2020-2021年高考英语一轮复习 Unit 4 Earthquakes 21页

2020-2021 年高考英语一轮复习 Unit 4 Earthquakes 【核心素养分析】 语言知识 ：要求考生掌握并能运用英语词汇、语法基础知识以及所学话题。 1.考纲内要掌握的词汇、短语和句型 项目 单词及其词性变化（语法填空必备） 重点单词 1．burst vi.爆裂；爆发 n．突然破裂，爆发 2．event n．事件；大事 3．nation n．民族；国家；国民→national adj.国家的，民族的→nationality n．国籍 4．ruin n．废墟；毁灭 vt.毁灭；使破产 5．suffering n．苦难；痛苦→suffer v．受苦，遭受 6．extreme adj.极度的→extremely adv. 7．injure vt.损害；伤害→injured adj.受伤的→injury n．伤害，损害 8．destroy vt.破坏；毁坏；消灭 9．useless adj.无用的；无效的；无益的→useful(反义词)→use v. & n．使用，利用 10．shock vt. & vi.(使)震惊；震动 n．休克；打击；震惊 11．rescue n. & vt.援救；营救 12．trap vt.使陷入困境 n．陷阱；困境 13．electricity n．电；电流；电学→electric adj.用电的；带电的；发电的→electrical adj.与电有 关的；电学的 14．disaster n．灾难；灾祸 15．bury vt.埋葬；掩埋；隐藏 16．shelter n．掩蔽；掩蔽处；避身处 17．damage n. & vt.损失；损害 18．frighten vt.使惊吓；吓唬→frightened adj.受惊的；受恐吓的→frightening adj.令人恐惧的 19．judge n．裁判员；法官 vt.断定；判断；判决→judgement n．判断，判决 20．express vt.表示；表达 n.快车；速递→expression n．表达→expressive adj.有表现力的 2. 语法基础知识——名词性从句 主题语境：话题——自然灾害（人与自然） 语言技能：能在主题语境下，运用所学的语言知识写出日常生活事物的应用文，能够以较丰富的语言写出 读后续写的故事。 【基础巩固】 知识点 1．burst vi. (burst, burst) 爆裂；爆发 n. 突然破裂；爆发 【归纳拓展】 burst out 迸发；突然发作；突然……起来 burst into 闯入；突然出现；突然……起来；突然发作 burst into tears/songs/laughter/angry speech 突然哭/唱/笑/吵起来 burst out crying/singing/laughing 突然哭起来/唱起来/笑起来 burst in 闯入 重点短语 1．right away 立刻 2．at an end 结束 3．in ruins 成为废墟 4．dig out 掘出；发现 5．a(great) number of 许多；大量的 6．give out 分发；发出(气味、热等) 7．thousands of 成千上万 8．think little of 不重视；不假思索 9．blow away 吹走；刮走 10．be proud of 以……而自豪 11．instead of 代替 12．be trapped in 陷入……之中 13．be known for/as 因为/作为……出名 14．bring in 引进；引来 经典句型 （高考书 面表达必 备） 1．In the farmyards, the chickens and even the pigs were too nervous to eat. 在农家院子里，鸡和猪 都烦躁不安，以致不吃食。 2．It seemed as if the world was at an end! 世界似乎到了末日！ 3．All hope was not lost. 不是所有的希望都破灭了。 4．Mice ran out of the fields looking for places to hide. 老鼠从田地里跑出来找地方藏身。 5. Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed.工人们为那些家园遭受破 坏的幸存者建了住所。 必备语法 （高级句 型） 名词性从句（2） burst with anger/grief/joy 勃然大怒/心痛欲绝/乐不可支 be bursting to do 渴望，急着要做(某事) a burst of anger 怒火的迸发 【典例 1】单项填空 If you had endured huge sufferings and pressure beyond imagination before, you ____ tears when success eventually comes. A．would have broken into B．had broken into C．would burst into D．have broken into 【答案】C 【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果你曾经承受过无法想象的巨大痛苦和压力，当成功来临时，你会大哭 起来。分析句子可知，此句是错综虚拟条件句。从句是对过去的虚拟，主句是对现在的虚拟，故应用 would burst into。结合选项，故选 C。 【变式】 语法填空 1. One minute she burst into ____（tear）, and the next she burst out ____（laugh）. We just couldn’t catch her mood at any moment. 【答案】tears; laughing 【解析】考查动词短语的用法。burst into 与 burst out 意思相近，但搭配不同；burst into 后跟名词；而 burst out 后加 doing。句意：她一会哭，一会笑的，不管什么时候，我们都不能理解她的情绪。故填 tears; laughing。 2. Lying on his back on the cold floor in this ________（lonely） house, he suddenly started to feel sorry for himself, ________ （burst）into tears. 【答案】lone；bursting 【解析】句意：他躺在独居的房子的冰冷的地上，突然他对自己感到很抱歉，哭了出来。lone 意为“独居的、 寡居的”。burst into tears 为固定词组，意为“突然哭起来”，现在分词作状语。 