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第2讲 推理判断类
题型概述
题型破解
1 逻辑分析推断隐含意义
解题指导 1.抓住特定信息进行逆向或正向推理：在原文中确定推理依据的位置或范围后，要善于抓住关键信息去分析判断；2.整合全文/段信息进行推断：有时需要在弄懂全文或全段的基础上，整合与题目相关的有效信息去进行综合推断，才能确定最佳选项。无论哪种推断形式必须以文章所提供的事实内容为依据，切忌凭空想象。
[典例] (2019·全国卷Ⅰ·C篇)
As data and identity theft becomes more and more common, the market is growing for biometric (生物测量) technologies—like fingerprint scans—to keep others out of private e－spaces. At present, these technologies are still expensive, though.
Researchers from Georgia Tech say that they have come up with a low－cost device (装置) that gets around this problem：a smart keyboard. This smart keyboard precisely measures the cadence (节奏) with which one types and the pressure fingers apply to each key. The keyboard could offer a strong layer of security by analyzing things like the force of a user's typing and the time between key presses. These patterns are unique to each person. Thus, the keyboard can determine people's identities, and by extension, whether they should be given access to the computer it's connected to—regardless of whether someone gets the password right.
It also doesn't require a new type of technology that people aren't already familiar
with. Everybody uses a keyboard and everybody types differently.
In a study describing the technology, the researchers had 100 volunteers type the word “touch” four times using the smart keyboard. Data collected from the device could be used to recognize different participants based on how they typed, with very low error rates. The researchers say that the keyboard should be pretty straightforward to commercialize and is mostly made of inexpensive, plastic－like parts. The team hopes to make it to market in the near future.
28．Why do the researchers develop the smart keyboard?
A．To reduce pressure on keys.
B．To improve accuracy in typing.
C．To replace the password system.
D．To cut the cost of e－space protection.
解析 D 根据第一段最后一句以及第二段第一句可推知，研究者研发这种智能键盘是为了降低网络安全保护技术的成本。故选D。
29．What makes the invention of the smart keyboard possible?
A．Computers are much easier to operate.
B．Fingerprint scanning techniques develop fast.
C．Typing patterns vary from person to person.
D．Data security measures are guaranteed.
解析 C 题干问的是“是什么让智能键盘的发明成为可能”，也就是问这一发明的核心依据是什么。根据第二段中的“These patterns are unique to each person.Thus, the keyboard can determine people's identities ...”可知，正是因为每个人的打字模式不同，这种智能键盘就可以通过分析用户的打字力度及节奏等来判断该用户是不是安全访客。故选C。
2 文体特点推断写作意图
解题指导 1.记叙文：通常会在首段或尾段出现高度概括性语言，且往往有一定的哲理性，所有叙述都围绕该哲理展开；2.应用文：文章常对某事物或服务进行详细介绍，使用具有明显倾向性的语言；3.说明文：其写作意图依赖于对文章主题句的把握，故应找准主题句；4.议论文：一般开头提出某论点，中间进行论证，最后得出结论，写作意图常隐含于最后一部分中。
[典例] (2018·浙江高考·A篇)
In 1812, the year Charles Dickens was born, there were 66 novels published in Britain ...
In 1870, when Dickens died, the world mourned him as its first professional writer and publisher, famous and beloved, who had led an explosion in both the publication of novels and their readership and whose characters—from Oliver Twist to Tiny Tim—were held up as moral touchstones ...
How did Dickens get to the top? For all the feelings readers attach to stories, literature is a numbers game, and the test of time is extremely difficult to pass. Some 60,000 novels were published during the Victorian age, from 1837 to 1901; today a casual reader might be able to name a halfdozen of them. It's partly true that Dickens' style of writing attracted audiences from all walks of life. It's partly that his writings rode a wave of social, political and scientific progress. But it's also that he rewrote the culture of literature and put himself at the center. No one will ever know what mix of talent, ambition, energy and luck made Dickens such a distinguished writer. But as the 200th anniversary of his birth approaches, it is possible—and important for our own culture—to understand how he made himself a lasting one.
23．What is the author's purpose in writing the text?
A．To remember a great writer.
B．To introduce an English novel.
C．To encourage studies on culture.
D．To promote values of the Victorian age.
