福建光泽县高考英语一轮复习阅读类综合训练四1 10页

只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 1 福建光泽县 2017 高考英语一轮阅读类综合训练 【由上海市徐汇区 2014 诊断卷改编】完形填空 Directions: For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. “What are you going to be when you grow up?” is a question that you may have been asked. You may not even know there are a variety of geography-related jobs. The Association of American Geographers lists nearly 150 different geography jobs. So, if you are interested in people, places, and environments, consider a job in geography. Your work will not be limited to maps—it might range from 1 data to planning projects, or making decisions about the environment. Processing Geographic Data A geographer’s main activity is analyzing geographic information to answer geographic questions. Jobs processing geographic data begin, of course, with collecting the information. One on-the-ground job in data collection is that of a surveyor. Surveyors 2 and measure the land directly. They may mark boundaries, study the shape of the land, or even help find sewer(下水道) and water systems beneath the Earth. High-tech information-gathering jobs include working with Geographic Information Systems (GIS) data. Some examples of these jobs include remote sensing specialists and GIS analysts. Data analysis jobs require the ability to think 3 , high-level computer skills, and a college education. Once data have been processed, a geographer may study the information to use in planning projects such as a new urban area, a(n) 4 evacuation(撤退) plan, or the placement of a new highway. Planners can also help determine how to make a neighborhood a better place to live. These jobs, too, require good critical thinking, writing, and computer skills, as well as a college education. Planners are 5 to the success of a community. Advising Businesses and Government About half of jobs using geography are in business and government. All kinds of 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 2 businesses use geographic information to help build and 6 their operations. A location analyst studies an area to find the best location for a client. The client might be a large retail store chain that wants to know which location would be best for opening a new store. The location analyst can study GIS reports on such elements as transportation networks or population in an area and give the business owners the positive and 7 points about a location being considered. In 1967, the Mexican government was looking for a location to create a new international tourist resort. They used location analysts to find an area that had good beaches and was easy to reach from the United States. The 8 was Cancún, today one of the world’s most desirable vacation sites. Businesses connected with natural 9 such as forests also rely on geographers. Geographers help them understand the relationship between their business and the environment where their business is located. In 1967, Cancún was a small island on Mexico’s Caribbean coast. It had white sand beaches, many birds and mangrove(红树) trees, but few people. After it was selected as a resort site, it was quickly 10 . Today, Cancún has more than 100 hotels and 500,000 permanent residents. Many work in the tourist industry that serves the millions of visitors who come each year from all over the world. Physical and Human Geography Physical geographers are sometimes called earth scientists. Some study such topics as geomorphology (地形学), that is, the study of how the shape of the Earth 11 . Others study weather and climate. Still others study water, the oceans, soils, or ecology. Jobs in these fields require 12 scientific training. Some geographers study economic, political, and 13 issues as they relate to place or region. Human geographers are usually hired by government agencies to analyze a specific problem. These geographers work 14 with political scientists, economists, and sociologists. Together, they provide possible solutions to problems from many different aspects of life in an area. And, of course, geographers teach the subject at all levels of 15 , from elementary schools to universities. But no matter what geography jobs 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 3 people might hold, they are always trying to answer the basic geographic questions: “Where are things located?” and “Why are they there?” 1.A. performing B. analyzing C. appreciating D. downloading 2.A. map B. mine C. shape D. honour 3.A. creatively B. critically C. wildly D. moderately 4.A. disaster B. radioactivity C. excursion D. vacation 5.A. qualified B. determined C. valuable D. feasible 6.A. survive B. expand C. manage D. boom 7.A. negative B. effective C. depressive D. profitable 8.A. scenery B. destination C. result D. foundation 9.A. potentials B. histories C. resources D. sciences 10.A. specialized B. polluted C. governed D. transformed 11.A. proceeds B. stretches C. extends D. changes 12.A. peculiar B. special C. reasonable D. enthusiastic 13.A. psychological B. contemporary C. religious D. social 14.A. closely B. peacefully C. loyally D. sensitively 15.A. demonstration B. revolution C. examination D. education 【参考答案】Section A 1--5 BABAC 6--10 BACCD 11--15 DBDAD 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 4 （2016 高考训练）阅读下列材料，从每题所给的选项中选出最佳选项。 