2019届一轮复习人教版必修五Unit1GreatScientists单元学案（17页word解析版） 17页

‎2019届一轮复习人教版必修五Unit1GreatScientists单元学案 一单元基础训练 一、单元单词短语回顾 characteristic  [ˌkæriktəˈristik] n. 特征；特性 radium  [ˈreidiəm] n. 镭 painter  [ˈpeintə] n. 画家；油漆匠 put forward 提出 scientific [ˌsaiənˈtifik] adj. 科学的 conclude [kənˈklu:d] vt. & vi. 结束；推断出 conclusion  [kənˈklu:ʒən] n.结论；结束 draw a conclusion 提出结论 analyse [ˈænəlaiz] vt. 分析 ‎△infect [inˈfekt] vt. 传染；感染 ‎△infections [inˈfekʃəns] adj. 传染的 ‎△cholera [ˈkɔlərə] n. 霍乱 defeat  [diˈfi:t]vt.打败；战胜；使受挫 n. 失败 expert [ˈekspə:t] adj. 熟练的；经验或知识丰富的 n.专家；行家 attend [əˈtend] vt. 照顾；护理；出席；参加 physician  [fiˈziʃən] n.医生；内科医师 expose  [ikˈspəuz] vt. 暴露；揭露；使曝光 expose…to 使显露；暴露 △ deadly [ˈdedli] adj. 致命的 cure  [kjuə]n. 治愈；痊愈 vt. 治愈；治疗 △ outbreak  [ˈautbreik] n. 爆发；发作 ‎ （尤指疾病或战争）‎ challenge [ˈtʃælindʒ] n. 挑战 ‎ vt. 向……挑战 victim  [ˈviktim] n. 受害者 absorb  [əbˈsɔ:b] vt. 吸收；吸引；使专心 suspect  [ˈsʌspekt]vt.怀疑 ‎ n. 被怀疑者；嫌疑犯 enquiry [inˈkwaiəri] n. 询问 neighbourhood  [ˈneibəhud] n. 附近；邻近 severe  [siˈviə] adj. 严重的；剧烈的；严厉的 △ clue  [klu:] adj. 线索；提示 pump  [pʌmp] n. 泵；抽水机 ‎ vt. （用泵）抽（水）‎ △ Cambridge  [ˈkeimbridʒ] 剑桥大街 foresee  [fɔ:ˈsi:]vt. 预见；预知 investigate  [inˈvestigeit] vt. & vi. ‎ 调查 ‎△ investigation n. 调查 blame  [bleim] vt. 责备；谴责 n. 过失；责备 pollute  [pəˈlu:t] vt. 污染；弄脏 handle [ˈhændl] n. 柄；把手 ‎ vt. 处理；操纵 △ germ [dʒə:m] n. 微生物；细菌 link  [liŋk] vt. & n. 连接；联系 link…to… 将……和……联系或连接起来 announce [əˈnauns] vt. 宣布；通知 △ certainty  [ˈsə:tənti] n.确信；确实 instruct  [inˈstrʌkt] vt. 命令；指示；教导 responsible [riˈspɔnsəbəl] adj. 有责任的；负责的 construct [kənˈstrʌkt]vt.建设；修建 construction n. 建设；建筑物 contribute  [kənˈtribju:t] vt. & vi. 捐献；贡献；捐助 apart from 除……之外；此外 firework [ˈfaiəwə:k] n. 烟火（燃放）‎ chart  [tʃɑ:t] n. 图表 creative  [kri:ˈeitiv] adj. 有创造力 ‎ ‎ 的；创造性的；独创的 co-operative [ˈɔpərətiv] adj. 合作的 positive  [ˈpɔzətiv] adj. 积极的；肯定的；确实的 ‎（be）strict with… 对……严格的 ‎△Nicolaus Copernicus ‎ 尼古拉·哥白尼（波兰天文学家）‎ ‎△revolutionary [ˌrevəˈlu:ʃənəri] adj. 革命的；重大变革的 movement  [ˈmu:vmənt] n. 移动；运动；动作 make sense 讲得通；有意义 backward  [ˈbækwəd] adv. & adj. 向后地（的）；相反地（的）；退步地（的）‎ ‎△loop  [lu:p] n. 圈；环 ‎△privately  [ˈpraivitli] adv. 私下地；秘密地 spin  [spin] vi. & vt. (使)旋转；‎ ‎ 纺（线或纱）‎ ‎△brightness  [ˈbraitnis] n.明亮；亮度； 聪颖 enthusiastic  [inˌθju:ziˈæstik] adj. 热情的；热心的 cautious [ˈkɔ:ʃəs] adj. 小心的；谨慎的 reject [riˈdʒekt]vt.拒绝；不接受；抛弃 universe [ˈju:nivə:s] n. 宇宙；世界 二、单元重要句式回顾：根据括号内要求翻译句子 ‎1．我不知道接下来该做什么。(疑问词＋动词不定式)‎ I_don't_know_what_to_do_next.‎ ‎2．每当我听音乐时，我就想起这事。(every time)‎ Every_time_I_listen_to_music,_I'll_think_of_it.‎ ‎3．她脸色苍白，看来身体不好。(suggest)‎ Her_pale_face_suggested_bad_health.‎ ‎4．昨天，她的钱包让人偷了。(have sth. done)‎ She_had_her_wallet_stolen_yesterday.‎ ‎5．你只有努力学习，才能通过这门课程。(only if)‎ Only_if_you_work_hard_will_you_pass_this_course.‎ ‎6．对不起，让你久等了。(keep sb. doing)‎ I'm_sorry_to_have_kept_you_waiting_so_long.‎ ‎7．他提出了几项令人感兴趣的计划。 (put forward)‎ He_puts_forward_several_interesting_plans._‎ ‎8．是什么使你怀疑钱是她偷的？ (suspect ... of ...)‎ What_made_you_suspect_her_of_having_stolen_the_money?_‎ ‎9．哪一个司机应当为这起事故负责任？ (be to blame)‎ Which_driver_was_to_blame_for_the_accident?_‎ ‎10．我是一名中国学生，我打算在假期去英国参加一个暑期学习班。(attend)‎ I_am_a_student_in_China_and_I_plan_to_go_to_Britain_to_attend_a_summer_school_during_the_vacation.