2020版一轮复习北师大版必修2Unit6Design单元学案（33页） 33页

(一)课前自主学习 Ⅰ.阅读单词——————知其意 1．wavy adj. 波状的 2．missile n. 导弹 3．marble n. 大理石 4．granite n. 花岗岩 5．phoenix n. 凤凰 6．rooster n. 雄鸡，公鸡 7．subway n. (美)地铁 8．angel n. 天使 9．offering n. 供品，祭品 10．landlord n. 房东 11．bat n. 蝙蝠 12．loch n. 湖；海湾 13．fairytale n. 童话 14．insect n. 昆虫 15．roof n． [纵联 1] 房顶 Ⅱ.重点单词——————写其形 1．straight adj. 直的 adv. 直，直接 2．painter n. 画家；油漆匠 3．shade n. (色彩的)浓淡；阴影 4．sweat n. 汗 5．youth n. 青春；年轻人 6．religious adj. [纵联 2] 宗教的；虔诚的 7．creature n. 动物；(有特性或特质的)人 8．artist n． [纵联 3] 画家；艺术家 9．emphasise vt. 强调 10．feature n. 特征，特色 11．ruin vt. 毁坏，毁灭 12．purpose n. 目的，意图 13．abstract adj. [纵联 4] 抽象的，深奥的 14．downtown adv. 在市区，往市区 adj. 市区的 15．fold n. 皱褶 16．pain n. 痛苦；疼，痛；劳苦，努力 17．detail n. 细节，详情 18．shallow adj. 浅的 Ⅲ.拓展单词——————通其变 1．bathe vi.洗澡；沐浴→bath n．洗澡；沐浴 2．conclusion n．结论；结束→conclude vt.结束；推断 3．exhibition n．展览会→exhibit vt.展览，显示 n.展览；展览品 4．poetry n．诗(总称)→poem n．诗→poet n．诗人→poetess n．女 诗人 5．valuable adj.贵重的，有价值的→value n．& vt.价值；评价 6．elegantly adv.优雅地→elegant adj.优雅的；高雅的 7．character n．(书写或印刷的)字，字体→characteristic adj.典型 的，特有的 n.特征，特点 8．relate vt.把……与……联系起来→related adj.有联系的；相关 的→relation n．关系，联系→relationship n．关系 9．mercy n．慈悲，怜悯，同情心→merciful adj.仁慈的，宽容的 10．typical adj.典型的→typically adv.典型地；有代表性地 11．imagination n．想像；想像力→imagine vt.想像→imaginative adj.富有想像力的 纵联 1.“房屋构造”相关名词集锦 ①roof 房顶 ②ceiling 天花板 ③kitchen 厨房 ④balcony 阳台 ⑤living room 客厅 ⑥bedroom 卧室 ⑦study 书房 ⑧dining room 餐厅 纵联 2.含“ious”的形容词一览 ①religious 宗教的；虔诚的 ②cautious 小心的；谨慎的 ③conscious 有意识的 ④envious 忌妒的；猜忌的 ⑤mysterious 神秘的 ⑥ambitious 有雄心的 纵联 3.后缀“ist”名词荟萃 ①biologist 生物学家 ②tourist 游客 ③physicist 物理学家 ④scientist 科学家 ⑤psychologist 心理学家 ⑥novelist 小说家 ⑦artist 艺术家，画家 纵联 4.“绘画”相关名词万花筒 ①abstract 抽象画 ②landscape 风景画 ③portrait 肖像画 ④painting 绘画(作品) ⑤sketch 素描 ⑥perspective 透视画法 ⑦impressionism 印象主义 单元话题——绘画与艺术形式 子话题 1 绘画形式 ①action painting 动作画派 ②art deco 装饰派艺术 ③art nouveau 新艺术 ④aventgarde 先锋派 ⑤abstract art 抽象派艺术 ⑥abstract expressionism 抽象表现派 子话题 2 艺术大师 ①Pablo Picasso 毕加索 ②Paul Gauguin 高更 ③JeanFrancois Millet 米勒 ④Marc Chagall 夏加尔 ⑤Claude Monet 莫奈 ⑥Ilya Efimovich Repin 列宾 ⑦Leonardo da Vinci 达·芬奇绘画形式 ⑧Tintoretto 绘画形式丁托列托 ⑨Vincent van Gogh 梵·高 ⑩Henri Theodore Rousseau 卢梭 子话题 3 艺术形式 ①work of art 艺术作品 ②masterpiece 杰作 ③plastic arts 造型艺术 ④graphic arts 形象艺术 ⑤Fine Arts 美术 ⑥salon 沙龙 ⑦art gallery 画廊，美术馆 ⑧inspiration 灵感，启发 [学考对接·活学活用] 高考采撷(一) 阅读中的词汇应用 1．(2016·全国卷Ⅲ语法填空)Chopsticks are usually two long, thin pieces of wood or bamboo. They can also be made of plastic, animal bone or metal. Sometimes chopsticks are quite artistic ❶ . Truly elegant chopsticks might be made ❷ gold and silver with Chinese characters ❸ . ①写出加黑词在本单元的表示人的同根名词：artist ②处应填介词：of ③写出加黑词在此处的汉语意思：汉字 2．(2015·北京高考阅读 C)These animals ❶ typically live between the surface of the ocean and a ❷ (deep) of about 3,300 feet — as far as most light can reach. Most of them are extremely delicate and can be damaged ❸ by a simple touch. ①写出加黑词在本单元的同义词：creature ②用所给词的适当形式填空：depth ③写出加黑词在本单元的同义词：ruin 3．(2012·陕西高考阅读 A)What brings a nation together? Of the four choices — shared values ❶ ， language, history, and religion, it's shared values. In our latest poll (民意调查), seven out of 16 countries chose values ❷ the greatest factor ( 因 素 ) bringing a nation together, and six preferred language. Both choices scored high in the poll, suggesting that our values and how we express them are closely linked ❸ . ①写出加黑词在本单元的形容词形式： valuable ②处应填介词： as ③写出加黑词的动词形式在本单元的同义词： relate 高考采撷(二) 写作中的词汇应用 (根据汉语及提示词翻译句子) 1．