2020届高考英语外研版大一轮复习课后达标检测：必修3Module4 7页

‎(建议用时：30分钟)‎ 阅读理解 A ‎ (2019·广东六校联盟联考) NEW YORK—A massive winter storm paralyzed much of the U．S. East Coast on Thursday and Friday, dumping as much as 46 centimeters of snow from the Carolinas to Maine. It also caused flooding on the streets of Boston due to swelling storm tides, forced the cancellation of nearly 5，000 flights and closed businesses, offices and schools.‎ Some meteorologists(气象学家) classified the storm as a “bomb cyclone” for its sharp drop in atmospheric pressure would be followed immediately by a blast of cold air that could break records in more than two dozen cities and bring wind chills as low as－40℃ during the weekend.‎ From Baltimore, Maryland, to Caribou in Maine, efforts were underway to clear roadways of ice and snow as wind chill temperatures were to plunge during the day, reaching－40℃ in some parts after sundown, according to the National Weather Service.‎ Utility companies across the East worked to repair downed power lines early on Friday as about 21，000 customers remained without electricity, down from almost 80，000 the day before, and issued warnings that temperatures may become dangerously low.‎ ‎“If the temperature in your home begins to fall, we recommend taking shelter elsewhere until service can be restored. You can find warming centers by contacting local authorities，” National Grid power company, which serves Massachusetts, said on Twitter.‎ Airlines canceled 4，000 flights on Thursday and hundreds more on Friday, according to FlightAware.com, an online tracking service.‎ Mayor Bill de Blasio said it could feel like－30℃ on Friday and Saturday nights with the wind chill. “This is a serious, serious storm, and may be the most severe in 2018，” he said at a news conference.‎ New York Governor Andrew Cuomo declared a state of emergency for the southern part of the state, while New Jersey Governor Chris Christie declared a state of emergency for several counties.‎ ‎【解题导语】　本文是一篇新闻报道。大规模的暴风雪于周四和周五袭击了美国东海岸，给当地的生产和生活造成了严重影响。‎ ‎1．Which of the following is NOT the consequence of the massive winter storm?‎ A．Breakdown of the U．S. coast.‎ B．Flooding in Boston.‎ C．Cancellation of nearly 5，000 flights.‎ D．Closure in business, offices, and schools.‎ A　解析：细节理解题。根据第一段第二句可知，受暴风雪的影响，波士顿暴发了洪水，‎ 近5 000架航班被迫取消，企业、办公楼和学校也被迫关闭。只有A项没有提到，故选A。‎ ‎2．Why did some meteorologists classify this winter storm as “bomb cyclone”？‎ A．Because it will cause changeable atmospheric pressure.‎ B．Because the scale of this storm could break records in lots of cities.‎ C．Because of the deadly and destructive effects of this storm.‎ D．Because of the extremely cold air and the wind chills in this storm.‎ D　解析：细节理解题。根据第二段可知，一些气象专家将此类风暴归为“炸弹气旋”的原因是气压的急剧下降，而随后还会有一股冷空气到来，打破了20多座城市的记录，导致周末时气温低至－40℃。故选D。‎ ‎3．Which of the following best explains the underlined word “plunge” in Para.3?‎ A．decline steadily B．drop dramatically C．fluctuate violently D．fall moderately B　解析：词义猜测题。根据第三段可知，一些地区的风寒温度在日落后会降到－40℃。据此可知，画线词的含义为“突然下降”，故选B。‎ ‎4．About the rescue work, which of the following statements is INCORRECT?‎ A．People were making great efforts to rid roadways of ice and snow.‎ B．About 101 thousand people were left without electricity on Thursday.‎ C．Residents can stay in warming centers until heating service is restored.‎ D．Aviation service hasn’t been brought back to normal yet until Friday.‎ B　解析：细节理解题。根据第三段可知，人们正在加紧清理路面上的冰雪，故排除A项；根据第五段前两句可知，在供暖服务恢复之前，居民可以住在供暖中心，故排除C项；根据第六段可知，航班服务仍然没有恢复正常，故排除D项。根据第四段内容可知，周五早些时候，电力公司都在努力修复被击落的电线，当时大约有21 000家没有电，比前一天的差不多80 000减少了，故可知周四没有电的不是101 000家。故选B。