3.完成句子 ①After that, he ______________________(突然大哭起来)． ②There came _______________________(一阵笑声)． ③He blew the balloon ________________(直到它爆裂为止)． 【答案】①burst out crying/burst into tears ②a burst of laughter ③until it burst 知识点 2．ruin n. [U]毁坏；毁灭，崩溃[C](pl.) 废墟，遗迹 v. (使)破产，(使)堕落，毁灭 【归纳拓展】 in ruins 成为废墟；破败不堪 be the ruin of 成为……毁灭(堕落)的原因 come/fall to ruin 毁灭，灭亡；崩溃；破坏掉 bring sb. to ruin 使某人失败；使倾家荡产 bring ruin upon oneself 自取灭亡 ruin oneself 自取灭亡 ruin one's health/fame 毁坏某人的健康/名誉 【典例 2】 A few minutes ______ the earthquake lasted, the whole village was left ______, with thousands of people killed, ______ or homeless. A．although, ruining, damaged B．as, in ruins, injured C．though, a ruin, destroyed D．while, ruined, wounded 【答案】B 【解析】考查倒装、固定短语、动词辨析。句意：虽然地震只持续了几分钟，但整个村子都成了废墟，成 千上万的人丧生、受伤或无家可归。 第一空：although/ though/ while 意为： 虽然；常置于句首，应表达为 Although/ Though /While the earthquake lasted a few minutes; as 意为：虽然，引导让步状语从句，常用倒装，将 a few minutes 提前，也可以用 though。 此空可选 as 或 though; 第二空：in ruins 成为废墟；leave the whole village in ruins 是 leave+宾语+介词短语作宾语补足语； 第三空：是 with+宾语+过去分词作宾语补足语。damage 损坏；destroy 毁掉，毁灭；injure 受伤（常指意外 地受伤）；wound 受伤（常指战争中受伤），填 injured。 故选 B 项。 【变式】 1.I got caught in the rain on my way home and my new suit______（ruin）. 【答案】has been ruined 【解析】考查动词时态。句意：我在回家的路上淋了雨，新衣服被毁了。my suit 与 ruin 的关系是被动关系．要 用被动语态；从题意可知，我的衣服是过去弄湿了，现在还是湿的，用现在完成时态；主语 my new suit 是 第三人称单数。故填 has been ruined。 2. Two days later, the fighting between the two countries left the area ____________ ruins. 【答案】in 【解析】句意：两天后，两国的战争让这个区域成为废墟。in ruins 破败不堪；D. in peace 和平。结合语境 可知，战争毁掉了这个区域，故填 in。 3. His future lies in _________（ruin）because he was caught stealing in the shop and put into prison. 【答案】ruins 【解析】句意：他的前程全毁了，因为他因在商店偷窃被逮捕并关进了监狱。in ruins：严重受损，破败不 堪。根据语境故填 ruins。 4.根据汉语提示完成句子 (1)An earthquake________________________(使全城到处是颓垣断壁)．(leave) (2)Some pre－war constructions were abandoned and eventually ________________(成了废墟)． (3)That one mistake ________ (毁坏)his chances of getting the job. 【答案】(1)left the whole city in ruins (2)fell/came to ruin(3)ruined 知识点 3．injure vt. 损害，伤害 【归纳拓展】 injury n. 伤，伤口；伤害 injured adj. 受伤的，受委屈的 do an injury to sb.伤害某人 the injured 伤员 an injured look/expression 委屈的样子/表情 injured pride/feelings 受到伤害的自尊/情感 【典例 3】 1. The earthquake hit Central Mexico on Tuesday evening, ________31 people. A．injuring B．injured C．having injured D．to injure 【答案】A 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：周二晚上，墨西哥中部发生地震，造成人员伤亡。句中主谓宾完整，所 填词要用非谓语动词，非谓语动词的逻辑主语 The earthquake(地震)是动词 injure 的执行者，injure 表示的动 作与为谓语动词 hit 表示的动作同时发生，所以用现在分词，故选 A。 2.（2019·天津高三月考）---With his leg _______ in the game, I’m afraid Tony can’t take part in the next match. ---I _______ his home the other day, and his mum said he was still in hospital. A．injuring; have contacted B．being injured; have contacted C．to be injured; contacted D．injured; contacted 【答案】D 【解析】考查动词辨析。句意：—因为他的腿在比赛里受伤了，恐怕 Tony 不能参加下一场比赛了。—几天 前我联系了他的家人，他妈妈说他还在住院。第一空中过去分词 injured 表示“受伤”的状态，第二空 所在句 子的时间状语是 the other day，表示过去时，所以要填过去式 contacted。