‎ 单元综合知识运用 一 完形填空提速训练 When I was a young boy I was living in a poor neighborhood as an adopted child. I was __1__ to spend lots of time alone. I would often wander the different neighborhoods on my own and ‎ __2__ to help rake (用耙子耙平) a yard, mow a lawn (割草), or wash some walls __3__ some pocket money just to buy some clothes or candy.‎ ‎__4__ I knocked on the door of an elderly woman and asked if she needed her leaves raked in the yard. She asked why I was not in school and I __5__ her my trousers and shoes, which were __6__ and no longer keeping my feet warm and __7__. And when I finished the work she gave me some __8__. She said, “I want you to buy some trousers and new shoes and __9__ school. I also want you to come back and __10__ me with your report card and I will __11__ you when I see you have worked hard and have some good __12__.” ‎ I returned several times to see the woman in the corner house and she did just as she __13__. She looked at my report card and gave me a handful of __14__ and a sandwich every time I __15__ showed her I had an “A” or “B”. And over the next couple of years she continued to be this __16__ influence in my life as brief as it was and I __17__ knew her name.‎ I was twelve years old when I moved from that neighborhood into a different home, with yet another family. I will of course never __18__ the huge difference this wonderful __19__ made over my life with her __20__； this is something I hope to do myself in this lifetime over and over again.‎ 语篇解读：作者小时候生活困苦，不得不帮附近的居民做事来维持生活。有一天他碰到了一个影响他一生的老妇人，她鼓励他去上学，并承诺只要作者取得好成绩，就会给他不断地奖励。虽然作者后来搬离此地，但他还是很感激老妇人所做的一切。‎ ‎1．A.encouraged　　　　　　　　　 B．reminded C．assisted D．forced 解析：选D　根据上文中的“an adopted child”可知，我不得不一个人度过大把时间。be forced to“被迫，不得不”。‎ ‎2．A.approve B．offer C．acquire D．inform ‎ 解析：选B　根据上文中的“poor”可知，为了挣得一些零用钱来买衣服和糖果，我得主动出去找挣钱的门路，offer to do something“主动去做某事”。‎ ‎3．A.in terms of B．in need of C．in exchange for D．in return for ‎ 解析：选C　我帮人家平整院子、割草、刷墙，都是为了换得一些零用钱。in exchange for“交换……”。‎ ‎4．A.Once B．Sometimes C．Finally D．Lately ‎ 解析：选A　此处作者介绍了他的某一次经历。once“有一次”。‎ ‎5．A.introduced B．showed C．attempted D．assessed ‎ 解析：选B　上了年纪的老妇人问作者为何不去上学，作者给她看自己破烂的裤子和鞋子。‎ ‎6．A.ugly B．smelly C．worn D．strange ‎ 解析：选C　根据语境可知，此处应选worn“破旧的”。‎ ‎7．A.hidden B．applied C．presented D．protected ‎ 解析：选D　此处指破烂的鞋子已经不能保护我的双脚。‎ ‎8．A.food B．money C．clothes D．drink ‎ 解析：选B　根据下文中去买一些新的衣服和鞋子可知，此处给的是money。‎ ‎9．A.return to B．leave for C．try out D．depend on ‎ 解析：选A　老妇人叫“我”买了新衣服和鞋子之后，回去上学。‎ ‎10．A.challenge B．pay C．visit D．serve ‎ 解析：选C　老妇人叫作者以后要带着成绩单再回来拜访她。如果老妇人看到了作者的努力，并看到了作者考试中取得好的分数(marks)，老妇人会再给他一些奖励(reward)。‎ ‎11．A.reward B．test C．appeal D．convey ‎ 解析：选A　参见上题解析。‎ ‎12．A.words B．marks C．friends D．jobs ‎ 解析：选B　参见第10题解析。‎ ‎13．A.designed B．compared C．complained D．promised ‎ 解析：选D　作者后来回去拜访了老妇人好几次，每次她都像她许诺(promise)的那样，给了“我”奖励。‎ ‎14．A.tips B．tools C．dollars D．tasks ‎ 解析：选C　看到作者考了好成绩，老妇人都会奖励他。根据上文，作者最需要的是钱，因此本题选择dollars。‎ ‎15．A.proudly B．secretly C．nervously D．faithfully ‎ 解析：选A　每次考了好的成绩，作者也觉得很自豪。此处只有proudly符合题意。‎ ‎16．A.specific B．positive C．indirect D．doubtful ‎ 解析：选B　在接下来的几年里，她的行为继续给“我”产生着好的影响。positive“积极的，正面的，好的”。‎ ‎17．A.still B．even C．also D．