高考英语二轮复习与增分策略专题一阅读理解第三节题组练习4时文报道 10页

只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。时文报道A(2017·甘肃甘谷二中一模)TheHealthyHabitsSurvey(调查)showsthatonlyaboutonethirdofAmericanseniorshavecorrecthabits.Herearesomefindingsandexpertadvice.1．Howmanytimesdidyoubrushyourteethyesterday?·Finding：Afull33%ofseniorsbrushtheirteethonlyonceaday.·Step：Removethe300typesofbacteriainyourmoutheachmorningwithabattery-operatedtoothbrush.Brushgentlyfor2minutesatleasttwiceaday.2．Howmanytimesdidyouwashyourhandsorbatheyesterday?·Finding：Seniors，onaverage，bathefewerthan3daysaweek.Andnearly30%washtheirhandsonly4timesaday—halfofthenumberdoctorsrecommend.·Step：Wetouchourfacesaround3,000timesaday—ofteninvitinggerms(病菌)toenterourmouth，nose，andeyes.Usetoiletpapertoavoidtouchingthedoorhandle.And，mostimportantly，washyourhandsoftenwithhotrunningwaterandsoapfor20seconds.3．Howoftendoyouthinkaboutfightinggerms?·Finding：Seniorsarenotfightinggermsaswellastheyshould.·Step：Beawareofgerms.Doyouknowitisnotyourtoiletbutyourkitchen10 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。sponge(海绵)thatcancarrymoregermsthananythingelse？Tokillthesegerms，keepyourspongeinthemicrowavefor10seconds.语篇解读　本文为应用文，题材为介绍说明类——调查报告。本文介绍了对美国年长者健康生活习惯的调查结果及专家建议。1．WhatisfoundoutaboutAmericanseniors?A．Mostofthemhavegoodhabits.B．Nearly30%ofthembathethreedaysaweek.C．Allofthemarefightinggermsbetterthanexpected.D．Aboutonethirdofthembrushtheirteethonlyonceaday.答案　D解析　细节理解题。根据第一条调查结果“Afull33%ofseniorsbrushtheirteethonlyonceaday.”可知D项正确。2．Doctorssuggestthatpeopleshouldwashtheirhands.A．twiceadayB．threetimesadayC．fourtimesadayD．eighttimesaday答案　D解析　细节理解题。根据第二条调查结果中30%的年长者一天洗手四次，而这个数目是“halfofthenumberdoctorsrecommend(医生建议数目的一半)”，故医生建议每天洗手的次数应该是八次。3．WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothetext?A．Weshouldkeepfromtouchingourfaces.B．Therearelessthan300typesofbacteriainthemouth.C．Akitchenspongecancarrymoregermsthanatoilet.D．Weshouldwashourhandsbeforetouchingadoorhandle.答案　C解析　细节理解题。在第三条调查结果中的Step部分，作者用了一个强调句型“...itisnotyourtoiletbutyourkitchensponge(海绵)thatcancarrymoregermsthananythingelse？”来说明：不是你的洗手间而是你厨房里的海绵携带更多的病菌。故选C项。B(2017·甘肃天水甘谷二中一模)Menarespendingmoreandmoretimeinthekitchenencouragedby10 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。celebrity(名人)chefslikeGordonRamsayandJamieOliver，accordingtoareportfromOxfordUniversity.Theeffectofthecelebrityrolemodels，whohavegivencookingamoremanlypicture，hascombinedwithamoregeneraldrivetowardssexualequalityandmennowspendmorethantwicetheamountoftimepreparingmealsthantheydidin1961.AccordingtotheresearchbyProf.JonatahnGershuny，whorunstheCentreforTimeResearchatOxford，mennowspendmorethanhalfanhouradaycooking，upfromjust12minutesadayin1961.Prof.Gershunysaid，“Themaninthekitchenispartofamuchwidersocialtrend.Therehasbeen40yearsofsexualequality，butthereisanother40yearsprobablytocome.”Women，whoagenerationagospentnearlytwohoursadaycooking，nowspendjustonehourandsevenminutes—agreatfall，buttheystillspendfarmoretimeinthekitchenthanmen.Someexpertshavenamedthesemeninapronsas“Gastrosexuals(menusingcookingskillstoimpressfriends)”，whohavebeeninspiredtopickupakitchenknifebythesuccessofRamsay，OliveraswellasothermalecelebritychefssuchasHughFearnley-Whittingstall，MarcoPierreWhiteandKeithFloyd.“Iwasmarriedin1974.Whenmyfathercametovisitmeafewweekslater，IwaswearinganapronwhenIopenedthedoor.Helaughed，”saidProf.Gershuny.“Thatwouldneverhappennow.”Two-thirdsofadultssaythattheycometogethertoshareatleastthreetimesaweek，evenifitisnotnecessarilyaroundakitchenordiningroomtable.Prof.Gershunypointedoutthatthefamilymealwasnowrarelyeatenbyallofitsmembersaroundatable—withmany“familymeals”infacttakenonthesofainthesittingroom，andsharedbyfamilymembers.“Thefamilymealhaschangedalot，andfewofuseat—asIdidwhenIwasachild—atleasttwomealsadaytogetherasafamily.Butithassurvivedinadifferentformat.”语篇解读　牛津大学的一篇报道说，男性下厨的时间比以前多了。一方面的原因是男性名人厨师的影响，另一方面更多的是男女平等观念的影响。4．Whatisonereasonbehindthetrendthatmenspendmoretimecookingthanbefore?A．Thedevelopmentofsexualequalitycampaign.B．Theinfluenceofpopularfemalechefs.10 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。C．Thechangeoffemale’sviewoncooking.D．Theimprovementofcooks’status.答案　A解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Theeffectofthecelebrityrolemodels，whohavegivencookingamoremanlypicture，hascombinedwithamoregeneraldrivetowardssexualequality...”可知，男性名人在电视上展示厨艺和受到性别平等的心理驱使，导致男性在做饭上花得时间更多了。故选A。5．Whatdoestheauthorthinkaboutthetimemenandwomenspendoncooking?A．Menspendmoretimecookingthanwomennowadays.B．Itwilltake40yearsbeforemenspendmoretimeatthestovethanwomen.C．Womenspendmuchlesstimeoncookingthanbefore.D．Thereisasharpdeclineinthetimemenspendoncookingcomparedwith1961.答案　C解析　细节理解题。根据第五段的内容可知，女性下厨的时间比以前少了，但是还是比男性多。故选C。6．HowdidProf.Gershunyseethefamilymealaccordingtothepassage?A．Ithasbecomeathingofthepast.B．Itisverydifferentfromwhatitusedtobe.C．Itshouldn’tbeadvocatedinmoderntimes.D．Itisbeneficialtothestabilityofthefamily.答案　B解析　细节理解题。根据最后一段的“Thefamilymealhaschangedalot，andfewofuseat...Butithassurvivedinadifferentformat.”可知，现在家人在一起聚餐和以前不同了。故选B。7．Whichisthebesttitleforthepassage?A．TheChangesofFamilyMealsB．EqualityBetweenMenandWomenC．Cooking—aThingofthePastforWomenD．CookingintoaNewTrendforMen答案　D解析　标题归纳题。根据第一段的内容可知，本文的主旨是男人下厨做饭成为新潮流。故选D。C(2017·吉林长春外国语学校期中)10 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。ThisyearRio，ahostoftheOlympics2016，isintheinternationalspotlight.★Phelpsputsspotlightoncupping(拔火罐)OlympicgoldmedalistMichaelPhelpsledAmericanswimmerstoagoldmedalinthe4×100-meterrelay，butwhatgrabbedmediaattentionandledtostoriesandphotosaroundtheglobewerethepurpleandredcirclesonhisback.MichaelPhelpsoftheUSAisseenwithredcuppingmarksonhisshoulderashecompetesduringthe2016RioOlympicsmen’s200mbutterflyinRiodeJaneiro，Brazil，Aug8,2016.