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)此外，你最好带一些典型的礼物， 可以是一些有关花鸟的画或者家乡的特产。(typical) Besides,_you'd_better_bring_some_typical_gifts,_which_may_be_s ome_paintings_about_flowers_and_birds_or_a_special_food_or_drink_fr om_your_country. 2．(2015·江苏高考书面表达)事实上，交通规则，包括乘地铁或 步行，是规章制度的一部分，与公众秩序紧密相关。(relate, subway) In_fact,_traffic_rules_that_include_taking_subways_or_walking_on _foot_in_the_street_are_part_of_the_rules_and_regulations_and_they_ar e_closely_related_to_public_order. (二)课堂重点释疑 1．imagination n．想像；想像力 [记牢] (1)beyond imagination 超出想像的，难以想像的 (2)imagine v. 想像 imagine (doing) sth. 想像(做)某事 imagine sb./one's doing sth. 想像某人做某事 imagine sb./sth. as/to be ... 把某人/某物想像成…… (3)imaginable adj. 想像的，可想像的 imaginary adj. 假想的；虚构的 [练通] 单句语法填空 ① Sometimes, imagination (imagine) is more important than knowledge during our studies. ②Beyond death, beyond imagination, lies an adventure that will live forever. 完成句子 ③I can't_imagine_living without electricity. 我想像不出没有电的生活是什么样子的。 ④I never knew my grandmother, but I always imagine_her_as/to_be a kind and gentle person. 我从没了解过我祖母，但我总是把她想像成一个和善、温柔的人。 [用准] imagine 的宾语可以是名词、代词、从句、动名词以及动 名词的复合结构，但不能为动词不定式。 [写美] ⑤(2014·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)我经常想像将来我的生活会是什么 样子。 I_often_imagine_what_my_life_will_be_like_in_the_future. 2．pain n．痛苦；疼，痛；劳苦，努力 [记牢] (1)have pains/a pain in ……部位疼 be in pain 在痛苦中；在苦恼中 spare no pains/effort to do sth. 不遗余力/全力以赴做某事 take pains to do sth. 尽力/费苦心/下苦功做某事 (2)painful adj. 疼痛的；痛苦的 [练通] 单句语法填空 ①He had no food or water and he was in terrible pain. ②Applying for jobs can be a long and painful (pain) process. ③ We should take pains to_improve (improve) ourselves through learning and get prepared for the future. 完成句子 ④ We should_spare_no_pains_to_construct whole harmonious society. 我们应该全力以赴构建全面和谐社会。 ⑤Kobe has_a_pain_in_the_back,_which makes him painful. 科比背疼，这让他很痛苦。 [用准] pain 指“精神上的痛苦”时为不可数名词；指“肉体上的 疼痛”时，可数、不可数均可；指“辛苦，刻苦，努力”时，要用复数 形式。 [写美] ⑥(2014·江西高考书面表达)不劳无获。我相信在你的努力下，在 这里你会过上丰富多彩的生活。 No_pains_no_gains._I_am_sure_that_with_your_great_efforts,_you _will_enjoy_a_colorful_and_fruitful_life_here. 3．typical adj.典型的，有代表性的；象征性的；特有的 [记牢] (1)be typical of ... 是……的代表，是典型的…… It is typical of sb.to do sth. 某人一向做某事 (2)typically adv. 典型地；有代表性地；向来；通常 [练通] 单句语法填空 ①It is typical of him to turn a deaf ear to others' advice. ②He was typically (typical) modest about his achievements. ③ As a carrier of culture, Jiaozi is typical of traditional Chinese cuisine culture. [写美] ④(2015·北京高考书面表达)面人是中国传统文化的代表。上周 二，我们班邀请到了一位老艺术家教我们如何做面人。 A_dough_figurine_is_typical_of_traditional_Chinese_culture.Last_ Tuesday,_our_class_invited_an_old_craftsman_to_teach_us_how_to_ma ke_dough_figurines. 4．ruin vt.毁坏，毁灭；使破产 n．毁灭，毁坏；废墟，遗址(常 用复数) [记牢] (1)ruin oneself 自取灭亡 ruin one's health/fame 毁坏某人的健康/名誉 (2)in ruins 毁坏；严重受损；破败不堪 bring sb.to ruin 使某人失败；使某人倾家荡产 fall/go/come into/to ruin 毁灭；败落 [练通] 单句语法填空 ①Giving up learning means ruining yourself (you)． ②A large number of churches fell into ruin after the big flood. 单句改错 ③ You will bring yourself to ruins if you don't take your study seriously.ruins→ruin 完成句子 ④My father was_ruining_his_health through worry. 忧虑严重损害了我父亲的健康。 ⑤Whole blocks of the city were in_ruins after the war. 该城市的全部街区在战后成为一片废墟。 [写美] ⑥(2012·福建高考书面表达)如果所有来仙女湖公园的游客都像 这对情侣一样，湖以及湖周围的环境将会被严重毁坏，不久就会变成 一个大垃圾厂了。 If_all_visitors_to_the_Fairy_Lake_Park_do_as_the_couple_did,_the _lake_and_the_beautiful_surroundings_will_be_severely_ruined_and_so on_turned_into_a_huge_dustbin. 5．relate vt.& vi.联系，把……与……联系起来；叙述，讲述 [记牢] (1)be related to 与……有关系 relate ... to/with ... 把……与……联系起来 relate to ... 和……有关联；和……合得来 (2)in/with relation to 与……有关；涉及；与……相比 have no relation to 与……没关系 [练通] 单句语法填空 ①The report related high wages to/with labour shortages. ②What he said relates to what we are discussing now. 完成句子 ③ It is requested that all the articles (should)_be_related_to the students' life. 据要求所有的文章都要与学生的生活有关。 ④ Have you read the report in/with_relation_to the crash in the newspaper? 你在报纸上读了有关这次爆炸的报道了吗？ [写美] ⑤(2014·辽宁高考书面表达)你一定要把你的创意作品与我们的 学校生活联系起来。 You_must_relate_your_innovation_to_our_school_life. 6．mercy n．慈悲，怜悯，同情心；幸运；恩惠 [记牢] (1)have (no) mercy on 对……(不)同情 show mercy to 对……表示怜悯 at the mercy of 任由……摆布， 在……支配下 It's a mercy that ... ……真是万幸 out of mercy 出于仁慈 without mercy 无情地 (2)merciful adj. 宽大的，仁慈的，慈悲的 be merciful to 对……仁慈 [练通] 单句语法填空 ①He showed mercy to the thief and let him go. ②He didn't finish his work in time and we had no mercy on him at all. ③ The elephants used to be hunted by farmers without mercy because they destroyed the farms. ④They asked her to be merciful (mercy) to the prisoners. 完成句子 ⑤They were lost at sea, at_the_mercy_of wind and weather. 他们在海上迷失了方向，任凭风和天气的摆布。 ⑥It's_a_mercy_that they were saved by the policemen. 幸运的是警察救了他们。 [写美] ⑦(2011·安徽高考书面表达)幸运的是，通过这种方法，我不但解 决了它而且还提高了独自克服困难的能力。 It's_a_mercy_that_I_can_not_only_work_it_out_but_also_improve_ my_ability_to_overcome_problems_all_by_myself_in_this_way. 7．conclusion n．结论；结束 [记牢] (1)come to/arrive at/reach/draw a conclusion 得出结论 bring ... to a conclusion 使……结束 in conclusion (＝to conclude) 最后(一句话) (2)conclude v. 推断出；推论出；结束 conclude that 结论是 conclude ...with ... 以……结束…… [练通] 单句语法填空 ①These are the report's main conclusions (conclude)． ②In conclusion, I'd like to say how much I've enjoyed staying here. 完成句子 ③We will conclude_the_concert_with the National Anthem. 我们将以国歌结束这场音乐会。 ④I've come_to/arrived_at/drawn/reached_a_conclusion that he's not the right person for the job. 我断定他不适合做这项工作。 [写美] ⑤(2017·江苏高考书面表达)中国的经济在以后几年有望呈中等 速度的增长。因此我断定电影产业的投资和优质电影数量的增加是有 可能的。 China's_economy_is_expected_to_grow_at_a_medium_speed_in_th e_coming_years,_so_I_draw_a_conclusion_that_an_increase_is_possible _in_the_investment_in_the_movie_industry_and_the_number_of_quality _movies. [词汇过关综合训练] Ⅰ.单词拼写 1．The full details (细节) of the agreement have not yet been made public. 2．The purpose (目的) of this meeting is to elect a new chairman. 3 ． Some authors are not popular because their writings are too abstract (抽象的)． 4．The major part of the town was ruined (毁坏) by the earthquake. 5．I keep cool by staying in the shade (阴凉处) and not moving much. 6．Go straight (径直地) down the road until you come to the post office. 7．This meal is typical (典型的) of local cookery, but I've never tasted it. 8 ． She emphasises ( 强 调 ) that her novels are not written for children. 9．All living creatures (动物) in the sea are affected by pollution. 10．The house has many interesting features (特点). The one I like best is a large Victorian fireplace. Ⅱ.