北京市首都师范大学附属中学2021届高三上学期开学考试英语试题 Word版含解析 22页

首师大附中 2020--2021 学年度第一学期开学考试 高三英语 一、语法填空 A There will be a lecture in our library, at 4:00 on Wednesday afternoon. Our history teacher Mr. Zhang _____1_____ (invite)to talk about Chinese traditional festivals. I’m sure you’ll learn more about Chinese culture and customs. Please be present on time _____2_____ you might take a notebook and a pen with you. After the lecture, you are welcome ______3______(ask)questions and I’m sure Mr. Zhang will be glad to communicate with you. 【答案】1. will be invited 2. and 3. to ask 【解析】 这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了图书馆将有一个讲座，在周三下午 4 点举行。同时还介绍 了讲座的一些信息。 【1 题详解】 考查动词时态语态。句意：我们的历史老师张老师将被邀请来谈论中国的传统节日。根据上 文 There will be a lecture in our library, at 4:00 on Wednesday afternoon.可知为一般将来时，且 主语与谓语动词构成被动关系，故用一般将来时的被动语态。故填 will be invited。 【2 题详解】 考查连词。句意：请准时到场，你可以带上笔记本和笔。根据上文 Please be present on time 以及后文 you might take a notebook and a pen with you.可知此处为“祈使句+and+简单句”结 构，相当于 if 引导的肯定条件句。故填 and。 【3 题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：讲座结束后，欢迎大家提问，相信张先生会很高兴与大家进行交流。 结合句意表示“欢迎做某事”短语为 be welcome to do sth.。故填 to ask。 B Dear Jo, Thanks for you letter. Sounds like you had a good Christmas. Ours _____4_____(be)pretty good, too. Joan arrived just after breakfast and we went for a long walk in the morning. By the time we got home Mark ___5___ (cook)us a wonderful dinner. We just sat in front of the TV during the afternoon watching old films. Then, around midnight ______6______ we were just going to bed, Louise phoned form Australia to say “hallo”. She says she’s hoping to come to see us next Christmas. 【答案】4. was 5. had cooked 6. when 【解析】 这是一篇记叙文。主要为作者给朋友 Jo 写信，讲述自己家过圣诞节的经过。 【4 题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：我们的也很不错。上文 ours 指代“我们的圣诞节”，故谓语动词应 用单数形式，且事情发生在过去故应用一般过去时。故填 was。 【5 题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：我们到家时，马克已经为我们做了一顿丰盛的晚餐。根据上文 By the time we got home 可知表示在过去某个动作或某个具体时间之前已经发生、完成的动作，应 用过去完成时。故填 had cooked。 【6 题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：然后，大约午夜时分，当我们正要睡觉时，露易丝从澳大利亚打来电 话说“你好”。此处为定语从句修饰先行词 midnight，且先行词在从句中作时间状语，故应 用关系副词 when。故填 when。 C Like many travel industries, the negative influences on the environment seem to outweigh the positive _____7_____ (one). Though the cruise industry is relatively small compared to the airline industry, cruise ships and their passengers generate more waste and pollutant emissions while travelling and docked in port. A one-week voyage generates more ______8______ 50 tons of garbage, and 3.78 million litres of waste water is produced. That is water _____9_____ is harmful to the ocean life and cannot be poured back into the ocean without ______10______ (treat). These numbers are multiplied by more than 200 cruise ships sailing the word 365 days a year. 【答案】7. ones 8. than 9. which/that 10. being treated 【解析】 这是一篇说明文。说明了像许多旅游业一样，对环境的负面影响似乎超过了正面影响。虽然 邮轮行业相对于航空业来说规模较小，但邮轮及其乘客在旅行和停靠港口的过程中产生了更 多的废物和污染物排放。文章列举了具体的数字来说明邮轮行业对环境的污染问题。 【7 题详解】 考查代词。句意：像许多旅游业一样，对环境的负面影响似乎超过了正面影响。此处指代与 上文“负面影响”相对的“正面影响”，指代复数可数名词 influences 应用代词 ones。故填 ones。 【8 题详解】 考查固定短语。句意：一周的航行产生超过 50 多吨垃圾，产生 378 万升废水。结合句意表 示“超过”短语为 more than。故填 than。 【9 题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：那是对海洋生物有害的水，不经过处理就不能倒回海洋。此处为定语 从句修饰先行词 water，且先行词在从句中作主语，指物应用关系代词 which 或 that。故填 which/that。 【10 题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：那是对海洋生物有害的水，不经过处理就不能倒回海洋。without 为介词，后跟动名词作宾语，且 treat 与 water 构成被动关系，故应用 being done 形式。故填 being treated。 二、完形填空 For a long time Gabriel didn’t want to be involved in music at all. In his first years of high school, Gabriel would look pityingly at the music students,___11___across the campus with their heavy instrument cases,___12___at school for practice hours before anyone else had to be there. He swore to himself to___13___music, as he hated getting to school extra early. ___14___, one day, in the music class that was ___15___of his school’s standard curriculum, he was playing idly(随意地) on the piano and found it easy to pick out tunes. With a sinking feeling, he realized that he actually___16___doing it. He tried to hide his___17___pleasure from the music teacher, who had wandered over to listen. He might not have done this particularly well, ___18___the teacher told Gabriel that he had a good ___19___and suggested that Gabriel go into the music store-room to see if any of the instruments there ____20____him. There he decided to give the cello(大提琴) a ____21____. When he began practicing, he took it very casually. But he quickly found that he loved playing this instrument, and was committed to practicing it so that within a couple of months he was playing reasonably well. This ____22____, of course, that he arrived at school early in the morning, ____23____his heavy instrument case across the campus to the ____24____looks of the non-musicians he had left____25____. 