2020届高考英语二轮培优新专题限时检测（十八）　阅读理解B篇保分练（一） 6页

专题限时检测(十八)　阅读理解B篇保分练(一)‎ ‎(共4篇，限时28分钟)‎ A Visa last year offered up to 50 small businesses a $10,000 reward to go cashless. Though it is still too early to know what will happen to the businesses that won the competition (Visa has not announced the winners yet), the key arguments in favor of cashabandonment are that it would lead to more efficient service and carry a lower risk of theft. A recent New York Times article covered restaurants in Manhattan that take plastic only, and supporters are looking forward to an entirely cashless society.‎ Doing away with cash may indeed sound appealing. Supporters often note that China and India have already gone further in this direction than the United States. But a few drawbacks are obvious: Card companies such as Visa charge merchants high processing fees, the risk of fraud (诈骗) balances out the lower risk of theft, older consumers may not wish to make the change, and consumers will lose yet more privacy (large companies will have the ability to track every purchase made). Perhaps the less obvious one is that a cashless system will exclude the poor and the nearpoor, for many poor people don't have credit cards or bank accounts.‎ Conditions in the U. S.‎ are nowhere near suitable for entering a cashless society; too many people would be left behind. Your young friend may be happy to accept money via PayPal or another app, your cafe may use an iPad instead of a cash register, but landlords in lowincome areas still prefer money orders. It's convenient for consumers to charge, say, an outing to the nail salon — but when you add the tip to your credit card bill, it may never make it to the worker.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。在当今社会，人们越来越少地使用现金，无现金消费在方便生活的同时，也存在着诸多问题。‎ ‎1. Why did Visa hold the competition?‎ A．To support small businesses.‎ ‎ B．To attract more users.‎ ‎ C．To promote cashabandonment.‎ D．To reward successful businesses.‎ 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第一段第一句“Visa last year ... reward to go cashless.”可知，Visa公司举办这一比赛是为了促进大家不使用现金。故选C。‎ ‎2．Which is the disadvantage of a cashless society according to the author?‎ ‎ A．The risk of fraud is lower than that of theft.‎ ‎ B．Consumers' privacy has more potential risks.‎ ‎ C．More plastic is used and causes resource waste.‎ ‎ D．The poor and the nearpoor are unwilling to use cash.‎ ‎ 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“consumers will lose yet more privacy (large ‎ companies will have the ability to track every purchase made)”可知，在无现金社会，消费者隐私面临着更多潜在的风险。故选B。‎ ‎3．Who would probably prefer to be paid in cash?‎ ‎ A．A landlord in a developed area.‎ ‎ B．A cafe owner.‎ ‎ C．A young person.‎ ‎ D．A worker in a nail salon.‎ ‎ 解析：选D　推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句可知，虽然对消费者来说，用信用卡支付外出去美甲沙龙的费用很方便，但是当把小费加到信用卡账单里时，美甲工作者可能永远也收不到小费。由此可推知，美甲工作者可能希望收到现金。故选D项。‎ B Giselle Burgess knew moving into a homeless shelter with her five kids would be tough for her family. For security reasons, kids can't hang out in each other's rooms or in the hallway, so Burgess wanted more of a community feel.‎ As Queens community development specialist for the Girl Scouts (女童子军) of Greater New York, Burgess already knew the benefits of joining a troop. She figured out a_perfect_solution. So Burgess called Heidi Schmidt, director of government relations for the New York City Department of Homeless Services. Together, they formed a troop for the homeless shelter.‎ Girl Scout troops from the other five New York boroughs (行政区) are numbered in the 1,000s, 2,000s, 3,000s, 4,000s, and 5,000s. The new troop picked 6,000 to represent the homeless girls. Other Girl Scout troops have formed in other states before, but this was the first one in New York. ‎ Just eight girls, including Burgess' three daughters, attended the first meeting, but they quickly spread the word. Now, Troop 6000 has 25 consistent members. The girls had seen each other around in the building before, but the meetings turned them into friends.‎ Troop members range in age from five years old to early teens, but the age gap doesn't get in the way of their sisterly bond. The older members are protective of the younger, helping them with activities. Not only are they spreading love, but they're learning responsibility.‎ The troop is already inspiring feminist leadership in the girls. Even beyond their weekly activities learning about a theme like women's suffrage (选举权), financial literacy, or first aid, the girls are stepping up as leaders. Every meeting, they shoulder responsibilities such as handing out snacks, taking attendance, and cleaning up. “It builds in this level of respect because they all know they have to come around and take the role on，”says Schmidt.