单句语法填空 1 ． We can't imagine her succeeding (succeed) in the College Entrance Examination, for she has never been to school. 2．If you're addicted to computer games, you'll ruin yourself (you)． 3．The king showed no mercy to the prisoners and killed all of them. 4．I hope this trip can be a valuable (value) experience in your life. 5．The position calls for related (relate) experience in the field and being skilled at using computers. 6．The children's paintings are on exhibition (exhibit) at school. 7．Unless you take pains to_prepare (prepare), you won't win the match. 8．Typically (typical) he would come late and then say that he had to go early. Ⅲ.单句改错 1 ． It was typical for him to get angry about this kind of things. for→of 2 ． We should learn to show mercy on others. on→to 3 ． If he wants to win in the contest, he must take great pain to prepare for it. pain→pains 4．After a few years' civil war, the country's economy lay in ruin. ruin→ruins 5 ． Now we can reach the conclusion the earth is round. conclusion 后加 that Ⅳ.完成句子 1．Jack is late again. It_is_typical_of_him to keep others waiting. 杰克又迟到了，他就是爱让别人等。 2．In_conclusion,_walking is a cheap, safe, enjoyable and readily available form of exercise. 总而言之，散步是一种廉价、安全、有趣且易实施的锻炼方式。 3．What happened in your childhood is_related_to your present state of mind. 你童年时的遭遇同你目前的心境相关。 4．The whole city lay in_ruins after the earthquake, which made us lying awake all night. 地震之后整个城市成了一片废墟，这使我们彻夜未眠。 5 ． We have been demanded to spare_no_pains/effort_to_finish_the_task. 我们被要求要不遗余力完成这项任务。 (一)课前自主学习 1．fix_one's_eyes_on [串记 1] 注视，凝视 2．be_deep/lost_in_thought [串记 2] 陷入沉思 3．add_..._to_... 增添，增加 4．match_..._with 使……和……相配 5．sort_of 有几分地 6．come_out 出来；出版 7．date_back_(to) [串记 3] 追溯(到) 8．relate_to 有关，涉及；理解 9．try_out 试用，试验 10．in_the_shape_of 以……的形状 11．come_up 走近 12．share_with_sb. 与某人共享 13．hold_one's_breath [串记 4] 屏住呼吸 14．more_than 多于；不只是；非常 15．put_on 穿上；上演 16．agree_to 同意 [同根短语串记] 串记 1.“看法”种种 ①fix one's eyes on 注视，凝视 ②glance at 扫视 ③glare at 怒目注视 ④stare at 凝视 ⑤gaze at 盯着 ⑥watch over 监视 串记 2.“be＋过去分词＋in”短语 ①be absorbed in ... 被……吸引 ②be buried in ... 埋头于…… ③be occupied in ... 忙于…… ④be involved in ... 专注于…… ⑤be lost in ... 陷入…… 串记 3.“无被动语态”常考短语清单 ①consist of 由……组成 ②run out 用完 ③date back to 追溯到 ④give out 用尽 ⑤belong to 属于 ⑥come up 走近 串记 4.种种“呼吸” ①hold one's breath 屏住呼吸 ②lose one's breath 喘不过气来 ③catch one's breath 喘息；屏息 ④take a deep breath 做深呼吸 ⑤out of breath 上气不接下气 1．a typical example of ……的典型代表 2．combine poetry with painting 使诗歌与绘画结合起来 3．be used to celebrate weddings 被用来庆贺婚礼 4．a papercutting expert 剪纸艺术家 5．from an early age 从小时候 6．decorate jewellery boxes 装饰首饰盒 7．pay rent to anybody 付租金给任何人 8．on the other side of town 在小镇的另一端 9．bring good luck 带来好运 10．wave goodbye to sb. 向某人挥手告别 1．Qi Baishi's style of painting often leaves_the_audience_guessing and makes them use their imagination. 齐白石的绘画风格常常给观赏者留出运用想像力解读其内涵的 余地。 2．To_emphasise_the_woman_even_more,_Chen adds a lot of detail to the fan and the cloth of her dress, and chooses to paint the background behind the woman black. 为了进一步突出这位女子，陈(逸飞)在她的扇子和衣服的布料上 加入了很多细节，并选择黑色作为女子的背景颜色。 3 ． Our house would be white with_trees_around_it,_a_great_big_yard_and_grass_growing_ without_a_fence. 我们的房子应该是白色的，树木环绕，有一个大院子，草随意生 长没有篱笆阻隔。 4．But the house on Mango Street is not the_way_they_described_it at all. 但是芒果街上的房子根本不是他们所描述的那样。 [学考对接·活学活用] 高考采撷(一) 阅读中的词块与句式 1．(2012·辽宁高考阅读 B)Many astronauts say that one of the most relaxing things to do in space is to look out the window and stare at the universe and the Earth.(用本单元短语替换加黑词汇)fix_their_eyes_on 2．(2011·湖北高考阅读 E)Although some credit card providers have been experimenting with waveandpay systems that use NFCenabled credit cards, cellphone service providers may try to muscle their way into the pointofsale (POS) market.(用本单元短语升级加黑词汇)trying_out 高考采撷(二) 写作中的词块与句式 (根据汉语及提示翻译句子) 1．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)值得提醒的是，吃饭时最好不要老 是盯着饭菜，多和主人聊天。(fix one's eyes on) It_is_noteworthy_that_you_had_better_not_fix_your_eyes_on_dishe s_but_talk_more_with_the_host. 2．(2013·重庆高考书面表达)为了保护白鳍豚(Finless Porpoise)， 我们真诚地希望你能帮助采取一些措施。(不定式作目的状语) To_protect_Finless_Porpoises,_we_sincerely_hope_you_can_help_t ake_some_measures._ (二)课堂重点释疑 [短语集释] 1．fix one's eyes on 注视，凝视 [记牢] (1)keep/have an eye on 照看，照管；注视，监视；留神 look sb. in the eye 直视某人 catch sb.'s eye 引起某人的注意 have an eye for 对……有鉴赏眼光 (2)fix one's attention on/upon 集中注意力于 [练通] 单句语法填空 ①Grandma was cooking while she was keeping an eye on the baby sleeping in the cradle. ②A good artist must have an eye for color. 单句改错 ③Mary was so shy that she couldn't look him on the eye.on→in ④He fixed his attention in an interesting story book.in→on/upon 完成句子 ⑤The sad boy lay in bed and fixed_his_eyes_on the ceiling. 那个难过的小男孩躺在床上，凝视着天花板。 [写美] ⑥(2015·四川高考书面表达)我希望你能帮助我的英语口语。当我 讲英语时，特别是别人盯着我时，我经常感到有点紧张。 I_hope_you_can_help_me_with_my_spoken_English.When_I_spea k_English,_especially_when_others_fix_their_eyes_on_me,_I_often_feel _a_little_nervous. 2．date back (to)追溯(到) [记牢] (1)date from＝date back to 追溯到，始于 (2)set a date for ... 确定……的日期 up to date 最新式的，现代的 out of date 过时的；过期的 [练通] 完成句子 ① The skills of cooking in China can date_back_to/date_from thousands of years ago. 中国在烹饪方面的技艺可以追溯到几千年前。 ②The news you told me was out_of_date but you thought it was up_to_date. 你告诉我的新闻是过时的，但你却认为是最新的。 [用准] date from 和 date back to 常指“以现在为起点”向前推，故 在句中作谓语时，常用一般现在时。该短语没有进行时态，也没有被 动形式，常用其现在分词形式作后置定语。 [写美] ③(2013·辽宁高考书面表达)作为中国受欢迎的节日之一，传统的 赏月和吃月饼的习俗可以追溯到几千年前。 As_one_of_the_popular_Chinese_festivals,_the_traditional_custom, _enjoying_the_full_moon_and_eating_mooncakes_can_date_back_to_th ousands_of_years_ago. 3．try out 试用，试验 [记牢] try on 试穿；试用 try for 谋求，争取；试图获得，力争赢得 try out for 参加……选拔/竞赛 [练通] 完成句子 ①It is very pleasant to travel and to try_out and explore whatever is new. 无论是旅游还是试验、探索任何新的东西都能令人非常愉快。 ②These teams are going to try_out_for the Olympic Games. 这些队伍要参加奥运会的选拔赛。 ③You ought to try_on the shoes before you buy them. 在你买这双鞋之前，你应该试试。 [写美] ④(2011·重庆高考书面表达)我是重庆新华中学的学生，我从网上 得知你们招募“动物代言人”，我愿意报名参加。 I_am_a_student_from_Xinhua_Middle_School_in_Chongqing.I_kn ew_from_the_Internet_that_you_want_some_students_to_serve_as_spok esmen_for_the_animals_they_like.I_would_like_to_try_out_for_the_acti vity. [句式集释] 1．leave＋宾语＋宾语补足语 [ 教 材 原 句 ] Qi Baishi's style of painting often leaves_the_audience_guessing and makes them use their imagination. [悟拓展例句] (1)Hearing the bad news, he hurried home, leaving the book lying (lie) open on the table. 听到这个坏消息，他匆匆忙忙回家，留下那本书摊在桌子上。 (2)Don't leave_the_light_on when you are not in the room. 当你不在房间时，别让灯开着。 (3)What disappoints me is that she leaves me to_finish (finish) the work by myself. 使我失望的是她让我一个人完成这项工作。 [析用法规则] 用法归纳 leave 用作使役动词，意为“使……处于某种状态”，其 具体构成为： leave＋宾语＋ 名词/形容词/介词短语 过去分词/现在分词/动词不定式 [背写作佳句] (1)(2018· 全 国 卷 Ⅰ 满 分 作 文 )Speaking of table manners, leave your voice low and pleasant during the meal.(要点句) (2)I didn't realize that I had left my key in the office until I arrived at home.(要点句) 2．动词不定式作目的状语 [教材原句] To_emphasise_the_woman_even_more,_Chen adds a lot of detail to the fan and the cloth of her dress, and chooses to paint the background behind the woman black. [悟拓展例句] (1)Her mother plans to fly to Beijing at least four times a year to_visit_her. 她母亲计划每年至少四次飞到北京来看她。 (2)_In_order_to/To_keep_warm,_we shut all the windows. 为了保暖，我们把所有窗户都关上了。 (3)I hurried through my work so_as_to/in_order_to/to be in time for the wonderful TV programme. 我匆匆忙忙地忙完这项工作以便能够及时赶上精彩的电视节目。 (4)They reached the company out of breath, only to_be_told (tell) they were fired. 他们上气不接下气地赶到公司，结果却被告知他们被解雇了。 [析用法规则] 用法归纳 (1)to do 不定式表示目的或者将来。 (2)在动词不定式前可加上 in order (to), so as (to)等用以表 示目的。 (3)动词不定式还可以作结果状语，一般放在句子后面， 且常表示出乎意料的结果，常与 only, just 等词连用。 注意事项 (1)in order to 可以位于句首或句中，so as to 不能置于句 首。 (2)现在分词作结果状语则表示意料之中的结果。 [背写作佳句] (1)(2018· 天 津 高 考 满 分 作 文 )The World Adolescent Robotics Competition will be held in Tianjin at the end of July in order to promote the development of robotics.(开关句) (2)(2014·江西高考满分作文)In order to adapt yourself to the new environment, all of you, fresh students, must learn to communicate with and be kind to others.(要点句) (3)Our government must take some effective measures in order to/so as to/to protect our environment from being polluted.(总结句) [词块、句式过关综合训练] Ⅰ.选词填空 fix one's eyes on， share with， sort of， try out， be deep in thought， hold one's breath， in the shape of， date back to 1．The old lady fixed_her_eyes_on the stranger. 2．I was_deep_in_thought,_so I didn't notice him coming in. 3．I shared_with two others in hiring a car for the day. 4．At the sight of the headmaster, she held_her_breath,_not daring to raise her head. 5．The oldest deposits in the cave date_back_to 120,000 years ago. 6．Come on.I really want you to try_out this new product. 7．There was a red mark on his back in_the_shape_of the letter S. 8．I'm sort_of disappointed that Grandma didn't come to my birthday party. Ⅱ.完成句子 1．Jack's humour in his speech left_the_audience_laughing all the time. 杰克在演说中的风趣幽默使听众一直大笑。 2 ． I like the way (in_which/that)_our_English_teacher_gives_his_lessons. 我喜欢我们英语老师上课的方式。 3．In_order_to/To_encourage_the_students_to_take_outdoor_exercis e,_our school organized a mountainclimbing on April 10. 为了鼓励同学们进行户外锻炼，我校于 4 月 10 号举行了一次登 山比赛。 4 ． The impressive remains of the Royal Palace date_back_to the 12th century. 这些让人印象深刻的皇宫旧址要追溯到 12 世纪。 Ⅲ.分步写作 假如你是李华，你的英国朋友 Tom 想要了解有关抽象艺术的知 识，请根据以下内容，给他写一封电子邮件。 1．过去颇受争议； 2．现在成为当代文明的一部分，且深受欢迎。 注意：1.词数 100 左右； 2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 第一步：准确审题，理行文脉络，拟写作要点 本写作属于应用文中的普通书信，时态根据叙述事件而定，人称 为第一人称。要点表达可以从以下四方面着手：一是写信原因，介绍 抽象艺术；二是抽象艺术过去颇受争议；三是现在成为当代文明的一 部分；四是总结，抽象艺术受到欢迎。要点表达要力求准确全面，避 免跑题。 要点 1：我写信给你介绍一下抽象艺术的概况。 I_am_writing_to_introduce_the_rough_sketch_of_abstract_art_to_y ou. 要点 2：抽象艺术曾经颇受争议。 Abstract_art_used_to_be_controversial. 要点 3：当今，抽象艺术已成为当代文明的一部分。 Nowadays,_abstract_art_has_become_part_of_the_contemporary_ci vilization. 要点 4：抽象艺术在全世界都深受欢迎。 Abstract_art_enjoys_great_popularity_all_over_the_world. 第二步：添加细节，文意更丰满，表达更亮眼 为使内容更充实，我们需要对要点进行补充。