解析 A 本文为一篇记叙文，介绍了狄更斯在英国文学中的地位以及他是如何获得此殊荣的。从最后一段中的“But as the 200th anniversary of his birth approaches, ...”可知，本文写于狄更斯诞辰200周年纪念前夕，显然是为了纪念这位伟大的作家。故答案选A。
3 忠于措辞推断观点态度
解题指导 1.注意作者或文中人物的措辞：①分析字里行间所隐含的意思，切忌用自己观点代替作者或文中人物的观点；②留意相关氛围的语言及表达情感态度或观点的词句，这些常流露于修饰语之中；③结合英语国家的文化传统或风俗习惯等背景知识进行合理推断；2.牢记观点态度的常见词语：①支持肯定：positive(积极的)、supportive(支持的)、optimistic(乐观的)、humorous(幽默的)、enthusiastic(热情的)、pleasant(愉快的)；②
中立：neutral(中立的)、objective(客观的)、not mentioned(未提及的)、uninterested(不感兴趣的)、indifferent(漠不关心的)；③否定反对：negative(否定消极的)、suspicious/skeptical(怀疑的)、disgusted(憎恶的)、critical(批评的)、disappointed(失望的)、disapproving(不赞成的)。
[典例] (2018·北京高考·D篇)
The possibility of selfdriving robot cars has often seemed like a futurist's dream, years away from materializing in the real world. Well, the future is apparently now. ...
While much of the debate so far has been focused on the safety of driverless cars (and rightfully so), policymakers also should be talking about how selfdriving vehicles can help reduce traffic jams, cut emissions (排放) and offer more convenient, affordable mobility options. The arrival of driverless vehicles is a chance to make sure that those vehicles are environmentally friendly and more shared.
...
Policymakers should start thinking now about how to make sure the appearance of driverless vehicles doesn't extend the worst aspects of the carcontrolled transportation system we have today. The coming technological advancement presents a chance for cities and states to develop transportation systems designed to move more people, and more affordably. The car of the future is coming. We just have to plan for it.
50．What is the author's attitude to the future of selfdriving cars?
A．Doubtful. B．Positive.
C．Disapproving. D．Sympathetic.
解析 B 由文章中对无人驾驶汽车的期待的语气及第二段讲无人驾驶汽车的优点“The arrival of driverless vehicles is a chance to make sure that those vehicles are environmentally friendly and more shared.”可知，作者对无人驾驶汽车的未来持积极态度。故选B。
4 语言特色推断出处
解题指导 1.广告：语言简洁鲜明，有亮点；2.报刊：时事性强，分不同板块，高考中常以政治、生活为主；3.杂志：覆盖生活各个层面，更贴近幕后，更贴近生活；4.产品说明书：对某产品的功能特色及操作方式等做出介绍；5.药品说明：说明药品的服用时间、次数、药量、禁忌等；6.网络：文体不限，找到click here, download, upload, link, mouse, surf等网络标志语。
[典例] (2019·安徽皖北高三联考·C篇)
About 1.5 billion people speak English around the world. But for more than 1.1 billion of them, English is their second language—often with a noticeable accent.
“Someone's accent really reveals a lot about who they are and their identity. It will tell people what their native language is and probably where they come from，” says Marc Pell, a communications professor at McGill University in Montreal. And according to Pell, one reaction to it can be a bias (偏见) against that person.
Previous research that has been done elsewhere showed that people who have an accent tend to be trusted less, simply because they have an accent. But accents aren't the only thing we listen for when we have to decide if we trust another person. Tone of voice also plays a role. Pell and his team wanted to know if people would trust a confident tone, even if it came from someone with an accent.
The researchers had Canadian English speakers listen to different versions of people saying neutral (无明显特性的) statements like “she has access to the building” while they were getting a brain scan in an MRI (磁共振成像) machine. Subjects heard someone say it with a confident tone with a Canadian English accent, an Australian accent or a French accent. Participants also heard the sentence with the three accents spoken in a doubtful or neutral tone.
The MRI scans showed that the participants had to use more brain power to decide if they could trust the statements said with the nonnative accents. When the study participants heard the Australian or French accents, blood flow increased to the part of the brain that we use to process sound. They seemed to have to analyze that perhaps more carefully, or for a longer period of time to make this decision about whether they truly believed the speaker, especially when the speaker sounded doubtful. When asked, the participants reported not trusting either Australian or French accents—except when the statements were said confidently. It seems that confidence speaks for itself.