故 D 项正确。 【变式】 单句填空 1. Recently, violent crimes of beating, looting and burning in Hong Kong broke out, ______（kill） an innocent old man and with more than 80 ______（injure）. 【答案】killing; injured 【解析】句意：近日，香港暴力殴打抢劫犯罪事件发生，造成一名无辜老人死亡，80 余人受伤。分析句子 可知，第一空，kill 的现在分词作结果状语，表主语 violent crimes 造成的结果，故用 killing 表示结果状语； 第二空，with 的复合结构作句子的状语，人们被伤，用 injure 的过去分词表被动。 2.Having been treated in the hospital for as long as six months, the man _________（injure） in the car crash is now eventually back on his feet. 【解析】injured 考查过去分词。句意：在医院接受了长达六个月的治疗后，在车祸中受伤的那个人现在终 于恢复了健康。此处是过去分词短语作定语。故填 injured。 3.He tried his best to comfort the ________（injure）passengers and told them help was on the way. 【解析】injured 考查过去分词。句意：他尽力安慰受伤的乘客，告诉他们救援已经在路上了。The injured 故填 injured。 知识点 4．shock n. [U；C]打击；震惊；震动；休克 vt. 使震惊，使惊愕 【归纳拓展】 be shocked at/by (doing) sth. 被震惊 be shocked to do sth. 惧怕做某事 It shocked sb. to see/hear...看见/听到……使某人震惊。 (be) a shock to sb. 对某人来说是个打击 【温馨提示】 shocked adj. 感到惊奇的，惊讶的(主语多为人) shocking adj. 令人气愤的，令人惊讶的(主语多为物) 【典例 4】 语法填空 1.The other day a young actor died suddenly when performing in a TV show, which ______（shock）everyone. 【答案】shocked 【解析】根据主句中的 died 可知，此处用一般过去时，这是一个非限制性定语从句，先行词是前面整个句 子的内容。故填 shocked。 2. The ________ news made all the people present ________（shock）. 【答案】shocking; shocked 【解析】shocking 令人吃惊的； shocked 对……感到吃惊；通常指人的特性。句意：这个令人吃惊的消息令 所有在场的人感到吃惊。 【变式】 1.完成句子 (1)____________________ the sight.这情景使我大为震惊。 (2)If you touch a live wire, __________________．如果你摸带电的线，就会触电。 (3)The message __________________________．这条消息使他震惊。 【答案】(1)I am/was shocked at/by(2)you will get a shock (3)makes/made him shocked 2.—Have you heard of ________ death of Steven Jobs? — Yes. It must be________ shock to Apple fans. A．the; the B．a; the C．the; a D．a; / 【答案】C 【解析】考查冠词题。第一格特指乔布斯的死；第二格 a shock 是指一件令人惊讶的事情。 知识点 5．bury vt. 埋葬；掩埋；隐藏 【归纳拓展】 bury oneself in study 埋头研究 bury oneself in (doing) sth. 专心致力于(做)某事 be buried in thoughts 沉思 bury one's face in one's hands 双手掩面 be buried alive 被活埋；隐居 【温馨提示】 表示“专心于，致力于”意义的短语还有：be devoted to, be addicted to, be absorbed in 等。 【典例 5】 语法填空 1.The ________ was done early in the morning without a ceremony. 【答案】burial 【解析】句意：安葬是在大清早进行的，没有举行葬礼。burial 为名词，意为“埋葬”。分析句子可知，句中 缺少主语，故用名词形式作主语。 2. The scientist knew nothing about the matter because he was always _____ himself _______his study. 【答案】burying; in 【解析】句意：这位科学家对这件事一无所知，因为他总是埋头于研究。bury oneself in 为固定用法，意为 “埋头于…；专注于…”。分析句子可知，句中已有动词 was，且 bury 与 himself 之间是主动关系，故第一个 空应用非谓语动词 burying。 3. _______ in thought, I didn’t notice what was happening. 【答案】Buried 【解析】考查形容词用法。固定词组 Be buried in 沉浸于…；本题的形容词短语 buried in 修饰主语 I 的情况。 句意：陷入沉思中，我没有注意到所发生的事情。故填 buried。 【变式】 1.翻译句子 (1)He was sitting with his head buried in a book.他坐着__________。（1）埋头看书 (2)He walked slowly, his hands buried in his pockets.他走得很慢，两手_________。（2）插在衣袋里 (3)After the divorce, she buried herself in her work.离婚后，她____________。（3）埋头于工作 2. 