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2020-2021年高考英语完形填空讲解练习:不明作者态度和感情色彩而失分

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2020-2021 年高考英语完形填空讲解练习:不明作者态度和感情色彩而失分 技法指导 快速进入文章的意思就是能够做到整体带入,换句话说,就是我们要找到所有带有感情色彩的词(形 容词和副词)。而且,高中英语考试的感情色彩简单,只有两个:好,坏。 形容词和副词往往是用来表达 作者对待一件事物的思想感情的,空前后的内容的感情基调是高兴还是悲伤,是积极还是消极,直接决定 着这个空所填形容词或副词的感性色彩。阅读过程中,考生有时需要把握文章的情感线索,尽量与作者的 思想产生共鸣,正确理解作者所要表达的思想情感或内心感受。 精炼必刷题 (一) Experts are warning about the risks of extreme fussy eating(挑食)after a teenager developed permanent sight loss after living on a diet of chips and crisps. Since leaving 1 school, the teen had been eating only French fries, Pringles and white bread, as well as a(n) 2 slice of ham or a sausage. At the age of 14, feeling tired and not well, he was diagnosed with vitamin B12 deficiency(缺乏)and was 3 supplements(补充剂), but he did not 4 the treatment or improve his poor diet. Three years later, he was taken to the Bristol Eye Hospital because of progressive 5 loss. Dr Denize Atan, who 6 him at the hospital, said, “The teenager explained this eating disorder as a dislike of certain textures of food that he really could not 7 , and so chips and crisps were really the only types of food that he wanted and felt that he could eat.” 8 in B12 as well as some other important vitamins and minerals, he was not over or underweight, but was 9 malnourished (lacking nutrition) from his food intake disorder. “He had lost minerals from his bone, which was really quite 10 for a boy of his age.” In terms of his sight loss, he met the 11 for being registered blind. Dr Atan said, “He can’t drive and would find it really difficult to 12 , watch TV or recognize faces. He can walk around on his own, 13 , because he doesn’t lose peripheral( 周 边 的 )vision.” The condition the young man has is treatable 14 diagnosed early. Left too long, however, the nerve fibers in the optic nerve die and the damage becomes 15 . Dr. Atan said cases like this are thankfully uncommon, but that parents should 16 the potential harm that can be caused by picky eating, and seek expert help. Dr Atan said vegans(素食主义者)are also at increased risk of B12 deficiency-related sight problems if they do not replace what they can lack when 17 meat from their diet. “Multivitamin tablets can supplement a diet, but are not a(n) 18 for eating healthily. It’s much better to 19 vitamins through a varied and balanced diet,” she said, adding that too much of certain vitamins, including vitamin A, can be 20 , “so you don’t want to overdo it”. 