【英语】2019届高考英语二轮复习阅读理解精选：（1）细节理解七选五1 13页

细节理解+七选五1‎ ‎1、They’re in restaurants,hotels and homes all over the world. The saltwater aquarium, with its colour fish, bring a piece of the wild into your living room.‎ But do you really know where those saltwater fish come from? A full 97 percent, yes, almost all kinds of saltwater fish can’t be bred in captivity (人工养殖). They must instead be taken from the ocean. And how is that done?‎ Most of the time, with sodium cyanide, it is a harmful chemical compound that many fish collectors in the Philippines, Sri Lanka, and Indonesia use to catch fish. They mix it with water and use it on the fish. Stunned, the fish can then be easily caught.‎ What does cyanide do to the fish? There is a scientific study on cyanide’s effects. When there is cyanide in water, fish lose their balance and have difficulty breathing. Some fish simply die then and there. Many, many more die on the way to captivity.‎ Although cyanide fishing in the Philippines, Sir Lanka, and Indonesia is not allowed, it sill happens too often. According to the World wildlife Fund, up to 90 percent of the saltwater fish that enter the US each year are caught this way. The Center for Biological Diversity is calling on the US government to avoid these imports.‎ ‎“Compared to many environmental problems now facing the world’s oceans, this is one that can easily be solved,” said Nicholas Whipps of the Center. “Because the US is such a powerful market player in this industry, the responsibility to stop this practice falls largely on the United State’ shoulders.”‎ In the Philippines, private planes bring in cyanide to the fisherman and then take away the live fish. Live fish give the fisherman a better life than dead ones, so more and more fishermen have turned from supplying the fish-for-food trade to the fish-for-aquariums trade.‎ The Center for Biological Diversity hopes the government will use the law to turn away cyanide-caught fish and persuade people to buy those only raised in captivity.‎ ‎1.What can we lean about cyanide fishing? A.It is within the law. B.It is the main reason why fish die. C.It brings death to many fish. D.It causes health problems for ‎ fishermen. 2.A fish collector can easily catch saltwater fish when ________. A.they become sick B.they are swimming in cyanide-filled water C.they consider cyanide as food D.they get out of breath while trying to escape 3.The underline word “this” in Paragraph 6 refers to _________. A.importing fish from foreign countries B.using private planes to carry fish C.overfishing in the ocean D.catching fish with cyanide 4.What does the Center want Americans to do? A.Say no to cyanide-caught fish. B.Keep cyanide fishing. C.Stay away from the harmful cyanide. D.Raise more fish in captivity.‎ ‎2、     Created in 1998 by Casey and Shelley Black, the Northern Lights Wildlife Wolf Center focuses on not only rescuing young abandoned wolves but educating the public. Unlike other centers, you can actually walk with the wolves and have exciting, hands-on interaction with them here. And so, we gathered one late winter morning to learn, prepare and walk.‎ ‎     Scrappy and Flora,our wolves that day,were brought to the center when only a few days old. “They lived in the house with us for the first several months. We treated them like human babies, fed them and slept with them,” said Shelley. So, they are totally used to people. However, these are wild animals. For that reason, Shelley and Casey explained, the walk is totally on the wolf’s terms. “We don’t approach them, but if they come up to us, we can touch them. ”‎ ‎     With all this in mind, we headed for the woods. We were walking on a logging road when suddenly,Flora, all 60 pounds of her,hurried up to me and raised up on her legs. She was almost as tall as me. As she leaned in, put her huge muddy paws on my shoulders and sniffed my face, apparently she was saying hello in wolf talk.‎ ‎     We walked farther, maybe half a mile, while Scrappy and Flora dashed in and out of the woods stopping to occasionally roll in the snow,dig for this or that and just play. Then we all headed into the trees to a picturesque stream where the wolves splashed,drank and had a great time.