高考英语二轮复习专题三阅读理解第三节题组训练5说理议论 10页

只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。第三节题组训练5说理议论A(2017·和平区一模)WilliamW．Purkey，awell-knownprofessorofeducation，said，“Dancelikenooneiswatching，lovelikeyou’llneverbehurt，singlikenooneislistening，andlivelikeit’sheavenonearth.”Itseemsliketheperfectlifephilosophy—andoneI’velearnedtoapplytorunningovertheyear.ButIdidn’talwaysfeelthisway.Inmyearlydays，whenIweighed240pounds，Iranlikeeveryonewaswatching—andjudging.IfIwasonarunandsawacarapproaching，I’dstopandpretendIwaslookingforsomethingI’dlost.Iboughtthehigh-techgearandclothesthatIthoughtwouldmakepeoplebelieveIwasarunner.AndIdidn’thaveaclueiftheexpensiveshoesIwaswearingweretherightkindforme—IjustwantedtolooklikeIfitinwiththisgroup.Tobehonest，Ifeltacertainsatisfactioninbelievingthatsomeonewaswatching.Ireallythoughtthatotherpeoplecaredaboutmyperformance.Thebestexampleofthiswasacombined，two-lapmarathoninFlorence，Italy.AsIapproachedthefinishingline，thecrowdbegantocheer.Iwassurprised.HereIwas，thousandsofmilesfromhome，andtheItalianswereshoutingfor“IIPenguino”．About20yardsfromthefinishing，thetruthsetinwhenthewinnerofthefullmarathonwentpastmeasIwasfinishingthehalf-marathon.Noonewascheeringforme.NooneprobablyevennoticedthatIwasfinishing.Icouldn’thelpbutsmileat10 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。myownillusionofself-importance.That’swhenIrealizedIhadbeenrunningforeveryreasonexcepttherightone.Irantomakeotherpeoplehappy，rantoliveuptotheirexpectations.Butnoonewaswatching，noonecared.SoIdecidedIwasgoingtorunforme—justme—andgainedanewenjoymentfromthesportIhadn’ttrulyexperiencedyet.I’velearnedtorunlikenooneiswatching.Soifyouseemeatrace，andIlooklikea60-year-oldguywaddling(蹒跚)along，don’tworry.I’mfine.Themiracleisn’tthatIfinished.ThemiracleisthatIhadthecouragetostart.语篇解读　本文主要讲述了作者最初跑步时是为了让别人快乐，不辜负他们的期望。后来发现，跑步应该享受运动带来的快乐，该为自己而生活，不是愉悦他人。1．Thewriterpresentsthepassageby.A．tellinghisrunningstoryB．explainingalifephilosophyC．listingsomeliferulesD．introducingquotations答案　D解析　写作手法题。根据文章第一段第一句可知，本文开篇引用了一个名人的名言来呈现该话题，故选D。2．ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph2thatthewriter.A．usedsportsclothesandshoestoattractattentionB．wasconcernedaboutwhatothersthoughtofherC．likedtobethefocusofotherrunnersD．struggledtofindtherightshoestofither答案　B解析　细节理解题。根据文章第二段内容可知，作者很胖的时候，跑步时总觉得别人在注视她，当有车靠近时，她总会停下来假装在找东西，后来还买了运动衣服以让人们觉得她是一个专业的跑步者，由此可知，作者很在乎别人对她的看法，故选B。3．Whenthewriterwasnearthefinishingline，.A．shesmiledatherownachievementB．thecrowdcheeredforhermadlyC．nobodyreallycaredaboutherrunningD．sherealizedtheimportanceofconfidence10 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。答案　C解析　细节理解题。根据文章第四段第二、三句“Noonewascheeringforme.NooneprobablyevennoticedthatIwasfinishing.”可知，当作者在跑步时，没有人为她喝彩，快要跑完全程时，似乎也没有人注意到，故选C。4．Nowthewriterthoughtthereasonforrunningisto.A．liveuptoothersexpectationsB．createamiracleinherownlifeC．enjoythepleasureofrunningD．runlikenooneiswatching答案　C解析　细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段中的“SoIdecidedIwasgoingtorunforme—justme—andgainedanewenjoymentfromthesportIhadn’ttrulyexperiencedyet.”可知，我决定我应该为自己而奔跑，去享受运动给我带来的快乐，故选C。5．Bytellingherownstory，thewriterwantedto.A．tellustolivealifeofourownB．inspiremorepeopletorunC．expectustoimproveourhealthbyrunningD．stresstheimportanceofdetermination答案　A解析　写作意图题。本文主要讲述了作者最初跑步时是为了让别人快乐，不辜负他们的期望。后来发现，跑步应该享受运动带来的快乐，该为自己而生活，不是愉悦他人。故选A。