31．Where does this text most probably come from?
A．A research plan.
B．A health magazine.
C．An academic journal.
D．A languagelearning guide.
解析 C 文章前两段指出说英语有口音带来的负面影响，第三段开始介绍研究成果并呈现一个新的研究：在带口音的情况下，语气自信和能否赢得信任的关系。接着详细描述了实验过程和结果，结合文中的关键词“Previous research”，“The MRI scans showed”判断文章最有可能来自学术期刊。故选C。
5 写作思路推断文章结构
解题指导 1.了解常见写作手法：按事件发展的顺序；按时间顺序；按地点或空间顺序；按内容总分关系；按人物活动内容；2.把握写作思路：在理解全文的基础上对所描述的事件的发展顺序、所说明事物的结构层次或论证过程中使用的论证方法进行推理判断和分析总结时，准确把握作者的写作思路尤为重要。
[典例] (2016·四川高考·D篇)
A warm drink of milk before bed has long been the best choice for those wanting a good night's sleep. But now a study has found it really does help people nod off—if it is milked from a cow at night.
Researchers have discovered that “night milk” contains more melatonin (褪黑激素), which has been proven to help people feel sleepy and reduce anxiety.
The study, by researchers from Seoul, South Korea, involved mice being fed with dried milk powder made from cows milked both during the day and at night.
...
Previous studies have also indicated that milk can be excellent for helping sleep because of the calcium content, which helps people to relax.
35．How does the author support the theme of the text?
A．By giving examples.
B．By stating arguments.
C．By explaining statistical data.
D．By providing research results.
解析 D 根据原文中的has found, Researchers have discovered, the study及Previous studies have also indicated等信息可知，作者以呈现研究的事实结果的方式来写作本文。故答案选D。
过关检测(限时：35分钟)
(2019·太原质量监测)It's that time of year when people need to lock their cars. It's not because there are a lot of criminals running around stealing cars. Rather, it's because of good－hearted neighbors who want to share their harvest. Especially with this year's large crop, leaving a car unlocked in my neighborhood is an invitation for someone to fill it will zucchini (西葫芦)．
My sister－in－law, Sharon, recently had a good year for tomatoes. She and her family had eaten and canned so many that they began to feel their skin turn slightly red.
That's when she decided it was time to share her blessings. She started calling everyone she knew. When that failed, she began to ask everyone in the neighborhood like a politician, eventually finding a neighbor delighted to have the tomatoes. “Feel free to take whatever you want，” Sharon told her. She felt happy that she could help someone and that the food didn't go to waste.
A few days later, Sharon answered the door. There was the neighbor, holding a loaf of bread. The neighbor smiled pleasantly, “I want to thank you for all of the tomatoes, and I have to admit that I took a few other things and hoped you wouldn't mind.”
Sharon couldn't think of anything else in her garden that had been worth harvesting and said so. “Oh, but you did，” the neighbor said. “You had some of the prettiest zucchini I've ever seen.”
Sharon was confused. Zucchini in her garden? They hadn't even planted any zucchini. But her neighbor insisted that there really are bright－green zucchini in Sharon's garden. Sharon's curiosity got the better of her and she had to go and see where the zucchini had grown. The two of them walked together into the backyard. When the neighbor pointed at the long green vegetables, Sharon smiled. “Well, actually, those are cucumbers that we never harvested, because they got too big, soft and bitter for eating or canning.”
The neighbor looked at Sharon, shock written all over her face. Then, she smiled, and held out the bread that she had shared all over the neighborhood, “I brought you a loaf of cucumber bread. I hope you like it.”
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要描述了作者所在的社区邻里之间互相分享一些农产品的事和期间闹出的一些笑话。
1．Why does the author suggest that people in the neighborhood lock their cars?
A．They might be stolen by thieves.
B．They might be moved away by the police.
C．Their neighbors might fill them with their harvest.
D．Their neighbors might throw rubbish in them.
答案：C 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Rather, it's because of good－hearted neighbors who want to share their harvest.”并结合上下文可推知，这是因为他们热心的邻居会把收获的东西塞进未上锁的车里。故选C。
2．How did those who received Sharon's call react to the invitation to take her tomatoes?