11. A. travelling B. marching C. pacing D. struggling 12. A. rising up B. coming up C. driving up D. turning up 13. A. betray B. accept C. avoid D. appreciate 14. A. Therefore B. However C. Thus D. Moreover 15. A. part B. nature C. basis D. spirit 16. A. missed B. disliked C. enjoyed D. denied 17. A. transparent B. obvious C. false D. similar 18. A. because B. but C. though D. so 19. A. ear B. taste C. heart D. voice 20. A. occurred to B. took to C. appealed to D. held to 21. A. change B. chance C. mission D. function 22. A. proved B. showed C. stressed D. meant 23. A. pushing B. dragging C. lifting D. rushing 24. A. admiring B. pitying C. annoying D. teasing 25. A. over B. aside C. behind D. out 【答案】11. D 12. D 13. C 14. B 15. A 16. C 17. B 18. A 19. A 20. C 21. B 22. D 23. B 24. B 25. C 【解析】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了 Gabriel 看到学音乐的学生拿着重重的音乐器材穿过校 园，早上早练好几个小时，便不想学习音乐。然而，一天他不经意地弹奏，发现他喜欢弹奏。 因此他开始经历了那些学音乐的学生的历程。 【11 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在他上高中的头几年，Gabriel 会怜悯地看着那些拿着沉重的乐 器箱在校园里挣扎的学生，赶在其他人之前出现在学校练习几个小时。A. travelling 旅行；B. marching 前进；C. pacing 踱步；D. struggling 挣扎。根据“with their heavy instrument cases” 可知，每天上学的时候，Gabriel 总是同情地看着背着沉重的乐器的同学们艰难地穿梭于校 园中，struggle 努力，艰难地行进，斗争，符合语境。故选 D。 【12 题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：在他上高中的头几年，Gabriel 会怜悯地看着那些拿着沉重的乐 器箱在校园里挣扎的学生，赶在其他人之前出现在学校练习几个小时。A. rising up 上升；B. coming up 走近；C. driving up 抬高，开车赶到；D. turning up 出现。根据“ at school for practice hours …anyone else”可知，学习音乐的同学需要比不学音乐的早到学校几个小时，为了练 习弹奏乐器，turn up 原意“调高(音量)”，在此意为“出现”，符合语境。故选 D。 【13 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他对自己发誓要避免音乐，因为他讨厌早到学校。A. betray 背叛； B. accept 接受；C. avoid 避免；D. appreciate 欣赏。根据“as he hated getting to school extra early”可知，Gabriel 讨厌过早到校，因此他对自己发誓要避免音乐，故选 C。 【14 题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，有一天，在音乐课上（这是他学校标准课程的一部分）， 他在弹钢琴，发现弹起来很容易。A. Therefore 因此；B. However 然而；C. Thus 因此；D. Moreover 而且。结合上下文语境可知为转折关系，应用 however。故选 B。 【15 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，有一天，在音乐课上（这是他学校标准课程的一部分）， 他在弹钢琴，发现弹起来很容易。A. part 部分；B. nature 自然；C. basis 基础；D. spirit 精神。 结合后文 of his school’s standard curriculum 可知音乐课是学校的标准课程的一部分，言外之 意就是说，每个学生都得上这个音乐课。故选 A。 【16 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：带着一种消沉的感觉，他意识到他实际上很喜爱做这件事。A. missed 错过；B. disliked 不喜欢；C. enjoyed 喜爱，欣赏；D. denied 拒绝。根据后面一句中 的“pleasure”可知，他意识到他事实上喜欢弹钢琴。enjoy 喜爱，符合语境。故选 C。 【17 题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他试图对走过来听他演奏的音乐老师隐藏他明显的喜悦。A. transparent 透明的；B. obvious 明显的；C. false 错误的；D. similar 相似的。根据前面一句可 知，他意识到他事实上喜欢弹钢琴。结合上文 tried to hide his 可知推断他对音乐的这种喜悦 是很明显被发现的，所以要试图隐藏。故选 B。 【18 题详解】 考查连接词辨析。句意：他可能做得不是很好，因为老师告诉 Gabriel 他的乐感很好，并建 议 Gabriel 到音乐商店去看看那里有没有吸引他的乐器。A. because 因为；B. but 但是；C. though 虽然；D. so 所以。此处为原因状语从句，表示“因为”应用 because。故选 A。 【19 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他可能做得不是很好，因为老师告诉 Gabriel 他的乐感很好，并 建议 Gabriel 到音乐商店去看看那里有没有吸引他的乐器。A. ear 耳朵；B. taste 味道；C. heart 心；D. voice 声音。根据上文可知，他随意弹奏就能成曲子，说明他有乐感。a good ear“有 好的鉴赏力”，符合语境。故选 A。 【20 题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：他可能做得不是很好，因为老师告诉 Gabriel 他的乐感很好，并 建议 Gabriel 到音乐商店去看看那里有没有吸引他的乐器。A. occurred to 发生；B. took to 带 走；C. appealed to 吸引，呼吁；D. held to 坚持。根据语境可知，老师建议 Gabriel 走进音乐 商店看看有没有什么乐器能吸引他。故选 C。 【21 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在那里，他决定试一试大提琴。A. change 改变；B. chance 机会； C. mission 任务；D. function 功能。此处考查短语 give sth. a chance“尝试一下”。故选 B。 【22 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当然，这就意味着他一大早就到了学校，拖着沉重的乐器箱穿过 校园，他已经把非音乐生怜悯的看法抛在身后了。A. proved 证明；B. showed 展示；C. stressed 强调；D. meant 意味着。结合上文 But he quickly found that he loved playing this instrument, and was committed to practicing it so that within a couple of months he was playing reasonably well. 