【英语】2019届高考英语二轮复习增分技巧学案：专题五习题讲评课二 9页

‎ 短文改错4步曲——再看句法 技法一 ‎ 明确定语从句类型，关系词要分清 ‎(一)确定先行词人或物，辨别关系词成分 ‎1．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)They also had a small pond which they raised fish. ‎ 解析：which→where或which前加in　本句是含有定语从句的复合句，先行词是pond，引导词在定语从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where引导，相当于in which，故which改为where或在其前加in。‎ ‎2. (2017·全国卷Ⅲ)Around me in the picture are the things they were very important in my life at that time: car magazines and musical instruments. ‎ 解析：they→that/which　分析句子结构可知， the things是先行词，其后是定语从句，从句缺少主语，指物，故引导词应用that或which。‎ ‎3．(2016·四川高考)The dishes what I cooked were Mom’s favorite. ‎ 解析：what→that/which或去掉what　先行词为The dishes，且定语从句中cooked后缺少宾语，故应用that或which引导定语从句，因其在从句中作宾语，也可省略关系代词。‎ ‎4．(2018·陕西西安八校联考)I am a 25yearold young man which graduated from the Foreign Languages Department of Jilin University. ‎ 解析：which→who/that　本句中含有定语从句，先行词为man，指人，且在从句中作主语，应用who或that引导。‎ ‎5．There are many people think that wealth is better than health. ‎ 解析：think前加who或think→thinking　分析句子结构可知，people后为定语从句，先行词为many people，故用who引导该定语从句；因many people和think之间是主谓关系，也可以用现在分词thinking作many people的后置定语。‎ ‎6．(2018·湖北武汉高三调考)At noon, we play Room Escape, an interesting game what challenged our IQ and teamwork. ‎ 解析：what→that/which　此定语从句中先行词是game，引导词代替先行词并在句中作主语，故用that或which。‎ ‎7．He thanked me and jumped quickly in his car and drove off, keeping the disabled parking space free for someone needed it. ‎ 解析：someone后加who　someone后的部分为定语从句，修饰someone，指人，应用who引导定语从句，在从句中作主语。‎ ‎8．(2018·吉林省吉大附中模拟)From this experience I have learnt that questioning can ‎ serve as a bridge helps us to seek the truth. ‎ 解析：bridge后加that/which　分析句子结构可知，本句主语为I，谓语为have learnt，that引导宾语从句，作learnt的宾语，can serve为宾语从句的谓语，与helps之间无连词连接，由此可判断，bridge后为定语从句，先行词为bridge，指物，在从句中作主语，故用that或which引导该从句。‎ ‎(二)搞清限制与非限制 ‎9．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)In their spare time, they are interested in planting vegetables in their garden, that is on the rooftop of their house. ‎ 解析：that→which　分析句子结构可知，此处为非限制性定语从句，引导词在从句中作主语，指代their garden，应用which。‎ ‎10．Having tea in the late afternoon provides a bridge between lunch and dinner, that might not be served until 8 o’clock at night. ‎ 解析：that→which　that不能引导非限制性定语从句。引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语应用which。‎ ‎11．This woman has set a good example to her son, whom is a really lucky guy. ‎ 解析：whom→who　分析句子结构可知，逗号后为非限制性定语从句，先行词为her son，关系代词在从句中作主语，故用who。‎ ‎12．One day, Margaret told me her grandma was coming and her parents would want my basement room back, what didn’t surprise me. ‎ 解析：what→which　分析句子结构可知，应用which引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面整句话的内容，且在从句中作主语。‎ ‎13．Altogether I had five roommates, two of which arrived later. ‎ 解析：which→whom　分析句子结构可知，应用whom引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作介词of的宾语，修饰先行词five roommates。