‎ And that responsibility lasts beyond the Girl Scout meetings. The troop is trying to get the rest of the community involved. Burgess and Schmidt hope to encourage women to take on leadership roles with the troop and to bridge the gap between the shelter and the rest of the neighborhood. “It's good for families to know they're embraced and welcomed by the community. The girls can go ‎ on to do great things and not be restricted by their current situation，” says Schmidt.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了Giselle Burgess 与 Heidi Schmidt 通过努力为纽约无家可归的女孩成立了纽约第一个女童子军的相关内容。‎ ‎4．What does the underlined phrase “a perfect solution” refer to?‎ ‎ A．Starting a Girl Scout troop in the homeless shelter.‎ ‎ B．Calling on people to donate to help homeless girls.‎ ‎ C．Raising homeless girls' awareness of selfprotection.‎ ‎ D．Asking for relevant policies to protect homeless girls.‎ ‎ 解析：选A　词义猜测题。根据第二段中的“So Burgess called Heidi Schmidt ... they formed a troop for the homeless shelter.”可知，Burgess想出的最佳解决方案是为收容所那些无家可归的女孩成立女童子军。故选A。‎ ‎5．What can we know about the girls joining Troop 6000?‎ ‎ A．They organize activities every other week.‎ ‎ B．They support each other and spread positivity.‎ ‎ C．They are required to have certain leadership qualities.‎ ‎ D．They are encouraged to realize their full potential.‎ ‎ 解析：选B　推理判断题。根据第四段中的“The girls had seen each other ... the meetings turned them into friends.”和第五段中的“their sisterly bond” “The older members are protective of the younger, helping them with activities. Not only are they spreading love, but they're learning responsibility.”可知，这些女孩互相帮助，不仅传播爱，而且学会了承担责任。由此可知，加入Troop 6000的那些女孩互相帮助，并传播着积极、正能量的东西。故选B。‎ ‎6. What is the most suitable title for the passage?‎ ‎ A．Why Girl Scout troops are badly needed in NYC ‎ B．How Girl Scout troops are originated and developed ‎ C．NYC's Girl Scout troops expand to all five boroughs ‎ D．NYC launches its first Girl Scout troop for homeless girls ‎ 解析：选D　标题归纳题。纵观全文可知，文章主要介绍了纽约第一个女童子军的相关内容，它是为帮助那些无家可归的女孩成立的，故D项作本文标题最佳。‎ C ‎(2019·徐州、淮安、连云港模拟)Are you having so much of work to finish and are unable to keep your home clean and healthy? Don't worry. Robotic vacuum cleaners are here to help you in cleaning.‎ The robotic vacuum cleaners are outfitted with sensors, a motherboard, WiFi, and lasers to navigate across the home by themselves. They are made so small that they undoubtedly creep under ‎ the furniture, cupboards, beds, carpets and so on to detect and clean the dust. Whereas the robotic vacuum cleaners don't require any help from you, you just need to set it and then carry on your work such as cooking, painting, office work, etc. as it can efficiently clean without any supervision. If their batteries die down, they will automatically go to the charge station and get charged.‎ The robotic vacuum cleaners make very little noise when compared to that of the standard vacuum cleaners. To collect all the dirt and grime that has been cleaned, these robotic vacuum cleaners come with a builtin waste bin. You can with no difficulty clean this buildin dustbin and can reuse them again and again.‎ The problematic thing with the standard vacuum cleaners is that the vacuum bags are costly and has to be replaced once in 60 days. That is why it is best to invest your money in purchasing the robotic vacuum cleaner. Its purchase price may be a little high, but once you buy it, the maintenance cost will be decreased with so many other benefits.‎ There are different types of robotic vacuum cleaners on the market right now in different sizes. Make a wise decision and buy the best robotic vacuum cleaner that can fulfill all your requirements so that you can be happy and hygienic(卫生的)．‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一款机器人真空吸尘器，从性能到使用方法都作了介绍，并通过它和标准真空吸尘器的比较，推荐读者购买这种吸尘器。‎ ‎7. The underlined word “navigate” in Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to ________.‎ ‎ A．plot the path　　　　　 B．reduce noise ‎ C．collect information D．charge the battery ‎ 解析：选A　词义猜测题。根据第一段可知robotic vacuum cleaners是帮助人们打扫的机器，根据第二段中的“The robotic vacuum cleaners are outfitted with sensors ... lasers”可知，它配备有传感器等装备，由此可推断它可以自主在家中移动。故plot the path与画线词的意思相近。‎ ‎8. The robotic vacuum cleaners beat the standard ones in the following aspects EXCEPT that ________.‎ ‎ A．they are cheaper and smaller in size ‎ B．they cost less for maintenance ‎ C．they make less noise when working ‎ D．they are more intelligent and efficient ‎ 解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Its purchase price may be a little high ... be decreased”可知，这里Its指代的是机器人真空吸尘器，机器人真空吸尘器更贵一些，这是与其他吸尘器相比的一个缺点。