要点 2 可补充内容 如艺术家不再画优雅的人物，而是试图要用特别的技巧给人们视觉 冲击；他们的作品，包括用大理石或易碎黏土雕刻的雕塑，都以表达 感情为其独特的目的 ，补充内容正确表达有一定难度，只要用词准 确，句式表达清楚即可，表达时可用并列句及过去分词短语作定语使 表达更贴切；要点 3 可补充内容 如麦迪逊大道上的画廊为抽象艺术 作品举行了展览；埃及之影咖啡馆已成为抽象艺术家们的家园 ，表 达时可使用现在分词短语作状语、定语从句及同位语使表达更生动。 拓展 2－①：艺术家不再画优雅的人物，而是试图采用特别的技 巧给人们视觉冲击。(but 并列句) The_artists_stopped_painting_delicate_figures,_but_attempted_to_a dopt_special_techniques_to_give_people_different_visual_impacts. 拓展 2－②：他们的作品，包括用大理石或易碎黏土雕刻的雕塑， 都以表达感情为其独特的目的。(过去分词短语作定语) Their_works,_including_sculptures_carved_out_of_marble_or_fragi le_clay,_were_all_with_a_specific_aim_of_showing_feelings. 拓展 3－①：麦迪逊大道上的画廊为典型的抽象艺术作品举办了 许多绝妙的展览，吸引了对它有偏爱的许多艺术家。(现在分词短语 作状语， who 引导的定语从句) Galleries_along_the_Madison_Avenue_give_scores_of_superb_exhi bitions_on_typical_abstract_works,_appealing_to_many_artists_who_ha ve_a_preference_for_it. 拓展 3－②：埃及之影(the Shadow of Egypt)，这一地区的一个咖 啡馆，已经成为那些有进取心的抽象艺术家们的家园。(同位语) The_Shadow_of_Egypt,_a_café_in_this_district,_has_become_the_ home_to_those_aggressive_abstract_artists. 第三步：连句成文，排语句顺序，重衔接过渡 开头开门见山，简介抽象艺术；中间列举要点，主要用 on one hand， on the other hand， however 等连接词作好衔接，使文章过渡 自然；结尾用 all in all 点明抽象艺术受到全世界的欢迎，并用 Looking forward to your reply at your earliest convenience 期待得到回复。 Dear_Tom， I_am_writing_to_introduce_the_rough_sketch_of_abstract_art_to_y ou. It_used_to_be_controversial.On_one_hand,_the_artists_stopped_pai nting_delicate_figures,_but_attempted_to_adopt_special_techniques_to_ give_people_different_visual_impacts.On_the_other_hand,_their_works, _including_sculptures_carved_out_of_marble_or_fragile_clay,_were_all_ with_a_specific_aim_of_showing_feelings.However,_nowadays,_abstrac t_art_has_become_part_of_the_contemporary_civilization.Galleries_alon g_the_Madison_Avenue_give_scores_of_superb_exhibitions_on_typical_ abstract_works,_appealing_to_many_artists_who_have_a_preference_for _it.The_Shadow_of_Egypt,_a_café_in_this_district,_has_become_the_ho me_to_those_aggressive_abstract_artists.All_in_all,_abstract_art_enjoys_ great_popularity_all_over_the_world. Looking_forward_to_your_reply_at_your_earliest_convenience. Yours,_ Li_Hua 理清文体结构之(六) 记叙文之空间顺序——“移步换景”巧解题 记叙文中的空间(地点)顺序一般指在同一个时间背景下，不同地 点、不同场景发生的事情。“移步换景”是此类记叙文的明显特点，文 章中的情节随着地点的更迭变换而跌宕起伏。因此，此类记叙文中地 点多、情节较复杂，阅读此类文章可采用“移步换景”法，即一边阅读、 一边标注出在不同地点发生了什么事情，进而从整体上把握全文内 容。 [高考典例] 2018·天津卷·B 篇 [移步 ⇨ 地点更迭 [高考典例] 2018·天津卷·B 篇 [换景 ⇒ 情节变化 变换] 发展] 地点 1 地点 2 地点 3 地点 4 地点 5 地点 6 地点 7 地点 8 地点 9 [1]When I was 17, I read a magazine article about a museum called the McNay, once the home of a watercolorist named Marian McNay. She had requested the community to turn it into a museum upon her death. On a sunny Saturday, Sally and I drove over to the museum. She asked, “Do you have the address？” “No, but I'll recognize it, there was a picture in the magazine.” [2]“Oh, stop. There it is！” [3]The museum was free. We entered, excited. A group of people sitting in the hall stopped talking and stared at us. [4]“May I help you ？ ” a man asked. “No，” I said.“We're fine.” Tour guides got on my nerves. What if they talked a long time about a painting you weren't that interested in? Sally had gone upstairs. The people in the hall seemed very nosy ( 爱 窥 探 的 ), keeping their eyes on me with curiosity. What was their problem? 换景 1：鲁莽之行 ——地点 1 作者读到一篇文 章，于是急匆匆地 和好友一起去找 杂志中提到的博 物馆。 (可解第 41 题) 换景 2：不速之客 ——地点 2 作 者 到 达 “ 博 物 馆”，“馆”内有人。 