‎ ‎      One could point out that this whole adventure was staged and quite artificial. But the purpose, Casey and Shelley said,is to explain the wolves' place in the environment and,primarily,to let people know wolves don' t have to be universally feared—they really don' t hide secretly in the woods just waiting to eat people,but they' d rather avoid people,for the most part.‎ ‎1.How is the Northern Lights Wildlife Wolf Center different from others? A.It trains and educates wild wolves. B.It aims to rescue young abandoned wolves. C.It raises wolves for commercial purposes. D.It allows visitors to take a walk with wolves 2.What can be inferred from Shelley and Casey’s explanation in Paragraph 2? A.The walk can be potentially dangerous. B.The wolves have lost all their wildness. C.People should get close to the wolves actively. D.The wolves can read people’s mind like human babies. 3.Why did Flora behave like that when she saw the author on the logging road? A.To express curiosity. B.To show friendliness. C.To attract attention. D.To seek companionship. 4.Why do Casey and Shelley organize such an adventure? A.To advertise the center. B.To publicize wolf hunting. C.To promote environmental protection. D.To clarify some conventional views of wolves.‎ ‎3、    We can video chat with astronauts aboard the International Space Station and watch live footage from the frozen heights of Everest. But communicating with a submarine (潜艇)or a diver ‎ is not so easy. The lack of practical methods for sharing data between underwater and airborne devices has long been a frustration for scientists. The difficulty stems from the fact that radio signals work perfectly in air travel but poorly in water. Sonar (声呐)signals used by underwater sensors reflect off the surface of the water rather than reaching the air.‎ ‎   Now,researchers at MIT have developed a method with the potential to revolutionize underwater communication. “What we’ve shown is that it’s actually feasible to communicate from underwater to the air," says Fadel Adib,a professor at MJT’ s Media Lab,who led the research.‎ ‎    The MIT researchers designed a system that uses an underwater machine to send sonar signals to the surface, making vibrations (震动)corresponding to the ls and Os of the data. A surface receiver then reads and decodes these tiny vibrations. The researchers call the system  TARF. It has any number of potential real-world uses, Adib says. It could be used to find downed planes underwater by reading signals from sonar devices in a plane' s black box and it could allow submarines to communicate with the surface.‎ ‎    Right now the technology is low-resolution. The initial study was conducted in the MIT swimming pool at maximum depths of around 11 or 12 feet. The next steps for the researchers are to see if TARF is workable at much greater depths and under varying conditions—high waves, storms, schools of fish. They also want to see if they can make the technology work in the other direction— air to water.‎ ‎    If the technology proves successful in real-world conditions, expect “texting while diving” to be the latest underwater fashion.‎ ‎1.What does the author mainly talk about in Paragraph 1? A.The future of video chat underwater and in air. B.The frustrations of developing underwater devices. C.The difficulty of communication from water to air. D.The current situation of communicating with a submarine. 2.What does the underlined word “feasible”‎ ‎ mean? A.Achievable. B.Convenient. C.Changeable. D.Alternative. 3.What do we know about TARF? A.It is widely used to find downed planes. B.It can work well at great depths underwater. C.It is an underwater machine that sends signals. D.It can send,receive and read signals from underwater. 4.What is the best title for the text? A.The Real-world Uses of Sonar Technology B.Full Water-to-air Communication Closer to Reality C.A Breakthrough in the Application of Video Chat D.TARF Becoming a New Means of Communication ‎4、    A 37-year-old fast food courier(快递员) from Central China's Hunan province was crowned champion in a televised Chinese Poetry Knowledge Contest,winning fans over with his true love for ancient poems.‎ ‎    Lei Haiwei beat other competitors, including a Master’s degree graduate from the famous Peking University, in the third season of the Chinese Poetry Conference on China Central Television on April 4.