never ‎ 解析：选D　虽然她给“我”这么大的影响，但是，“我”却不知道她的姓名。‎ ‎18．A.forget B．believe C．consider D．understand 解析：选A　对于过去的这段经历，作者始终铭记于心，因此，永远也不会忘记。‎ ‎19．A.guest B．partner C．stranger D．relative ‎ 解析：选C　根据上文中，作者始终不知道这位老妇人的名字，因此，此处只有stranger符合题意。‎ ‎20．A.measurement B．judgement C．instruction D．inspiration ‎ 解析：选D　老妇人是用她的鼓励来影响作者的。inspiration “鼓舞，鼓励”；instruction “指导”。本文中，老妇人并未教作者怎样一步步做，主要是用奖励的方法鼓励作者继续求学，因此选D。‎ 二、阅读理解提速练 A Crazy Festivals Mike the Headless Chicken Festival In 1945, farmer Lloyd Olsen attempted to cut off the head of Mike, a chicken, so his wife could cook it up for dinner. However, the bird didn't die and lived another year and a half, making regular trips to the fair, where people paid a quarter to see the amazing headless bird.‎ Today, the spirit of Mike the Headless Chicken is celebrated with a twoday May festival in Fruita, Colorado, which includes live music, a golf tournament, and lots of delicious chicken.‎ Roswell UFO Festival In the summer of 1947, a flying saucer (碟状物) crashed on a large farm outside the town of Roswell, New Mexico. The government says it didn't come from outer space, but many top UFO researchers believe it did.‎ Knowing a good thing when it crashes in their backyard, the citizens of Roswell celebrate the event every July with a threeday festival that features a costume contest, a parade and other ‎ activities. Be careful, though — that_odd_little_person_next_to_you_could_be_from_another _planet.‎ World's Largest Rattlesnake Roundup The rattlesnake, a poisonous American snake, serves an important function in nature by keeping small pests under control, but when their numbers grow too large, they can cause serious problems for farmers. That's why every March the residents of Sweetwater, Texas, host a threeday festival in association with the town's annual rattlesnake hunt.‎ Visitors can learn about rattlesnakes, take a bus tour of their natural habitat, participate in a rattlesnake eating contest and so on.‎ BugFest Every September, the North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences in Raleigh sponsors a daylong festival that focuses on something most people try to avoid: insects.‎ Visitors can hold bugs that are not native, cheer on racing insects and learn about beekeeping. But the highlight for many is Café Insecta, where bugs are the main ingredient in a variety of tasty dishes.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了四个古怪的节日。‎ ‎1．Lloyd Olsen cut off the chicken's head because ________.‎ A．his family wanted to eat it B．he wanted to sell its meat at the fair C．his family wanted to celebrate a headless chicken festival D．he wanted to make money by showing a headless chicken 解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第一个节日介绍中的“farmer Lloyd Olsen attempted to cut off the head of Mike, a chicken, so his wife could cook it up for dinner”可知答案。‎ ‎2．By writing the underlined part, the author wants to ________.‎ A．remind readers that aliens do exist B．add an air of mystery to the festival C．imply that he may attend the festival D．describe the fun of the costume contest 解析：选B　句意理解题。根据文章对第二个节日的介绍可知，作者以客观的口吻介绍了这个外星人节日的来源及节日内容等，并未对外星人是否存在表明自己的观点。