‎ ‎14．(2018·江西五校第一次联考)Above all, they hosted an American student last year, through that they gained lots of experience. ‎ 解析：that→which　在定语从句中，介词后跟关系代词which/whom。结合语境可知，关系词表示前面整件事，故将that改为which。‎ ‎15．(2018·湖北八校第一次联考)Finally, it is necessary for us to do some housework, that can help our parents a lot. ‎ 解析：that→which　分析句子结构可知，housework后的句子为非限制性定语从句，关系词指代主句的内容，且在从句中作主语，故用which引导该定语从句。‎ ‎ ‎ 技法二 ‎ 明确名词性从句类型，句子成分要对应 ‎1.(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to that I live. ‎ 解析：that→where　close to后接宾语从句， I live缺少地点状语，故用where引导宾语从句。‎ ‎2．(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)My classmates and I are talking about how to do during the holiday. ‎ 解析：how→what　分析句子结构可知，talking about后为“特殊疑问词＋动词不定式”的结构作宾语，且从句中的do后缺宾语，故应用连接代词what作动词do的宾语。‎ ‎3．(2015·全国卷Ⅱ)After looking at the toy for some time, he turned around and found where his parents were missing. ‎ 解析：where→that或去掉where　found后是一个宾语从句，在从句his parents were missing中不缺成分且意思完整，故用that引导，that也可省略。‎ ‎4．I think that accepting failure is that we need to do first before we succeed eventually. ‎ 解析：第二个that→what　分析句子结构可知，此处为表语从句，从句中缺少宾语，故将that改为what。that引导表语从句时，只起连接作用，在从句中不作任何成分。‎ ‎5．(2018·广西桂林百色模拟)Looking back on which I’ve done will give me some ideas of how to rearrange my time. ‎ 解析：which→what　句意：回顾我所做的事情会让我知道如何重新安排我的时间。分析句子结构可知，on后为宾语从句，连接词既引导宾语从句，也作宾语从句中done的宾语，故用what引导该宾语从句。‎ ‎6．(2018·湖南长郡中学模拟)But they couldn’t understand what she said.I went to the woman and asked her that was happening. ‎ 解析：that→what　分析句子结构可知，that was happening是宾语从句，连接词在从句中作主语，故将that改为what。‎ 技法三 ‎ 状语从句结构长，意思、逻辑要思量 ‎1.(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)The games my parents taught me where I was a child turned out to be very useful later in my life. ‎ 解析：where→when　根据语境可知，父母是在我小时候教我玩纸牌的，I was a child表示的是时间而非地点，所以此处应用when引导时间状语从句。‎ ‎2．(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to where I live.Though not very big, but the restaurant is popular in our area. ‎ 解析：去掉but　though不能和but连用，though引导的让步状语从句是一个省略句，不能再省略，故去掉but。‎ ‎3．(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)At last, I will be on my own, but I still want to have my parents to turn to whenever need help. ‎ 解析：whenever后加I　句意：最终，我还是会一个人，但我仍然想在我需要帮助的任何时候有父母可以求助。分析句子成分可知， whenever引导时间状语从句，而从句缺少主语， 故加I作从句的主语。‎ ‎4．(2015·浙江高考)If I was only a child when I studied in that classroom, I will never forget it. ‎ 解析：If→Although/Though　句意：虽然我在那个教室学习时还是个孩子，但是我永远都忘不了它。分析句子结构可知，前面从句表示对主句的让步，并不存在条件关系。‎ ‎5．One day, I was skiing down a mountain while I saw a girl aged about 15 who had fallen. ‎ 解析：while→when　be doing sth.when ...意为“正在做某事，突然……”。故将while改为when。‎ ‎6．It happens such often that we end up taking our parents for granted. ‎ 解析：such→so　在so/such ...that ...