A．They refused to take it.
B．They accepted it with pleasure.
C．They promised to come when they were free.
D．They recommended someone else who like them.
答案：A 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“She started calling everyone she knew. When that failed ...”并结合上下文可知，Sharon给所有熟人打电话让他们来她家里拿西红柿，结果都失败了；由此可推知，他们拒绝来她家拿西红柿。故选A。
3．What did the neighbor do in Sharon's garden?
A．She harvested tomatoes only.
B．She harvested zucchini by accident.
C．She took some cucumbers mistakenly.
D．She stole something without Sharon's permission.
答案：C 细节理解题。根据第三至五段的内容可知，Sharon的邻居在她的园子里摘西红柿时，误把黄瓜当作西葫芦摘走了。故选C。
4．We can infer from the article that the neighbor's bread would taste ________.
A．bitter but tasty B．strange and bitter
C．hard and sour D．soft and sweet
答案：B 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“Well, actually, those are cucumbers that we never harvested, because they got too big, soft and bitter for eating or canning.”和下文可知，邻居是用Sharon园里的味道苦涩的老黄瓜做的面包；由此可推知，邻居的面包尝起来味道应该会很怪而且是苦的。故选B。
(2019·河北衡水中学高三模拟)If you are like most students, you probably sit still while learning a new language. However, sitting still may not always be the best way to learn. English learners can improve their language skills through movement, says Tamara Jones. She works at the English Language Center at Howard Community College in Maryland.
So, what is the relationship between physical movement and the brain? The idea is that the brain and the body are joined together. This means that one affects the other.
Many people are familiar with the idea that the brain tells the body to move. And many people are familiar with the idea that repeating an action over and over again helps your brain to remember. However, some research, such as a study by Morsella and Krauss, suggests that your body might help your brain to find memories. Specifically, movements we make with our body, such as hand gestures, may help us to remember and use the correct words.
This idea is part of the reason why experts on learning strategies, which are ways to improve the learning process, suggest using movements. One learning approach, the Cognitive Academic Language Learning Approach, or CALLA, calls the use of
movements “Using Your Kinesthetic (动觉的) Sense”．
Beyond helping the brain to find memories, movements also aid in learning, says Tamara Jones. “There's a lot of research that suggests what you do with your body, you remember with your brain. And also, a lot of these physical movements will encourage us in class or in life, when we are practicing on our own, to repeat and repeat and repeat the word as we are doing the physical movement, and this also helps us remember the word.”
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。研究表明，动起来有益于语言学习，也就是说大脑和肢体的结合有助于语言技能的提高。
5．Why does the author refer to Morsella and Krauss?
A．To measure their achievement.
B．To prove Jones' opinion right.
C．To introduce the theme of the passage.
D．To present a commonly？held idea.
答案：B 推理判断题。根据文章第一段中的“English learners can improve their language skills through movement, says Tamara Jones.”以及第三段中的“a study by Morsella and Krauss, suggests that your body might help your brain to find memories ...”可知，Morsella和Krauss的观点是身体可能有助于人们找寻记忆，记起并准确地使用单词，与文章首段中Tamara Jones的观点是一致的。因此作者提到这两个人是为了证明Tamara Jones的观点是正确的。故选B项。
6．How can physical movements affect one's learning?
A．By shortening the repeating process.
B．By motivating the brain to remember things.
C．By helping one to study in a relaxed state.
D．By enabling one to use advanced words.
答案：B 推理判断题。根据文章第三段中的“movements we make with our body, such as hand gestures, may help us to remember and use the correct words”并结合最后一段的内容可知，肢体运动有助于刺激大脑进行记忆，由此可知选项B正确。
7．Which statement may Tamara Jones agree with?
A．Knowledge starts with practice.
B．The body can control the brain deeply.
C．Movements help the brain work better.
D．Language learners must be more active.
答案：C 细节理解题。根据文章首段内容可知，Tamara
Jones的观点是身体运动能帮助英语学习者提高语言技能，再结合第二段内容可知C项观点(运动可以帮助大脑更好地工作)与其观点最接近。因此C项符合题意。
8．What does the underlined word “this” in the last paragraph mean?