可知 Gabriel 爱上了大提琴，这意味着他早上要早到学校，拖曳这沉重的乐器穿过校园。故 选 D。 【23 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当然，这就意味着他一大早就到了学校，拖着沉重的乐器箱穿过 校园，他已经把非音乐生怜悯的看法抛在身后了。A. pushing 推；B. dragging 拖拽；C. lifting 举起；D. rushing 冲。根据后文 his heavy instrument case 可知是拖拽着沉重的乐器箱。故选 B。 【24 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当然，这就意味着他一大早就到了学校，拖着沉重的乐器箱穿过 校园，他已经把非音乐生怜悯的看法抛在身后了。A. admiring 钦佩；B. pitying 同情；C. annoying 惹恼；D. teasing 取笑。根据文章第一段中 Gabriel would look pityingly at the music students 可知，他很长时间不想从事音乐，他同情地看着学音乐的学生。故选 B。 【25 题详解】 考查介词辨析。句意：当然，这就意味着他一大早就到了学校，拖着沉重的乐器箱穿过校园， 他已经把非音乐生怜悯的看法抛在身后了。A. over 穿过；B. aside 在旁边；C. behind 在后面； D. out 出去。根据上题解析可知，他已经把非音乐生怜悯的看法抛在身后了。leave behind“留 下，超过”。故选 C。 三、阅读理解 A Fire Prevention Information The University of Adelaide employs a full-time staff of fire prevention professionals. They inspect all campus buildings and test and maintain all sprinkler(喷水灭火装置)systems fire alarms and fire extinguishers (灭火器). They also provide educational programs or fire safety in the residence hall. Whenever you move to a new area, you should locate the fire alarm pull stations and the two exits nearest your room. Fire Alarms The floors of all campus buildings are equipped with manual(手动的)fire alarm systems which include fire alarm pull stations and pipes. Most are also equipped with automatic fire alarm systems consisting of heat detectors, smoke detectors and sprinklers. For your safety, never tamper with(胡乱摆弄)these systems. False fire alarms are illegal and may lead to imprisonment. Fire Drills A fire drill will be conducted in your residence hall every semester. During a fire drill, please do the following: ·Take your room key and ID[Failed to download image : http://qbm-images.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/QBM/2020/8/3/2519867658747904/252207640 7029760/STEM/27096eaa2417471aa51c358ccc1823c6.png] close and lock the door to your room. ·Exit immediately from the nearest emergency exit do not use a lift. ·Meet outside of your residence hall and wait for further instructions. Fire Extinguishers Fire extinguishers are located on each floor and in each apartment. Use a fire extinguisher only if you have been trained to do so. Irresponsible use of a fire extinguisher can create a dangerous situation for other residents and could result in damage to personal property. Misuse of a fire extinguisher will result in fines. Smoke Detector A smoke detector is on the ceiling in your room. Some buildings also have heat detectors on the ceilings. Do the following to ensure the safe operation of your smoke detector: ·If your smoke detector is working properly, the red light should be on. If the red light is not blinking(闪动)，contact residence hall staff immediately. ·Do not cover or block your smoke detector in any way. ·If a smoke detector sets off an alarm and there is no fire or smoke, inform your hall staff. 26. What do the automatic fire alarm systems include? A. Pipes and smoke detectors. B. Smoke detectors and sprinklers. C. Fire alarm pull stations and pipes. D. Sprinklers and fire alarm pull stations 27. What do we know about the use of fire extinguishers? A. Using them wrongly results in punishment. B. Irresponsible use of them can damage them. C. Improper use of them can destroy the apartment. D. Using them without a trainer present is forbidden. 28. To ensure the safe operation of the smoke detector, one should_________. A. contact the hall staff regularly B. cover the things that burn easily C. start the smoke detector in a fire D. make certain the red light is working 【答案】26. B 27. A 28. D 【解析】 这是一篇应用文。介绍了防火的相关信息，包括：警报器的种类、消防演习的注意事项、灭 火器的使用、烟雾检测器的信息。 【26 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中 Most are also equipped with automatic fire alarm systems consisting of heat detectors, smoke detectors and sprinklers.可知大多数还配备了自动火灾报警系统，包括 热探测器、烟雾探测器和洒水器。由此可知，火灾自动报警系统包括烟雾探测器和洒水器。 故选 B。 【27 题详解】 细节理解题。根据 Fire Extinguishers 部分中 Misuse of a fire extinguisher will result in fines.可 知滥用灭火器会导致罚款。由此可知，不恰当地使用灭火器会导致被处罚。故选 A。 【28 题详解】 细节理解题。根据倒数第三段·If your smoke detector is working properly, the red light should be on. If the red light is not blinking(闪动)，contact residence hall staff immediately.可知·如果 您的烟雾探测器工作正常，红色指示灯应该是亮的。如遇红灯不闪烁，应立即与宿舍工作人 员联系。由此可知，为了确保烟雾探测器的安全运行，应该确保红灯在工作。故选 D。 