‎ B ‎(2019·辽宁五校协作体联考)In the dead of winter，we don’t typically think about spending time outdoors，but according to many physicians we should.The sun is our greatest source of a vitamin that is essential for good health—Vitamin D.‎ This important vitamin strengthens bones and teeth and is linked to the prevention of heart disease，cancer and many other lifethreatening diseases.The recommended daily requirement is 400－600 International Units (IU). In summer, people with dark brown eyes and darker skin turn sunlight from just 15 minutes outside without sunscreen into adequate amounts of Vitamin D.‎ Even during winter, just a 10minute walk at midday can keep the body’s Vitamin D at healthy levels.During brief winter walks，we receive the greatest benefits when we wear no sunscreen and expose as much skin to the sun as possible.‎ Vitamin D can be also obtained from foods.Salmon is one of the best sources of the Vitamin.Egg yolks (蛋黄)，cheese，mushrooms and some animal organs contain smaller quantities of it.‎ To attract consumers，food companies add Vitamin D to some of their milk products.The practice of putting the Vitamin into milk began in the 1930s.At that time，many children were suffering from rickets，an illness that is caused by a deficiency(缺乏)of Vitamin D．It made the children’s bones soft and weak.Adding Vitamin D to milk helped to solve the problem, and it has been available ever since.‎ For people who still need more Vitamin D, there is another option. Take Vitamin D supplements(补充物)．These products are widely sold in stores.However，anyone considering taking supplements should consult a physician first.‎ ‎【解题导语】　本文是一篇科普文。文章主要介绍了维生素D的一些情况。‎ ‎5．During the winter months，people ．‎ A．aren’t able to meet their deadlines B．often don’t dress warmly enough C．generally like to remain indoors D．leave lots of work for others to do C　解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的第一句可知，在冬天人们愿意待在室内。‎ ‎6．According to the text，Vitamin D ．‎ A．can be obtained by being exposed to the sun B．can be used to cure lifethreatening diseases C．can be mainly found in some milk products D．can make the children’s bones soft and weak A　解析：推理判断题。根据第一段第二句以及第三段第一句可知，维生素D可以通过晒太阳获得，故选A。‎ ‎7．Why is salmon mentioned in this article?‎ A．It’s seldom prepared in the correct way.‎ B．It’s a useful addition to a person’s diet.‎ C．It has a huge impact on the environment.‎ D．Its advantages have been exaggerated.‎ B　解析：推理判断题。根据第四段可知，三文鱼是补充维生素D的食物，因此对我们的饮食是有用的补充物，故选B。‎ ‎8．The main purpose of this article is ．‎ A．to introduce a valuable nutrient B．to advertise Vitamin D supplements C．to note risks associated with a nutrient D．to explain how a nutrient was discovered A　解析：写作意图题。根据全文可知，本文主要介绍一种营养成分——维生素D。‎ 完形填空 ‎(2019·昆明高三摸底测试)Mrs. Hudson walked into the classroom with a girl limping(瘸着走) behind her. She introduced，“This is Margaret. She just moved here from Florida. Let’s 1 her.” The teacher guided her 2 to a front seat, then bent over and 3 something in her ear. Finishing explaining the math problems, Mrs. Hudson 4 ，“Break time. See you in ten minutes.”‎ Boys 5 first.“Today, let’s meet at the far end of the sidewalk. And make sure the new girl doesn’t follow us！” I said. After a while, I came back to the 6 . I wanted to find out if Mrs. Hudson liked my book report. With her usual big smile, she began，“Jack, you are a good 7 ．” Shifting my weight from one foot to the other, I was a little 8 that Mrs. Hudson liked me so much. Her 9 let me know how much she appreciated having me around. My teacher 10 in her quiet voice.