★FacialexpressionsofChineseswimmerFuYuanhuigoesviralChina’swomen’sswimmerFuYuanhuihascreatedasensationonlinenotjustbywinningthebronzemedalinthe100mbackstrokecompetition，butalsobyherfacialexpressionsduringthepost-semifinalinterviewwithChinaCentralTelevision(CCTV)onMonday.Whenaskedwhethersheheldbackforthefinal，Fureplied，“No，Iutilizedmy‘prehistorical’power.”Whatshemeantwasthatshehadsparednoeffortsinthesemifinal.Sincethen，theso-called“prehistoricalpower”hasgoneviralandbecomeanewInternetmeme.★BritainwinsfirstOlympicdivinggoldinmen’ssynchronized3mspringboardBritain’sJackLaugherandChrisMearsendedChina’sgoldmedalmonopoly(垄断)overdivingeventsattheRioOlympicsbywinningthemen’ssynchronized3mspringboardfinalonWednesday，thecountry’sfirst-everOlympicgoldmedalindiving.LaugherandMearsfinishedwithasix-roundtotalof454.32points，just4.11pointsaheadofsilvermedalistsMikeHixonandSamDormanoftheUSAattheMariaLenkAquaticsCenter.China’sCaoYuanandQinKaitookthebronzewith443.70points.语篇解读　本文是一篇新闻报道，主要介绍了里约奥运会上的一些热点聚焦。8．WhatattractedmediaattentionwithPhelps’winningthegoldmedal?A．Hisgreatleadership.B．Hisscarsonhisback.C．Thecuppingmarksonhisback.D．Hisachievementshemadeinthemen’s200mbutterfly.答案　C10 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。解析　细节理解题。根据第一条新闻下面第一段中的“whatgrabbedmediaattentionandledtostoriesandphotosaroundtheglobewerethepurpleandredcirclesonhisback”可知，Phelps获得冠军时引起媒体注意的是他背上拔火罐后留下的痕迹。故选C。9．WhichofthefollowingisNOTthereasonwhyFuYuanhuibecamethespotlight?A．Herdevotionanddeterminationtoswimming.B．Herachievementinthe100mbackstrokecompetition.C．Herfacialexpressionsduringthepost-semifinalinterview.D．Herhumourousreplytothereporter—socalled“prehistoricalpower”．答案　A解析　推理判断题。根据第二条新闻下面的“China’swomen’sswimmerFuYuanhuihascreatedasensationonlinenotjustbywinningthebronzemedalinthe100mbackstrokecompetition，butalsobyherfacialexpressions...”以及“Sincethen，theso-called‘prehistoricalpower’hasgoneviralandbecomeanewInternetmeme.”可知，B、C和D三项内容都是傅园慧获得媒体关注的原因。根据排除法可知，选A。10．Whatcanwelearnfromthethirdnews?A．Chinadidn’twinanygoldmedalsindivingeventsattheRioOlympics.B．BritainbecamethegoldmedalmonopolistofdivingeventsattheRioOlympics.C．MikeHixonandSamDormanoftheUSAtooksilverwith447.81points.D．BritainhadneverwontheOlympicdivinggoldmedalbeforetheRioOlympics.答案　D解析　推理判断题。根据第三条新闻下面的“Britain’sJackLaugherandChrisMearsendedChina’sgoldmedalmonopoly(垄断)overdivingeventsattheRioOlympicsbywinningthemen’ssynchronized3mspringboardfinalonWednesday，thecountry’sfirst-everOlympicgoldmedalindiving.”可判断出，英国在此之前从未在奥运会上获得跳水冠军。故选D。11．Wheredoesthistextprobablycomefrom?A．Ahistorytextbook.B．Anewsreport.C．Adetectivenovel.D．Atravelbrochure.答案　B解析　文章出处题。