体裁：说明文 话题：语言学习 词数：330 时间：7′ (2015·福建泉州一中期中) Talk to yourself It may be obvious，but the best way to get better at a language is to speak it.Even if there is no one around to speak to，talk to yourself.Name things as you pass them—chair，television，cat，tree，school.Learn basic phrases like—“it is cold today” or “it is sunny today” and use whichever is appropriate when you first look out of the window.This simple language learning tip will help this everyday vocabulary sink in and become second nature. Talk to friends Even if they don't speak the language，talk to the people you know in your new language.Warm them in advance that you are practicing your new knowledge and they will know what's coming.Even a simple “good morning” or “see you later” in your new language will make those phrases more natural to you.Your friends may even start to pick up a few phrases as well. Listen to music Listen to music in your new language.You'll hear the language used in a real context and this will help you pick out the rhythm and the pronunciation even better.You will also come to further understand and better appreciate the culture behind the language. Make mistakes The easiest language learning tip is to try! Go ahead and speak and write! Don't be afraid to make mistakes，because I guarantee you will! In fact，you will learn as much from your mistake as you will learn from your success.Never let the fear of making any mistakes hold you back.Without making any mistakes，how will you ever be fluent or even comfortable with the language? Find a language club When you are ready，try to find a language club in your area.Speaking with other people who have already gone through or are still going through the process of learning the 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 5 language can be extremely helpful.They will give you lots of language learning tips and helpful advice. 【语篇解读】 本文为说明文，为读者提供了学习语言的五条建议。 1．If you want to keep everyday vocabulary in your mind，you'd better ________． A．try to find a language club in your area B．talk to yourself and name things as you pass them C．not be afraid to make mistakes D．listen to music in your new language 答案 B [细节理解题。根据第一部分中的 This simple language learning tip will help this everyday vocabulary sink in and become second nature.可知 B 项正确。] 2．According to the passage，we know ________． A．the more mistakes we make，the more fluent our English might be B．“talking to yourself” is the best way to learn a language C．if someone doesn't speak your new language，you should not practice with him/her D．not all language clubs are helpful 答案 A [推理判断题。根据倒数第二部分中 Without making any mistakes，how will you ever be fluent or even comfortable with the language？可以推断出作者认为犯的错误越 多，英语就会说得越流利。] 3．You will master the usage of your new language if you ________ according to the material. A．talk to yourself B．talk to friends C．listen to music D．find a language club 答案 C [推理判断题。由 Listen to music 部分可以看出，通过听音乐学习语言，可以感受 真实的语境，还能进一步理解语言背后的文化，所以 C 项正确。] 4．The main idea of this passage is ________． A．the more you practice，the better your English will be B．practicing speaking English in different ways C．language learning tips D．some advice on English learning 答案 C [主旨大意题。全文围绕语言学习介绍了五条建议，所以 C 项正确。] 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 6 【2015 高考复习】阅读理解 Sons who have fond childhood memories of their fathers are more likely to be emotionally stable in the face of daytoday stresses， according to psychologists who studied hundreds of adults of all ages. “As our study shows，fathers do play a unique and important role in the mental health of their children much later in life，”Psychology professor Melanie Mallers of California State University said. For this study,912 adult men and women between the ages of 25 and 74 completed short daily telephone interviews about that day's experiences over an eightday period.The interviews focused on the participants' psychological and emotional distress (i.e.，whether they were nervous，sad，etc.) and if they had experienced any stressful events that day. The participants were also required to answer questions such as，“How would you rate your relationship with your mother during the years when you were growing up？”and “How much time and attention did your mother give you when you needed it？”The same questions were asked about fathers. People who reported they had a good motherchild relationship reported three percent less psychological distress compared to those who reported a poor relationship，according to Mallers. Men who reported having a good relationship with their father during childhood were more likely to be less emotional when reacting to stressful events in their current daily lives than those who had a poor relationship，according to her findings. Also，the quality of mother and father relationships was significantly associated with how many stressful events the participants faced on a daily basis.In other words，if they had a poor childhood relationship with both parents，they reported more stressful incidents over the eightday study when compared to those who had a good relationship with their parents. Mallers theorized why healthy or unhealthy relationships may have an effect on how people handle stress as adults，“Perhaps having caring parents equips children with the experiences and skills necessary to more successfully navigate their relationships with other people throughout childhood and into adulthood.”she 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 7 said. 【语篇导读】 最新研究发现，孩提时的父母与子女的关系会影响孩子成人以后的处理压力 的能力。 36．What can we know about the recent study from the passage? A．It was led by Melanie Mallers. B．912 adults who were over twentyfive joined in it. C．It lasted as long as eight days. D．It was funded just by California State University. 答案 C [细节理解题。从文中第三段第一句可知该研究进行了 8 天，故选 C 项。根据第三 段第一句可知，B 项不对；A、D 两项在文中没有信息支持。] 37．Which of the following may the participants be asked about in telephone interviews? A．Their physical condition. B．Their parenting skills. C．Their emotional distress and stressful events. D．Their childhood relationships with teachers. 答案 C [细节理解题。结合第三段最后一句和第四段的内容可知，被调查人员有可能被问 到他们的感情困扰和有压力的事情。故选 C 项。] 38．Which of the following statements is TRUE? A．Many people with good parentchild relationships still can't keep emotionally stable in stressful incidents. B．Men with a good motherchild relationship were more likely to be emotionally stable when reacting to stressful events. C．