单项填空 ①________ deep down in the earth for thousands of years, the dead forest has rotted away and become coal． A．Having buried B．Being buried C．Buried D．To be buried 【答案】C 【解析】句意：被埋在了泥土中数万年，死亡的森林已经腐烂变成了煤。动作 bury 与其逻辑主语 the dead forest 是被动关系，故用过去分词作原因状语，选 C。 ②After starting work, Cao spent his evenings _____ in his books and was eventually admitted to a secondary technical school. A．burying B．buried C．being buried D．having buried 【答案】B 【解析】考查非谓语动词 句意：在开始工作后，Cao 花费晚上的时间埋头读书，最后被一所中等专科学校 录取了。此题容易误选 A，spend time/money doing sth“花费时间或者钱做某事”，而此处只表示埋头读书这 一状态，不强调动作，be buried in “埋头于”，做状语时省略 be 动词，答案选 B。 知识点 6．judge v. 断定；判断；判决 n. 裁判员；法官；评判员 【归纳拓展】 judgment n. 判断，审判，意见，判断力 judging by/from 从……上看，根据……判断 judge sb./sth. from/by... 从……来判断 judge between right and wrong 判断是非 as far as I can judge 据我判断，我认为 in one's judgement 依某人看来，按某人的看法 【典例 6】 The smartphone _____ to be the best ever, users all over the world claim they love it. A．is judged B．judged C．having judged D．to be judged 【答案】B 【解析】考查独立主格。句意：这个手机被评为史上最好，全球的使用者都声称喜欢它。分析句子结构可 知，此处为独立主格，逻辑主语 smartphone 和 judge 之间是被动关系，故用过去分词形 judged。故选 B 项。 【变式】 1.语法填空 ①________（judge） from what she said at the meeting, she must have lied to all of us. 【答案】Judging 【解析】句意：根据她在开会的时候说的话，她一定对我们所有的人撒谎了。Judging by/from 是评述性状语 “根据…来判断”，不需要考虑和后面的主语的关系，故填 Judging。 ②__________to be the best one in the group, she had an opportunity to enter for the final competition. 【答案】Judged 【解析】考查分词做状语。本句中的动词 judge 与句子的主语 she 构成被动关系，故使用过去分词做状语。 句意：被认为在这一群里最好的一个人，她有机会进入最后的决赛。故填 Judged。 2.翻译句子 (1)Don't judge a book by its cover. 勿________取人。（1）以貌 (2) Judging from/by his accent, he must be a southerner.根据他的口音_________，他一定是个南方人。（2）判 断 (3)He was judged to be the best actor of this year.他____________今年的最佳男演员。（3）被评为 知识点 7．at an end 终止；结束 【归纳拓展】 bring...to an end (使)结束，终止 come to an end 结束，终止 at the end of 在……尽头(末) by the end of 到……末为止(常与完成时态连用) in the end 最后，终于(后不加 of 短语) on end 一连，连续 to the end 到底 without end 没完没了 make ends meet 收支相抵 【典例 7】 单项填空 1．We have to wait until the discussion between them ____. A．makes an end B．comes to an end C．puts an end D．brings to an end 【答案】B 【解析】考查词组。句意：我们不得不等到他们之间的讨论结束。固定词组：come to an end 结束。put...to an end， bring ...to an end，故选 B。 2.I will go on a vacation once all the work is _____. A．at the end B．by the end C．in the end D．at an end 【答案】D 【解析】句意：一旦所有的工作结束，我就去度假。A. at the end 在…….的末端；B. by the end 到…为止； C. in the end 最后；D. at an end 结束。分析句意，工作结束了之后，我就去度假。at an end 意为“结束”作表 语。故选 D 项。 【变式】 翻译句子 (1)The year is at an end. 这一年已到___________了。（1）年终 (2)The meeting came to an end. 会议_____________了。（2）结束 (3)Go straight and you’ll find the hospital at the end of the road. 一直往前走，你会在_______________找到这家医院。（3）这条路的尽头 (4)They argued for two hours on end. 他们____________辩论了两个小时。（4）一连 知识点 8．a (great) number of 许多；大量的 【归纳拓展】 a large/great/good number of; a great/good many; a good few; quite a few＋可数名词复数 many a/more than one＋单数可数名词＋单数谓语动词 a great/good deal of; a great/large amount of; quite a little＋不可数名词 a lot/lots of; a great/large quantity of; large quantities of; plenty of＋可数名词复数或不可数名词 【温馨提示】 (1)a number of 是“许多，大量”的意思，后接可数名词复数，谓语动词用复数。 