B Good Morning Britain’s Susanna Reid is used to grilling guests on the sofa every morning, but she is cooking up a storm in her latest role — showing families how to prepare delicious and nutritious meals on a tight budget. In Save Money: Good Food, she visits a different home each week and with the help of chef Matt Tebbutt offers top tips on how to reduce food waste, while preparing recipes for under £5 per family a day. And the Good Morning Britain presenter says she’s been able to put a lot of what she’s leant into practice in her own home, preparing meals for sons, Sam,14, Finn,13, and Jack, 11. "We love Mexican churros, so I buy them on my phone from my local Mexican takeaway restaurant," she explains. "I pay £5 for a portion(一份), but Matt makes them for 26p a portion, because they are flour, water, sugar and oil. Everybody can buy takeaway food, but sometimes we’re not aware how cheaply we can make this food ourselves. " The eight-part series(系列节自), Save Money: Good Food, follows in the footsteps of ITV’s Save Money: Good Health, which gave viewers advice on how to get value from the vast range of health products on the market. With food our biggest weekly household expense, Susanna and Matt spend time with a different family each week. In tonight’s Easter special they come to the aid of a family in need of some delicious inspiration on a budget. The team transforms the family’s long weekend of celebration with less expensive but still tasty recipes. 29. What do we know about Susanna Reid? 学-科网 A. She enjoys embarrassing her guests. B. She has started a new programme. C. She dislikes working early in the morning. D. She has had a light budget for her family. 30. How does Matt Tebbutt help Susanna? A. He buys cooking materials for her. B. He prepares food for her kids. C. He assists her in cooking matters. D. He invites guest families for her. 31. What does the author intend to do in paragraph 4? A. Summarize the previous paragraphs. B. Provide some advice for the readers. C. Add some background information. D. Introduce a new topic for discussion. 32. What can be a suitable title for the text? A. Keeping Fit by Eating Smart B. Balancing Our Daily Diet C. Making yourself a Perfect Chef D. Cooking Well for Less 【答案】29. B 30. C 31. C 32. D 【解析】 【分析】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一档英国电视节目，给观众介绍如何减少食物浪费以及如何 以较少的预算做出美味佳肴。 【29 题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第一段 Good Morning Britain’s Susanna Reid is used to grilling guests on the sofa every morning, but she is cooking up a storm in her latest role 可知，她开辟了一个新的 节目。故选 B。 【30 题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的 In Save Money: Good Food, she visits a different home each week and with the help of chef Matt Tebbutt offers top tips on how to reduce food waste, while preparing recipes for under £5 per family a day.可知，Susanna 在厨师 Matt Tebbutt 的帮助下， 提供如何减少食物浪费同时花费低于£5 的一个家庭一整天的食谱。故选 C。解题关键词： 同义词表达 with the help of 和 help。 【31 题详解】 写作意图题。根据文章第四段中的 which gave viewers advice on how to get value from the vast range of health products on the market.可知，Save Money: Good Food 节目是 Save Money: Good Health 节目之后，给观众一些建议：如何从市场上众多的健康产品中获取价值。也就是给这 个节目补充背景信息，故选 C。 【32 题详解】 主旨要义题。根据文章的整体内容可知，文章作者一直在讲如何用较少的钱做出好的食物。 根据文章中的 prepare delicious and nutritious meals on a tight budget.（在资金紧张的情况下， 准备可口且有营养的饭菜）；how to reduce food waste, while preparing recipes for under £5 per family a day. 如何减少食物浪费同时花费低于£5 的一个家庭一整天的食谱；how cheaply we can make this food ourselves. 我们自己做这种食物有多便宜；less expensive but still tasty recipes.不贵但仍然可口的食谱。故 D 项 Cooking Well for Less 是最佳标题。 【点睛】本篇文章学生感到比较难的是 26 题，很多学生不知道作者在说什么，不明白作者 的意图，感到很茫然。根据文章中的 Save Money: Good Food, follows in the footsteps of ITV's Save Money: Good Health,…可知作者是为读者介绍了 Save Money 这个节目是怎么来的，即 是背景信息。 