回；带回；使……回忆起昔日 take care of 照料；保管 take down 拿下；取下；拆卸；记下 take it_easy 别紧张；慢慢来 take over 继承；接收；接管 take off 脱下(衣服等)；起飞；大获成功 take on 承担；呈现 take one's place 入座；代替某人的位置 take one's time 不急；慢慢干 take up 开始从事；占用(时间或空间)；着手处理；拿起；继续 语境助记 ‎①He was homeless, so we took_him_in.‎ 他无家可归，我们便收留了他。‎ ‎②Don't be_taken_in by his charm—he's ruthless.‎ 不要被他那迷人的风度所蒙蔽；其实他冷酷无情。‎ ‎③Peter will take_up his post as the head of the travel agency at the end of next month.‎ 在下个月末彼得将开始担任旅行社领导的职位。‎ ‎④写出下列句中 take in 的含义 a．The price takes in the cost of all the accommodation and food.包括 b．Brett's always taking in stray ainimals.收养 c．Don't be taken in by products promising to make you lose weight quickly.欺骗 d．I found it easy to take in what the professor had said.理解 e．It is said that black takes in more heat than white.吸收 ‎4 apply for 申请 From 1882 to 1940 Angel Island was a famous immigration station where many Chinese people applied for right to live in USA.(P8)‎ 从 1882 至 1940 年，天使岛成了一个有名的移民站，许多中国人在那里申请美国居住权。‎ 归纳拓展 ‎(1)apply to sb. for sth.向某人申请……‎ apply to 适用于……；运用于……‎ apply sth. to...把……运用于……‎ apply oneself to 致力于……；集中精力做……‎ ‎(2)applicationn．申请书 applicantn．申请人 语境助记 ‎①[2016·天津高考]The solution is obvious though perhaps not easy to_apply:_always handle the most difficult job first.‎ 尽管也许不是很容易应用，但是解决方法很明显：总是在开始时处理最难的工作。‎ ‎②[牛津高阶]The new technology has been applied_to farming.‎ 这项新技术已被应用于农业。‎ ‎③You would pass the exam if you applied_yourself to your work.‎ 努力学习就会通过考试。‎ ‎④His application for the job has been refused.‎ 他的工作申请已被拒绝。‎ 过关演练 选词填空 apply for； take in； live on； occur to； mark out； keep up； make a life； a great many； team up with； back to back ‎1．A good idea ________ Jane while she was talking to Mary.‎ 答案：occurred to ‎2．I'm writing to ________ the position as a student volunteer.‎ 答案：apply for ‎3．The Irish used to ________ a diet of potatoes.‎ 答案：live on ‎4．They ________ the tennis court with white paint.‎ 答案：marked out ‎5．Walls made of adobe ________ the heat from the sun on hot days and give out that heat slowly during cool nights.‎ 答案：take in ‎6．In the coming three years, our school life will be challenging and you will try to ________ for yourself.‎ 答案：make a life ‎7．________houses were knocked down by the earthquake.‎ 答案：A great many ‎8．You can ________ another member if you want.‎ 答案：team up with ‎9．In some rural places of China, some people still prefer ________ their traditional lifestyle.‎ 答案：keeping up ‎10．Stand ________ and let's see who is taller.‎ 答案：back to back However, it_is_likely_that Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago.(P2)‎ 然而，美洲土著人很可能在至少 15000 年前就住在加利福尼亚州了。‎ It is likely that...“很可能……”。本句中 it 为形式主语，真正的主语是 that 引导的主语从句。句中likely 为形容词，意为“可能的”。其近义词有 possible， probable。‎ 归纳拓展 语境助记 ‎①[2016·四川高考]In fact, women are less_likely_to_have high blood pressure or to die from heart attacks.‎ 事实上，妇女不大可能得高血压或死于心脏病。‎ ‎②Brian is gifted in writing music; he is very likely_to_be a Beethoven.‎ 布莱恩在创作乐曲方面有天赋，他有望成为另一个贝多芬。‎ ‎③You_are_very_likely_to come across large wild animals in the forest, so be careful!‎ ‎＝It_is_likely_that you will come across large wild animals, so be careful!‎ 在森林里，你很可能会遇到大型的野生动物，因此要当心！‎ ‎④It_is_probable_that the cost will be greater than we think.‎ 花费很可能比我们预想的要多。‎ 过关演练 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 在空白处填入适当的内容(1 个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ ‎1．