the number of 是“……的数目”的意思，谓语动词用单数。 (2)large quantities of ＋(pl.)/[U]做主语，谓语动词用复数。 large amounts of＋[U] n．做主语，谓语动词用复数。 【典例 8】 (1)____________________(许多学生) find it hard to find an acceptable job after graduation.(number) (2)A great number of new factories ____________________________(被建立)in my hometown since 1987. (3)____________ (大量的金钱已被花) on the new hospital since 1980. 【答案】(1)A great/large number of students(2)have been built/set up(3)Lots of/A lot of money has been spent 【变式】 A large number of students in our school ________ from the countryside; the number ________ growing these years. A．is; has been B．are; has been C．is; have been D．are; have been B 考查主谓一致。“a number of＋复数名词”作主语，谓语动词用复数形式；the number of“……的数量”作主 语时，谓语动词用单数形式。句意：我们学校很多学生来自农村，并且来自农村的学生数量这些年来一直 在增长。 知识点 10．as usual 【归纳拓展】 usual adj. 通常的；平常的 usually adv. 通常地；平常地 …than usual 比平常…… 【典例 10】 1. Lily got up at 6:00 o'clock _______ but she realized it was Sunday soon. A．as usual B．as possible C．at present D．at last 【答案】A 【解析】词义辨析。A 和通常一样；B 尽可能；C 目前；现在；D 最后，终于；句意：Lily 和往常一样在六 点就起床了。但是她很快就发现是周日。根据句意说明 A 正确。 考点：考查词义辨析 2. —How often do you eat out? —___, but usually once a week. A．I have no idea B．It depends C．As usual D．Generally speaking 【答案】B 【解析】句意：—你多久外出就餐一次？—视情况而定，但是通常是一周一次。 A. I have no idea 不知 道 B. It depends 看情况而定 C. As usual 像平常一样 D. Generally speaking 一般来说。根据语境判断， 故选 B。 考点：考查情景交际的用法。 【变式】 语法填空 1．It is such an ________（usual） work of art that the museum has decided to buy and keep it. 【答案】unusual 【解析】这是件不寻常的艺术作品所以博物馆决定买下并收藏它。根据句意故填 unusual。 2． This morning, she got up early as ______（usually）. 【答案】usual 【解析】句意：今天早上，她像往常一样起得很早。as usual 像往常一样，照例，故填 usual。 3．My father went to work by car as usual today, but he arrived at the company later______ usual. 【答案】than 【解析】考查固定短语。As usual 和平时一样；than usual 通常与比较级连用，本题中的 later than usual 比往 常要晚。句意：我的父亲今天和平时一样开车上班，但是他到公司要比往常要晚。故填 than。 【考点精讲】 【教材原句】It seemed as if the world was at an end! 世界似乎到了末日！ 【句法分析】It seems (to sb.) that... (对某人来说)似乎……＝Sb. seems to do/to be doing/to have done... It seems as if/though... “似乎(好像)……”，可接虚拟语气。 seem＋(to be)＋n./adj. 似乎是…… There seems to be... 好像有…… It seems so. (＝So it seems.) 似乎是那样。 【例句研读】 ①It seemed that he had known the truth.＝He seemed to have known the truth. 他好像知道了真相。 ②His father seems (to be) strict.他父亲似乎很严厉。 ③There seemed to be a voice in the distance.似乎远处有人说话。 ④It always seemed as though everything in my childhood had just happened.我童年的一切仿佛刚刚发生一样。 【拓展归纳】 seem/look/appear (1)seem 暗含有一定的根据，往往是接近实际的判断，后可接介词、形容词、不定式或从句。 (2)look 着重由视觉而得出的印象，可与 like 连用，但不能与不定式连用。可接 as if 从句，不接 that 从句。 (3)appear 强调外表给人的印象，而且事实往往并非如此。可接 that 从句，不接 as if 从句。 【典例 1】 1. ________ seems to be no possibility ________ Bob can win the first prize in the match. A．It; that B．There; that C．There; whether D．It; whether 【答案】B 【解析】考查固定句型和同位语从句。句意：鲍勃在比赛中似乎不可能赢得第一名。