陕西宜川县 2017 高考英语一轮阅读理解优编题（三） 9页

只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 1 陕西宜川县 2017 高考英语一轮阅读理解优编题（三） （2016 高考训练）阅读下列材料，从每题所给的选项中选出最佳选项。 体裁：说明文 话题：全球变暖 词数：350 时间：6′ The UN Environment Programme says that rising temperatures could mean the end for some migrating animals. Migrating or mobile animals move through several environments as they travel away from the cold of winter to warmer areas.Birds may fly from one part of the world to another, perhaps stopping at feeding grounds on the way.Whales and turtles (海龟) cover vast areas of ocean.The report says that changes in any one of the places which these animals use can cause serious harm.“Obviously these animals have developed their travelling patterns over thousands of years.But climate change is almost certain to be extreme over the next 25 to 50 years and it is extremely unlikely that these animals can change their habits fast enough，” said the report author Dr Robert Hepworth.Hardest hit by rising temperatures are turtles.Scientists have found that at higher temperatures, turtles produce far more female eggs than male ones.In parts of Malaysia, turtle birthing sites are producing only females, the report says.It also provides evidence that some turtles are more likely to develop cancer as the waters get warmer. With birds, the main problem is climate－related damage to important areas at either end of the travels or at resting places along the way.About one－fifth of migrating birds are now in danger because of climate－related changes including rising sea levels, land loss and more violent storms, the report concludes. Other animals picked out as particularly in danger include：the North Atlantic Right Whale, whose main food (tiny shrimp) is disturbed by the change in ocean flows and the White－Nose Dolphin, which is out－competed by other kinds of dolphins in warmer waters.The report is not all bad news.Even with major climatic changes, protecting the environment can still help mobile animals to recover.“We need governments to start taking action at the national and international level.The clock is running.”， said Dr Hepworth.And some animals are already adapting, with the report mentioning whales that are changing their feeding behaviour, finding new feeding grounds and new foods to eat. 【语篇解读】 本文主要讲述了全球变暖对迁徙动物的影响。 1．What is the main topic of the text? A．The effect of climate change on migrating animals. 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 2 B.How animals are adapting to changes in temperature. C．The actions required to save migrating animals. D．The need for government policies to prevent global warming. 答案 A [主旨大意题。根据文章大意，本文主要讲述了温度上升对迁徙动物的影响，故选 A。] 2．By saying “the clock is running” in the last paragraph, Dr Hepworth means that “________”． A．it may be too late to save some animals B．it is time to start protecting the animals C．there is not much time to solve the problem D．it takes time to complete the actions 答案 C [短语猜测题。根据前文说的“we need governments to start taking actions at the national and international level”可知作者认为政府应该采取行动解决这个问题，所以接下来这句话应该是进一步 强调时间的紧迫性的，故选 C。这里面要解决的根本问题是环境问题，不是保护动物的问题，故 B 项错误。] 3．According to the report, how will global warming affect turtles in the future? A．They will only produce female babies. B．Their food supply will gradually disappear. C．Some will suffer from higher rates of cancer. D．They will be in greater danger because of more violent storms. 答案 C [细节理解题。根据文中第二段最后一句话“It also provides evidence that some turtles are more likely to develop cancer as the waters get warmer.”可知水温升高导致海龟得癌症的可能性升高， 故选 C。文中只是说 female egg 会多于 male egg，不是说只产 female egg，故 A 项错误。] 4．Which of the following is mentioned as a consequence of rising temperatures? A．More storms will affect the ability of whales to find their feeding grounds. B．20 percent of all birds are likely to die out because of land loss. C．Migrating animals are likely to start adapting to the changes more quickly. D．Warmer oceans will increase the competition between different kinds of dolphins. 答案 D [细节理解题。根据文中倒数第一段第一句话“the White－Nose dolphin which is out－competed by other kinds of dolphins in warmer waters”可知，水温升高使海豚之间的竞争更加激烈，故选 D。] 5．What can be inferred about turtles from the text? A．They are the only animals besides humans that suffer from cancer. B．They have traditionally lived longer than other ocean－based animals. C．Those born nearer a hotter area are more likely to be female. 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 3 D．Most kinds of turtles are likely to die out within 50 years. 答案 C [推理判断题。根据文章第二段第二句可知，高温使得海龟的雌性后代增加，由此可以判断在高温 环境下出生的后代更可能是雌性的，故选 C。] 社会生活型阅读理解 For all the dinner table, a glass of milk seems to be a constant, at least it was when I was growing up.It was widely believed that milk was integral in building strong bones and teeth.There’s no doubt that dairy products(乳制品), and milk in particular, are high in protein and calcium, and most milk products are supplemented with Vitamin D and A. While it’s well known that our bones need calcium, some studies suggest that high calcium intake doesn’t necessarily lower a person’s risk for fractures(骨折)．