【英语】2019届高考英语二轮复习增分技巧学案：专题五习题讲评课四 7页

‎ 短文改错4步曲——后思时态 技法一 ‎ 看动词时态和时间状语是否一致，主从句时态是否合乎语法 ‎1.(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)During my last winter holiday, I went to the countryside with my father to visit my grandparents. I find a big change there. ‎ 解析：find→found　根据前一句中的时间状语“During my last winter holiday”可知，本句讲述的是去年寒假的事情，所以此处应用一般过去时，故把find改为found。‎ ‎2．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)I didn’t realize how right my parents are until I entered high school. ‎ 解析：are→were　根据主句的谓语“didn’t realize”和until引导的时间状语从句的谓语“entered”可知此处说的是过去的事情，应用一般过去时。‎ ‎3．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)It was Monday morning, and the writing class had just begin. ‎ 解析：begin→begun　根据语境可知，此处是过去完成时，故begin应用过去分词形式。‎ ‎4．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)When summer came, they will invite their students to pick the fresh vegetables！ ‎ 解析：came→comes　主句为一般将来时，when引导的时间状语从句中要用一般现在时表示将来；summer为可数名词单数，故用comes。‎ ‎5．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)I had grown not only physically, but also mentally in the past few years. ‎ 解析：had→have　由时间状语in the past few years可知，此处应用现在完成时。‎ ‎6．This summer, I attended a journalism-themed summer camp, where I learn a lot. ‎ 解析：learn→learned/learnt　根据“This summer”和“attended”可知，learn所表示的动作发生在过去，故把learn改为learned或learnt。‎ ‎7．When I was in high school, I wanted to get a scholarship to a university.I liked singing, so I try out for a scholarship for music. ‎ 解析：try→tried　根据“was” “wanted” “liked”可知，这里讲述的是当“我”在中学的时候发生的事情，应该用一般过去时。‎ ‎8．(2018·郑州第一次质量预测)Anyway, after we left Barcelona, we come to spend several days in Granada. ‎ 解析：come→came　根据“left”可知此处叙述的是过去的事情，应用一般过去时，故将come改为came。‎ ‎9．(2018·山西八校第一次联考)The Spring Festival is approaching and many students ‎ want to go travelling.But I had made up my mind not to go anywhere.The reasons are as follows. ‎ 解析：had→have　根据前一句中的“want to”可知，此处应用现在完成时。故把had改为have。‎ ‎10．They laughed out happily when they read the short story I write about robots. ‎ 解析：write→wrote　此处讲述的是过去的事情，且根据“laughed out”为一般过去时可知，此处也应用一般过去时。‎ 技法二 ‎ 看并列动词形式是否一致 ‎1.(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)About one month after this photo was taken, I entered my second year of high school and become a new member of the school music club. ‎ 解析：become→became　根据时间状语“About one month after this photo was taken”可知，此句应使用一般过去时，且句中and连接两个并列的成分，前后时态应保持一致，由entered可知应把become改为became。‎ ‎2．(2015·全国卷Ⅱ)A woman saw him crying and telling him to wait outside the shop. ‎ 解析：telling→told　“telling”和“saw”是并列关系，故时态需要和saw保持一致。‎ ‎3．Finally, I work harder than ever and made great progress in my math. ‎ 解析：work→worked　由后面的“made”可知，此处讲述的是过去的事情，故用一般过去时。‎ ‎4．(2018·河南天一大联考)Seeing this, I was touched and appreciate the kindness he brought to the world. ‎ 解析：appreciate→appreciated　句意：看到这个，我很受感动，对他给世界带来的善良表示感谢。根据“was touched”和and可知需要用appreciated。‎ ‎5．I step to the front quickly and began to repeat the story with confidence. ‎ 解析：step→stepped　根据began可知，此处讲述的是过去的事，故此处应用一般过去时。step的过去式是双写词尾的p，然后再加-ed。‎ ‎6．(2018·惠州第二次调研)In the reply, the school promises to satisfy all his requirements and encouraged him to have a strong belief in life. ‎ 解析：promises→promised　叙述的是过去的事情，且and 后encourage使用的是一般过去时，故此处用promised。‎ 技法三 ‎ 主谓、动宾要分明，时态、语态勿混用 ‎1.