结合句意可知此处是 There seems to be no possibility that…是一个固定句型，且名词 possibility 后面是 that 引导的同位语从句，指 名词的具体内容，故选 B。 2. _____ at first thought, practically every sentence you speak and write has never been spoken or written before. A．Amazing as it may seem B．As it may seem amazing C．As amazing it may seem D．It may seem as amazing 【答案】A 【解析】考查 as 引导的让步状语从句和部分倒装。句意：尽管乍一想似乎有点神奇，但事实上你所说和写 的每一个句子以前都没人用过。根据句意和句子结构可知，此处考查 as 引导的让步状语从句,且句子要部分 倒装。引导此类从句的结构为：adj/adv/v/n+as+其它，选项中 Amazing as it may seem 符合该结构。故选 A 项。 3. _____ seemed as if nobody knew anything about the accident. A．What B．That C．It D．As 【答案】C 【解析】考查固定句型。句意：似乎没有人知道这次事故。固定句式：It seemed as if...，似乎好像......。为 表语从句。故选 C 项。 4. Today we have chat rooms, text messaging, emailing… but we seem ______ the art of communicating face-to-face. A．losing B．to be losing C．to be lost D．having lost 【答案】B 【解析】 考查固定结构。seem to do sth 好像要做某事；再根据时间状语 Today，应指我们似乎正在失去面 对面的交流艺术。所以选 B。 考点 2 too . . . to . . .结构 【教材原句】In the farmyards, the chickens and even the pigs were too nervous to eat. 在农家院子里，鸡和猪都 烦躁不安，以致不吃食。 【句法分析】too...to... 句型表示“太……以至于不能……(表否定)”，可转化为 not...enough to...和 so...that...。 提示：(1)当 too 后接 easy, ready, happy, willing, eager 或 anxious 时，to 后的动词表示肯定。例如： The book is too easy to understand.这本书太容易理解了。 He was too anxious to leave.他急于离开。 (2)too...not to... 句式表示肯定意思。例如： He is too careful not to have noticed it.他那么细心，不会不注意到这一点的。 (3)too...to...中 too 前面用了否定词(如 never)时，表示肯定。例如： It is never too late to mend.改过不嫌晚。 (4)only too...to...表示肯定，其中 too 后的形容词多数是表示某种心情的，如 glad, pleased, willing, thankful, delighted, determined 等，也有描绘性的形容词，如 good, kind, true 等。例如： The girl is only too kind to help us.这姑娘非常乐于帮助我们。 【例句研读】 The child is too young to dress himself. The child is not old enough to dress himself. The child is so young that he can't dress himself. 这孩子太小，不能够自己穿衣。 【典例 2】 1.Jim is a kind boy. He is ______willing to help his classmates. A．so B．such C．much D．too 【答案】D 【解析】too＋glad/pleased/willing...to...表示肯定意义。如用 A 项应改为 so...as to 才对。 2. Allen had to call a taxi because the box was ______ to carry all the way home. A much too heavy B too much heavy C heavy too much D too heavy much 【答案】A 【解析】考察 too much 和 much too 用法。Much too 修饰形容词或者副词；too much 修饰不可数名词。结合 句意可知 A 正确。句意：Allen 不得不打的，因为盒子实在太重了不能一路上带回家。 3. —What do you think of the book I lent to you yesterday ? —Oh, not too bad.It’s not too difficult_______. A reading B.to be read C.to read D.being read 【答案】C 【解析】 试题分析：考查不定式用法。当不定式前面有形容词是对主句的性格特征进行说明的时候，使用不定式的 主动语态对名词进行说明。如： The book is easy to understand。句意：—你认为我昨天借给你的那本书怎么 样？—还不错，不是很难读。故 C 正确。 考点：考查不定式用法 考点 3 部分否定和全部否定 【教材原句】All hope was not lost.不是所有的希望都破灭了。 【句法分析】此句为部分否定。all, both, each, every, everybody, everything, complete, completely, always, all the time, whole, wholly, entirely, altogether 等代词、形容词和副词与否定词 not 连用，构成部分否定，表示“不都、 并非都”的意思。 【例句研读】 ①All that glitters is not gold.发光的并不一定都是金子。 ②Both of the brothers don't like the film.兄弟俩不都喜欢这部电影。 ③Not everything went well with him.他并非每件事情都顺利。 ④Not all of the rich are happy.不是所有有钱人都幸福。 ⑤The rich are not always happy.有钱人并非总是幸福。 ⑥You can't fool all the people all the time.你未必总是能愚弄所有的人。 【拓展归纳】 全部否定用：no one, none, neither, nobody, nothing，以及 not...any/either 来表示。 ①None of them are right. 他们都不对。 ②Neither of us will go. 我们俩都不去。 ③Nobody can win me. 没人能赢我。 【典例 3】 1.—The exam wasn't difficult at all, was it? —No, but I don't believe ______could pass it. A．somebody B．anybody C．everybody D．nobody 【答案】C 【解析】not 与 everybody 连用表示部分否定。 2.—Which of the two computer games did you prefer? —Actually I didn't like ______. A．both of them B．either of them C．none of them D．neither of them 【答案】B 【解析】not... either＝neither 表示全部否定。 3. “All the students don’t work hard.” means “_________” A．Not all the students work hard. B．Every student works hard. C．None of the students works hard. D．All of the above. 【答案】A 【解析】表示整体意义的词用于否定句构成部分否定。句意：不是所有的学生都努力。 4. It’s impossible for all the people to get jobs because ______of them is not fit for them. A．every one B．all C．not all D．none 【答案】A 【解析】考查代词：A. every one 每个人 B. all 所有人 C. not all 不是都 D. none 没有人，这几个选项都可以搭 配 of，但词义不同，所以结合句意：每个人都得到工作是不可能的，因为不是每个人都适合它们的。因为 谓语是 is，选 A。 考点：考查代词 5. Not all the students follow the rules. Which of the following statement has the same meaning？ A．None of the students follow the rules. B．All the students don’t follow the rules. C．No students follow the rules D．All of the above 【答案】B 【解析】考查部分否定：句意：不是所有的学生都遵守规则。Not all…=all…not…“都是部分否定”，none 和 no 都是全部否定，选 B。 考点：考查部分否定 考点 4 名词性从句 【典例 4】 1． His success in digital field proved ________ it took to be a best CEO． 【答案】what 【解析】句意：他在数字领域的成功证明了要想成为最好的 CEO 所需要的条件。proved 后接宾语从句。因 为从句中 took 缺宾语，且该宾语意为“……的事物(东西)”，填 what。 2．Built over 2,200 years ago in ________ is now Sichuan Province in Southwest China, this amazing engineering achievement is still used today． 【答案】what 【解析】句意：2,200 多年前在现在的中国西南部的四川省，建造的这个惊人的工程至今仍在使用。what 引 导宾语从句，作介词 in 的宾语，同时在宾语从句中作主语。 3．In Japan, it is recognized that the best communication is ________ you don't speak at all． 【答案】when 【解析】句意：在日本，人们公认最好的交流是当你什么也不说时。根据语境可知，此处填 when 引导表语 从句。 4．I'd like to start my own business—that's ________ I'd do if I had money． 【答案】what 【解析】句意：我想自己创业，那是我有钱后要做的事。此处引导表语从句，且在从句中作 do 的宾语，意 为“……的事情”。故用 what。 5． Today, people still come and go—to see ________ the Canadian gold rush happened． 【答案】where 【解析】句意：如今，人们仍然来往这里看加拿大的淘金热在哪里发生的。分析句子结构可知，宾语从句 中缺少地点状语，故填 where。 考点 5 话题写作——自然灾害 【典例 6】 写作指导 本单元写作文体是介绍自然灾害的说明文。描述自然灾害首先要说明该灾害的基本情况，然后根据需 要选择角度，简明扼要而又重点突出地介绍，力求真实准确，恰如其分。写好自然灾害类文章的关键是实 事求是、简明扼要。 自然灾害类说明文一般包括以下几点：灾害发生的时间、地点等；灾害的危害及其发生规律；补救措 施；经验教训或建议。 自然灾害类说明文的特点： 1. 时态相对统一：多用一般现在时和一般过去时，有时为了表达的需要会在个别地方采用其他时态。 2. 一般采用客观表述，避免主观色彩。 3. 叙述格式比较固定。通常为：事件→描述灾害→提出建议等。 常用句型： 1.灾害的发生：There was/is...in...；A terrible...hit/struck... 2.灾害的影响：The disaster caused...deaths/ injuries. The disaster caused great damage to... 3.经验及建议：When you...you should...；If..., you had better... 要点词句： 1.带来巨大灾难 cause great damage 2.造成 result in 3.逼近 advance towards 4.全球变暖 global warming 5.