高考英语二轮复习与增分策略专题一阅读理解第三节题组练习9人物介绍科普知识环境保护时文报道 10页

只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。人物介绍+科普知识+环境保护+时文报道A(2017·第一次全国大联考)AlanSimpsonformed，withRayGalton，oneofthegreattelevisionscriptwritingpartnerships.TheirearlyworkwithTonyHancockpioneeredwhatbecameknownassituationcomedy.AlanSimpsonwasborninBrixton，Londonon27November1929.Afterleavingschool，heobtainedajobasashippingclerkbeforecontractingtuberculosis.Hebecamesoillthathewasnotexpectedtoliveandwasgiventhelastrites.However，hesurvived.Andhemethisfuturepartner，anotherteenageTBsufferernamedRayGalton.TheydiscoveredasharedloveofAmericanhumoristssuchasDamonRunyonandhadbothlistenedtoradiocomedyprogrammesTakeItfromHereandTheGoonShows.Theirfirstworktogetherwasforhospitalradio.HaveYouEverWonderedwasbasedontheirexperiences，whichwasplayedoutin1949.WhenSimpsonlefthospitalhewasaskedbyalocalchurchconcertpartytowriteashowandheropedinRayGaltontohelp.Thepairalsolinkedupwithseveralotherpromisingnewcomedywritersandperformersofthetime，notablyEricSykes，PeterSellers，FrankieHowerdandTonyHancock.Theywerequicklytiredoftheformatofradiocomedyshowsofthetimewhichincludedmusic，sketchesandone-liners，andlongedforsomethingwithmoredepth.Theycameupwiththeideaofcomedywhereallthehumourcamefromthesituationsinwhichcharactersfindthemselves.TonyHancock10 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。likedtheideaandHancock’sHalfHourwasborn.Itisoftencreditedasthefirsttrueradiositcom，althoughtwoothershowsofthetime，ALifeofBlissandLifewiththeLyons，werealreadyusingtheformatin1954whenHancockfirstaired.In1956theseriestransferredtoTVandranuntil1961.Anotheroriginalfourseriesranbetween1962and1965andtheshowwasrevivedbetween1970and1974，duringwhichtimetwofeaturefilmversionswerealsoreleased.Itprovedtobethehighpoint.Simpsonquitwritingin1978topursuehisotherbusinessinterestsalthoughheandGaltonremainedclosefriends.In1996theyreunitedtoupdatesomeoftheirbest-knownscriptsforthecomedianPaulMerton.Simpsonblamedtheirlaterlackofpopularityonthefactthatshowswerecommissionedbyarmiesofmanagersratherthanproducers.AlanSimpsonpassedawaytoday,8February,2017.语篇解读　本文主要介绍了情景喜剧先驱者之一AlanSimpson与其搭档RayGalton一起创作并出演了很多令人印象深刻的作品。他的作品遍及二十世纪四十年代至七十年代。现在他离开了我们，但他的作品却让我们铭记。1．Whichofthefollowingcanbestreplacetheunderlinedword“ropedin”inParagraph4?A．Persuaded.B．Cheated.C．Followed.D．Ordered.答案　A解析　词义猜测题。根据第四段画线部分后面的tohelp可知此处意为“说服”，故A项符合题意。2．WhatcanweknowfromParagraph4?A．Hancock’sHalfHourwasthefourthtrueradiositcom.B．AlanSimpsonwasoneofthepioneersofsituationcomedy.C．EricSykes，PeterSellers，FrankieHowerdandTonyHancockwerepromisingperformersofthetime.D．Between1970and1974twofeaturefilmversionsreleasedmadeAlan’scareercometothehighpoint.答案　C解析　细节理解题。根据第四段第二句“Thepairalsolinkedupwithseveralother10 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。promisingnewcomedywritersandperformersofthetime，notablyEricSykes，PeterSellers，FrankieHowerdandTonyHancock.”可知选C。3．Whyweretheyfedupwiththeformatofradiocomedyshowsofthetime?A．BecauseSimpsonwasnotsatisfiedwiththeirlaterlackofpopularity.B．BecauseAlanSimpsonandhispartnersdesiredsomethingwithmoredepth.C．BecauseAlanSimpsonwastiredofwritingandwantedtopursuehisotherbusinessinterests.D．BecauseAlanSimpsonthoughtshowswerecommissionedbyarmiesofmanagersratherthanproducers.答案　B解析　细节理解题。根据第四段第三句“Theywerequicklytiredoftheformatofradiocomedyshowsofthetimewhichincludedmusic，sketchesandone-liners，andlongedforsomethingwithmoredepth.”可知选B。4．What’sthebesttitleofthepassage?A．Obituary(讣告)：AlanSimpsonB．TheAchievementsofAlanSimpsonC．AlanSimpsonandHisPartnersD．ATalentedMan答案　A解析　标题归纳题。