(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)Every day he makes sure that fresh vegetables and high quality oil are using for cooking. ‎ 解析：using→used　分析句子结构可知， oil 和use 之间是被动关系， 故应该用被动语态。‎ ‎2．(2015·全国卷Ⅰ)Lots of studies have been shown that global warming has already become a very serious problem. ‎ 解析：去掉been　studies与show之间为主动关系，不需要用被动语态。‎ ‎3．(2018·广州调研)By June the students usually have been found their jobs and then they begin preparing to enter the world of work. ‎ 解析：去掉been　此处表示：到了六月，学生们通常已经找到了工作。该句主语the students和动词find之间为主动关系，故用主动语态。‎ ‎4．(2018·昆明检测)I would thank those who encouraged me to experience this kind act.All the cards, candies and clothes donated by them. ‎ 解析：donated前加were　donate sth.意为“捐献某物”，分析句子结构可知，该句应用被动语态；讲述发生在过去的事情，应用一般过去时，所以在donated前加were。‎ ‎5．I finally realized that something necessary had to done.It was time for a change. ‎ 解析：to后加be　此处表示：我意识到，必须要做一些必要的事情。不定代词“something”和动词“do”之间为被动关系，表示“被做”，故用被动语态。‎ ‎6．(2018·广西桂林百色模拟)This will give me a head start on the day.I have also been decided to keep a record of what I do and when I do it. ‎ 解析：去掉been　此处表示：我还决定记录我做了什么和何时做的。主语“I”和动词“decide”之间为主动关系，故用主动语态。‎ 技法四 ‎ 铭记描述客观事实、客观真理用一般现在时 ‎1.(2018·太原阶段测评)There are many different types of Chinese.For example, one type known as Mandarin had almost a billion speakers. ‎ 解析：had→has　根据语境可知， 此处描述客观情况，故用一般现在时。‎ ‎2．(2018·安徽名校联考)Last month, our class climbed Mount Tai, which was more than 1,500 meters above sea level. ‎ 解析：was→is　此处表示“泰山海拔超过1 ‎500米”，这里陈述的是客观事实，故用一般现在时。‎ 牢记动词的时态和语态常考点 ‎1.掌握五种基本时态：‎ 一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、现在完成时。‎ ‎2.写准动词三种形式：要写准动词的过去式、过去分词和现在分词形式，重点记牢不规则动词的变化形式。‎ ‎3.动词时态的分析主要从两个角度入手：动作与时间。在解题过程中，要着重分析动作是“正在进行、完成或经常性”，时间是“现在、过去或将来”‎ ‎，由此确定时态。短文改错的首句或相关句也往往起提示作用，应特别注意一些动词的过去式形式：burn (burnt), learn (learnt/learned), build (built), pay (paid), feel (felt), catch (caught), hold (held), shoot (shot), eat (ate), ride (rode), ring (rang), sing (sang), sink (sank)等。‎ ‎4.明确语态的三个基本点：①被动语态的构成形式为“be＋过去分词”；②系动词没有被动语态；③不及物动词或短语无被动语态。‎ ‎5.准确判断动词语态：动词的语态主要分析句子主语与谓语动词之间的关系，且特别注意有关语态的一些特殊现象，如be worth doing(无被动形式)，不定式主动形式表被动含义，need/want/require doing(＝to be done)。最常考的是被动语态中be动词的遗漏。‎ 一、 ‎ 单句对点练——练明考点 ‎1.(2018·兰州诊断)At last, Xiao Ming was saved but the young man left without saying anything.We were all deeply moved by what he has done. ‎ 解析：has→had　根据上文中的“were”可知，此处表示动作发生在过去的过去，应用过去完成时。‎ ‎2．(2018·东北三省四市一模) At that time, I was responsible for interviewing parents who bought the learning tools.While talking with him, I found it was not so hard as I think. ‎ 解析：think→thought　根据主句的谓语动词“found”可知，从句也用一般过去时。‎ ‎3．(2018·豫北名校质量评估)I am about to remove items embarrassedly from the bag when another shopper handed me a $20 note. ‎ 解析：am→was　根据句中“handed”可知，此处是在描述发生在过去的事情，应用一般过去时。‎ ‎4．Third, we should take more exercise to keep healthy.What’s more, we’d better review what we had learned at school. ‎ 解析：had→have　前句使用的时态为现在时，因此该处应用现在完成时，而不是过去完成时。‎ ‎5．Over 200 people became homeless as a result of the storm.A farmer said the storm began early in the morning and last one hour. ‎ 解析：last→lasted　由连词“and”和上文中的“began”可知，last的时态应该和began一致，故用一般过去时。‎ ‎6．(2018·河南毕业班适应性考试)The incident had happened on my way to a bookstore on a rainy Sunday afternoon. ‎ 解析：去掉had　‎ 句意：事情发生在一个下着雨的周日下午我去一家书店的路上。