‎ ‎9. Which of the following best summarizes Paragraphs 2 and 3?‎ ‎ A．The original design of robotic vacuum cleaners.‎ B．The technical theory of robotic vacuum cleaners.‎ ‎ C．The features of robotic vacuum cleaners.‎ ‎ D．The functions of robotic vacuum cleaners.‎ ‎ 解析：选C　段落大意题。根据文章第二段内容可知，机器人真空吸尘器可以自主操控，小而精，工作效率高；第三段描写机器人真空吸尘器噪声小且易清洁的特点。所以这两段主要写的是机器人真空吸尘器的特点。‎ D ‎(2019·南通模拟)When a driver slams on the brakes to avoid hitting a pedestrian crossing the road illegally, she is making a moral decision that shifts risk from the pedestrian to the people in the car. Selfdriving cars might soon have to make such ethical (道德上的) judgments on their own — but settling on a universal moral code for the vehicles could be a tough task, suggests a survey.‎ The largest ever survey of machine ethics, called the Moral Machine, laid out 13 possible situations in which someone's death was unavoidable. Respondents were asked to choose who to spare in situations that involved a mix of variables: young or old, rich or poor, more people or fewer. Within 18 months, the online quiz had recorded 40 million decisions made by people from 233 countries and territories.‎ When the researchers analysed these answers, they found that the nations could be divided into three groups. One contains North America and several European nations; another includes countries such as Japan and Indonesia. A third group consists of countries in Central and South America, such as Colombia and Brazil. The first group showed a stronger preference for sacrificing older lives to save younger ones than did the second group, for example.‎ The researchers also identified relationships between social and economic factors in a country. They found that people from relatively wealthy countries with strong institutions, such as Finland and Japan, more often chose to hit people who stepped into traffic illegally than did respondents in nations with weaker institutions, such as Nigeria.‎ People rarely face such moral dilemmas, and some critics question whether the possible situations posted in the online quiz are relevant to the ethical and practical questions surrounding driverless cars. But the researchers argue that the findings reveal cultural differences that governments and makers of selfdriving cars must take into account if they want the vehicles to gain public acceptance.‎ At least Barbara Wege, who heads a group working on autonomousvehicle ethics at Audi in Ingolstadt‎, ‎Germany, says such studies are valuable. Wege argues that selfdriving cars would cause fewer accidents, proportionally, than human drivers do each year — but that people might focus more on events involving robots.‎ Surveys such as the Moral Machine can help to begin public discussions about these unavoidable accidents that might develop trust. “We need to come up with a social consensus，” she says, “about which risks we are willing to take.”‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章对自动驾驶汽车在面临事故时的道德选择做了介绍。‎ ‎10．Why is it difficult to set universal moral rules for programming selfdriving cars?‎ ‎ A．Social values always change with the times.‎ ‎ B．Moral choices vary between different cultures.‎ ‎ C．Drivers have a preference for sacrificing the weak.‎ ‎ D．Car makers are faced with decisions of life or death.‎ ‎ 解析：选B　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“When the researchers analysed these answers, they found that the nations could be divided into three groups.”以及第四段中的“They found that people from relatively wealthy countries ... respondents in nations with weaker institutions, such as Nigeria.”可知，不同国家的人受文化、社会、经济等因素的影响，在道德判断方面的标准不一，因此为自动驾驶汽车编程设定普遍的道德准则不容易。故选B。‎ ‎11. According to the study, in which country are drivers more likely to hit a pedestrian crossing the road illegally?‎ ‎ A．Nigeria. B．Colombia.‎ ‎ C．Finland. D．Indonesia.‎ ‎ 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第四段中的“They found that people ... such as Finland and Japan, more often chose to hit people who stepped into traffic illegally than did respondents in nations with weaker institutions, such as Nigeria.”可知，Finland和Japan更经常选择撞击违背交通规则的人。故选C。‎ ‎12. Barbara Wege would probably agree that ________.‎ ‎ A．selfdriving cars will greatly improve the traffic environment ‎ B．accidents caused by selfdriving cars might receive more attention ‎ C．problems involving selfdriving cars might shake the public trust in society ‎ D．car makers needn't take the risk of solving selfdriving car ethical dilemmas ‎ 解析：选B　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“Wege argues that selfdriving cars ... but that people might focus more on events involving robots.”可知，Barbara Wege认为人们会更关注与机器人有关的事故。故选B。‎