Women were better at getting along with their parents than men when they were young. D．People with good childhood relationships with parents suffered less stressful incidents. 答案 D [细节理解题。根据第七段“In other words，if they had a poor childhood relationship with both parents，they reported more stressful incidents over the eightday study when compared to those who had a good relationship with their parents.”可判断选 D。] 39．What can be concluded from the findings of the study? A．Childhood memories of parents have a lasting effect on one's ability to handle stress. 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 8 B．Adults with good childhood relationships with parents will live happily and successfully. C．The motherchild relationship is more important than the fatherchild relationship. D．The quality of parentchild relationships determines how people handle stress as adults. 答案 A [推理判断题。从文章第一段和接下来对研究内容和研究结论的描述可知，孩提时 与父母间的相关记忆可以影响一个人处理压力的能力。D 项错在 determines 的说法过于绝 对。] 【2015 高考复习】阅读理解 As China becomes increasingly urbanized (城市化的)，it has to find space for its urban and rural citizens as both groups become increasingly integrated. Experts suggest a possible model way may be reinventing a “garden city”． China's megacities are bursting at the borders and the country is now undergoing the quickest and biggest urbanization in the history of mankind. It is estimated that by 2025, China will have 400 million more people living in its cities, raising its urban population to 900 million. Besides, new satellite towns are mushrooming on the urban fringes while city ring roads are rippling outwards into the countryside at amazing speed. Satellite maps collected by Professor Joshua Bolchover at the University of Hong Kong bring the problem sharply into focus. They track the changing ruralurban framework in the past 30 years, and suggest that cities are cruelly destroying surrounding rural land and rapidly reducing the amount of arable(可耕种的)land, which gives way to new residential blocks, new industrial zones, new financial centers and the other inevitable signs and signatures of economic growth. This, however, is not sustainable growth pattern, especially when China has the world's largest population to feed. So concerned urban planners are starting to note the social and physical effects of diaspora(大移居)when replaced rural communities are forced into the cities. On the other hand, a trend of thought is gradually taking shape and this is the concept of the “garden city”， a combination of country and city that is being 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 9 proposed by architects and city planners. Hua Li, from Tao Architects, is among the many professionals with such a voice. His argument is supported by a longterm study on this subject. As Hua says, the answer is to preserve patches of productive farmland within urban boundaries. Less transportation means we have fresh agricultural products at lower costs and less carbon emission in the city. And urban farmland can also be showcased for agricultural tourism and education. The concept is already practiced at grass roots level.Agriculture has gone into the air, up to roof and balcony in some communities in the cities. It's common to see organic “hanging garden” on the roof of some traditional courtyard home. According to some people, the rooftop project translates into practical benefits, such as safe, nutritious vegetables and a cooler home in summer. Some say thanks to the tomatoes they plant that are natural insect killers, there're fewer mosquitoes. Apart from these, it also contributes to better bonding with neighbors. Zhang, a doctor in Beijing, began creating his hanging garden five years ago. Since his garden became home to 30 kinds of vegetables and fruit—all enough to feed his family, neighbors have enjoyed dropping by for a relaxing chat or just to see how well the lovely vegetables and fruit are growing. Although people like Zhang are still rare and the greening of roof space with vegetables and fruit takes skill and energy，with more positive media exposure and advanced technology there is the prospect that garden city will become common practice in the near future. By then, cities will no longer look so gray when seen from the satellites. 【语篇解读】 中国的城市化进程不断加快，这是一个我们不得不面对的现实。如果不 能较好地应对，这对我们来说将是个灾难。城市和农村将如何融合共生？ 16．Some experts suggest reinventing a “garden city” because________. A．it is the only model way to save the cities B．it helps stop destroying the rural areas C．increasing urbanization takes place in China D．China has the largest population to feed 答案 C [细节理解题。根据第一段第一句的内容可知，专家提议重建花园城市是因为中国 的城市化进程在不断加快。] 17．In Hua Li's opinion, a combination of country and city will________. A．benefit the environment and lower living costs B．become a project that needs a longterm study 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 10 C．lead to more rural communities being replaced D．attract more farmers to take tours in cities 答案 A [细节理解题。根据第四段倒数第二句“Less transportation means we have fresh agricultural products at lower costs and less carbon emission in the city.” 可知，城乡结合既保护了环境又降低了生活成本。] 18．Zhang is mentioned(in Paragraph 5)to show that________. A．he achieves his dream to own a hanging garden B．hanging gardens are becoming more popular C．the garden contributes to a better neighborhood D．he is a pioneer to practise the gardening concept 答案 C [推理判断题。根据第五段最后一句中的“neighbors have enjoyed dropping by for a relaxing chat or just to see how well the lovely vegetables and fruit are growing”可知，邻居们都喜欢来他的空中花园玩，这有助于建立良好的邻里关系。] 19．As for the concept of the“garden city”，the writer feels________. A．desperate B．hopeful C．disappointed D．concerned 答案 B [态度意图题。根据最后一段中的“there is the prospect that garden city will become common practice in the near future”可知，作者认为花园城市的构想是可行的， 在不久的将来会成为现实，故作者对此充满希望。]