本文主要介绍了情景喜剧先驱者之一AlanSimpson一生所创作的作品以及所产生的影响，他的作品遍及二十世纪四十年代至七十年代。最后提到了他的逝世。所以本文应该是一个讣告。B(2017·河北衡水中学五调)JeremyKerr，aresearcherattheUniversityofOttawainCanada，andhiscolleaguesanalyzedmorethan400,000observationsofbumblebeespeciescollectedinNorthAmericaandEuropefrom1975to2010.Whentheresearchersrecordedthelocationsofthesebeepopulations，theyfoundthatmanyofthe67speciesanalyzedweremovingnorthwardfromtheirsouthernlimitswhilethenorthernedgesofthebees’rangesarestayinginplace.Whatitresultsinisobvious.Beeshavebeenpaidmoreattentiontoinrecentyears，withpopulationsofhoneybeesandbumblebeesobviouslydeclininginsomepartsofEurope.Previously，attentiononthedeclineofbeepopulationshasfocusedoncausesincludinghabitatloss，pesticideuseandthespreadofbeeparasites(寄生虫)．Buttheworkby10 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。Kerr’steamfoundsomethingdifferent.“Foreveryspecies，thereisoneortwospeciesdecliningandothersthatarenotmovingatall，”saysKerr.Thisshifthasalsobeenobservedinotherspecies，suchasbutterflies.Butduetoanewcause—theriseoftemperaturesinsteadoftotalpesticideuse，achangeinlanduseorparasites，bumblebees—unlikebutterflies—havefailedtoextendthenorthernboundariesoftheirrangesintotheterritorythatisnowhabitableforthem，sobumblebeespeciesacrossEuropeandNorthAmericaaredecliningrapidly，thelateststudyledbyKerr’steamfinds.“Ourdatasuggeststhatthenewfactorplaysaleading，orperhapstheleading，roleinthistrend，”saysKerr.“Thisstudyshowsthatafourthfactorisalsobeginningtoaffectit.Itislikelythatthecombinedstressesfromallofthesepressureswillhavedestructiveimpactsonbumblebeesinthenot-too-distantfuture，”saysDaveGoulson，abeeresearcherattheUniversityofSussex，Brighton，UK.Exactlywhatcanbedonetohelpbumblebeesisnotclear.Kerr’steamsuggeststhatrelocatingcoloniesmightbeananswerbutGoulsonsaysthatbecausetheinsectsaremobiletheyarecapableofmovingnorthwardsifthereissuitablehabitatavailable.语篇解读　本文介绍了加拿大渥太华大学关于蜜蜂数量减少的原因的一个调查。5．Whatdoesthemoveofthebees’southernlimitsleadto?A．Thebirthofnewbeespecies.B．Theriseofthebees’population.C．Theevolutionofthebees.D．Thereductionofthebees’habitat.答案　D解析　推理判断题。根据第一段中的“theyfoundthatmanyofthe67speciesanalyzedweremovingnorthwardfromtheirsouthernlimitswhilethenorthernedgesofthebees’rangesarestayinginplace.Whatitresultsinisobvious.”可知蜜蜂由南向北迁徙会导致它们栖息地的减少。故选D。6．What’sthenewcauseofbeepopulations’decliningaccordingtoKerr?A．Habitatloss.B．Pesticideuse.C．Climatechange.10 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。D．Thespreadofbeeparasites.答案　C解析　细节理解题。根据第三段第三句中的“Butduetoanewcause—theriseoftemperaturesinsteadoftotalpesticideuse...”可知蜜蜂种类下降的新原因是温度的上升，即气候变化。故选C。7．WhichstatementmayGoulsonagreewith?A．Relocatingbumblebeesisn’tmuchgood.B．ThefindingsofKerr’sstudyaredoubtful.C．Thefutureofbumblebeesisstillpromising.D．Knowingbumblebees’livinghabitsisthemosturgent.答案　A解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容可知DaveGoulson认为因为大黄蜂是具有流动性的，只要有合适的栖息地，它们还是能够向北迁徙，所以重新安置大黄蜂并非一个好办法。故选A。8．Whatkindofwritingisthispassage?A．Abookreview.B．Anannouncement.C．Ascientificreport.D．Anofficialreport.答案　C解析　推理判断题。本文是一篇关于蜜蜂数量减少的原因的调查报告，属于科学报告。故选C。C(2017·湖南衡阳八中质检)NewZealandwillcreateoneofthelargestmarineprotectedareasintheworld，spanninganareaof620,000sqkm.TheKermadecOceanSanctuary(保护区)willbeoneoftheworld’smostsignificantfullyprotectedecosystems，theprimeministerofNewZealand，JohnKey，toldtheUNGeneralAssemblyinNewYork.ThesanctuaryisintheSouthPacificOcean，about1,000kmnortheastofNewZealand，andexpandsamarinereservethatsurroundssomesmallislands.Theareaisconsideredimportantintermsofbiodiversity，featuringnearly35speciesofwhalesanddolphins,150typesoffishandthreeoftheworld’ssevenseaturtlespecies.Itisalsogeologicallysignificant，includingtheworld’slongestchainofunderwatervolcanoesandtheseconddeepestoceantrench，into10kmunderwater—deeperthanMountEverest’sheight.Thescaleofthesanctuarywilldwarf(矮化)anypreviousNew10 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。