1.A.vocational B.primary C.middle D.special 2.A.funny B.rigid C.occasional D.raw 3.A.forbidden B.denied C.prescribed D.offered 4.A.stick with B.cope with C.play with D.go with 5.A.diet B.sight C.weight D.wit 6.A.cured B.studied C.instructed D.treated 7.A.describe B.recognize C.tolerate D.receive 8.A.Abundant B.Lost C.Backward D.Lacking 9.A.severely B.scarcely C.seemingly D.sincerely 10.A.amusing B.normal C.shocking D.typical 11.A.situations B.criteria C.deadlines D.challenges 12.A.read B.sing C.dance D.laugh 13.A.even B.though C.still D.yet 14.A.since B.unless C.after D.if 15.A.persistent B.periodic C.persevering D.permanent 16.A.wake up to B.live up to C.stand up to D.come up to 17.A.excluding B.separating C.including D.distinguishing 18.A.companion B.substitute C.suggestion D.explanation 19.A.take off B.take after C.take in D.take over 20.A.rewarding B.compulsory C.restrictive D.poisonous (二) Joe Simpson and Simon Yates were the first people to climb the West Face of the Siula Grande in the Andes mountains. They reached the top 1 ,but on their way back conditions were very 2 . Joe fell and broke his leg. They both knew that if Simon 3 alone,he would probably get back 4 . But Simon decided to risk his 5 and try to lower Joe down the mountain on a rope. As they 6 down,the weather got worse. Then another 7 occurred. They couldn't see or hear each other and, 8 ,Simon lowered his friend over the edge of a precipice(峭壁). It was 9 for Joe to climb back or for Simon to pull him up. Joe's 10 was pulling Simon slowly towards the precipice. 11 ,after more than an hour in the dark and the icy cold,Simon had to 12 . In tears,he cut the rope. Joe 343 into a huge crevasse(裂缝) in the ice below. He had no food or water and he was in terrible pain. He couldn't walk, but he 14 to get out of the crevasse and started to 15 towards their camp,nearly ten kilometers 16 . Simon had 17 the camp at the foot of the mountain. He thought that Joe must be 18 ,but he didn't want to leave 19 . Three days later,in the middle of the night,he heard Joe's voice. He couldn't 20 it. Joe was there,a few meters from their tent,still alive. 