A Harvard study found that people who drank two or more glasses of milk had no greater protection from breaking a bone than those who drank a glass or less a week. There’s no doubt that we need calcium. Some antidairy supporters claim that dairy can lead to heart disease.Much of this claim is based on high fat and high dairy products, like cheeses and creams, which may indeed contribute to cardiovascular problems.Some studies have linked high milk intakes with a risk of prostate cancer; this seems to be caused by highfat dairy products, not dairy in general. Although milk was always regarded as one of the most important things we need for our bones, yet least promoted, factors involved in strengthening bones.Perhaps we should think of dairy as less like a nutrient and more like a food.If you like it, eat it.If not, find some_others.Because some claims may not be completely true. When I eat a cream, I’m not thinking about calcium, protein, or any such thing.I’m thinking delicious. ( )1.Which of the following is TRUE on the milk? A．The more milk you drink, the more risk for fractures you might be. B．The more milk you drink, the less risk for fractures you might be. C．The less milk you drink, the less risk for fractures you might be. D．There is no link between them. 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 4 ( )2.Some antidairy supporters claim that dairy can lead to except________. A．cardiovascular problems B．heart disease C．prostate cancer D．stomach cancer ( )3.The underlined words “some others” in the last paragraph refer to________. A．dairy products B．milk C．food D．cream ( )4.What’s the author’s attitude towards milk? A．He doesn’t like milk any more. B．He used to drink milk as a child. C．He regards milk as a nutrient. D．He always cares about calcium, protein when he eats something. ( )5.We can learn from the text that________. A．all the claims are not completely true B．high milk intakes can lead to cancer C．it’s necessary for you to reduce milk intakes D．give up milk for your health 【解析】1．D 细节理解题。根据第二段的“A Harvard study found that people who drank two or more glasses of milk had no greater protection from breaking a bone than those who drank a glass or less a week.”可以推断出牛奶的饮用量和骨折之间没有必然的联系。 2．D 细节理解题。根据第三段的有关信息可以得知文中没有涉及胃病的问题。 3．C 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Perhaps we should think of dairy as less like a nutrient and more like a food. If you like it, eat it. If not，find some others.”可知作者的观点是如果喜欢 就用，不喜欢就换其他的食品(物)。 4．B 推理判断题。根据第一段的“...at least it was when I was growing up”可以推断出作者在小 时候是常常喝牛奶的。 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 5 5．A 推理判断题。由“Because some claims may not be completely true”可以得知并不是所有 的声明都是完全正确的。由此可知选 A。 科普知识型阅读理解 专题导读 科普类文章是高考阅读理解中的难点题材，其取材密切联系当前经济和科技等方面的变化，以介绍某一科 学现象居多。科普类文章具有结构严谨、逻辑性强等特点。其主要命题形式有事实细节题、词义猜测题、 推理判断题以及主旨概括题等，其中推理判断题居多。 这类文章的总体特点是：科技词汇多，句子结构复 杂，理论性强，逻辑严谨。具体说来它有以下特点： 1．文章中词汇的意义比较单一、稳定、简明，不带感情色彩，具有单一性和准确性的特点。这类文章通常 不会出现文学英语中常用的排比、比喻、夸张等修辞手法，一词多义的现象也不多见。 2．句子结构较复杂，语法分析较困难。为了描述一个客观事物，严密地表达自己的思想，作者经常会 使用集多种语法现象于一体的长句。 3．常使用被动语态，尤其是一些惯用被动句式。 真题典例 【2011·湖南卷】A recent study of ancient and modern elephants has come up with the unexpected conclusion that the African elephant is divided into two distinct(不同的) species. The discovery was made by researchers at York and Harvard Universities when they were examining the genetic relationship between the ancient woolly mammoth and mastodon to modern elephants —the Asian elephant，African forest elephant，and African savanna elephant. Once they obtained DNA sequences(序列) from two fossils(化石)，mammoths and mastodons，the team compared them with DNA from modern elephants.They found to their amazement that modern forest and savanna elephants are as distinct from each other as Asian elephants and mammoths. The scientists used detailed genetic analysis to prove that the African savanna elephant and the African forest elephant have been distinct species for several million years.The divergence of the two species took place around the time of the divergence of Asian elephants and woolly mammoths.This result amazed all the scientists. There has long been debate in the scientific community that the two might be separate species， but this is the most convincing scientific evidence so far that they are indeed different species. Previously，many naturalists believed that African savanna elephants and African forest elephants 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 6 were two populations of the same species，despite the elephants’ significant size differences.The savanna elephant has an average shoulder height of 3.5 metres while the forest elephant has an average shoulder height of 2.5 metres.The savanna elephant weighs between six and seven tons， roughly double the weight of the forest elephant.But the fact that they look so different does not necessarily mean they are different species.However the proof lay in the analysis of the DNA. Alfred Roca，assistant professor in the Department of Animal Sciences at the University of Illinois， said，“We now have to treat the forest and savanna elephants as two different units for conservation purposes.Since 1950，all African elephants have been conserved as one species.Now that we know the forest and savanna elephants are two very distinctive animals，the forest elephant should become a bigger priority(优先)for conservation purposes.” ( )1.One of the fossils studied by the researchers is that of ________. A．