C Enough “meaningless drivel”. That’s the message from a group of members of the UK government who have been examining how social media firms like LinkedIn gather and use social media data. The House of Commons Science and Technology Committee’s report, released last week, has blamed firms for making people sign up to long incomprehensible legal contracts and calls for an international standard or kitemark (认证标记) to identify sites that have clear terms and conditions. “The term and conditions statement that we all carelessly agree to is meaningless drivel to anyone,” says Andrew Miller, the chair of the committee. Instead, he says, firms should provide a plain-English version of their terms. The simplified version would be checked by a third party and awarded a kitemark if it is an accurate reflection of the original. It is not yet clear who would administer the scheme, but the UK government is looking at introducing it on a voluntary basis. “we need to think through how we make that work in practice,” says Miller. Would we pay any more attention to a kitemark? “I think if you went and did the survey, people would like to think they would,” says Nigel Shadbolt at the University of Southampton, UK, who studies open data. “We do know people worry a lot about the inappropriate use of their information. But what would happen in practice is another matter,” he says. Other organisations such as banks ask customers to sign long contracts they may not read or understand, but Miller believes social media requires special attention because it is so new. “We still don’t know how significant the long-term impact is going to be of unwise things that kids put on social media that come back and bite them in 20 years’ time,” he says. Shadbolt, who gave evidence to the committee, says the problem is that we don’t know how companies will use our da ta because their business models and uses of data are still evolving. Large collections of personal information have become valuable only recently, he says. The shock and anger when a social media firm does something with data that people don’t expect, even if users have apparently permission, show that the current situation isn’t working. If properly administered, a kitemark on terms and conditions could help people know what exactly they are signing up to. Although they would still have to actually read them. 33. What does the phrase “meaningless drivel” in paragraphs 1 and 3 refer to? A. Legal contracts that social media firms make people sign up to. B. Warnings from the UK government against unsafe websites. C. Guidelines on how to use social media websites properly. D. Insignificant data collected by social media firms. 34. It can be inferred from the passage that Nigel Shadbolt doubts whether_______. A. social media firms would conduct a survey on the kitemark scheme B. people would pay as much attention to a kitemark as they think C. a kitemark scheme would be workable on a nationwide scale D. the kitemark would help companies develop their business models 35. Andrew Miller thinks social media needs more attention than banks mainly because_______. A. their users consist largely of kids under 20 years old B. the language in their contracts is usually harder to understand C. the information they collected could become more valuable in future D. it remains unknown how users’data will be taken advantage of 36. The writer advises users of social media to_______. A. think carefully before posting anything onto such websites B. read the terms and conditions even if there is a kitemark C. take no further action if they can find a kitemark D. avoid providing too much personal information 【答案】33. A 34. B 35. D 36. B 【解析】 这是一篇议论文。当我们在社交媒体上注册登记的时候，总会签署一些无意义的法律合同， 文章就此现象展开了讨论，并列举了多人的不同观点。 【33 题详解】 词义猜测题。根据第二段第一句“...... has blamed firms for making people sign up to long incomprehensible legal contracts....”可知很多社交媒体公司和用户签订了没有意义的法律合 同。而这些合同是没有意义的废话，也起不到任何作用，很多用户根本没有仔细阅读合同的 具体内容。所以通过上下文的语境可以判断出第 1 和第 3 段中的“meaningless drivel”指的是 社交媒体公司让人们签署的法律合同。故选 A。 【34 题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段中 Would we pay any more attention to a kitemark? “I think if you went and did the survey, people would like to think they would,” says Nigel Shadbolt at the University of Southampton, UK, who studies open data.”可知，我们能不能多注意一下认证标记？“我认为 如果你去做了调查，人们会认为他们会去做，”英国南安普敦大学研究公开数据的 Nigel Shadbolt 说。由此可推知，Nigel Shadbolt 怀疑人们是否会像他们认为的那样关注认证标记。 故选 B。 【35 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第五段 Other organisations such as banks ask customers to sign long contracts they may not read or understand, but Miller believes social media requires special attention because it is so new. “We still don’t know how significant the long-term impact is going to be of unwise things that kids put on social media that come back and bite them in 20 years’ time,” he says.