由此可推测，作者最后说“你旁边那个奇怪的矮人可能来自另一个星球”只是为了给这个节日增加些神秘气氛。‎ ‎3．What's the purpose of the World's Largest Rattlesnake Roundup?‎ A．To increase the local tourism.‎ B．To protect rattlesnakes' habitats.‎ C．To control the population of rattlesnakes.‎ D．To introduce the importance of rattlesnakes.‎ 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第三个节日介绍中的“when their ‎ numbers grow too large, they can cause serious problems for farmers. That's why every March the residents of Sweetwater, Texas, host a threeday festival ...”可知答案。‎ B Once a man needed a new pair of shoes. This man was very good at math. He knew that in order to get shoes that fit very well, it would be necessary to measure his foot size correctly.‎ So, before he went to the market, he carefully measured his feet and drew a very detailed picture of his feet on a piece of paper. Then before leaving the house, like a good mathematician, he rechecked his picture.‎ It was a very long way from the man's home to the market. It was past midday when the man arrived at the market. When the man reached the shoe stall, he realized that he had forgotten to bring his paper. He turned around and walked all the way back home to get it.‎ It was nearly sunset when the man returned to the market. There he found the market was closing. The shoemaker had packed up all of his shoes. “Foolish man，” the shoemaker said to the man when he was asked to unpack his goods to make a sale. “Why did you not just try on the shoes？”‎ The man hung his head shamefully, saying, “I guessed there was only one way to solve my problem. I should have checked with others for another solution that might have worked as well or better than my own.”‎ The above short story works well with school students and also teachers. Don't try to solve a problem with a single point of view; there may be many other ways of solving the same problem.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章通过一则短篇故事告诉我们：一个问题往往不只有一种解决办法。‎ ‎4．Before the man went to the market, he ________.‎ A．asked others for some advice B．knew well about his foot size C．measured his old shoes carefully D．drew a pair of shoes on a piece of paper 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“So, before he went to the market, he carefully measured his feet and drew a very detailed picture of his feet on a piece of paper.”可知，在去集市之前，那位男子仔细地测量了自己的脚的尺寸。‎ ‎5．The shoemaker considered the man to be ________.‎ A．stupid　　　　　　　　　 B．strange C．clever D．interesting 解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第四段中鞋匠说的“Foolish man”可知，鞋匠认为那位男子很愚蠢。‎ ‎6．What does the author want to show by telling the story?‎ A．We should learn math very well.‎ B．It's necessary to ask for help at times.‎ C．We should think carefully before we act.‎ D．There is more than one way to solve a problem.‎ 解析：选D　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Don't try to solve a problem with a single point of view; there may be many other ways of solving the same problem.”可知，作者讲述这个故事是想告诉我们：一个问题往往不只有一种解决办法。