句型中，so修饰形容词或副词，such修饰名词。此处修饰副词，故用so。‎ ‎7．In my opinion, you should come back before you finish your study abroad. ‎ 解析：before→after　根据语境可知，在你完成了国外的学习之后，你应该回来。此处应用连词after表示“在……之后”。‎ ‎8．Time passes quickly, doesn’t it? It is three years when I became a high school student. ‎ 解析：when→since　“it is＋时间段＋since＋过去时”为固定句型，意为“做某事多久了”，故用since引导时间状语从句。‎ ‎9．You will have to attend the meeting if you’re free or busy. ‎ 解析：if→whether　引导让步状语从句，表示“是否”之意，且与or连用时，应用whether。‎ ‎10．(2018·洛阳市第一次统考)I have been writing from I was nine years old. ‎ 解析：from→since　此处表示从9岁开始“我”就一直写作。since意为“自……以来”，用来引导时间状语从句。‎ 技法四 ‎ 虚拟语气、主谓一致和强调句型，标志和意思要兼顾 ‎1.(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)The classroom is a place for learning and that include learning from textbooks, and mistakes as well. ‎ 解析：include→includes　考查主谓一致。该句为一般现在时，that指代learning，谓语动词应用单数形式。‎ ‎2．(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)Some classmates suggest we can go to places of interest nearby. ‎ 解析：can→should或去掉can　句意：有些同学建议我们去附近的名胜。suggest作“建议”讲，后面的宾语从句应该用虚拟语气，从句谓语的形式是“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略，但不能换成其他的情态动词。‎ ‎3．(2016·6月浙江高考)He would ask who we was and pretend not to know us. ‎ 解析：was→were　句意：他会问我们是谁，并且假装不认识我们。ask后的宾语从句的主语是we，所以谓语动词用复数，因为主句用了would ask，所以谓语动词用过去时，故把was改为were。‎ ‎4．(2015·四川高考)What do you think I should do？If you are me, would you talk to them？ ‎ 解析：are→were　根据语境可知，此处if引导的虚拟条件句是对现在事实的假设，条件状语从句中的谓语动词应用过去式。‎ ‎5．(2018·福建福州十三中期中考试)About one thousand graduates took exams for it, but only a few was chosen and I was one of them. ‎ 解析：第一个was→were　根据主语only a few可知，谓语动词应用复数形式。‎ ‎6．(2018·广州调研)Reasons for wanting a summer job differs from student to student. ‎ 解析：differs→differ　该句主语为Reasons，为复数形式，故谓语动词也应用复数形式。‎ ‎7．A few minutes later, our house fell down.I managed to climb out, but much to my shock, one of my boys were missing. ‎ 解析：were→was　“one of＋可数名词复数”意为“……之一”，作主语时谓语动词用单数形式。‎ ‎8．All of us listened attentively and answered questions correctly.The smile on her face suggested that she be satisfied with our performance. ‎ 解析：be→was　这里的suggest不表示“建议”，而是表示“显示，表明”，故后面的宾语从句不用虚拟语气，而应用陈述语气。‎ ‎9．(2018·豫北名校质量评估)She demanded that I did something else with that money. ‎ 解析：did→do　demand “要求”后的宾语从句要用虚拟语气，即从句中的谓语动词使用“(should＋)do”的形式，其中should可以省略。故把did改为do。‎ ‎10．(2018·惠州第二次调研)It is not only the inspiring story but also the warmth from the university which attracts the public’s attention. ‎ 解析：which→that　句意：正是他鼓舞人心的经历和来自这所大学的温暖吸引了公众的注意。本句为强调句型“It be＋被强调部分＋that/who ...”，故把which改为that。‎ ‎1．重点关注定语从句常考点 ‎(1)定语从句中关系代词(副词)的选择取决于句子缺少何种成分和意义是否完整；‎ ‎(2)that不能引导非限制性定语从句；非限制性定语从句指物用which；‎ ‎(3)which在引导非限制性定语从句时，可代表主句内容；‎ ‎(4)where在定语从句中充当(抽象)地点状语；why在定语从句中作原因状语，when在定语从句中作时间状语。‎ ‎2．悟“一个中心、两个基本点”，解名词性从句 ‎(1)“一个中心”：从句的类型 ‎①若从句是陈述句，则用that引导；‎ ‎②若从句是一般疑问句，则用whether/if引导；‎ ‎③若从句是特殊疑问句，则用what, who, which, whose, whom, how, when, where, why等引导。