根据文章内容可判断出，本文主要是介绍了里约奥运会上的一些热点聚焦，因此，本文最有可能来自新闻报道。故选B。D(2017·第三次全国大联考)Despitelong-termuncertainties，Brexit(英国脱欧)offersatreasuretroveof10 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。potentialopportunitiesforChina-UKandChina-EuropeanUnion(EU)relationsinthefuture，withChinaeyeingapotentialfreetradeagreementwiththeUKforwiderworldmarketentranceandRMBinternationalization，Chineseexpertssaid.TheUK’sbreakawayfromEUmembershipopensthedoortofreertradewithChina，currentlytheUK’ssixthlargestexportdestinationandthirdlargestsourceofimports.Contrarily，itcouldallowChineseproductsthatmeetUKstandardstoenteravastswathofCommonwealthnationsinAfrica，LatinAmericaandSouthAsia，accordingtoWeiJianguo，vicechairmanofBeijing-basedthinktankChinaCenterforInternationalEconomicExchanges(CCIEE)onFriday.ExistingChina-UKmechanismsare“poisedtoaccelerate”，Weisaid，citingthe1.7-billion-pound(2.12billion)RoyalAlbertDocksproject.InMay2013，ChinesedeveloperABPsealedthemegadealwithLondontoturnitshistoricdockintoa3.5million-square-footofficecomplex，makingitabustlingAsianbusinessportandLondon’sthirdbusinessdistrict.InOctober2015，witnessedbyChinesePresidentXiJinpingandUKthen-PrimeMinisterDavidCameron，China’sCITICConstructionsignedadealtobecometheproject’sgeneralcontractor.OnNov.10,2016，fourmajorChinesebanksagreedtofollowuponitsfinancing.Refuting(反驳)reportsthatsomeChineseenterprisesviewBritainasmerelyaspringboardtoenterthewiderEuropeanmarket，andthatBrexitwouldjeopardizethiseffect，WeisaidthatisnotthecasebasedonwhatheobservedduringrecentvisitstoJiangsuandZhejiangProvinces，bothstrongholdsofprivatecompanieswithglobalreach.“ImetpeoplefromHuawei，GeelyAutoandmanymoreprivateenterprises.Theysaidtheydon’tseeanyinvestmentasasteppingstonetoanother，becauseeachnewmarketisdifferent，”Weisaid.WeiexpressedoptimismaboutthefutureofChina-UKrelations，citing，amongotherfactors，thesofarmildnatureoftheUK’sdeparturefromtheEU.TheeconomyoftheUKhasmaintainedgoodmomentumaftertheBrexitannouncement.In2016，itsGDPincreasedby1.8percent，thehighestrateinWesternEuropeandsecondfastestintheG7groupafterGermany.UKisamainhubfortheoffshoretradingofChinesecurrency.Thetwocountrieswillcontinuetobenefitfromtheirhighlycomplementaryeconomies，withChinainneedofhelpwithgreenfinanceandtheUKwantingChineseexportsofmechanicalproducts，textiles，rawmaterialsandhigh-speedrailinvestment，saidZhang10 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。Yansheng，chiefresearcheratCCIEE.“AChina-UKfreetradeagreementwillestablishSino-BritishrelationsasanexampleofChina’s‘newformofgreat-powerrelationships’withdevelopedcountries.ItmightalsopavethewayforaChina-EUBilateralInvestmentTreaty(BIT)，”saidDingYifan，aneconomistattheStateCouncil’sDevelopmentResearchCenter.语篇解读　文章主要阐述了英国脱欧对于中国而言更是个发展对外关系的好时机。12．Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?A．