Fish are most likely ________ (find) in shallow water under waterside trees.‎ 答案：to be found 考查固定句式。sb./sth. be likely to do“某人/物可能……”，且 fish 与 find 为逻 辑上的动宾关系，故应填 to be found。‎ ‎2．________ is said that rap music was invented by a classical musician in 1912.‎ 答案：It 考查固定搭配。It is said that...“据说……”。‎ ‎3．He is thought ________ (act) foolishly. Now he has no one but himself to blame for losing the job.‎ 答案：to have acted 考查不定式的完成式。该句为 sb. is thought to do sth.结构。其中不定式动作 发生于谓语动词 is thought 之前，故应用完成式。‎ ‎4．It was raining hard; that is ________ he came late.‎ 答案：why 考查表语从句的引导词。句意：雨下得很大，那就是他迟到的原因。That's why...“那就是……的原因”。‎ ‎5．A ship in harbor is safe, but that's not ________ it is built for.‎ 答案：what 考查表语从句的引导词。句意：船停在港口里是很安全的，但这并非建造船的目的。该句中 what 引导表语从句。‎ Ⅱ.句型转换 ‎1．It is likely that the weather will be fine.‎ ‎→The weather ________________ fine.‎ 答案：is likely to be ‎2．It is believed that Professor Li is working in the library.‎ ‎→Professor Li is believed ________________ in the library.‎ 答案：to be working 复习名词性从句 ‎(主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句)‎ 概念 一个句子在整个的主句中起到一个名词的作用，那么，这个句子即为名词性从句，又根据在复合 句中具体充当的成分，可分别称为主语从句(Subject Clause)‎ ‎、宾语从句(Object Clause)、表语从句 ‎(Predicative Clause)和同位语从句(Appositive Clause)。‎ 名词性从句的引导词 引导名词性从句的连接词分为三类：‎ ‎1．连词：that, whether, if(在从句中不充当成分)‎ It's good to know that the dogs will be well cared for while we're away.‎ ‎2．连接代词：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which(在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语、‎ 定语)‎ ‎“Every time you eat a sweet, drink green tea.” This is what my mother used to tell me.‎ ‎3．连接副词：when, where, how, why (在从句中充当状语)‎ Exactly when the potato was introduced into Europe is uncertain, but it was probably around 1565.‎ 主语从句 主语从句可以放在主句谓语动词之前，但有时为避免句子头重脚轻，常用 it 作形式主语，而把主语从句置于句末。主语从句后的谓语动词一般用单数形式。‎ It happened that I met her in a book store.‎ 宾语从句 ‎1．形式宾语 it 动词 find, feel, consider, make, believe ‎ 等后面有宾语补足语的时候，则需要用 it 作形式宾语而将 that 宾语从句后置。‎ Susan made it clear to me that she wished to make a new life for herself.‎ ‎2．介词后的宾语从句 连词 that 引导的名词性从句很少作介词的宾语，只用在 except, but, in 后；其他的介词后的宾语 从句如果由连词 that 引导，则需用 it 先行一步作形式宾语。‎ You may depend on it that Tom will help you with your English.‎ ‎3．某些形容词或过去分词后常接宾语从句，这类形容词或过去分词有 sure, glad, certain, pleased,happy, afraid, surprised, satisfied 等，连词 that 可省略。‎ They are afraid (that) I will feel lonely.‎ ‎4．宾语从句中的时态与主句时态的呼应 主句动词是现在时，从句应根据具体情况使用不同时态。当主句动词是过去时态(could, would 除外)时，从句则要用相应的过去时态，如：一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时等；但当从句表示的是客观真理、科学原理、自然现象，则从句仍用现在时态。‎ We arrived at work in the morning and found that somebody had broken into the office during the night.‎ 表语从句 ‎1‎ ‎．引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样，表语从句位于系动词后，有时用as if 引导。其基本结构为：主语＋系动词＋从句。‎ ‎－What a mess! You're always so lazy!‎ ‎－I'm not to blame, mum. I am what you have made me.‎ ‎2．when, where, why, how, because 引导的从句作 This is 或 That is 的表语时，表示具体的时间、地点、原因、方式等。‎ That is why I don't finish the task in time.‎ ‎3．当主语是 reason 时，表语从句要用 that 引导而不是 because。‎ The reason why he was late was that he missed the train by one minute this morning.‎ 过关演练 单句语法填空 在空白处填入适当的内容(1 个单词)。‎ ‎1．We must find out ________ Karl is coming, so we can book a room for him.‎ 答案：when 考查宾语从句的引导词。