根据时间状语“on a rainy Sunday afternoon”可知本句谓语动词应该用一般过去时而非过去完成时，故将had去掉。‎ ‎7．(2018·安徽师大附中高三阶段性测试)This morning, I got an email from the library.It said the book I reserved was ready to be picking up. ‎ 解析：picking→picked　根据语境可知，pick up和句子主语book之间为被动关系，故用被动语态。‎ ‎8．(2018·贵阳监测)Once I went to the market with my mum for a big dinner on Saturday.When we were walking past the stalls, a loud noise was caught my attention. ‎ 解析：去掉was　主语a loud noise与catch之间构成主谓关系，表示主动，故去掉was。‎ ‎9．(2018·江西红色七校二联)We spend a few hours digging holes and planting the young seedlings.Then we wrote our wishes on cards one by one and buried them under the roots of the trees. ‎ 解析：spend→spent　句意：我们花了几个小时挖坑，种幼苗。然后我们一个接一个地将我们的愿望写在卡片上并将其埋在树根下面。根据“wrote” “buried”可知，spend发生在过去，需用一般过去时，故将spend改为spent。‎ ‎10．When I get home, I said to my parents, “Everything was great about the camping.I want to be a teacher like Anna in the future.” ‎ 解析：get→got　由“said”可知，此处表示过去发生的事情，故用一般过去时。‎ 二、 ‎ 仿真综合练——练通高考 A Dear Mom，‎ I’m now in the United States, a country so differently from China.Everything is fresh but interesting! I have made some friends there and they are very kind.Still, you know how much I miss you and your cooking.The mere thought of the dishes you prepare makes my mouth to water.My friends had some strange ways of describing their hungry.For instance, “I can eat a horse！” It’s a little confused, hmm? I’m also sending you a few record of our daily conversations, from that you can hear real American English.It may be useful to you as English teacher.‎ 答案：第一句：differently→different 第二句：but→and 第三句：there→here 第五句：去掉to 第六句：had→have; hungry→hunger 第八句：confused→confusing 第九句：record→records; that→which 第十句：as后加an B ‎(2018·福州四校联考) When I was young, I lived in the countryside. At that time, the trees there were very green, that left a deep impression on me and the water there was so much clear that I even could see the fish swimming.When it gets dark, the air was cooler than it in the daytime.People liked to walk out their houses to chat together.I liked to play games with my friends but ran along the village happily.As the moon rose highly in the sky, the village was lighting.When I looked up, I could see the moon and a few star.They were so close to me.It seemed that I could touch them.The life in the countryside were so wonderful.‎ 答案：第二句：第二个that→which; 去掉much 第三句：gets→got; 第二个it→that 第四句：out后加of 第五句：but→and 第六句：highly→high; lighting→lighted/lit/light 第七句：star→stars 第十句：were→was C ‎(2018·广州调研) I took part in a teenage summer camp last month.We helped at a national park in a week.We did different things every day, so I did get a bit annoyed because we had cheese sandwiches every lunchtime.It was really good fun, although we work incredibly hard.One day, the schedule was changed at the last minute, and instead of our planned active, we all helped the staff to finish cut the weeds by the lake. That was the much toughest day — and also the best.Every day, they took turns to cook in teams of five.When it was our team’s turn, we made a simply dinner for everyone.Judging by the fact that there was no left, I think that our team did great job.‎ 答案：第二句：in→for 第三句：so→but 第四句：work→worked 第五句：active→activity/activities; cut→cutting 第六句：去掉much 第七句：they→we 第八句：simply→simple 第九句：no→nothing/none; great前加a