新人教英语选修10高中Unit 1《Nothing ventured, nothing gained》学案-语法 5页

Unit1Nothingventured,nothinggained语法知识归纳梳理本单元主要学习定语。英语中作定语的结构比较多：单个的词（形容词、名词、数量词、形容词性物主代词及少数副词等）、短语（形容词性短语、名词短语、非谓语动词短语）、从句（限制性定语从句、非限制性定语从句）。定语是高考中重要的采分点，也是进一步学习英语的基础。现分述如下：１、单个的词做定语：ThisisavaluablelessonRobertlearnedfromthespider.这是罗伯特从蜘蛛那里学到的很有价值的一课。TheteacupwasbrokenbyTomyesterday.那茶杯是汤姆昨天打坏的。Iwasmadetohelpcooktwenty-eightmealsthreetimesaday.我被迫一日三餐帮助做二十八个人的饭菜。Theboyasleep(=Thesleepingboy）wasadoptedbythecouple.睡觉的孩子是那对夫妇领养的。Thepeoplethereareallfromabankruptfactory.那里的那些人都是来自一个破产的工厂。注意：１）以a-开头的形容词通常只作表语，作定语时要后置；副词和非限制性结构的短语作定语也要后置。２）名词做定语表示被修饰词的用途、制作用的原料、时间、空间、地点等；而形容词做定语只对被修饰词进行描述。真题；[来源:]１．Whenweplanourvacation,motheroftenoffers_____suggestions.A.carefulB.practicalC.effectiveD.acceptable解析；practical和suggestions搭配，该句的逻辑才通顺：“可行的建议”。故选B。２．—I’mvery_____withmyowncooking.Itlooksniceandsmellsdelicious.—Mmm,itdoeshavea_____smell.A.pleasant;pleasedB.pleased;pleased;C.pleasant;pleasantD.pleased;pleasant解析：bepleasedwith是“对某事满意”意思；pleasant是“令人愉快”意思。故选D。２、短语做定语：Shackletonthrewsomegoldcoinsandhisgoldwatchontotheice.沙克尔顿把一些金币和他的金表扔到了冰上。 TomOrde-Leesisaselfishandbad-temperedmemberofthecrewandhisattitudemayupsetotherpeople.汤姆·奥德·利兹是船员中自私而又脾气暴躁的人，他的态度会使别人不安。Heisamanofgoodmanners.他是很有礼貌的人。真题：１．Allthepeople_____atthepartywerehissupporters.A.presentB.thankfulC.interestedD.important解析：(be)presentat是“出席”的意思。故选A。２．_______studentsarerequiredtotakepartintheboatrace.[来源:.Com]A.TenstrongyoungChineseB.TenChinesestrongyoungC.ChinesetenyoungstrongD.YoungstrongtenChinese解析：该题考察作定语的几类词的“语序”。通常是：数词／冠词／或其他限定词＋形容词（两个或更多的形容词，其序是“从抽象到具体”）＋做定语的名词＋被修饰名词。故选A。３．The_____housesmellsasifithasn’tbeenlivedinforyears.A.littlewhitewoodenB.littlewoodenwhiteC.whitewoodenlittleD.woodenwhitelittle解析：道理与上一题相同。故选A。４．JohnSmith,asuccessfulbusinessman,hasa______car.A.largeGermanwhiteB.largewhiteGermanC.whitelargeGermanD.Germanlargewhite解析：道理与第２题同。故选B。５．Ourneighborhas______ours.A.asabighouseasB.asbigahouseasC.thesamebighouseasD.ahousethesamebigas解析：在as…as结构中，第一个as是副词,第二个as是连词，asbig是形容词短语,修饰名词短语ahouse。故选B。３、非限制性结构做定语：…Shackletonexplainedhisplantosaveus…….，沙克尔顿就解释他要救我们的计划。ThemoneycollectedtohelptheHopeSchoolhasn’tbeensentoutyet.（collected后置侧重表示被动）被募集起来帮助希望小学的款还没有寄出呢。 Thegirlstandingbythedoorismyniece.站在门旁的女孩是我的侄女。Thesleepingchildisverynaughty.在睡觉的那个男孩很淘气。真题：1.I’veworkedwithchildrenbefore,soIknowwhat____inmynewjob.A.expectedB.toexpectC.tobeexpectingD.expects解析：不定式作定语修饰what，其他选项不能和what形成搭配。故选B。2.Thepicture_____onthewallispaintedbymynephew.[来源:]A.havinghungB.hangingC.hangsD.beinghung解析：现在分词作后置定语，相当于省略的定语从句。故选B。3.Pricesofdailygoods____throughacomputercanbelowthanstoreprices.A.areboughtB.boughtC.beenboughtD.buying解析：过去分词作定语表示“被动”和“已发生”。故选B。