‎ ‎(2)“两个基本点”‎ ‎①根据从句的位置，确定从句的类型；‎ ‎②掌握名词性从句引导词在用法上的区别，尤其是that, what, which在用法上的区别。‎ ‎3．明晰连词功能，确定答案不用怀疑 如how是副词，作状语；what是代词，可作主语和宾语。‎ ‎4．虚拟语气注意意义 ‎(1)在虚拟语气中，关键词的意义和“句意”是判断是否为虚拟语气的重点，解决此类问题要重点考虑时间、主从句结构两个方面。‎ ‎(2)suggest表示“建议”，insist表示“坚持认为”的时候用虚拟语气，从句用“(should＋)动词原形”构成，should可以省略。‎ ‎(3)if后的句子是不真实的假设，用虚拟语气，与现在相反用一般过去时，与过去相反用过去完成时；否则，要遵循“主将从现”的原则。‎ ‎5．关注特殊句式的易错点 主谓搭配是否一致、There be结构的含义及be动词的选择、倒装句中助动词的选择和时态的运用、强调句式的运用、省略句中动词形式的运用以及祈使句中句首为动词原形，后半句往往用将来时等需考生重点关注。‎ 一、 ‎ 单句对点练——练明考点 ‎1.(2018·日照联考)I know you take good pictures and you’ve always wanted to do something what interests you. ‎ 解析：what→that　分析句子结构可知，something后的句子为定语从句，先行词为something，故只能用that引导该定语从句，that作从句的主语。‎ ‎2．As is known to all, a harmonious dormitory life is important to college students and benefit all the members. ‎ 解析：benefit→benefits　本句的主语是“a harmonious dormitory life”，为第三人称单数，故用benefits。‎ ‎3．(2018·合肥市第一次质量检测)It was in a hot summer holiday which I visited ‎ Qingdao port city in Shandong Province. ‎ 解析：which→that　分析句子结构可知，该句使用了强调句结构“It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋句子的其他成分”；该句被强调的部分是时间状语“in a hot summer holiday”，故此处用that。‎ ‎4．Tomorrow we’re going to visit a palace in Granada.We’re enjoying it very much that we don’t want to leave this amazing place. ‎ 解析：very→so　so ...that ...“如此……以至于……”为固定搭配，引导结果状语从句。‎ ‎5．(2018·长沙名校第二阶段诊断)So just dropping your work and cell phones to enjoy the pleasure of company. ‎ 解析：dropping→drop　分析句子结构可知，本句是祈使句，故用动词原形。‎ ‎6．(2018·福州八县市一中联考)It is strongly suggested that our spare time is made full use of to read as much as possible. ‎ 解析：第二个is→be　suggest表示“建议”，后接宾语从句时，该从句应用虚拟语气，从句的谓语动词用“(should＋)do”。故用动词原形be。‎ ‎7．Today the world is paying much more attention to that China says and does. ‎ 解析：that→what　句中to为介词，故后面跟的是宾语从句，引导词在从句中作“says and does”的宾语，故应用what。‎ ‎8．Travelling abroad, you should follow the customs of the country where you are visiting. ‎ 解析：where→that/which　“...you are visiting”为定语从句修饰先行词the country，从句中缺少宾语。‎ ‎9．(2019·山东菏泽一模)As is known to us all, some students have breakfast regularly while others don’t. There is several reasons. ‎ 解析：第二个is→are 　句意：众所周知，一些学生有规律地吃早餐而其他学生并非如此。这有几个原因。there be句型中，be要和后面的主语保持一致，本句中several reasons为复数形式，故将is改为are。‎ ‎10．(2018·福建福州八中高三质检)Therefore, it was no doubt that I was left alone, suffering from loneliness and failure. ‎ 解析：it→there　there is no doubt that ...是固定句型，意为“毫无疑问……”。‎ ‎11．(2018·湖南株洲教学质量检测)How an interesting country to live in！ ‎ 解析：How→What　分析句子结构可知，该句为感叹句，由感叹句常用句型“What＋a(n)＋adj.＋n.”可知应把How改为What。如用How引导应把冠词an放在形容词interesting之后。‎ ‎12．(2018·山西重点中学协作体一模)When taken exams, we sometimes cheat in order to get good results to make our parents and teachers pleased. ‎ 解析：taken→taking　句意：当我们参加考试时，为了取得好结果来使我们的父母和老师高兴，我们有时会作弊。