句意：我们一定要搞清楚卡尔什么时候来，以便我们给 他订房间。该句为宾语从句，由句意可知应填 when。‎ ‎2．Some people believe ________ has happened before or is happening now will repeat itself in the future.‎ 答案：whatever 考查主语从句的引导词。句意：一些人认为不管是以前发生的还是现在发生的事情都会在将来重现。“________ has ‎ happened before or is happening now”为主语从句，且从句中缺少 主语，根据句意应填 whatever。‎ ‎3．As John Lennon once said, life is ________ happens to you while you are busy making other plans.‎ 答案：what 考查表语从句的引导词。句意：正如约翰·列侬曾经说过的那样，当我们正在为生活疲于奔波时，生活已离我们远去。系动词 is 后为表语从句，且从句中缺少主语，故填 what。‎ ‎4．I truly believe ________ beauty comes from within.‎ 答案：that 考查宾语从句的引导词。句意：我真的相信美是发自内心的。believe 后为宾语从句，且从句中不缺少句子成分，故应填 that。‎ ‎5．Grandma pointed to the hospital and said, “That's ________ I was born.”‎ 答案：where 考查表语从句的引导词。where 在此句中引导表语从句，并在从句中作地点状语。‎ Ⅰ.阅读理解(建议用时 16′)‎ A ‎[2017·宁夏石嘴山高三模拟]There is a large percentage of Asian people in the US. They're hard working, respectful but strange sometimes. If you don't understand the culture, you will get some problems with them. Asian people are different from any other cultures. If you think you know them, you might want to think again. How are they different? When it comes to most Asian culture, respect is everything. You can do anything ‎ you want but don't disrespect an Asian man. You will get some real consequencesW1 afterward and especially if he is your boss. It's something called “face_saving” in the Asian culture. It's ridiculousW2‎ sometimes but it's their culture. Sometimes their culture can come in between their relationship at work. Asian people might expect a lot of respect from their co-workers when their co-workers just see them as an ‎ equalW3. Americans are very different from Asian people. If you're Asian, you might want to understand the American culture and even adapt to their culture if you work with them. It will be easier for you since you're in their countries. Imagine an American working in China, expecting Chinese co-workers to get along with him when he criticizesW4 them straight out on every single matter in front of everyone. I think they will take him outside and take care of him. It just doesn't work that way with Asian people. If you're an American boss giving your Asian employee a review, you will see that they will have a problem with your negative remarks. They will think that you don't like them, disrespectful, and want to getridofP1 them; when in fact, you're just doing your job. Of course, it's not fairW5 for you as an American boss but just expect that it can be something that is onyourAsianemployee'smindP2.‎ 篇章导读：本文介绍的是美国文化和亚洲文化的差异从而导致美国人和亚洲人在工作上不能很好相处。‎ ‎1．The Americans can't get along well with the Asians probably because ________.‎ A．their cultures are different B．they don't like each other C．both of them are too proud D．they have different political views 答案：A 细节理解题。根据第一段第三句“If you don't understand the culture, you will get some problems with them.”可知，如果你不懂这种文化，你和他们在一起会有一些麻烦。也就是说，由于文化的不同，美国人和亚洲人不能很好地相处。故选 A。‎ ‎2．The underlined phrase “face saving” in Paragraph 2 probably means ________.‎ A．saving some money for later use B．making faces to please your boss C．showing some respect to somebody D．helping somebody out of trouble 答案：C 词义猜测题。第二段第二、三、四句的句意为：当谈到多数亚洲文化时，尊重就是一切。你可以做你想做的任何事情，但不要不尊重一个亚洲人。否则，以后你将付出代价，尤其是如果他是你的老板。由此可知，画线部分的意思是：展示对别人的尊重。故选 C。‎ ‎3．