1.A.hurriedly B.carefully C.successfully D.early 2.A.difficult B.similar C.special D.normal 3.A.climbed B.worked C.rested D.continued 4.A.unwillingly B.safely C.slowly D.regretfully 5.A.fortune B.time C.health D.life 6.A.lay B.settled C.went D.looked 7.A.damage B.storm C.change D.trouble 8.A.by mistake B.by chance C.by choice D.by luck 9.A.unnecessary B.practical C.important D.impossible 10.A.height B.weight C.strength D.equipment 11.A.Finally B.Patiently C.Surely D.Quickly 12.A.stand back B.take a rest C.make a decision D.hold on 13.A.jumped B. fell C.escaped D.backed 14.A.managed B.planned C.waited D.hoped 15.A.run B.skate C.move D.march 16.A.around B.away C.above D.along 17.A.headed for B.traveled to C.left for D.returned to 18.A.dead B.hurt C.weak D.late 19.A.secretly B.tiredly C.immediately D.anxiously 20.A.find B.believe C.make D.accept (一) 【答案】 1-5.BCCAB 6-10.DCDAC 11-15.BABDD 16-20.AABCD 【解析】 这是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。本文讲述的是挑食会引起永久的失去视力,通过一个实例告诉我们挑食会引起 的严重后果应该引起家长的重视。同时提醒素食主义者也存在这样的风险。最后告诉我们过多的食用维他 命会中毒。 1.考查形容词辨析。句意:自从离开小学后,这名青少年就一直只吃薯条、薯片和白面包。根据这一段后 面的 at the age of 14, feeling tired and not well,(14 岁的时候,他感觉到累还不舒服),可知,14 岁是上中学 的年龄,所以应该是他离开小学后就一直吃薯条、薯片和白面包。A. vocational 职业的;B. primary 初级的; C. middle 中级;D. special 特殊的。primary school 意为“小学”,故选 B。 2.考查形容词辨析。句意:偶尔吃点薄片火腿或者腊肠。A. funny 有趣的;B. rigid 严格的,死板的;C. occasional 偶然的,临时的;D. raw 生的,未经加工的。空格处单词与前半句中的 had been eating(经常吃)为反义呼 应,故选 C。 3.考查动词辨析。句意:在 14 岁的时候,他感觉累并且不舒服,被诊断出缺乏维他命 B12,并被开了处方 补充剂,但是他没有继续治疗或者改善饮食。A. forbidden 禁止;B. denied 否认;C. prescribed 开处方; D. offered 提供。由这句话中的 diagnosed 可知,他去看医生,并可推断是医生给他开了药方补充剂。故选 C。 4.考查动词短语辨析。句意同上。A. stick with 坚持,继续做;B. cope with 处理;C. play with 与……一起 玩;D. go with 与……一起存在。前面的 but 表示转折关系,可推知医生开了处方,他没有继续按照处方进 行治疗。故选 A。 5.考查名词辨析。句意:三年之后,因为逐渐的视力衰退,他被带到眼科医院。A. diet 饮食;B. sight 视力; C. weight 体重;D. wit 风趣,才思。根据第一段的 sight loss 或者前面的 Eye Hospital 可推知,他的视力出现 了问题。故选 B。 6.考查动词辨析。句意:Dr Denize Atan,在医院给他进行治疗的医生说“这个孩子解释他的饮食紊乱是因 为不喜欢某些事物的材质,这些材质让他真的无法忍受,因此,薯片和薯条成了他喜欢的。”A. cured 治愈; B. studied 学习,研究;C. instructed 指示,命令;D. treated 以……态度对待,处理。cure 是治愈的意思,与 文意不符合。故选 D。 7.考查动词辨析。句意同上。A. describe 描述,形容;B. recognize 认识,认出;C. tolerate 容忍,允许; D. receive 拿到,接到。由句子中的 a dislike of 可知,他不喜欢食物是因为不能忍受那些材质。故选 C。 8.考查形容词短语辨析。句意:缺乏 B12 和其他一些重要的维他命和矿物质,他不会超重,但是会严重缺 乏营养。be abundant in 富含;be lost in 沉浸于;be lacking in 缺乏,确少,backward 向后的,朝后的。空 格处单词与这句话括号内的 lacking 呼应,故选 D。 9.考查副词辨析。句意同上。A. severely 严重的;B. scarcely 几乎不,仅仅;C. seemingly 好像;D. sincerely 真诚的。由下句中的 He had lost minerals from his bone(他的骨头缺了矿物质)可知,他会严重缺乏营养。 故选 A。 10.考查形容词辨析。句意:他骨头里已经失去了矿物质,这对于他这个年纪的孩子来说是很令人震惊的。 A. amusing 逗人笑的,有乐趣的;B. normal 正常的;C. shocking 令人震惊的;D. typical 典型的。