Zealand’sprotectedarea，spanningtwicethesizeofthecountry’smainland.Itwillcover15%ofNewZealand’seconomiczone.Commercialandrecreationalfishingwillbecompletelybanned，aswilloil，gasandmineralprospecting(勘探)，explorationandmining.Key’sgovernmentaimstopasslegislationestablishingthesanctuarynextyear.“Thesanctuaryisaworld-class，unspoiledmarineenvironmentandNewZealandisproudtoprotectitforfuturegenerations，”Keysaid.“NewZealandersvalueourcoastsandoceans，whichareanimportantpartofourculture，economyandenvironmentandwearecommittedtomanagingthemsustainably.Creatingprotectedareaswillsupportnotonlyourownfisheries，butthoseofourPacificneighbors，addingtoNewZealand’seffortstohelpgrowPacificeconomiesthroughtheresponsiblemanagementoftheiroceanresources.”NickSmith，NewZealand’senvironmentminister，saidthesanctuarymightimposeacostupontheminingindustrybutthatitisimportanttoprotecttheoceanbeforeexplorationtakesplace.“NewZealandneedstouseitsvastoceanresourcesforjobsandexportsinindustrieslikefishing，aquaculture，mineralsandenergy，butwealsoneedtosetasidespecialareaswherenaturecomesfirstandmarinelifeisfullyprotected，”Smithsaid.NewZealandwillmonitortheareaviaitsnavyandsatellitetechnology.TheKermadecregionwilljointhreeotherkeyareasinthePacificprotectedbytheUS，theUKandAustralia.MattRand，directorofthePewCharitableTrusts’GlobalOceanLegacy(遗产)campaign，welcomedKey’sannouncement.“NewZealandwillcreatethegoldstandardofconservationareasinthesanctuary，preservingoneofthefewrelativelyunspoiledareasofoceanonEarth，”hesaid.“Thiscommitmentisanexcitingsteptowardmeetingglobalgoalstosafeguardatleast30%oftheoceanthroughfullyprotectedmarinereserves.”语篇解读　本文主要介绍了新西兰建立海洋生态保护区的有关事项。9．WhyistheKermadecOceanSanctuaryimportantinbiodiversity?A．Ithasasuperiorgeographicallocation.B．Ithasmanydifferentkindsofseaanimals.C．Itsenvironmentissuitableforthegrowthofmarinelife.10 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。D．ItistheonlyunspoiledareaofoceanremainedonEarth.答案　B解析　细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“Theareaisconsideredimportantintermsofbiodiversity，featuringnearly35speciesofwhalesanddolphins,150typesoffishandthreeoftheworld’ssevenseaturtlespecies.”可知选B。10．WhichofthefollowingwillKeyprobablyagreeon?A．Peopleareallowedtofishforfuninthesanctuary.B．AllPacificcountriesshouldberesponsibleforoceanresources.C．NewZealandersattachgreatimportancetoprotectingthesanctuary.D．NewZealandhasmadegreatachievementincreatingprotectedareas.答案　C解析　细节理解题。根据文章第五段第二句“NewZealandersvalueourcoastsandoceans，whichareanimportantpartofourculture，economyandenvironmentandwearecommittedtomanagingthemsustainably.”可推知C项正确。11．WhatcanweinferfromwhatNickSmithsaid?A．NewZealandshoulddevelopitsmarineindustryinspecialareas.B．TheKermadecOceanSanctuarymayaffectNewZealand’sminingindustry.C．NewZealandhasn’tfiguredouthowtomakefulluseofitsoceanresources.D．Measuresshouldbetakenimmediatelytoprotecttheoceanafterexplorations.答案　B解析　推理判断题。文章第六段第一句中的“...thesanctuarymightimposeacostupontheminingindustry...”说明NickSmith认为建立保护区会对采矿业有影响。故选B。D(2017·第二次全国大联考)Onthefirstdayofhispresidency，DonaldTrump(特朗普)beganmakingchangestothepoliciesofearlierpresidents.AdocumentreleasedbythenewTrumpWhiteHousesaidthepresidentwouldsoonwithdrawfromthe12-nationTrans-PacificPartnershiptradeagreement(12国跨太平洋伙伴贸易协定)．