From the third paragraph we can know that it is difficult________.‎ A．for the Asians to accept the culture in America B．for the Americans to adapt to the culture in China C．for people to learn the culture in a foreign country D．for people to follow the culture in their own country 答案：B 推理判断题。第三段中的最后三句的句意为：想像一个在中国工作的美国人，当他在众人面前都会直接对他们进行批评时，他期盼中国合作者与他很好相处。我认为他们会带他出去并照 顾他。那种方式对亚洲人来说根本不起作用。由此可知，美国人适应中国文化是困难的。故选 B。‎ ‎4．The negative remarks an American boss gives on your work probably mean he/she ________.‎ A．doesn't like you any longer B．thinks you are not worth respecting C．offers you some better advice D．wants you to improve your work 答案：D 推理判断题。第四段中的第一、二句的句意为：如果你是一个美国老板，给你的亚洲雇员一个评论，你会看到他们对你的负面言论会存在问题。他们会认为你不喜欢他们，不尊重他们，‎ 想开除他们。然而事实上，你只是在做你的工作。由此可推知，D 项正确。‎ W重点单词 ‎1．consequence n. 结果；后果 ‎2．ridiculous adj. 愚蠢的；荒谬的 ‎3．equal n. 同等的人；相等物 ‎4．criticize v. 批评；指责 ‎5．fair adj. 公平的；适当的 P重点短语 ‎1．get rid of 摆脱；丢弃 ‎2．on one's mind 挂在心头；惦念 B ‎[2017·沈阳二中模拟]Teenagers that are getting into different kinds of addictionW1 have become one of the biggest problems faced all over the world and especially in America. That's why almost every state in America has specially designed treatment centers and rehab (康复) centers that give addiction treatment to youngsters.In drug rehab centers in Wyoming, the treatment programs for youngsters are quite special. Youngsters fall into addiction due to their ignoranceW2. That is why the drug rehab centers in Wyoming give more importance to proper counseling (咨询) programs. The youngsters start consuming drugs either due to peer pressure or due to the stress they are going through. The families of the youngsters are most of the time unaware of the fact that their children are into some kinds of addition. Youngsters are playing with their future by taking drugs. The rehab centers in Wyoming try to spread awareness among the youngsters by conducting various programs.‎ The drug dealers try to targetW3 those areas to sell drugs where young people gather for enjoyment like pubs, discos, etc. The state government is trying their best to have control over the availabilityW4 of these drugs. But the youth should also be aware of these harmful effects the drugs have on the body and mind. A center for drug rehab in Wyoming will give proper guidanceW5 and counseling to teenagers to stay away from drugs. The role of families is also very important. Most families don't provide a healthy and peaceful atmosphere for the youngsters and the youngsters getfedupwithP1 the daily fights and quarrels that they see at home. Due to this, they can easily fallpreytoP2 any kind of addiction. The treatment centers in Wyoming have various treatment programs designed especially for youngsters. They work along with their families so that they can plan out a suitable program for them.‎ 篇章导读：文章主要向读者介绍了美国怀俄明州的毒品康复中心对青少年上瘾治疗的一些情况。‎ ‎5．According to the passage, we know that in America ________.‎ A．teenagers have become the biggest problem B．there are different kinds of problems C．nearly each state has treatment centers for youngsters.‎ D．the problem of drugs is not very serious at all.‎ 答案：C 细节理解题。根据文章第一段的第二句可知，在美国几乎每个州都有青少年治疗中心和康复中心，因此选 C 项。‎ ‎6．Which of the following may lead to the youngsters' drug addiction according to the passage?‎ A．The strong influence of their peers.