‎ ‎    “My interest in ancient poems began as early as I was six years old," Lei said after winning the competition.‎ ‎    Born in a village of Dongkou county,Shaoyang city. Lei inherited his father Lei Changgens love of poems. “My father hoped I would grow up to be a man who keeps the mountains, rivers, lakes and seas in mind, the courier said.‎ ‎    “My son showed great interest in Chinese culture when he was a child. Every time I told him the stories behind each poem, he was totally absorbed,” Lei Changgen said. In the father’s small house, there is a four-storey bookshelf, the top of which is filled with poetry books. "My son bought most of them. He was keen on reading poems,” Lei Changgen said.‎ ‎    In 2001, the younger Lei graduated from a technical secondary school and found a job in Shanghai. During his stay there, Lei was fascinated by a poem titled Xia Ke Xing, which relighted Lei's love for poems. The poem’s author was the noted poet Li Bau who lived in the Tang Dynasty(618 - 907).‎ ‎    Lei began to read books related to ancient poems at bookstores or libraries in his spare time, since the wages he earned were not high enough for him to buy many. The young mein also developed a habit of reciting poems he liked writing them down after returning home.‎ ‎    Though Lei came to Hangzhou city in 2008 and works as a fast food courier,his love for poems hasn't faded. On his busiest workdays, the courier has to deliver more than 50 orders a day, earning up to 9 000 yuan a month. Even so,he seized any available moment to recite poems.‎ As for his future plans, the courier said he will stick to reading and reciting poems.‎ ‎1.About Lei Haiwei, we know that _______. A.he dislikes his present job B.his father is interested in poetry C.his father hopes him to travel across our country D.when he was a child, he couldn't understand the poems his father taught him 2.Which of the following statements is TRUE? A.Lei Haiwei's knowledge is richer than the students in Peking University. B.After Lei Haiwei found a job in Hangzhou, his preference to poems disappeared. C.As a courier, Lei Haiwei delivers more than 50 orders every day. D.Many people are interested in Lei Haiwei now.‎ ‎3.Which is the correct time order of the following events?‎ ‎①He found a job in Shanghai.‎ ‎②He graduated from a technical secondary school.‎ ‎③He worked as a courier.‎ ‎④He received the champion in the Poetry Knowledge Contest.‎ ‎⑤He got interested in Chinese poems.‎ A.⑤③④②① B.②⑤①④③ C.⑤②①③④ D.⑤②①④③ 4.What is the text mainly about? A.Many folk mavSters attend the Chinese Poetry Conference. B.A fast food courier wins poetry ‎ competition. C.The fast food courier is more powerful than college students. D.Learning ancient poems makes a fast food courier be famous.‎ ‎5、根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。‎ ‎    The hometown kid suddenly became the hometown hero last year. In 2016, four-time NBA MVP (Most Valuable Player) LeBron James led Ohio’s Cleveland Cavaliers(骑士队) to the team’s first-ever championship victory. lt was Cleveland’s first professional sports championship in 52 years. ①__________‎ ‎    In a 4-3 series win over California’s Golden State Warriors,James led the Cavs back from a 3-1 series deficit(落后)to the historic victory.This was the first time that any NBA team had overcome such a deficit in the finals. ②__________‎ ‎    ③__________ He also became the 10th player in NBA history to score 27,000 points in a career. He was the youngest player to achieve this.Jameses achievements in 2016 included making the All-NBA First Team and being named the Cleveland Sports Award Professional Athlete of the Year.‎ ‎    ④__________ While James made basketball history that season,he has also made headlines for his work off the court. He continues to work with his I Promise program. lt was created as part of the LeBron James Family Foundation to increase high school graduation rate in his hometown of Akron, Ohio. ⑤__________The I Promise Institute(协会) was started in 2015 together with the University of Akron. The school was created to support students who will attend the university for free thanks to the money James gave to it in 2015.‎ A. It really made Cleveland's fans concern.