A．Practicing English on your own.
B．Speaking the word again and again.
C．Grasping an effective learning strategy.
D．Repeating words while moving your body.
答案：D 指代判断题。根据最后一段中的“to repeat and repeat and repeat the word as we are doing the physical movement, and this also helps us remember the word”可知，this指代的应是and前的内容，即当我们在做身体运动时不断地重复单词。故选D项。
(2019·天津高考)Would you BET on the future of this man? He is 53 years old. Most of his adult life has been a losing struggle against debt and misfortune. A war injury has made his left hand stop functioning, and he has often been in prison. Driven by heavenknowswhat motives, he determines to write a book.
The book turns out to be one that has appealed to the world for more than 350 years. That former prisoner was Cervantes, and the book was Don Quixote (《堂吉诃德》). And the story poses an interesting question：why do some people discover new vitality and creativity to the end of their days, while others go to seed long before?
We've all known people who run_out_of_steam before they reach life's halfway mark. I'm not talking about those who fail to get to the top. We can't all get there. I'm talking about people who have stopped learning on growing because they have adopted the fixed attitudes and opinions that all too often come with passing years.
Most of us, in fact, progressively narrow the variety of our lives. We succeed in our field of specialization and then become trapped in it. Nothing surprises us. We lose our sense of wonder. But, if we are willing to learn, the opportunities are everywhere.
The things we learn in maturity seldom involve information and skills. We learn to bear with the things we can't change. We learn to avoid selfpity. We learn that however much we try to please, some people are never going to love us—an idea that troubles at first but is eventually relaxing.
With high motivation and enthusiasm, we can keep on learning. Then we will know how important it is to have meaning in our life. However, we can achieve meaning only if we have made a commitment to something larger than our own little egos (自我), whether to loved ones, to fellow humans, to work, or to some moral concept.
Many of us equate (视……等同于) “commitment” with such “caring” occupations as teaching and nursing. But doing any ordinary job as well as one can is in itself an admirable commitment. People who work toward such excellence—whether they are driving a truck, or running a store—make the world better just by being the kind of people they are. They've learned life's most valuable lesson.
篇章导读：本文是一篇议论文，文章主要论述了如何过一种有意义的成年人生活。
9．The passage starts with the story of Cervantes to show that ________.
A．loss of freedom stimulates one's creativity
B．age is not a barrier to achieving one's goal
C．misery inspires a man to fight against his fate
D．disability cannot stop a man's pursuit of success
答案：B 推理判断题。根据前两段中的描述，此人53岁，有债务，生活不幸，身上还有伤，但他下决心写一本书，而且此书还获得了成功，350多年后依旧受欢迎，可知作者通过Cervantes的故事来表明年龄不是一个人实现目标的障碍，故答案为B。
10．What does the underlined part in Paragraph 3 probably mean?
A．End one's struggle for liberty.
B．Waste one's energy taking risks.
C．Miss the opportunity to succeed.
D．Lose the interest to continue learning.
答案：D 词义猜测题。根据画线部分后作者讲述“我谈论的是那些已经不再学习成长的人，因为他们已经接受了固定的态度和观点，这些都是随着时间的流逝而来的”可知，画线短语的意思是“没有兴趣继续学习”，故答案为D。
11．What could be inferred from Paragraph 4?
A．Those who dare to try often get themselves trapped.
B．Those who tend to think back can hardly go ahead.
C．Opportunity favors those with a curious mind.
D．Opportunity awaits those with a cautious mind.
答案：C 推理判断题。第四段提到我们在自己的专业领域里取得成功，然后深陷其中，没有什么使我们吃惊，我们失去了好奇心。但后一句说，如果我们愿意学习的话，机会无处不在。暗含的意思就是如果我们有好奇心的话，我们就有机会获得成功，故答案为C。
12．What does the author intend to tell us in Paragraph 5?
A．A tough man can tolerate suffering.
B．A wise man can live without selfpity.
C．A man should try to satisfy people around him.
D．A man should learn suitable ways to deal with life.
答案：D 推理判断题。作者在文中告诉我们要学会忍受我们不能改变的事物，要学会避免自怜，要知道不管我们怎么表现，总有人不喜欢我们等等，由此可知第五段的主要意思是告诉我们要用合适的方法去对待生活。故答案为D。
13．What is the author's purpose in writing the passage?