4.I’mgoingtothesupermarketthisafternoon.Doyouhaveanything_____?A.tobebuyingB.tobuyC.forbuyingD.bought解析：不定式作anything的定语，意思是：要买的东西。故选B。5.LindaworkedfortheMinnesotaManufacturingandMiningCompany,_____as3M.A.knowingB.knownC.beingknownD.tobeknown解析：过去分词短语作定语，等于whichisknownas…非限制性定语从句。　故选B。6.Theoldman,_____abroadfortwentyyears,isonthewaybacktohismotherland.A.toworkB.workingC.tohaveworkedD.havingworked解析：逗号之间的部分是非限制性定语从句，等于whohasworkedabroad…　，故选D。7.ReadingisanexperiencequitedifferentfromwatchingTV;therearepictures_____inyourmindinsteadofbeforeyoureyes.A.toformB.formC.formingD.havingformed解析：现在分词做定语，等于that/whichforminyourmind。故选C。8.Theflowers_____sweetinthebotanicgardenattractthevisitorstothebeautyofnature.A.tosmellB.smellingC.smeltD.tobesmelt解析：道理与７小题同。故选B。 9.Thedisc,digitally_____inthestudio,soundedfantasticatthepartythatnight.A.recordedB.recordingC.toberecordedD.havingrecorded解析：道理与第３、５小题同。故选A。10.Sarah,hurryup.I’mafraidyouwon’thavetimeto_____beforetheparty.A.getchangedB.getchangeC.getchangingD.gettochange解析：该题考查get的搭配。getdone是半／准被动语态，表示状态。故选A。４、从句做定语：（常用的引导词：which,that,who,whom,whose,as,when,where,why等）IyellinahoarsevoicethatIhardlyrecognizeasmyown.我用自己都辨认不出来的沙哑声音尖叫着。Theoldmanwhosedaughterisanursewasaheadmaster.女儿是护士的那位老人过去当校长。Theoldman,whosedaughterisanurse,wasaheadmaster.那位老人，他的女儿是护士，过去当校长。Thebuildingwhichwaspaintedinredwasbuiltinthe1990s.那座粉刷成红色的建筑是上世纪90年代建造的。Aseverybodyknows,JonesmarriedMark.众所周知，琼斯嫁给了麦克。JonesmarriedMark,as/whicheverybodyknows.琼斯嫁给了麦克，正如大家所知／这件事大家都知道。注意：定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。that不能引导非限制性定语从句，在定语从句中也不能直接放在介词后面；但是定语从句的先行词是两种或两种以上不同类的名词或先行词受到某些特殊词（allonlyanyfirstlastvery形容词的最高级、序数词等）修饰，则要用that代替which引导定语从句。真题：1.Anyway,thatevening,_____I’lltellyoumoreaboutlater,IendedupstayingatRachle’splace.A.whenB.whereC.whatD.which解析：which引导非限制性定语从句，代替thatevening,在从句里做about的宾语。故选D。2._____isoftenthecase,wehaveworkedouttheproductionplan.A.WhichB.WhenC.WhatD.As[来源:学§科§网]解析：as引导的非限制性定语从句在位置上灵活，可以放在句首、句中、句末，在意思上含有“比较”义。故选D。 3.Luckily,we’dbroughtaroadmapwithout_____wewouldhavelostourway.A.itB.thatC.thisD.which解析：在定语从句中，引导词that不能直接放在介词后。故选D。4.Theresultoftheexperimentwasverygood,_____wehadn’texpected.A.whenB.thatC.whichD.what[来源:Z*xx*k.Com]解析：which引导非限制性定语从句，代替主句所讲的事情；that不能引导非限制性定语从句；what不能引导定语从句。故选C。5.Thesehousesaresoldatsuchalowprice____peopleexpected.A.likeB.asC.thatD.which解析：该题１）涉及such…as结构；２）as引导此定语从句含“比较”意——正如人们所期盼的那样。故选B。6.Haveyouseenthefilm“Titanic”,_____leadingactorisworld-famous?A.itsB.it’sC.whoseD.which解析：在定语从句本身做定语，只能用whose。故选C。7.Helenwasmuchkindertoheryoungestsonthantotheothers,____,ofcourse,madetheothersenvyhim.A.whoB.thatC.whatD.which解析：同第四小题。故选D。8.He’sgothimselfintoadangeroussituation_____heislikelytolosecontrolovertheplane.A.whereB.whichC.whileD.why解析：该定语从句的先行词是situation，where在从句本身做地点状语。故选A。