‎ B．Their curiosity about drugs.‎ C．The rich economy of their families.‎ D．Their happy home environment.‎ 答案：A 细节理解题。根据文章第三段第一句中的“The youngsters start consuming drugs either due to peer pressure...”可知，导致青少年染上毒瘾的原因之一是受到同龄人的强烈影响。故选 A。‎ ‎7．What can we learn from Paragraph 4?‎ A．The state government can prevent the sale of drugs.‎ B．The drugs are easily available to teenagers.‎ C．The drug dealers can control all youths.‎ D．The youth become more aware of the dangers of drugs.‎ 答案：B 推理判断题。根据文章第四段的第一句可推知，青少年很容易接触到毒品。故选 B。‎ ‎8．What's the main purpose of the text?‎ A．To stress the importance of healthy family surroundings.‎ B．To introduce the teen drug rehab centers in Wyoming.‎ C．To explain how to design special treatment programs.‎ D．To give some useful tips on staying away from drugs.‎ 答案：B 推理判断题。文章主要介绍了美国怀俄明州的青少年毒品 康复中心的一些情况。故选B。‎ W重点单词 ‎1．addiction n. 瘾；入迷 2.ignorance n. 无知 ‎3．target vt. 把……作为攻击目标 ‎4．availability n. 可购得；可找到 ‎5．guidance n. 指导；引导；咨询 P重点短语 ‎1．get fed up with 感到厌烦 ‎2．fall prey to 受……所伤害/影响 Ⅱ.七选五(建议用时 7′)‎ 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。‎ How to Start Your Day Right What we do in our day, how we act, and how we react to situations and to people, is equally important to how we start our day. Often, we start our day with a schedule. But less often do we choose to do certain things that will help jump-start our day. It's important to get our day off to a good start because how we start our day will determine how the rest of the day goes. Here I share some tricks with you to start your day right.‎ ‎__1__ Whatever you believe can and will come to pass. Believe that you can accomplish great things and you can reach your goals, and you will. If you start your day with fear, you're already on a path to ruin the rest of ‎ your day. Leave yesterday in the past. Yesterday has come and gone. Too many people do not progress in life because they live in the events of yesterday. __2__ You cannot live it over. You cannot do it over. Stop regretting and start living today.‎ Pursue purpose. Every day you live is based upon the days that have already passed. Each day should be a strong pursuit of purpose. __3__ That will last longer than you.‎ Set goals. Start your day with goals that you want to reach. __4__ On your worst days, if you keep your goals front and center in your mind, they will push you and pull you forward.‎ Adjust your attitude. We don't feel great every day but we can choose to feel great, look great, and be great with a little adjustment of the attitude. The right attitude will carry you a very long way.__5__‎ A．Be sure to have faith.‎ B．Don't make it too difficult to reach.‎ C．Make right choices when facing trouble.‎ D．There is nothing you can do to change the past.‎ E．Struggle to do something great and meaningful.‎ F．Your goals will keep you focused, stable, and clear.‎ G．The right attitude can also change situations to turn in your favor.‎ 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文，介绍的是如何正确合理地开始新的一天。‎ ‎1．A 此处为本段主题句。根据下文“Whatever you believe can and will come to pass. Believe that...”‎ 中的 believe，可知 A 项(一定要有信心)符合语境。‎ ‎2．D 根据本段主题句“Leave yesterday in the past.”可知，答案为 D(你无法去改变过去)。‎ ‎3．E 根据上文及下文中 that 这一关键词所指代的内容可知，该空选 E(努力去做伟大的、有意 义的事情)。‎ ‎4．F 根据该段主题句“Set goals”及上下文出现的关键词 goals，可知答案为 F。