该从句为省略句，将句子补全后为：When we are taking exams ...时间状语从句主语与主句主语一致，且从句中含有be动词时，可将从句主语和be动词去掉，故将taken改为taking。‎ ‎13．Each student learn a foreign language, mostly English, from day one of their compulsory education (义务教育)． ‎ 解析：learn→learns 　主语是Each student，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。‎ ‎14．(2018·吉林长春外国语学校第二次质检)You are the most considerate person who know exactly what I need in our class. ‎ 解析：know→knows　know是定语从句中的谓语动词，由于先行词person是单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。‎ ‎15．Just as the old saying goes, “Happiness lies in contentment.” Only in this way we relax ourselves and achieve more progress. ‎ 解析：way后加can/will　当“only＋状语”位于句首时，要用部分倒装。‎ 二、 ‎ 仿真综合练——练通高考 A ‎(2018·济南高考模拟) This morning, when I was walking in the street, I saw two traveler were reading a map, looked puzzled.It seemed that we were lost.I went up them and asked how I could help.They told me that they were looking for the Temple of Heaven.I lead them to a nearby bus stop and advised them to take Bus No.20, that could take them there directly.They appreciated my help great.Before long, the bus pulled out.They got on a bus and waved goodbye to me.Seeing them on the bus, and I felt a kind of satisfaction.‎ 答案：第一句：traveler→travelers; looked→looking 第二句：we→they 第三句：up后加to 第五句：lead→led; that→which 第六句：great→greatly 第七句：out→in 第八句：a→the 第九句：去掉and B It was my grandfather’s birthday on last Friday.Early in the morning, my parents and I set off for the department store to look at a gift.Eventually a warm sweater is bought. To give my grandpa a surprise, I decided to baking a birthday cake.With mom’s help, it still took me a long time when it was my first homemade cake.The moments the cake was out the oven, the celebration began. Watch Grandpa enjoy the cake, I got a greatly sense of achievement.We took a picture of the whole family to record the happiness moment.‎ 答案：第一句：去掉on 第二句：at→for 第三句：is→was 第四句：baking→bake 第五句：when→because/as 第六句：moments→moment; out后加of 第七句：Watch→Watching; greatly→great 第八句：happiness→happy C ‎(2018·湖北七市联考) My name is Lisa, one of you great friends.Glad to see you’ve made rapid progresses in learning Chinese but I am writing to tell you about our next lesson.The lesson will be gave from 3：00 to 5：‎00 in the afternoon of March 20th in Classroom 301.In the class, what you will mainly learn is Tang Poetry, deep loved by Chinese people.In order to make easy for you to go through the class, you’d better to make full preparations before class.And you should have a brief understanding of the history of the Tang Dynasty, during that several poets became famous.‎ I am looking forward to meet you!‎ 答案：第一句：you→your 第二句：progresses→progress; but→and 第三句：gave→given; 第一个in→on 第四句：deep→deeply 第五句：make后加it; 去掉better后的to 第六句：that→which 第七句：meet→meeting