空格处单 词与下文中“cases like this are thankfully uncommon(像这样的案例不常见)”中的 uncommon 呼应,说明他 这种情况令人震惊。故选 C。 11.考查名词辨析。句意:就视力失去而言,他满足了被诊断眼盲的标准。A. situations 情况;B. criteria 标 准,条件;C. deadlines 期限;D. challenges 挑战。由下句“He can’t drive(他不能开车)”可推知,他的视力 满足了被诊断眼盲的标准。故选 B。 12.考查动词辨析。句意:他不可能开车了并且读书看电视或者识别脸都是很难的。A. read 读书;B. sing 唱歌;C. dance 跳舞;D. laugh 笑。由于空格后的 watch、recognize 都与视力有关,所以空格处也应填一个 并列的与视力有关的词。故选 A。 13.考查副词。句意:但是他可以自己走路,因为对周围的视力还没有失去。这边考查前后转折,though 作“但是”的时候通常位于句尾;still 和 yet 解释“但是”的时候位于句首。even(甚至,连)不表示转折关系。 故选 B。 14.考查连词。句意:这个年轻人的情况如果早诊断是可以治疗的。A. since 因为,自从; B. unless 除非; C. after 在……之后;D. if 如果。根据句意,他现在已经被诊断为眼盲,所以这句话是假设的一种情况。故 选 D。 15.考查形容词辨析。句意:然而,被拖了太长时间了,他的视神经中的神经纤维已经坏死,这个损伤是 永久的。A. persistent 固执的,持续;B. periodic 周期的;C. persevering 坚韧的;D. permanent 永久的。由 句中的 Left too long(拖得太久了)可推知,这种损伤已经是永久的了。故选 D。 16.考查动词短语。句意:家长应该意识到由挑食引起的潜在的伤害并且寻求专家的帮助。A. wake up to 意 识到,认识到;B. live up to 不辜负,达到;C. stand up to 勇敢面对,抵抗;D. come up to 达到,等于。根 据句意,作者提醒大家意识到这种潜在的伤害。故选 A。 17.考查动词辨析。句意:素食主义者同样也有与缺乏 B12 相关的视力问题的风险,如果不去代替可能缺 少的肉类中的物质。A. excluding 不包括,排除;B. separating 分离; C. including 包含;D. distinguishing 区 分,辨别。根据句中的“vegans”可知,他们不吃肉,所以会缺少肉类中的物质。故选 A。 18.考查名词辨析。句意:多元维他命药片可能会有补充,但是不能代替健康饮食。A. companion 旅伴,伴 侣;B. substitute 代替;C. suggestion 建议;D. explanation 解释。根据句意,多元维生素片只是一种补充,不 是替代品。故选 B。 19.考查动词短语辨析。句意:通过多样的健康的饮食能够更好的吸收维他命。A. take off 脱掉,起飞,腾 飞,迅速流行;B. take after 照顾;C. take in 吸收,欺骗;D. take over 接管。由于宾语是 vitamins,且根据句 意只能翻译为“吸收”。故选 C。 20.考查形容词辨析。句意:太多的某种维他命,包括维他命 A,有可能是有毒的,所以你不要过多的服 用。A. rewarding 有益的,有报酬的;B. compulsory 义务的,强制的;C. restrictive 限制的,约束了; D. poisonous 有毒的。由句中的“you don’t want to overdo it(你不能做的过了)”可知,过多服用不好,结合选项,故选 D。 (二) 【答案】 1-5.CADBD 6-10.CDADB 11-15.ACBAC 16-20.BDACB 【解析】 本文是一篇记叙文,在文中讲述了英国登山家乔·辛普森和西蒙·耶茨攀登秘鲁境内安第斯山脉米的 Siula Grande 峰时的遭遇,他们成功在西坡登顶。但是在下山时却遇到了困难,乔腿部受伤,西蒙不得不放弃乔, 西蒙本以为乔会死掉,结果三天后,乔奇迹般的走回了营地。 1.考查副词词义辨析。句意:他们成功地到达了山顶,但是在返回的路上情况非常艰难。A. hurriedly 匆忙 地; B. carefully 仔细地;C. successfully 成功地;D. early 早。根据上文“Joe Simpson and Simon Yates were the first people to climb the West Face of the Siula Grande in the Andes mountains”可知,他们成功地到达了山顶。 故选 C 项。 2.考查形容词词义辨析。句意:他们成功地到达了山顶,但是在返回的路上情况非常艰难。A. difficult 困 难的;B. similar 相似的;C. special 特别的;D. normal 正常的。根据下文 Joe fell and broke his leg 可知,下 山的路是很艰难的,故选 A 项。 3.考查动词词义辨析。句意:他们都知道,如果西蒙继续一个人走,他很可能会安全的回来。A.climbed 爬; B. worked 工作; C. rested 休息; D. continued 继续。根据上文可知,J 乔受伤了,所以西蒙如果不管乔, 一个人继续下山,他很可能会安全的回来。故选 D 项。 4.考查副词词义辨析。句意:他们都知道,如果西蒙继续一个人走,他很可能会安全的回来。