‎ C Anna Schiferl hadn't even got out of bed when she reached for her cellphone and typed a text to her mom, one recent Saturday. Mom was right downstairs in the kitchen. The text? Anna wanted an egg for breakfast. Soon after, Joanna Schiferl called, “If you want to talk to me, Anna, come downstairs and see me！” Anna laughs about it now. “I was kind of being lazy，” she admits.‎ These days, many people with cellphones prefer texting to a phone call. And that's creating a communication divide, of sorts — the talkers vs. the texters. Some would argue that it's no big deal. But many experts say the most successful communicators will, of course, have the competence to do both. And they fear that more of us are unable to have — or at least are avoiding — the traditional facetoface conversations.‎ Many professors say it is not common to see students outside of class. “I sit in my office hours lonely now because if my students have a question, they email me, often late at night，” says Renee Houston, a professor at the University of Puget Sound in Washington states. “And they never call.”‎ As Anna sees it: “There are people you'll text, but won't ‎ call. It's just a way to stay in touch with each other.” Some believe that scores of texts each day keep people more connected. “The problem is that the conversation isn't very deep，” says Joseph Grenny, coauthor of the book Crucial Conversations: Tools for Talking When Stakes are High.‎ ‎“The problem has been there since we've had telephones — probably since the time of a telegraph (电报)，” Grenny says. Texting is just the latest way to do that. Though they may not always be so good at deep conversations themselves, Grenny suggests that parents model the behavior for their children and put down their own cellphones. He says that they also should set limits, as Anna's mom did when she made the “no texting to people in the same house” rule.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。专家表明，经常发短信可能会使人们在面对面交流时产生障碍。‎ ‎7．According to Paragraph 1, Joanna ________.‎ A．was very strict with her daughter B．did not know how to use a cellphone C．was angry that her daughter got up late D．did not have any breakfast that morning 解析：选A　推理判断题。由该段中的“If you want to talk to me, Anna, come downstairs and see me”可知，Joanna对她的女儿要求十分严格，故选A项。‎ ‎8．The underlined word “competence” in Paragraph 2 probably means “________”．‎ A．chance B．ability C．courage D．patience 解析：选B　词义猜测题。由该段中的“the talkers vs. the texters”等相关信息可知，这里是说：大多数成功的交流者有能力把两者都做好，即：不但善于口头沟通也善于通过短信来交流，故选B项。‎ ‎9．What do we know about Renee's students?‎ A．They often work late at night.‎ B．They often ask strange questions.‎ C．Few ask her questions face to face.‎ D．Many email her if she feels lonely.‎ 解析：选C　细节理解题。由第三段中的“I sit in my office hours lonely now because if my students have a question, they email me”可知，Renee的学生很少当面向她请教问题，故选C项。‎ ‎10．In Joseph Grenny's opinion, ________.‎ A．cellphones make people lonelier B．telephones help people communicate clearly C．texting helps people have deeper conversations D．talking should be encouraged instead of texting 解析：选D　细节理解题。由最后两段中的“the conversation isn't very deep”和“parents ...put down their own cellphones”以及“they also should set limits”等信息可知，Joseph Grenny认为父母应该放下手机给孩子做个榜样，多一些面对面的交流而非发短信，故选D项。‎