B(2017·天津五校联考一模)Inspiteofsexdiscriminationofkeepingwomendown，newresearchfindsanotheraspectofwomen’scharacters：girlsaremorelikelytotalkaboutschoolsuccessesthanboys.ResearchersfromHanoverCollegeandtheUniversityofLouisvillecametothisconclusion.Afterall，girlsareusuallytaughttobemodest，insteadofbragging.Basically，girlssharemorebecausetheybelievethatsuccessinschoolisgoodandthatthey’llbesociallyrewardedforit.Girlsthinkthattalkingabouttheiracademicsuccesseswillbuildfriendships.Boysseemtoshareless，becauseonaverage，theythinkit’suncooltobegoodatschool，andwouldprefertobecometheclassclownorsomethingeveniftheyreallyaresmart.Becausethetrendstarts10 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。asearlyasmid-childhood，there’salongtimeforthesedifferencestoaffectmotivationandactualschoolperformance.Thistrendcontinuesallthewaythroughcollege.Girlstendtobebetteratself-regulationthanboys，whichallowsthemtosetacademicgoals，andachievethem.Girlsfindacademicenvironmentseasiertocontrolwhileboys’higherenergylevelsandimpulsiveness(易冲动)causebehavioralproblemspossiblycontributingtothelowergrades.Someaspectsofthegenderschoolinggaparetroubling.Especiallyassuccessdependsmoreoneducationalattainmentandqualificationsandlessonphysicalstrength，boyswhocan’torwon’tdoschoolworkputthemselvesatadisadvantageforlife.Ontheotherhand，therearenewproblemsforadultfemales，though，andnormalprideingirlsturnsintoarrogance(傲慢)andbossybehaviorinadultwomen.Ifwomenseemlessproudoftheiraccomplishmentsthantheywereasgirls，itmightjustbeareasonableresponsetostandardsintheworkplace.Womengetworseperformancereviewsthanmen，likethatyou’re“bossy”ifyou’reoverconfidentetc.Iwouldsuggestthatyouchannelyourinnerschoolgirl.Intheworkplaceyoucan’tstopobvioussexdiscriminationonyourown，butyoucanlearntobeproudofyouraccomplishmentsinamatureway.Whetherothersrespondproperlytothatornot，you’llfeelbetteraboutyourselfattheendoftheday.语篇解读　研究表明女孩子比男孩子更容易谈论学业成就。6．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“bragging”inthesecondparagraphreferto?A．Talkingtooproudly.B．Speakinghighlyof.C．Payingmoreattention.D．Expressingdishonestly.答案　A解析　词义猜测题。根据第一段中的“...girlsaremorelikelytotalkaboutschoolsuccessesthanboys.”可知，女孩子比男孩子更有可能谈论在学校的种种成就，而且bragging与前面的modest意义相反，不谦虚即为过度骄傲。故选A。7．Whatcanweknowaboutgirls?A．Girlsdon’tlikementioningtheiracademicsuccesses.B．Girlsconsidertheirsuccessesarebeneficialtotheirfriendship.10 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。C．Girlswouldliketoactlikeaclowninclasstobereallycool.D．Girlsfinditmuchhardertocontrolthemselvesthanboys.答案　B解析　细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“Girlsthinkthattalkingabouttheiracademicsuccesseswillbuildfriendships.”可知，女孩子认为谈论学习上的成就可以建立友谊，故选B。8．WhatcanwelearnfromParagraph5?A．Males’successhasnorelationtotheireducationalbackground.B．Males’successreliesonphysicalstrengthandlessoneducation.C．Females’normalpridemaybehasabadeffectonthemselves.D．Females’prideeasilymakesthemgetbetterperformancereviews.答案　C解析　推理判断题。根据第五段中的“...normalprideingirlsturnsintoarrogance(傲慢)andbossybehaviorinadultwomen.”，即女孩子们正常的骄傲会转变为成年女性的傲慢，可知选C。9．Whatistheauthor’ssuggestiontoadultfemales?A．Listentowhatotherschoolgirlsaroundthemaresaying.B．Keepanormalattitudetotheirachievementsinwork.C．Beproudoftheirachievementsastheywereyoung.D．Trytofeelbetteraboutthemselvesatanyplace.答案　B解析　细节理解题。根据最后一段首句“Iwouldsuggestthatyouchannelyourinnerschoolgirl.”可知，作者建议成年女性要有正确的心态，故选B。10．Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A．Sexdiscriminationisnotgoodforwomen.B．Educationalattainmentisnottoboys’advantage.C．