可知其他机构，如银行，会要求客户签署他们可能不会读或理解的长期合同，但 Miller 认为，社交媒体需要特别关注，因为它是太新了。他说：“我们仍然不知道孩子们在社交媒 体上放的不明智的东西会产生多大的长期影响，而 20 年后这些东西又会回来伤害到他们。” 由此可知，Andrew Miller 认为社交媒体比银行需要更多的关注，主要是因为用户的数据将 如何被利用仍然是个未知数。故选 D。 【36 题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章最后一句 If properly administered, a kitemark on terms and conditions could help people know what exactly they are signing up to. Although they would still have to actually read them.可知如果管理得当，一个关于条款和条件的认证标记可以帮助人们知道他 们到底签了什么。尽管他们仍然需要真正阅读它们。由此可知，作者建议社交媒体用户阅读 条款和条件，即使有一个认证标记。故选 B。 D 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C 和 D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡 上将该项涂黑。 Bad news sells. If it bleeds, it leads. No news is good news, and good news is no news. Those are the classic rules for the evening broadcasts and the morning papers. But now that information is being spread and monitored(监控) in different ways, researchers are discovering new rules. By tracking people’s e-mails and online posts, scientists have found that good news can spread faster and farther than disasters and sob stories. “The ‘if it bleeds’ rule works for mass media,” says Jonah Berger, a scholar at the University of Pennsylvania. “They want your eyeballs and don’t care how you’re feeling. But when you share a story with your friends, you care a lot more how they react. You don’t want them to think of you as a Debbie Downer.” Researchers analyzing word-of-mouth communication—e-mails, Web posts and reviews, face-to-face conversations—found that it tended to be more positive than negative(消极的), but that didn’t necessarily mean people preferred positive news. Was positive news shared more often simply because people experienced more good things than bad things? To test for that possibility, Dr. Berger looked at how people spread a particular set of news stories: thousands of articles on The New York Times’ website. He and a Penn colleague analyzed the “most e-mailed” list for six months. One of his first findings was that articles in the science section were much more likely to make the list than non-science articles. He found that science amazed Times’ readers and made them want to share this positive feeling with others. Readers also tended to share articles that were exciting or funny, or that inspired negative feelings like anger or anxiety, but not articles that left them merely sad. They needed to be aroused(激发) one way or the other, and they preferred good news to bad. The more positive an article, the more likely it was to be shared, as Dr. Berger explains in his new book, “Contagious: Why Things Catch On.” 37. What do the classic rules mentioned in the text apply to? A. News reports. B. Research papers. C. Private e-mails. D. Daily conversations． 38. What can we infer about people like Debbie Downer? A. They’re socially inactive. B. They’re good at telling stories. C. They’re inconsiderate of others. D. They’re careful with their words. 39. Which tended to be the most e-mailed according to Dr. Berger’s research? A. Sports new. B. Science articles. C. Personal accounts. D. Financial reviews. 40. What can be a suitable title for the text? A. Sad Stories Travel Far and Wide B. Online News Attracts More People C. Reading Habits Change with the Times D. Good News Beats Bad on Social Networks 【答案】37. A 38. C 39. B 40. D 【解析】 本文是说明文。人们常说“没有消息就是最好的消息”，类似的传统说法只适合于大众媒体。 在网络普及的时代，好消息在网络上的传播速度比坏消息要快很多。 【37 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“The ‘if it bleeds’ rule works for mass media”可知，像“it bleeds”这样 的传统说法适用于大众媒体，故选 A。 【38 题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段中“you care a lot more how they react”可知，你非常在乎朋友听完你 讲的故事后的反应，根据“You don’t want them to think of you as a Debbie Downer.”可知，你不 想被当作一个“Debbie Downer”，说明 Debbie Downer 指的是“一个不为他人考虑的人”，故选 C。 【39 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“articles in the science section were much more likely to make the list than non-science articles”可知，科技类的文章比非科技类的更有可能被人们讨论，故选 B。 【40 题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段“By tracking people’s e-mails and online posts, scientists have found that good news can spread faster and farther than disasters and sob stories.”可知，好消息在网络 上传播得更快，影响更深远；说明文章主要讲的是好消息通过网络的传播，故选 D。 第二节 （共 5 题，每小题 3 分，共 15 分） 阅读短文，并按题目要求用英语回答问题。 