‎ ‎5．G 根据该段主题句“Adjust your attitude”及空格前两句出现的 attitude，可知答案为 G。‎ Ⅲ.语法填空(建议用时 8′)‎ 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1 个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。[2017·河南八市高中质检]‎ Dubai Dubai was a 6,000-person fishing village half a century ago. Since 1966, when oil was discovered there, the population of Dubai has grown __1__ 2.6 million. Over the years, it has become a well-known tourist destination.__2__ attracts tourists to Dubai are tax-free shopping, dry weather, excellent accommodations, delicious food and beaches that go on for miles. In fact, some foreigners come here only __3__ (experience) ‎ the shopping. There are dozens of shopping malls, __4__ (provide) every famous brand you can name. Those outdoor markets sell everything from spices (香料) to gold at fair prices. Choosing what places to visit in Dubai is difficult, because even the hotels there are also amazing__5__ (attract). The Burj Al Arab is considered one of the world's best hotels, and __6__ is located on its own island, about 1,000 feet offshore from Dubai. Built in the shape of __7__ ship, this hotel is still __8__(tall) than the Eiffel Tower and nearly as tall as the Empire State Building. Certainly, there are also other great places of interest to visit. Indeed, travelling around this country will __9__ (true) give you an amazing experience because of its interesting things __10__ (offer) to all types of tourists.‎ ‎1．________ 2.________ 3.________ 4.________‎ ‎5．________ 6.________ 7.________ 8.________‎ ‎9．________ 10.________‎ 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文中介绍了迪拜作为著名的旅游胜地，吸引无数游客到此观光和购物。‎ ‎1．to 考查介词。to 表示“达到”的意思。句意：自从 1996 年，在这里发现了石油以后，这里的人口已经达到了两千六百万。‎ ‎2．What 考查主语从句。What 引导的主语从句，在从句中作主语。此处表示这个地方吸引游客的是免税购物。‎ ‎3．to experience 考查动词不定式。此处动词不定式表示目的。句意：实际上，一些外国游客专门来到这里就是为了体验购物的。‎ ‎4．providing 考查现在分词作状语。provide 与逻辑主语之间为主动关系，因此填 providing。句意：这里有很多的购物广场，提供每一个你能叫得出名称的名牌。‎ ‎5．attractions 考查词性转换。由于空格前 amazing 为形容词，所以此处填名词复数 attractions，表示“旅游景点”。句意：在迪拜选择旅游景点是很困难的，因为甚至是旅馆也是很吸引人的旅游景点。‎ ‎6．it 考查代词。it 在这里指代的是前文提到的 The Burj Al Arab。‎ ‎7．a 考查冠词。不定冠词表泛指。此处表示 The Burj Al Arab 被建造成一只船的样子。‎ ‎8．taller 考查形容词的比较级。帆船酒店(The Burj Al Arab)与埃菲尔铁塔相比，所以要用比较级结构。此处表示帆船酒店比埃菲尔铁塔还要高。‎ ‎9．truly 考查副词。truly 是副词，表示“真正地”， 修饰后面的动宾结构。此处表示在这个地方旅行的确能带给你不一样的经历。‎ ‎10．offered 考查过去分词作后置定语。offer 与 things 之间为被动关系，故填 offered。此处表示因为这里能提供给不同类型的游客有趣的事情。‎ Ⅳ.书面表达(建议用时 20′)‎ 假定你是李华，暑假你参加了英国游学活动，住在房东 Tricia 家中，回国后给房东写一封信表示感谢，要点如下：‎ ‎1．安全抵家；‎ ‎2．回顾英国游学体会；‎ ‎3．感谢房东的帮助；‎ ‎4．附寄两张合影；‎ ‎5．表达愿望。‎ 注意：1.词数 100 左右；‎ ‎2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；‎ ‎3．结束语已为你写好。‎ Dear Tricia，‎ Looking forward to your reply.‎ Yours，‎ Li Hua ‎[标准范文]‎ Dear_Tricia，‎ I've come back home safely. Looking back to my stay in Britain, I felt so happy and satisfied. The beautiful scenery and friendly people impressed me a lot. I also benefited a lot from learning together withlocal students. More importantly, your help and kindness made it easier for me to have a better understanding of British culture and adapt to the life there. So I'm so grateful to you. By the way, attached to the letter are two photos taken with you, which I believe will remind you of the happy time we spent together. You are expected to come to China soon.‎ Looking_forward_to_your_reply.‎ Yours，‎ Li_Hua