BrexitbenefitsbothUKandEUalot.B．BrexithasposedgreatopportunitiesforChina.C．BrexitmaycausegreatlossforEU.D．BrexitisstilluncertainforUKandChina.答案　B解析　主旨大意题。根据文章第一段和全文的内容可知文章讲的是英国脱欧对于中国而言更是个发展对外关系的好时机。故选B。13．WhatcanweconcludefromPara.2－3?A．TheUK’sbreakawayfromEUmembershiphasrestricteditsfreetradewithChina.B．UKhasbeenthesixthlargestexportdestinationandthirdlargestsourceofimporttoChina.C．OnlyaftermeetingUKstandardscanChineseproductscomeintothemarketofCommonwealthnations.D．TheRoyalAlbertDocksprojecthasbeenagreatchallengetoChina-UKrelationship.答案　C解析　推理判断题。根据文章第二段中的“itcouldallowChineseproductsthatmeetUKstandardstoenteravastswathofCommonwealthnationsinAfrica，LatinAmericaandSouthAsia”可知选C。14．WhichofthefollowinghastheclosestmeaningtotheunderlinedwordinPara.4?A．Strengthen.B．Resist.C．Damage.D．Promote.答案　C10 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。解析　词义猜测题。依据画线词所在段落的意思可知：之前曾有报道称一些中国企业只不过将英国视为一个进入更广阔欧洲市场的跳板，而英国脱欧会损害这一效果，魏建国批驳了这一报道。故选C。15．WhatcanbeinferredaccordingtowhatDingYifansaid?A．Chinaonlyattachimportancetotherelationshipswithwesterncountries.B．Sino-Britishrelationisthemostpowerfulrelationshipintheworld.C．China-UKfreetradeagreementcanensuregoodSino-Britishrelationsforever.D．TheimprovedrelationshipofSino-BritishmayaswellhaveagoodeffectonChina-EUrelations.答案　D解析　推理判断题。依据文章最后一段DingYifan所说的内容可知：中英自贸协定将使得中英关系成为中国和发达国家建立“新型大国关系”的榜样，还可能为中欧双边投资协定做好准备。故选D。Ⅰ.单词梳理1．Howmanyteeth(tooth)didthedentisttakeout?2．Hehadanoperation(operate)onhisleg.3．Thewavesgently(gentle)lapagainsttheshore.4．Thedoctoradvisedhimtobathe(bath)inthesun’srays.5．Heplaysgolfnearly(near)everyweekend.6．Expensiverestaurantsarenotnecessarily(necessary)thebest.7．Airpollutionisaglobal(globe)problem.8．Shegaveexpression(express)tohersadness.9．Heiscurrently(current)engagedindialectresearch.10．Contrarily(contrary)，IwillwriteinEnglishfirst.Ⅱ.短语提炼A．英汉互译1．atleast　　　　　　　　　　至少2．aswellas也；还；和3．accordingto按照4．spend...(in)doingsth.花费……做某事5．指出pointout6．不遗余力，竭尽全力sparenoefforts10 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。7．在……之前aheadof8．根据，以……为基础bebasedonB．运用上述短语完成下列句子1．Heorderedhislifeaccordingtostrictrules.2．Thisnovelisbasedonhistoricalfacts.3．Shemaybeyoungbutatleastshe’sreliable.4．Astillbettertomorrowliesaheadofyou.5．Whenthemistakewaspointedouttohimhehastenedtocorrectit.6．I’llsparenoeffortstoaccomplishthetaskbytheendofnextmonth.7．Hespentallhisenergyinclimbinguphills.8．Shecanplaytennisaswellasbasketball.Ⅲ.翻译与仿写1．Herearesomefindingsandexpertadvice.句式分析　这是一个副词位于句首引起的倒装句。翻译　这里是一些发现和专家意见。仿写　邮递员来了！Herecomesthepostman!2．Whenaskedwhethersheheldbackforthefinal，Fureplied，“No，Iutilizedmy‘prehistorical’power.”句式分析　“Whenaskedwhethersheheldbackforthefinal”是一个时间状语从句的省略句，省略掉了Fuwas。翻译　当被问及她是否为决赛有所保留时，傅回答说：“不，我尽了洪荒之力。”仿写　当在那家工厂工作时，他交了许多朋友。Whenworkinginthatfactory，hemadealotoffriends.10