Since the mid-1980s,the Aluminum Cans for Burned Children Burn Camp has been offering children with burn sears a week of relief."They have a lot of emotional things that they go through,trying to fit back in with society with their scars,"said Becky Mundy.burn center education coordinator at Akron Children's Hospital. The camp typically has around 15 campers.Many are repeat customers,and most were treated at Akron Children's Hospital or began coming after they moved to the area.The camp is free to campers and is funded by an organization named Aluminum Cans for Burned Children which raises money for burn survivors and their families. The Thursday of the camp week is Fire Truck Day,when dozens of local fire trucks arrive, along with camp alumni(校友），doctors and nurses,and family members.Campers get to see fire vehicles up close and interact with the firefighters. Sometimes,they are the very ones who rescued the campers,months or years earlier.It is,they say,a bond that never goes away.But Fire Truck Day contributes in another way,allowing them to see each other in a different light. Memories of a bad fire can be unforgettable.Nearly two years ago,Pazdernik carried an injured girl out of a burning house in which her parents perished,and later the girl was adopted by a kind family. On Fire Truck Day,Pazdernik got to see the girl he saved,Shaniya Simpson.She shared a hug with the firefighters who had rescued her.and said it was good to see them. ＂I think it helps her heal,"said Kim Canterbury,who was Shaniya's teacher at the time of the fire."Just by saying thank you." It was good for Pazdernik,too."To see her go on with life and be happy,you're able to see that you had an impact on her,"he said."lt's definitely a lot more fulfilling." 41. Which kind of children does the camp work for?(no more than 5 words) 42. Who provides financial support for the camp?(no more than 10 words) 43. Why does Fire Truck Day have special meaning to both firefighters and the campers?（no more than 15 words) 44. What does the underlined word"perished"in Paragraph 5 mean?(only I word) 45. If you are to be a volunteer of the camp,what will you do to help the campers?（no more than 25 words) 【答案】41. Children with burn scars. 42. An organization named Aluminum Cans for Burned Children. Or:Aluminum Cans for Burned Children. 43. Because it allows them to see each other in a different light. 44. Died. 45. I'll treat the poor children like my own brothers and sisters and try my best to help them fit back in with society. 【解析】 本文是一篇说明文。介绍了为烧伤儿童提供救济的一个营地——the Aluminum Cans for Burned Children Burn Camp。 【41 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段的 Since the mid-1980s,the Aluminum Cans for Burned Children Burn Camp has been offering children with burn scars a week of relief.(自 20 世纪 80 年代中期以来， the Aluminum Cans for Burned Children Burn Camp 一直为有烧伤疤痕的儿童提供一个星期 的抚慰。)可知，这个营地为烧伤的孩子服务。根据字数，故答案为：Children with burn scars. 【42 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段的 The camp is free to campers and is funded by an organization named Aluminum Cans for Burned Children which raises money for burn survivors and their families.(该 营地对露营者是免费的，由一个名为“烧伤儿童铝罐”的组织资助，该组织为烧伤幸存者及 其家人筹集资金。)可知，夏令营的经济资助来自一个名为“烧伤儿童铝罐”的组织.,根据字 数, 故答案为：An organization named Aluminum Cans for Burned Children. Or: Aluminum Cans for Burned Children. 【43 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段的 But Fire Truck Day contributes in another way, allowing them to see each other in a different light.可知，但消防车日以另一种方式做出了贡献，使他们能够在不同 的光线下看到对方。因此可知，消防日对于消防员和营员们都是特殊的是因为他们可以在不 同的光线下看到彼此。根据字数，故答案为:Because it allows them to see each other in a different light. 【44 题详解】 词义猜测题。根据下文 later the girl was adopted by a kind family.可知，这个女孩被收养了， 因此推断她的父母在大火中死了。故划线词词义与 die 同义。故答案为 die。 【45 题详解】 推理判断题。通读全文可知，这个营地里都是一些被火烧伤的可怜的孩子，因此，作为夏令 营的志愿者，应该给予他们关心爱护，像对待自己的兄弟姊妹一样对待他们，竭尽全力给予 他们帮助，让他们尽快回到社会中去。故答案为：I'll treat the poor children like my own brothers and sisters and try my best to help them fit back in with society. 五、作文 第一节 应用文 46.假定你是李华，你校英文报“外国文化”栏目拟刊登介绍美国节日风俗和中学生生活的短 文。请给美国朋友彼得写信约稿，要点如下：1.栏目介绍；2.稿件内容；3.稿件长度：约 400 词；4.交稿日期：6 月 28 日前。 注意：1.词数 100 左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3.开头语已为你写好。 