the Asian elephant B．the forest elephant C．the savanna elephant D．the mastodon elephant ( )2.The underlined word “divergence” in paragraph 4 means “________.” A．evolution B．exhibition C．separation D．examination ( )3.The researchers’ conclusion was based on a study of the African elephant’s ________. A．DNA B．height C．weight D．population ( )4.What are Alfred Roca’s words mainly about? A．The conservation of African elephants. B．The purpose of studying African elephants. C．The way to divide African elephants into two units. D．The reason for the distinction of African elephants. ( )5.Which of the following can be the best title for the passage? A．Naturalists’ Beliefs about Elephants B．Amazing Experiments about Elephants C．An Unexpected Finding about Elephants 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 7 D．A Long Scientific Debate about Elephants 【解析】本文为科普说明文。主要介绍关于大象的最新研究成果：非洲大象被分成两种完全不同的品种— —非洲草原大象和非洲森林大象。 1．D 细节理解题。根据第三段 “Once they obtained DNA sequences(序列)from two fossils(化 石)，mammoths and mastodons, the team compared them with DNA from modern elephants.”可判断选 D。 2．C 词义猜测题。根据第四段“The scientists used detailed genetic analysis to prove that the African savanna elephant and the African forest elephant have been distinct species for several million years.”可知，科学家已证实，非洲的草原大象与非洲的森林大象几百万年来都不属于同一品种， 即可推断下句为“两种大象的分离应发生在……”。由此可推断划线词应意为“分离”，故选 C。 3．A 细节理解题。根据第三段“Once they obtained DNA sequences(序列)from two fossils(化石)， mammoths and mastodons, the team compared them with DNA from modern elephants.They found to their amazement that modern forest and savanna elephants are as distinct from each other as Asian elephants and mammoths.”可判断研究者的结论是建立在对非洲大象的 DNA 研究结果的基础上的，故选 A。 4．A 逻辑推理题。根据最后一段中的“Now that we know the forest and savanna elephants are two very distinctive animals, the forest elephant should become a bigger priority (优先)for conservation purposes.”可推断他的讲话是围绕对非洲大象的保护的，故选 A。 5．C 主旨大意题。根据主题段第一段可知，本文主要介绍关于非洲大象的最新研究成果：非洲草原 大象和非洲森林大象实为两种完全不同的品种。由此判断选 C。 【2014 高考英语综合能力测试题】 NASA’s Mars Science 'Laboratory – Curiosity Rover — was sent to Mars some 16 months ago. Its main objective is to find evidence that a past environment could have been well suited to supporting microbial (微生物的) life. Today, a team of mission researchers, writing in a series of papers published in the journal Science, said that they found evidence of what was once an ancient freshwater lake on Mars, which might have been capable of supporting life. The researchers studied a set of sedimentary rocks (沉积岩) that were found in an area on the floor of Gale Crater (盖尔陨石坑) called Yellowknife Bay. These sedimentary rocks, probably formed from ancient Martian mud, have suggested to researchers that there was at least one lake that 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 8 welled up with drinkable water inside Gale Crater some 3.6 million years ago, and that the lake could have lasted for tens or even hundreds of thousands of years. “Shortly after landing, we found evidence that liquid water had flowed across the surface long before in Gale Crater,” said Jim Bell, from Arizona State University. “These new results show that in addition to surface water, there was likely an active groundwater system in Gale Crater that significantly weathered ancient rocks and minerals.” According to the team, a lake with these conditions could provide an ideal environment for simple microbial life. The researchers think that a lake like this could have provided perfect conditions for simple microbial life, which is rock-eating microbes that live on and obtain their energy from minerals. The researchers pointed out that they would continue to use the Mars Science Laboratory to continue exploring Gale Crater for even more evidence of ancient lakes or other environments. 41. Curiosity Rover was sent to Mars because scientists wanted to find _______. A. rocks B. lakes C. fresh water D. signs of ancient life 42. Which of the following statements is NOT true according to Paragraph 3? A. There was at least one lake inside Gale Crater. B. The sedimentary rocks were found in Gale Crater. C. The sedimentary rocks were probably made up of mud. D. The lake inside Gale Crater could have lasted for ten years. 43. According to Jim Bell, on Mars there was probably ______. A. evidence of life B. evidence of sea C. a groundwater system D. evidence of mountains 44. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that ________. A. the evidence of ancient lakes was not enough B. the Mars Science Laboratory has found water C. the evidence of supporting life was not doubted D. the Mars Science Laboratory has only one scientist 45. Which part of a website is the text probably taken from? 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 9 A. Culture. B. Science. C. Travel. D. Entertainment. 【参考答案】41-45 DDCAB 美国宇航局的科学家称，他们在“好奇号”传回的火星照片上发现，在一个名叫黄刀湾的盖尔陨石坑 有许多已经聚合成砾岩的碎石。“好奇号”在该区域检测到了越来越多的水分子信号。 41. D。细节理解题。根据第一段的 Its main objective is to find evidence...可知答案。 42. D。细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句 the lake could have lasted…可知答案。 43. C。细节理解题。根据倒数第三段的 there was likely an active groundwater system...可知答案。 44. A。推理判断题。从最后一段 continue exploring ... for even more evidence...可知答案。 45. B。推理判断题。本文是一篇有关科技的报道。故要到网站的科学版块才能看到。