换景 3：懵懂之中 ——地点 3、4 作者发现自己弄 错了地方，来到了 别人的家里。 (可解第 42、43 题) 换景 4：尴尬离开 ——地点 5、6 作者尴尬地和女 主人搭讪，并呼唤 好友下楼，出去之 后告诉了好友发 I saw some nice sculptures in one room. Suddenly I sensed a man standing behind me. “Where do you think you are？” he asked. I turned sharply.“The McNay Art Museum！” He smiled, shaking his head.“Sorry, the McNay is on New Braunfels Street.” “What's this place ？ ” I asked, still confused. “Well, it's our home.” My heart jolted (震颤). I raced to the staircase and called out ， “Sally! Come down immediately！” [5]“There's some really good stuff (艺术作品) up there.” She stepped down, looking confused. I pushed her toward the front door, waving at the family, saying, “Sorry, please forgive us, you have a really nice place.” Outside, when I told Sally what happened, she covered her mouth, laughing. She couldn't believe how long they let us look around without saying anything. [6]The real McNay was splendid, but we felt nervous the whole time 生的事。 换景 5：心仪之地 ——地点 7 作者找到了真正 的博物馆，看到了 名家名作，但却感 到不安。(可解第 44 题) 换景 6：事后回顾 ——地点 8 30 年之后作者偶 遇一位女性，对方 提到作者的那次 经历。 换景 7：无心插柳 ——地点 9 作者那次鲁莽之 行，改变了当时小 女孩对家的感情。 (可解第 45 题) we were there. Van Gogh, Picasso. This time, we stayed together, in case anything else unusual happened. [7]Thirty years later, a woman approached me in a public place. “Excuse me, did you ever enter a residence, long ago, thinking it was the McNay Museum？” [8]“Yes. But how do you know? We never told anyone.” [9]“That was my home. I was a teenager sitting in the hall. Before you came over, I never realized what a beautiful place I lived in. I never felt lucky before. You thought it was a museum. My feelings about my home changed after that. I've always wanted to thank you.” [定区间·细比对] 41.What do we know about ？ A.She was a painter. B.She was a community leader. C.She was a museum director. 41. 由 题 干 中 的 关 键 词 Marian McNay 定位到第一段。根据“换景 1” 中 的 “a watercolorist named Marian McNay” 可 知 ， Marian D.She was a journalist. McNay 是一位 painter (画家)。 42.Why did the author refuse the help from the man ？ A.She disliked people who were nosy. B.She felt nervous when talking to strangers. C.She knew more about art than the man. D.She mistook him for a tour guide. 42.由题干中的关键词 in the house 可定位到第四段。根据“换景 3”中 的 “Tour guides got on my nerves.(导游让我紧张)”可知，“我” 把那个人误认为是导游了。 43.How did the author feel about being stared at by the people ？ A.Puzzled. B．Concerned. C.Frightened. D．Delighted. 43.由题干中的关键词 in the hall 可 定位到第四段。根据“换景 3”中 “我”被那些人盯着时的疑惑“What was their problem？”及后文中的 “still confused”可知，“我”感到很 困惑(puzzled)。 44.Why did the author describe in just a few words？ A.The real museum lacked enough artwork to interest her. B.She was too upset to spend much time at the real museum. C.The McNay was disappointing compared with the house. D.The event happening in the house 44. 由 题 干 中 的 关 键 词 the real McNay museum 可定位到第六段。 根据“换景 5”可知，作者和朋友来 到真正的 McNay 博物馆，但是她 们一直觉得紧张，害怕又出现先前 那种不同寻常的事，由此推断，作 者不是重点描述 McNay 博物馆， 而是描述这次突发事件带来的影 响。 was more significant. 45.What could we learn from ？ A.People should have good taste to enjoy life. B.People should spend more time with their family. C.People tend to be blind to the beauty around them. D.People tend to educate teenagers at a museum. 45.由题干中的关键词定位到最后 一段，从“换景 7”中那位女士的话 “在你造访之前，我从未意识到我 住的是个多么美丽的地方”可推 知，人们往往对自己身边的美丽视 而不见。 [答案] 41.A 42.D 43.A 44.D 45.C