Dear Peter， I'd like to ask you to write an article for our school's English newspaper. _______________________________________________________________________________ _____________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _____________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _____________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _____________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _____________ ________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Dear Peter, I'd like to ask you to write an article for our school’s English newspaper. The “Foreign Cultures” section in our newspaper is very popular among us students. It carries articles written by foreign friends about the cultures of their home countries. Would you please write something about the culture in your part of the United States? And we would especially welcome articles about how Americans spend their holidays and festivals, and the life of American high school students. You can write anything relevant so long as it’s interesting and informative. 400 words would be fine. Could we have your article before June 28? I’m looking forward to hearing from you. 【解析】 【分析】 这是一篇提纲作文。写一封信给美国朋友彼得。 【详解】假定你是李华，你校英文报“外国文化”栏目拟刊登美国节日风俗和中学生生活的短 文。请给美国朋友彼得写信约稿，要点如下：1.栏目介绍。2.稿件内容；3.稿件长度：约 400 词汇 4.交稿日期：6 月 28 日前天 注意：1.词数 100 左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文 连贯的；3.开头语已为你写好。动笔前，一定要认真分析要点，不能遗漏要点。写作时注意 准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要 注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。根据写作要点我们可以初步确定文章可 能使用到的词汇和短语有：be popular among ； so long as；look forward to 等。可以使用的 衔接词：1.表文章结构顺序：First of all, Firstly/First, Secondly/Second… And then, Finally, In the end, At last, Above all。2.表并列补充关系：What is more, Besides, Moreover, Furthermore, In addition, as well as, not only…but (also) 。通过词汇铺垫，我们就很容易地行文了，文章写完 之后要检查文中是否存在拼写或语法错误。 【点睛】本文是一篇英文书信，格式正确，内容齐全，结构严谨，布局合理，运用高级句子。 It carries articles written by foreign friends about the cultures of their home countries.使用一般现 在时态的被动；And we would especially welcome articles about how Americans spend their holidays and festivals, and the life of American high school students.在这里 how 引导介词的宾语 从句；Could we have your article before June 28?问句的运用很是巧妙。 第二节 情景作文 47.假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。停课期间，妈妈过生日，你在学习之余给妈妈准备了 丰盛的生日晚餐。请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，写一篇稿件，记述整个过程。 注意：词数不少于 60。 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】During the winter vacation, my father and I celebrated my mother’s birthday, which made me feel great. At eight that morning, I was about to study when suddenly my father came into my room and whispered to me that day was my mother’s birthday. Wow! It was time for me to celebrate it for her. I decided to bake a birthday cake and prepare a rich family dinner in person. After finishing all my work, I learned how to bake a cake on line without delay. It took me a long time to make it. And then, I was immediately busy preparing all dishes. The moment my mother stepped into, the celebration began. My father expressed his best wishes with a bunch of roses. My mother was moved with tears rolling in her eyes, seeing all we had done. Chatting merrily, we were immersed in the warm atmosphere. 【解析】 【分析】 本篇书面表达属于图画作文。 【详解】第一步：根据提示可知，假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。停课期间，妈妈过生日， 你在学习之余给妈妈准备了丰盛的生日晚餐。请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，写一篇稿件， 记述整个过程。 第二步：根据图片确定文章内容和关键词语，第一幅图要表达爸爸告诉作者今天是妈妈的生 日；第二幅图表达作者从网上搜寻如何制作蛋糕；第三幅图表达作者为妈妈制作生日蛋糕， 准备丰盛的晚餐；第四幅图表达作者和爸爸为妈妈庆祝生日。关键词语有：celebrate my mother’s birthday, bake a birthday cake, prepare a rich family dinner, on line, express best wishes， Chatting merrily, warm atmosphere. 第三步：根据提示和关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。本文用一般过 去时。 第四步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接和过渡，书写一定要规范清晰， 保持整洁美观的卷面是非常重要的。 【点睛】范文内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。作者在范文中使用了较多高级表 达方式，如 During the winter vacation, my father and I celebrated my mother’s birthday, which made me feel great.运用了非限制性定语从句；It was time for me to celebrate it for her.运用了 It was time for sb. to do sth.句型；It took me a long time to make it.运用了“花费某人时间做某 事”句型；My mother was moved with tears rolling in her eyes, seeing all we had done.运用了非 谓语动词和定语从句。全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。文章 思路清晰，层次分明，上下句转换自然，为文章增色添彩。