洪水会给人类带来巨大的灾难。 Flood can cause great damage to property and people’s lives. 6. 洪水到来时，河水上涨。 When floods come，the river is rising higher and higher. 7.洪水以迅雷不及掩耳之势吞没房屋，桥梁。 Before you realize something, the water is swallowing the houses and streets. 写作范文 Flood Flood is one of the worst natural disasters. It can cause great damage to property and people’s lives. What are the causes of floods？The heavy rain for weeks can cause floods, and typhoon, hurricane and tsunami can also bring floods. Scientists are worried that the global warming can make the polar icecaps melt and will result in the whole world’s flooding. Before floods come, you can see the river is rising higher and higher. As they are coming, you will first hear a loud noise，which grows to a terrible roar. You will see a wall of water quickly advancing towards you. Before you realize something, the water is swallowing the houses and streets. Usually after the flood, it seems that nearly everything is destroyed. Bricks and leaves cover the ground and the houses and bridges fall, too. Thousands of people are made homeless. Many of them are injured and some even die during the flood. 【典例】 （2020·山西高三月考）洪水、火山爆发、地震和海啸等自然灾害经常会不期而至。面对自然灾害我们应该 怎么做呢？请你根据以下要点提示以 How to deal with natural disasters 为题写一篇英语短文。 1. 自然灾害造成的损失惨重； 2. 我们应该掌握有关自然灾害的知识并做好充分准备；当自然灾害来临时，要坚定信念，并团结一致，保 持镇静，努力自救和帮助他人。 注意：1. 词数 100 左右； 2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】How to deal with natural disasters Natural disasters, such as floods, volcanic eruptions, earthquakes and tsunamis, can happen at any time. They often cause a sad loss of life and damage. How should we deal with them? First of all, we should master rich knowledge about natural disasters and make adequate preparations for them. Secondly, when natural disasters really happen, we should have a firm belief and unite to fight against them. As the old saying goes, “Many hands make light work.” Moreover, we should keep calm and try to save ourselves and help others. Only in this way can we defeat natural disasters in the end. 【解析】 本文是一篇说明文。要求以 How to deal with natural disasters 为题，围绕着灾害带来的损失以及我们应该做 何种准备写一篇英语短文。 第一步：根据提示可知，要求以 How to deal with natural disasters 为题，围绕着灾害带来的损失以及我们应 该做何种准备写一篇英语短文。 第二步：根据写作要求，确定关键词（组），如：floods, volcanic eruptions, earthquakes , tsunamis, loss of, make adequate preparations 等。 第三步：确定文章结构，本文可以采取两段的写法，第一段陈述都有哪些自然灾害，提出在面对自然灾害 时应该如何处理；第二段从三个方面来阐述面对自然灾害时所采取的行动。 第四步：根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。此处文章主要用一般现在时。 第五步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，保持整洁美 观的卷面是非常重要的。 【点睛】 范文内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当，布局工整。作者在范文中使用了较多高级表达方式。 Such as 插入语：Natural disasters, such as floods, volcanic eruptions, earthquakes and tsunamis, can happen at any time. When 引导的时间状语从句：when natural disasters really happen, we should have a firm belief and unite to fight against them. Only 用于句子开头谓语动词倒装：Only in this way can we defeat natural disasters in the end.