A．To provide guidance on leading a meaningful adult life.
B．To stress the need of shouldering responsibilities at work.
C．To state the importance of generating motivation for learning.
D．To suggest a way of pursuing excellence in our lifelong career.
答案：A 主旨大意题。根据文章的主要内容，作者通过一个例子引出主题：一个人如何过有意义的成年人生活。作者为我们提供了一些指导，要有动力，要有好奇心，要用适当的方式去对待生活等，故答案为A。
(2019·四川省成都诊断性检测)This rainy afternoon I decided to visit the Great North Museum. Walking into the building, I just felt excited, looking forward to what I was going to find out in the visit—something I would like to share with my beloved husband when I got home.
Just as I walked past the Chinese Antique Porcelain section, one collection caught my eyes and heart very much: a Chinese plate with a drawing of a garden scene with two ladies, a child, a dog and a willow, very beautiful and unique. It reminded me that my mum used to have a similar plate like that; of course it was not from the Ming Dynasty, but we had plates and bowls of a similar design, following and serving us for many years.
I still remember every day Mum was busy cooking for eight of us. While waiting for the dinner to be ready, we would play in the garden, jumping up and down, with the
family dogs and cats also running around. When the dinner was ready, we all ran over to the big round table, everyone holding a bowl with rice, and chopsticks, getting ready to fight for the food on the table. My mum normally would prepare five or six dishes served with those beautiful Chinese plates. The noises of chatting mixed with the warm heat, sweat, and wind blowing would slowly accompany the sun setting down. The pleasant evening would come and purple and blue colored the sky. Mum's face was full of shine and happiness; she loved to see us finish all her dishes. She would always be the last person to eat, and basically the last to clear the leftovers. Mum always put herself last and the children first. Then I moved away and lived so far from her, but the food that she prepared always stays in my heart, and I always remember the beautiful Chinese plates.
Plates for many people can be just tools to serve food, nothing more than that. But for me they are not plates; for me they are a memory.
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了作者去博物馆参观时由一个盘子回想起过去和家人一起吃晚饭的美好时光。
14．Why did the Chinese plate in the Museum draw the author's attention?
A．Because its pattern and design were elegant.
B．Because it called up her previous experience.
C．Because she could share it with her husband.
D．Because she remembered Mum had the same plate.
答案：B 推理判断题。根据第三段的整体内容，并结合最后一段可推知，博物馆的瓷盘子吸引作者的原因是它引起了作者的美好回忆，故选B。
15．What can we infer about the author from Paragraph 3?
A．She didn't want to help her mother cook dinner.
B．She used to fight against her families for more food.
C．Her family enjoyed a warm and happy dinner atmosphere.
D．Her mum would serve precious dishes with Chinese plates.
答案：C 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“The pleasant evening would come and purple and blue colored the sky. Mum's face was full of shine and happiness; she loved to see us finish all her dishes.”可推知，作者一家非常享受温暖且愉快的晚餐氛围，故选C。
16．How does the author sound while telling the story?
A．Touched. B．Excited.
C．Pleased. D．Encouraged.
答案：A 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Plates for many people can be just tools to serve food, nothing more than that. But for me they are not plates; for me they are a
memory.”可推知，作者因一个类似的盘子勾起了对家人的美好回忆因而用一种深受感动的语气娓娓道来，故选A，touched “受感动的”。
强化特训4 推理判断类(限时：25分钟)
[1]
This month, the singing competition, American Idol, will come to an end. For years, the popular show was a platform for rising artists. With a group of famous judges and a wide range of talents, it is clear that the competitive atmosphere of American Idol will remain unrivaled by any other show. After all, its success has been “unmatched in broadcasting history”．
American Idol came from the British series Pop Idol. Through an application, contestants came into the competition and thereafter, were chosen to audition (试音) for the show. Each candidate would have to perform a piece to the judges, and participate in a strict selection process. Not only would contestants have to sing in groups, they were sometimes tasked to perform pieces without musical instruments. At the end of this stage, only 24 to 36 artists were chosen to enter the semi－final stage. Soon, the fate of the contestants would be decided by the public. During the candidate's live performance, a free telephone number was displayed on the screen for viewers to dial, to cast their vote. At the end of the night, only 13 lucky singers would be left in the competition; by the finals, only 8 contestants would remain. Finally, a runner－up (亚军) and a winner were announced every season. Though only the winner would receive a million dollar reward and a significant record deal, other contestants would have had a chance to be known by the public. As the famous producer Simon Cowell once said, “The point of the show is not to be mean to loser, but to find a winner.”