Boysliketoactasaclassclownleadingtobadgrades.D．Girlspaymoreattentiontoacademicsuccessesthanboys.答案　D解析　主旨大意题。根据第一段以及最后一段的内容可知，本文主要讲述了女孩子无论在学校还是在工作上都比男孩子更容易谈论成就，故选D。C(2016·南开区一模)Doyouwanttolivewithastrongsenseof10 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。peacefulness，happiness，goodness，andself-respect？Thecollectionofhappinessactionsbroadlycategorizedas“honor”helpsyoucreatethislifeofgoodfeelings.Here’sanexampletoshowhowhonorableactionscreatehappiness.Sayastoreclerkfailstochargeusforanitem.Ifwekeepsilent，andprofitfromtheclerk’smistake，wewoulddrivehomewithasenseofsneakyexcitement.Laterwemighttellourfamilyorfriendsaboutourgoodfortune.Ontheotherhand，ifwetelltheclerkabouttheunchargeditem，theclerkwouldbegratefulandthankusforourhonesty.Wewouldleavethestorewithaquietsenseofhonorthatwemightneversharewithanothersoul.Then，whatisittodowithoursenseofhappiness?Inthefirstcase，wherewedon’ttelltheclerk，acoupleofthingswouldhappen.Deepdowninsidewewouldknowourselvesasatypeofthief.Intheprocess，wewouldlosesomepeaceofmindandself-respect.Wewouldalsodemonstratethatwecannotbetrusted，sinceweadvertiseourdishonorbytellingourfamilyandfriends.Wedamageourownreputationsbytellingothers.Incontrast，bringingtheerrortotheclerk’sattentioncausesdifferentthingstohappen.Immediatelytheclerkknowsustobehonorable.Uponleavingthestore，wefeelhonorableandourself-respectisincreased.Wheneverwetakehonorableactionwegainthedeepinternalrewardsofgoodnessandasenseofnobility.Thereisabeautifulpositivecyclethatiscreatedbylivingalifeofhonorableactions.Honorablethoughtsleadtohonorableactions.Honorableactionsleadustoahappierexistence.Andit’seasytothinkandacthonorablyagainwhenwe’rehappy.Whilethepositivecyclecanbedifficulttostart，onceit’sstarted，it’seasytocontinue.Keepingondoinggooddeedsbringsuspeaceofmind，whichisimportantforourhappiness.语篇解读　本文为议论文，题材为社会生活。本文的中心思想为“快乐源自我们自身的善举”。11．Accordingtothepassage，thepositiveactionintheexamplecontributestoour.A．self-respectB．financialrewardsC．advertisingabilityD．friendlyrelationship答案　A解析　细节理解题。第三段尾句“Wewouldleavethestorewithaquietsenseof10 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。honor...”和第五段倒数第二句“Uponleavingthestore，wefeelhonorableandourself-respectisincreased.”可知选A。12．Theauthorthinksthatkeepingsilentabouttheunchargeditemisequalto.A．lyingB．stealingC．cheatingD．advertising答案　B解析　细节理解题。由第五段第二句“Deepdowninsidewewouldknowourselvesasatypeofthief.”可知作者认为如果不说出实情，那就跟小偷没有区别。13．Thephrase“bringingtheerrortotheclerk’sattention”(inPara.5)means“”．A．tellingthetruthtotheclerkB．offeringadvicetotheclerkC．askingtheclerktobemoreattentiveD．remindingtheclerkofthechargeditem答案　A解析　词义猜测题。由语境可知画线短语意为“提醒店员的失误”，故选A。14．Howwillwefeelifwelettheclerkknowhermistake?A．We’llbeveryexcited.B．We’llfeelunfortunate.C．We’llhaveasenseofhonor.D．We’llfeelsorryfortheclerk.答案　C解析　细节理解题。由倒数第二段倒数第二、三句“Immediatelytheclerkknowsustobehonorable.Uponleavingthestore，wefeelhonorableandourself-respectisincreased.”可知答案选C。15．Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleofthispassage?A．HowtoLiveTruthfullyB．ImportanceofPeacefulnessC．WaysofGainingSelf-respectD．HappinessThroughHonorableActions答案　D解析　标题归纳题。正如文章所述：快乐源自我们自身的善举，故D为最佳标题。D(2017·南开区三模)10 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。