“That’s 11 I am sure you will invite Margaret to play with you today.”Her 12 words sounded like frozen knives aiming at my heart. Could she 13 suspect what we had been saying about Margaret? Could she know how 14 I was?‎ Then I managed to 15 Margaret in our group. While many school memories have 16 over the years, the 17 Mrs. Hudson taught me has stayed with me. Mrs. Hudson gently guided me, 18 me to do the right thing. She believed in me, and 19 what she did, I rose to the level of her 20 ， both for Margaret long ago and even later in my choice of career.‎ ‎【解题导语】　本文是一篇记叙文。Hudson夫人是作者的老师。一天，她带着一个走路一瘸一拐的女孩进了教室，包括作者在内的几个男孩取笑这个女孩。而Hudson夫人用激励、爱心和智慧教育了作者，启迪了他的心灵，作者从此不再孤立那个女孩。这段经历对作者的一生产生了很大的影响。‎ ‎1．A.welcome　　　　　　　　B．introduce C．recommend D．follow A　解析：上文讲到Hudson夫人带着一个走路一瘸一拐的女孩进了教室，将这个女孩介绍给班里的孩子们，让大家“欢迎”她，所以选A。welcome“欢迎”；introduce“介绍”；recommend“推荐”；follow“跟随”。‎ ‎2．A.casually B．gently C．nervously D．hurriedly B　解析：上文讲到女孩走路一瘸一拐，接着说Hudson夫人“缓缓地”将女孩带到了前排的一个座位，所以选B。casually“随便地”；gently“温柔地，缓缓地”；nervously“紧张地”；hurriedly“匆忙地”。‎ ‎3．A.spread B．delivered C．repeated D．whispered D　解析：Hudson夫人先是将女孩带到了前排的一个座位上，接着弯下腰来在她的耳边“小声说话”，所以选D。spread“传播”；deliver“递送，发表(演讲)，接生”；repeat“重复”；whisper“小声说”。‎ ‎4．A.cried B．sighed C．announced D．agreed C　解析：Hudson夫人讲完数学题后，“宣布”该休息了，所以选C。cry“喊叫，哭”；sigh“叹气”；announce“宣布”；agree“同意”。‎ ‎5．A.looked out B．raced out C．turned up D．gave up B　解析：根据上文可知，老师宣布了下课，根据常识可推知，下课后，男孩们先“跑了出去”，故raced out符合语境。look out“朝外看”；turn up“出现，露面，调高(音量等)”；give up“放弃”。‎ ‎6．A.school B．office C．classroom D．platform C　解析：上文提到男孩们跑了出去，所以过了一会儿，作者应该是回到了“教室”。school“学校”；office“办公室”；classroom“教室”；platform“平台，月台，讲台”。‎ ‎7．A.guard B．colleague C．person D．speaker C　解析：Hudson夫人对作者说，“Jack，你是一个好人”，她是用表扬的方法来促使作者转变自己的做法，使作者友善对待新来的女生。guard“卫兵”；colleague“同事”；person“人”；speaker“说话者”。‎ ‎8．A.embarrassed B．satisfied C．convinced D．worried A　解析：作者取笑新来的女孩，Hudson夫人却说他是一个好人，这让作者感到有点“尴尬”，所以选A。embarrassed“尴尬的”；satisfied“满意的，满足的”；convinced“确信的”；worried“担忧的”。‎ ‎9．A.answer B．explanation C．comment D．prediction C　解析：Hudson夫人对作者的正面“评价”(说作者是个好人)让作者知道了老师是非常喜欢他在身边的。answer“回答，答案”；explanation“解释，说明”；comment“评论，评述”；prediction“预测，预言”。‎ ‎10．A.begged B．replied C．urged D．continued D　解析：上文讲到，Hudson夫人说作者是一个好人，然后“继续说”，“这就是我确信你今天会邀请Margaret一起玩的原因。”beg“祈求”；reply“回答”；urge“敦促”；continue“继续说”。‎ ‎11．A.why B．how C．when D．where A　解析：参见上题解析。why“为什么”；how“如何，怎样”；when“何时”；where“哪里”。‎ ‎12．A.doubtful B．confident C．honest D．comfortable B　解析：她肯定的话如同冰冷的刀子直指向作者的心，所以选B。doubtful“怀疑的”；confident“自信的，肯定的”；honest“诚实的”；comfortable“舒服的”。‎ ‎13．A.necessarily B．regularly C．hardly D．possibly D　解析：上文提到作者孤立新同学，但老师却说他是个好人，所以作者心中疑惑：她“有可能”会猜到我们都说Margaret什么吗？她知道我有多令人讨厌吗？necessarily“必要地，必然地”；regularly“经常，定期地，有规律地”；hardly“几乎不”；possibly“可能”。‎ ‎14．A.greedy B．smart C．awful D．outgoing C　解析：参见上题解析。greedy“贪婪的”；smart“聪明的，机灵的”；awful“糟糕的，极坏的”；outgoing“外向的，友好的”。‎ ‎15．A.refuse B．praise C．separate D．include D　解析：之后，作者设法让Margaret“加入”到了他们的团体中。refuse“拒绝”；praise“表扬，赞美”；separate“使分离，使分开”；include“包含，包括，列入”。‎ ‎16．A.faded B．existed C．remained D．refreshed A　解析：多年过去了，很多学校的回忆“逐渐消失”，但Hudson夫人给作者的教训却一直伴随着他。fade“逐渐消失，褪色”；exist“存在”；remain“继续存在”；refresh“恢复精神”。‎ ‎17．A.process B．principle C．secret D．lesson D　解析：参见上题解析。process“进程”；principle“原则”；secret“秘密”；lesson“课，教训”。‎ ‎18．A.forcing B．challenging C．permitting D．ordering B　解析：Hudson夫人温和地引导作者，“激励”他去做正确的事情。force“强迫，逼迫”；challenge“激励，要求”；permit“允许”；order“命令”。‎ ‎19．A.because of B．regardless of C．in spite of D．in terms of A　解析：作者的老师信任他，“由于”老师所做的一切，作者达到了老师的期望，所以选A。because of“因为，由于”；regardless of“不顾，不管”；in spite of“尽管”；in terms of“按照，在……方面，以……的措辞”。‎ ‎20．A.beliefs B．expectations C．success D．standard B　解析：参见上题解析。belief“信仰，信条”；expectation“指望，期望”；success“成功”；standard“标准，水平”。‎