‎ B. James was named series MVP because of it.‎ C. It was really a piece of great news for the city.‎ D. James is famous all over the world for a reason.‎ E. Winning a title made it a historic season for James.‎ F. It also tries to help more young people go to college there.‎ G. James also drew the attention of the public for other things he did.‎ ‎6、根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。‎ Apologizing the Right Way to a Friend ‎    Why are apologies so difficult? Saying you are sorry can be one of the most difficult things you do. But we all make mistakes, so you'll probably have an occasion when you need to apologize.‎ ‎    Perhaps you had a big blow up and realized later you reacted poorly. ①__________Whatever the reason,apologizing can help you both heal and move on from the situation.‎ ‎  ②__________First, you acknowledge that you did something wrong. With an apology,you take responsibility for your actions,which allows your friend to forgive you. Second,an apology gives you sincerity as a friend.③__________,but that doesn’ t mean you still shouldn’ t apologize.‎ ‎    Now, what are elements of a proper apology? ④__________ ,depending on what the offense was,where it was done, and who you are apologizing to.  In general, a good apology should include the following: a request for their attention,an acknowledgment of what happened,sincerity in admitting you did something wrong and the words. "I'm sorry" or “I apologize."‎ ‎    Here are things never to say when apologizing. Note that the art of apologizing involves taking responsibility. Never apologize as a way to “shut someone up” when they are saying you hurt their feelings and you don’t think you did. ⑤__________,you should talk things through with your friend until you see why they are hurt or how you came across. You'll really need to self-reflect so you can see things from your friend' s point of view.‎ A. When you make your apology in person B. If you really believe you did nothing wrong C. Apologies benefit friendships in a variety of ways D. The way you apologize is going to be slightly different ‎ E. Or maybe you just didn’t show support when you needed to F. Apologizing the right way,however, may take a little practice G. Sometimes our pals forgive us easily for the minor things we do wrong ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 答案以及解析 ‎1答案及解析：‎ 答案：1.C; 2.B; 3.D; 4.A 解析：1.细节理解题。根据第四段中Some fish simply die then and there. Many , many more die on the way to captivity.可知氰化物钓鱼使得许多鱼死亡,故选C。 2.细节理解题。根据第三段中They mix it with water and use it on the fish. Stunned, the fish can then be easily caught.可知当咸水鱼在充满氰化物的水中游时,捕鱼者可以很容易地捕捉到它们,故选B。 3.推理判断题。根据第五段中的up to 90 percent of the saltwater fish that enter the US each year are caught this way. The Center for Biological Diversity is calling on the US government to avoid these imports.可知this指“通过氰化钠捕鱼”这种做法,故选D。 4.推理判断题。根据最后一段The Center for Biological Diversity hopes the government will use the law to turn away cyanide-caught fish and persuade people to buy those only raised in captivity.(生物多样性中心希望政府能够利用这一法律来禁止氰化物捕鱼,并说服人们购买那些只在人工饲养环境下养殖的鱼。)由此可推断出该中心希望美国人对氰化物捕鱼说不,故选A。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎2答案及解析：‎ 答案：1.D; 2.A; 3.B; 4.D 解析：‎ ‎【4题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据文章第一段第二句Unlike other centers，you can actually walk with the wolves and have exciting，hands﹣on interaction with them here．可知与其他地方不同的是，在这里你可以和狼一起行走，并与它们进行令人兴奋的互动。由此可见，它允许游客和狼一起散步。故选D。‎ ‎【5题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据第二段倒数第二句For that reason，Shelley and Casey explained，the walk is totally on the wolf's terms．"We don't approach them，but if they come up to us，we can touch them．"可知出于这个原因，雪莱和凯西解释说，"我们不接近他们，但如果他们接近我们，我们可以触摸他们。"由此可见，步行时过于主动地接近狼可能有潜在的危险。故选A。‎ ‎【6题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据文章第三段第二句We were walking on a logging road when suddenly，Flora， all 60 pounds of her，hurried up to me and raised up on her legs．She was almost as tall as me。 As she leaned in，put her huge muddy paws on my shoulders and sniffed my face， apparently she was saying hello in wolf talk．可知我们在一条伐木路上走着，突然，弗洛拉冲到我跟前，用腿站起来。她几乎和我一样高。当她靠在我身上，把她泥泞的大爪子放在我肩上，闻了闻我的脸，显然她是在和狼说话时打招呼。由此可见，它主要是表示友好。故选B。