Conventionalwisdomisamajorbarriertoinnovation(创新)thatthreatensthesurvivalofcompanieseverywhere.It’sbasedontheassumptionthatoldideaswillalwayswork，sotheyshouldn’tbechallenged.Whilethismaybeavalidassumptioninsituationsthatdon’tchange，it’sunlikelytoholdtrueinachangingsituation.Intoday’srapidchangingglobalenvironment，oldmethodsoftendon’twork，andstubbornlyusingthemcanleadtomajorproblems.Mostpeopleseemtoagreewithconventionalwisdombecauseitgivesoneafalsesenseofsecurity.Ifeveryoneelsebelievesit，thenitmustbetrue.Individualswhouseconventionalwisdomarecertainthattheyareright，andbeingrightisgood.Theywanttocontinueusingoldideasratherthantakeriskswithchangesthatmightnotwork.In1977，KenOlsen，co-founderandCEOofDigitalEquipmentCorporation(DEC)，stated“Thereisnoreasonforanyindividualtohaveacomputerinhishome”．Despitebeingadominantleaderinthecomputerindustry，DECnolongerexists.Peopleseemtoforgetthatsinceinnovationisachange，therecanbenoinnovationwithoutchange.Unfortunately，conventionalwisdompreventsleaders，followersandcompaniesfromchangingandthereforeinnovating.Ifcompaniesdon’tinnovate，buttheircompetitorsdo，thefutureislikelytobeproblematic.Breakingfromconventionalwisdomhasledtomanyofthemostinnovativecompaniesandproductsinhistoryacrossmanyindustries，soithasapowerfuleffectonbusinesssuccess.TedTurner(founderofCNN)knewlittle，ifanything，aboutthenewsbusiness，butheknewitwasinconvenienttowatchnewsonlyatthedinnerhour，aswascommonbeforeCNN.Turner’ssolutionwastocreateacablechanneldedicatedtonews24hoursaday.Thenewsestablishmentreflectedconventionalwisdomatthetime，andpredictedhisideawouldfailbecausenoonewantedtowatchthenewsallday.However，itdoesn’ttakearocketscientisttounderstandthatviewersdon’thavetowatchthenewsalldayfortheCNNtowork.Viewersjusthavetowatchwhentheywanttogetinformation.Duetoconventionalthinking，thecriticsfailedtorecognizetheopportunitythatwascleartoTed.Theyassumedthatonlywhatwasfamiliartothemcouldworkinthefuture.Conventionalwisdompreventscreativity，flexibilityandrisk-taking，sounconventionalleadersenthusiasticallybreakfromit.Tosurvive，thriveandmaintaincompetitiveadvantage，companiesmustbeflexiblewhenreactingtochange.10 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。语篇解读　本文是一篇议论文。作者主要论述了墨守成规是创新的主要障碍，它会威胁到一家企业的生存，同时指出勇于创新才是成功之道。16．Theauthor’sattitudetoconventionalwisdomis.A．disapprovingB．approvingC．supportiveD．indifferent答案　A解析　观点态度题。全文字里行间都透着作者对墨守成规的批判，故选A。17．DEChasdisappearedprobablybecause.A．theconsumersdidn’tlikeitsproductsB．theCEOstucktotheconventionalideasC．theleaderslackedthesenseofsecurityD．theemployeestookmanyriskswithchanges答案　B解析　细节理解题。文章第二段提到“Theywanttocontinueusingoldideasratherthantakeriskswithchangesthatmightnotwork.”然后举了DEC消失的例子，由此可知，DEC消失可能是由于它的领导墨守成规，不接受新的事物，故B项正确。18．ThefoundingofCNNisusedasanexampletoprove.A．missingopportunitiescouldleadtofailureB．changingcouldcontributetobusinesssuccessC．watchingnewsatthedinnerhourisconvenientD．conventionalwisdominfluencesbusinesssuccess答案　B解析　推理判断题。由第三段内容可知，举CNN的例子是从正面说明改革可以促进一个企业的发展与成功，故选B。19．WhatdoestheunderlinedpartprobablymeaninParagraph3?A．RocketscientistscanensuretheCNNworksproperly.B．Mostoftheviewersdon’tliketowatchthenewsatwork.C．It’snecessarytounderstandwhenpeoplewatchthenews.D．It’seasytoknowpeopleneedn’twatchthenewsallthetime.答案　D解析　句意理解题。结合上下文语境可知，此处表示“不难理解，要让CNN运转起来观众不必一整天都看新闻”，故选D。20．Thepassageismainlywrittentotellusthat.10 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。A．oldmethodsarechangingwithtimeB．opportunitiesleadtobusinesssuccessC．conventionalwisdomlimitsinnovationD．successfulcompaniesneedwiseleaders答案　C解析　主旨大意题。文章第一段第一句“Conventionalwisdomisamajorbarriertoinnovation(创新)thatthreatensthesurvivalofcompanieseverywhere.”就指出了文章的主旨大意，故选C。10