As the final season of the program begins, past winners will return to the stage to say goodbye and a new winner will be announced. With amazing performances and an excellent cast of singers, the show's conclusion will leave audiences nostalgic (怀旧的), but more satisfied than ever.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了很受欢迎的流行节目American Idol和它的比赛过程。
1．Those who enter American Idol will ________.
A．share the one million dollar reward together
B．be asked to perform in pairs in the semi－finals
C．experience at least three rounds of performances
D．have the chance to become famous even if they fail
答案：D 细节理解题。根据第二段倒数第二句中的“Though only the winner
would receive a million dollar reward and a significant record deal”可知A项错误；B项文中没有提及；根据第二段第五句可知，参加American Idol的选手第一轮只剩下24到36人，并不是所有的选手都至少经历三轮表演，故C项错误；根据第二段倒数第二句中的“other contestants would have had a chance to be known by the public”可知D项正确。
2．Who play the most important roles in the finals of American Idol?
A．The audiences. B．The past winners.
C．The judges. D．The record companies.
答案：A 细节理解题。根据第二段第六、七句可知，在决赛阶段起最重要作用的是观众，故选A。
3．The author thinks the conclusion of American Idol will ________.
A．change its history
B．be worth watching
C．not be the last season
D．pick her favorite singer
答案：B 推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“With amazing performances and an excellent cast of singers, the show's conclusion will leave audiences nostalgic (怀旧的), but more satisfied than ever.”可知作者认为the show's conclusion “值得观看”，故选B。
4．In which section of the newspaper may you probably find the passage?
A．Advertisement. B．Finance.
C．Entertainment. D．Business.
答案：C 推理判断题。根据文章可知本文介绍的是歌唱比赛节目，应属于娱乐类，故选C。
[2]
How fit are your teeth? Are you lazy about brushing them? Never fear: An inventor is on the case. An electric toothbrush senses how long and how well you brush, and it lets you track your performance on your phone.
The Kolibree toothbrush was exhibited at the International Consumer Electronics Show in Las Vegas this week. It senses how it is moved and can send the information to an Android phone or iPhone via a Bluetooth wireless connection.
The toothbrush will be able to teach you to brush right (don't forget the insides of the teeth！) and make sure you're brushing long enough. “It's kind of like having a dentist actually watch your brushing on a day－to－day basis，” says Thomas Serval, the French inventor.
The toothbrush will also be able to talk to other applications on your phone, so developers could, for instance, create a game controlled by your toothbrush. You could score points for beating monsters among your teeth. “We try to make it smart but also fun，” Serval says.
Serval says he was inspired by his experience as a father. He would come home from work and ask his kids if they had brushed their teeth. They said “yes”， but Serval would find their toothbrush heads dry. He decided he needed a brush that really told him how well his children brushed.
The company says the Kolibree will go on sale this summer, for $99 to $199, depending on features. The US is the first target market.
Serval says that one day, it'll be possible to replace the brush on the handle with a brushing unit that also has a camera. The camera can even examine holes in your teeth while you brush.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种新型的电动牙刷。它既智能又有趣，能够检查人们的刷牙情况。
5．Which is one of the features of the Kolibree toothbrush?
A．It can sense how users brush their teeth.
B．It can track users' school performance.
C．It can detect users' fear of seeing a dentist.
D．It can help users find their phones.
答案：A 细节理解题。根据第一段第四句“An electric toothbrush senses how long and how well you brush, and it lets you track your performance on your phone.”可知，这种电动牙刷感知你刷牙的时间和刷牙的情况，你可以通过你的手机看到你刷牙的情况。故A项正确。
6．What can we learn from Serval's words in Paragraph 3?
A．You will find it enjoyable to see a dentist.
B．You should see your dentist on a day－to－day basis.
C．You can brush with the Kolibree as if guided by a dentist.
D．You'd like a dentist to watch you brush your teeth every day.