‎ ‎【7题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据最后一段第二句But the purpose，Casey and Shelley said，is to explain the wolves' place in the environment and，primarily，to let people know wolves don' t have to be universally feared﹣they really don' t hide secretly in the woods just waiting to eat people，but they' d rather avoid people，for the most part．可知目的是解释狼在环境中的位置，主要是让人们知道不必害怕狼，它们不需要躲在树林里等着吃人，在大多数情况下，它们宁愿避开人。由此可见，凯西和雪莱组织这样的冒险是为了澄清对狼的一些传统看法。故选D。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎3答案及解析：‎ 答案：1.C; 2.A; 3.D; 4.B 解析：‎ ‎【1题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第一段第二句But communicating with a submarine （潜艇）or a diver is not so easy．The lack of practical methods for sharing data between underwater and airborne devices has long been a frustration for scientists可知从水里向空气中传递信息，进行交流是很困难的。故选C。‎ ‎【2题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句Now，researchers at MIT have developed a method with the potential to revolutionize underwater communication．可知研究人员已经研究出了一种方法让人们从水里与外界进行沟通，说明海底与外界的沟通实际上是可行的。所以该词的意思是"可行的、可实现的"。故选A。‎ ‎【3题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第二段" The MIT researchers designed a system that uses an underwater machine to send sonar signals to the surface， making vibrations （震动）corresponding to the ls ‎ and Os of the data"可知，它可以从水下发送、接收和读取信号。故选D。‎ ‎【4题详解】‎ 主旨大意题。根据第一段最后两句和第二段第一句The difficulty stems from the fact that radio signals work perfectly in air travel but poorly in water． Sonar （声呐）signals used by underwater sensors reflect off the surface of the water rather than reaching the air. Now，researchers at MIT have developed a method with the potential to revolutionize underwater communication．可知，本文讲述的是水下与陆地上的通信在以前是无法实现的，但随着科技的进步，这一通讯逐渐能够变为现实。故选B。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎4答案及解析：‎ 答案：1.B; 2.D; 3.C; 4.B 解析：1.细节理解题。【关键句】 Born in a village of Dongkou county, Shaoyang city, Lei inherited his father Lei Changgen’s love of poems.(第四段第一句)译文:Lei生在邵阳市洞口县的一个村庄,他继承了他父亲Lei Changgen对诗歌的热爱。【解题思路】根据关键句可知,Lei的父亲也非常喜爱古诗词。故选B。 2.细节理解题。【关键句】A 37-year-old fast food courier(快递员) from Central China's Hunan province was crowned champion in a televised Chinese Poetry Knowledge Contest, winning fans over with his true love for ancient poems.(第一段)译文:一个来自中国湖南省的37岁外卖小哥在电视上播放的中国诗歌知识竞赛中夺冠,并凭借他对古诗词的热爱赢得了粉丝的支持。【解题思路】根据第二段可知,A项与原文不符;根据: 倒数第二段第一句可知,B项与原文不符;根据倒数: 第二段第二句可知,他在最忙的工作日要送50多份; 外卖,并没有说每天送50多份.C项与原文不符;根据关键句可知,现在有很多人对Lei感兴趣。故选D。 3.细节理解题。【解题思路】根据第三段内容可知,Lei六岁时就开始对古诗词感兴趣;根据第六段第一句、倒数第二段第—句和第一段内容可知,C项的时间顺序是正确的。 故选C。 4.主旨大意题。【解题思路】通读全文可知,本文主要讲述了一个外卖小哥凭借自己对古诗词的热爱和努力最终成为《中国诗词大会》冠军的励志故事,B项概括了本文主旨。故选B。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎5答案及解析：‎ 答案：C; B; E; G; F 解析：‎ LeBron James不仅在上个赛季的NBA冠军赛上大放异彩,场下他在公益方面也取得了很大的成就。‎ ‎1. C 根据前一句 “ It was Cleveland’s first professional sports championship in 52 years.”可知,这场胜利对于这个城市而言是一个极大的好消息。‎ ‎2. B 根据第二段中的“James led the Cavs back from a 3-1 series deficit(落后) to the historic victory”可知,James也因为在赛场上的优秀表现而被授予“最有价值球员”称号。‎ ‎3. E第三段主要是讲James在篮球比赛中取得的成就,获得了这些荣誉使得这个赛季成为James人生中历史性的时刻。‎ ‎4. G第四段主要是讲James在赛场下取得的一些成就,故此空是指 James在其他方面取得的一些成就也广受人们的关注。‎ ‎5. F 根据第四段中的“It was created as part of the LeBron James Family Foundation to increase high school graduation rate in his hometown of Akron,Ohio.”可推断,接下来应该介绍这个项目的另一个目的,即帮助他家乡更多的孩子们上大学。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎6答案及解析：‎ 答案：E; C; G; D; B 解析：‎ ‎【1题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据下文Whatever the reason，apologizing can help you both heal and move on from the situation．可知，不管是什么原因，道歉可以帮助你痊愈并从这种情况中继续前进。而实际情况是我们并没有通过道歉来表示出支持。故选E。‎ ‎【2题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据下文First，you acknowledge that you did something wrong．With an apology，you take responsibility for your actions，which allows your friend to forgive you．可知本段在介绍如何道歉使友谊受益。本段主要涉及不同的道歉方式，故选C。‎ ‎【3题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据下文but that doesn’t mean you still shouldn't apologize说明但这并不意味着你不需要道歉。可知有时我们的朋友会轻易地原谅我们做错的小事。故选G。‎ ‎【4题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据下文depending on what the offense was，where it was done， and who you are ‎ apologizing to说明取决于冒犯的内容，进行的地点以及你向谁道歉。可知你道歉的方式会略有不同。故选D。‎ ‎【5题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据下文you should talk things through with your friend until you see why they are hurt or how you came across可知你应该和你的朋友谈谈，直到你明白为什么他们受伤或你是如何遇到的。如果你真的相信你没有做错任何事，你就应该和朋友交流。故选B。‎ ‎ ‎