ThefreetradedealwasnegotiatedbytheObama(奥巴马)administration.TheWhiteHousewebsitesaidTrumpwouldalsoworktorenegotiatetheNorthAmericanFreeTradeAgreementknownasNAFTA.“IfourpartnersrefusearenegotiationthatgivesAmericanworkersafairdeal，thenthepresidentwillgivenoticeoftheUnitedStates’intenttowithdrawfromNAFTA，”aWhiteHousestatementsaid.10 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。Neitheractionwasasurprise.Duringthepresidentialcampaign，TrumpsaidbadtradedealshadhurtemploymentinAmerica.TheNAFTAagreementremovedmosttariffs(关税)onproductstradedbetweentheUS，CanadaandMexico.ItwassignedbyPresidentBillClintonin1993.TheTrumpadministrationalsosaiditisreadytocancelwhatitcalled“harmfulandunnecessarypolicies”.AmongthemistheObamaadministration’splantoreducepollutantsfromcoal-poweredelectricityplants.Theclimateplanwasdesignedtocutgasesthatcauseglobalwarming.Anotherisacleanwaterruletoprotectsmallwaterwaysandwetlands(水域和湿地)fromdevelopmentbytheEnvironmentalProtectionAgency.Trumphassaidhewantstocancelandreplaceathirdpolicy，thenationalhealthcarelaw，knownas“Obamacare”．TheTrumpadministrationhaspromisedothermajorchanges.Ineducation，forexample，thereareplanstogiveparentsmorechoiceinselectingschoolsfortheirchildren，includingprivate，religiousschools.语篇解读　本文报道说：美国新任总统特朗普及其新任内阁将调整或废除以前政府所制定的几项政策。12．WhowouldhavetheUSwithdrawfromthefreetradedealnegotiatedbytheObamaadministration?A．TheObamaadministration.B．ThenewTrumpWhiteHouse.C．TheTrumpadministration.D．DonaldTrump.答案　D解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“...thepresidentwouldsoonwithdrawfromthe12-nationTrans-PacificPartnershiptradeagreement...”可知选D。13．InwhichcasewillDonaldTrumpgettheUScontinuetoobserveNAFTA?A．CanadaandMexicoagreetoofferAmericanworkersafairdeal.B．CanadaandMexicoagreetorenegotiateNAFTA.C．CanadaandMexicoagreetoofferworkersafairdeal.D．ThepartnersrefusearenegotiationthatoffersAmericanworkersafairdeal.答案　A解析　细节理解题。根据第四段和第六段可知选A。10 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。14．HowmanypoliciesconsideredharmfulandunnecessarybytheTrumpadministrationarementionedinthepassage?A．One.B．Two.C．Three.D．Four.答案　C解析　细节理解题。根据七、八、九段可知：本文提到了三个被特朗普内阁认为没有必要而且有害的政策。15．Whatkindofarticlesdoesthispassagebelongto?A．Advertisement.B．News.C．Introductions.D．Announcement.答案　B解析　推理判断题。本文包含了新闻类题材所具有的时间、人物、事件、时效性等要素。故选B。Ⅰ.单词梳理1．Theyarestillfightingforsurvival(survive)．2．Anexperienced(experience)Indianguideisprovidedduringyourstay.3．Quickly(quick)hepulledsomemoneyoutofhisbag.4．Televisionhasrobbedthecinemaofitsformerpopularity(popular)．5．Theloss(lose)ofherpursecausedhermuchinconvenience.6．Heburiedhimselftotally(total)inhiswork.7．Wesetoutonthisvoyageofexploration(explore)withanopenmind.8．Thisoldtableisavaluable(value)pieceoffurniture.9．Heisfully(full)satisfiedwithhisincome.10．Igotthisjobthroughanemployment(employ)agency.Ⅱ.短语提炼A．英汉互译1．longfor　　　　　渴望；憧憬2．comeupwith提出；想出3．inplace适当的；在适当的地方4．resultin导致5．集中于focuson6．发生takeplace10 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。7．通知givenoticeof8．保护……不受protect...fromB．运用上述短语完成下列句子1．Theaccidentresultedinthedeathoftwopassengers.2．MayGodprotectyoufromharmtonight.3．Shelikestohaveeverythinginplace.4．Theyshouldgivenoticeofinformationwhichwerequired.5．Themeetingwilltakeplacesoon.6．TheylongforachancetovisitShanghai.7．Thenoisemadeithardformetofocusonwork.8．Hecameupwithgoodideasfortheproductpromotion.Ⅲ.翻译与仿写Exactlywhatcanbedonetohelpbumblebeesisnotclear.句式分析　“whatcanbedonetohelpbumblebees”为what引导的主语从句，在句中作主语。翻译　到底能做些什么来帮助大黄蜂还不清楚。仿写　最重要的是你已经尽了最大努力。Whatreallymattersisthatyouhavetriedyourbest.10