答案：C 推理判断题。根据第三段Serval说的话“It's kind of like having a dentist actually watch your brushing on a day－to－day basis”可推断，使用这种电动牙刷就好像有一个牙医天天监督指导你刷牙一样。故答案为C。
7．What is Paragraph 5 mainly about?
A．How Serval found out his kids lied to him.
B．Why Serval thought brushing teeth was necessary.
C．How Serval taught his kids to brush their teeth.
D．What inspired Serval to invent the toothbrush.
答案：D 段落大意题。第五段主要阐述了Serval作为父亲发现孩子没有刷牙却说自己刷牙了这种情况之后，决定设计一种能够清楚地知道孩子刷牙情况的牙刷。因此推断本段主要讲述什么激励Serval发明了这种电动牙刷。故选D。
8．What can we infer about Serval's children?
A．They were unwilling to brush their teeth.
B．They often failed to clean their toothbrushes.
C．They preferred to use a toothbrush with a dry head.
D．They liked brushing their teeth after Serval came home.
答案：A 推理判断题。根据第五段第二、三两句“He would come home from work and ask his kids if they had brushed their teeth. They said ‘yes’， but Serval would find their toothbrush heads dry.”可知，Serval的孩子没有刷牙却说自己刷牙了，因此推断孩子们不喜欢刷牙。故选A。
[3]
Cyberspace, data superhighway, multimedia, for those who have seen the future, and the linking of computers, televisions and telephones will change our lives for ever. Yet for all the talks of a forthcoming technological utopia, little attention has been given to the implications of these developments for the poor. As for all the new high technology, the West concerns itself with the “how”， while the question of “for whom” is put aside once again.
Economists are only now realizing the full extent to which the communication revolution has affected the world economy. Information technology allows the extension of trade across geographical and industrial boundaries, and transnational corporations take full advantage of it. Terms of trade and exchange, interest rates and money movements are more important than the production of goods. The electronic economy made by information technology allows the haves to increase their control on global markets—with a destructive impact on the have－nots.
For them the result is unstable, Developing countries which rely on the production of a small range of goods for export are made to feel like small parts in the international economic machine. As “futures” are traded on computer screens, developing countries simply have less and less control of their destinies.
So what are the options of regaining control? One alternative for developing countries is to buy in the latest computers and telecommunications. Yet this leads to long－term dependency and perhaps permanent constraints on developing countries' economies.
Communication technology is generally exported from the US, Europe or Japan; the patents, skills and ability remain in the hands of a few industrialized countries. It is also expensive, therefore imported products and services must be bought on credit usually provided by the very countries whose companies stand to gain.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了新技术对发展中国家和发达国家的影响。
9．It can be inferred from the passage that ________.
A．international trade should be expanded
B．the interests of the poor countries have not been given enough consideration
C．the exports of the poor countries should be increased
D．communication technology in developing countries should be modernized
答案：B 推理判断题。文章第一段第二句指出“ ... little attention has been given to ... the poor”，即很少有人注意这些发展对穷人的意义。因此选B。
10．Why does the author say that the electronic economy may have a destructive impact on developing countries?
A．Because it enables the developed countries to control the international market.
B．Because it destroys the economic balance of the poor countries.
C．Because it violates the national boundaries of the poor countries.
D．Because it inhibits the industrial growth of developing countries.
答案：A 细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“ ... allows the haves to increase their control on global markets ... ”以及后文的论述可以看出，这里的“the haves”指的就是西方发达国家，因此答案为A项。
11．The development of modern communication technology in developing countries may ________.
A．hinder their industrial production
B．cause them to lose control of their trade
C．force them to reduce their share of exports
D．cost them their economic independence
答案：D 细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句“Yet this leads to long－term dependency ... economies.(然而这会导致长期的依赖，也许会对发展中国家的经济产生永久性的制约)”可知，这会使发展中国家失去经济独立。
12．The author's attitude towards the communication revolution is ________.
A．positive B．critical
C．indifferent D．tolerant
答案：B 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“little attention has ... for the poor”、第二段中的“Economists are only now realizing ... ”和第三段中的“For them the result is unstable”等不难看出作者对这种代表着发达国家利益、不顾及发展中国家利益的通讯革命是持批评态度的，故选B。
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