A. unwillingly 不情愿地;B. safely 安全地;C. slowly 缓慢地;D. regretfully 遗憾地。Joe 受伤了,由情理可知如果西蒙不 顾及乔,他会安然返回。故选 B 项。 5.考查名词词义辨析。句意:但是西蒙决定冒着生命危险,试着用绳子把乔吊下山。A. fortune 财富; B. time 时间; C. health 健康;D. life 生活,生命。在困难的 情况下西蒙 带上受伤的同伴是在冒着生命的危险。 故选 D 项。 6.考查动词词义辨析。句意:他们下山时,天气变得更糟了。A. lay 躺,位于; B. settled 解决; C. went 去; D. looked 看。根据上文“but on their way back”可知,是在下山。故选 C。 7.考查名词词义辨析。句意:然后另一个麻烦随之而来。A. damage 损坏;B. storm 暴风雨;C. change 改 变;D. trouble 麻烦。根据前面内容可知 Joe 受伤就是一个麻烦事了,所以天气的恶劣对他们来说是另一个 麻烦。故选 D 项。 8.考查介词短语词义辨析。句意:他们看不见对方,也听不见对方说话,西蒙误把他的朋友放在了悬崖边。 A. by mistake 错误地 B. by chance 偶然地 C. by choice 出于选择; D. by luck 靠运气。由于恶劣的天气他们 看不清楚也听不清楚,因而西蒙错误地把乔用绳子放到了悬崖边,故选 A 项。 9.考查形容词词义辨析。句意:乔不可能爬回来,西蒙也不可能把他拉上来。A. unnecessary 没必要; B. practical 实际的 C. important 重要的; D. impossible 不可能。 因为 Joe 受了伤,而又是在悬崖边,所以对 于乔来说爬上来是不可能的,西蒙也是不可能下去救他,故选 D 项。 10.考查名词词义辨析。句意:乔的重量慢慢地把西蒙拉向悬崖。A. height 高度; B. weight 重量; C. strength 力气;D. equipment 设备。从故事内容可知西蒙 是在用绳子把乔往山下送,所以能影响到西蒙的是乔的重 量,故选 B 项。 11.考查副词词义辨析。句意:最后,在黑暗和冰冷中呆了一个多小时后,西蒙不得不做出决定。A. Finally 最终,最后; B. Patiently 耐心地; C Surely 当然; D Quickly 快地。 西蒙坚持到最后,不忍心放弃他的同 伴,故选 A 项。 12.考查动词短语词义辨析。句意:最后,在黑暗和冰冷中呆了一个多小时后,西蒙不得不做出决定。A. stand back 往后站;B .take a rest 休息; C .make a decision 做出决定;D. hold on 坚持。根据“after more than an hour in the dark and the icy cold”可知在黑暗和冰冷中呆了一个多小时后,西蒙不得不做出决定。故选 C 项。 13.考查动词词义辨析。句意:乔掉入了一个巨大的裂缝下面的冰上。A jumped 跳; B. fell 摔倒,掉下; C escaped 逃脱;D backed 支持。空前提到他割掉绳子,所有乔是摔了下去。故选 B 项。 14.考查动词词义辨析。句意:他不能走路,但他设法走出裂缝,开始向他们的营地移动,近 10 公里远。 A. managed 管理; B. planned 计划;C. waited 等待;D. hoped 希望。从下文可知 Joe 成功的爬回营地,活 了下来。所以这是他设法走出裂缝的结果。故选 A 项。 15.考查动词词义辨析。句意:他不能走路,但他设法走出裂缝,开始向他们的营地移动,近 10 公里远。 A. run 跑,经营;B. skate 滑冰;C. move 移动;D. march 行军。因为乔受伤了,所以是慢慢移动着。故选 C 项。 16.考查副词词义辨析。句意:句意:他不能走路,但他设法走出裂缝,开始向他们的营地移动,近 10 公 里远。A. around 周围;B. away 远离;C. above 在……上面;D. along 沿着。根据“nearly ten kilometers”可 知,此处指距离所以用 away。故选 B 项。 17.考查动词短语词义辨析。句意:西蒙已经回到山脚下的营地。A. headed for 朝某地进发;B .traveled to 旅 行去某地;C. left for 动身去某地;D. returned to 回到。根据“he didn't want to leave”可知,他回到营地了, 故选 D 项。 18.考查形容词词义辨析。句意:他认为乔一定是死了,但他不想马上离开。A. dead 死的;B .hurt 受伤的; C. weak 虚弱的;D. late 迟的。根据常识可知,在那种极端的情况下,他以为乔会死掉,故选 A 项。 19.考查副词词义辨析。句意:他认为乔一定是死了,但他不想马上离开。A. secretly 秘密地;B. tiredly 疲 倦地;C. immediately 立即;D. anxiously 焦虑地。根据后文“Three days later”可知他又在那里呆了三天,所 有没立离开。故选 C 项。 20.考查动词词义辨析。句意:他简直不敢相信。A. find 发现;B. believe 相信;C. make 使,制作;D. accept 接受。根据“Joe was there,a few meters from their tent,still alive.”可知他没想到乔会活着回来,所以不敢相 信自己的眼睛。故选 B 项。