【英语】2020届高考英语二轮专题复习冲刺学案（含练习）：考前要点再排查二 8页

二、过去式、过去分词、现在分词的构成规律 ‎1.AAA 动词原形 过去式 过去分词 现在分词 词义 broadcast broadcast broadcast ‎～‎ 广播，播 放，播送 burst burst burst ‎～‎ 爆炸，突 然发作 cost cost cost ‎～‎ 花费 cut cut cut cutting 割，切 hurt hurt hurt ‎～‎ 受伤 hit hit hit hitting 打，撞 let let let letting 让 put put put putting 放下 read read read ‎～‎ 读 rid rid rid ridding 使摆脱，‎ 使去掉 set set set setting 安排，安置 spread spread spread ‎～‎ 展开，传 播，涂 spit spit/spat spit/spat spitting 吐痰 shut shut shut shutting 关上，停 止营业 ‎2．AAB 动词原形 过去式 过去分词 现在分词 词义 beat beat beaten ‎～‎ 打败 ‎3．‎ABA 动词原形 过去式 过去分词 现在分词 词义 become became become becoming 变 come came come coming 来 run ran run running 跑 overcome overcame overcome overcoming 克服，战 胜，征服 ‎4．ABB ‎(1)在动词原形后加一个辅音字母d，t或ed构成过去式或过去分词以及一些特殊变化。‎ 动词原形 过去式 过去分词 现在分词 词义 burn burnt/‎ burned burnt/‎ burned ‎～‎ 燃烧 deal dealt dealt ‎～‎ 解决，处 理，分配 dream dreamed/‎ dreamt dreamed/‎ dreamt ‎～‎ 做梦 hear heard heard ‎～‎ 听见，听说 hang hung hung ‎～‎ 绞死，悬挂 learn learned/‎ learnt learned/‎ learnt ‎～‎ 学习 light lit/lighted lit/lighted ‎～‎ 点燃， 照亮 mean meant meant ‎～‎ 意思是，‎ 意味着 prove proved proven/‎ proved proving 证明，‎ 证实 shine shone shone shining 使照耀，‎ 使发光 show showed showed/‎ shown ‎～‎ 展示，‎ 给……看 smell smelled/‎ smelt smelled/‎ smelt ‎～‎ 闻，嗅 speed sped/‎ speeded sped/‎ speeded ‎～‎ 加速 spell spelled/‎ spelt spelled/‎ spelt ‎～‎ 拼写 wake woke woken waking 醒来，叫 醒，唤醒 ‎(2)把动词原形的最后一个辅音字母“d”改为“t”构成过去式或过去分词。‎ 动词原形 过去式 过去分词 现在分词 词义 build built built ‎～‎ 建筑 bend bent bent ‎～‎ 弯曲，屈服 lend lent lent ‎～‎ 借给 rebuild rebuilt rebuilt ‎～‎ 改建，重建 send sent sent ‎～‎ 送 spend spent spent ‎～‎ 花费 ‎(3)原形→－ought→－ought 动词原形 过去式 过去分词 现在分词 词义 bring brought brought ‎～‎ 带来 buy bought bought ‎～‎ 买 fight fought fought ‎～‎ 打架，战斗 think thought thought ‎～‎ 思考，想 seek sought sought ‎～‎ 寻找，追 求，搜索 ‎(4)原形→－aught→－aught 动词原形 过去式 过去分词 现在分词 词义 catch caught caught ‎～‎ 捉，抓 teach taught taught ‎～‎ 教 ‎(5)变其中一个元音字母 动词原形 过去式 过去分词 现在分词 词义 awake awoke awoken awaking 唤醒，唤起 dig dug dug digging 挖掘，‎ 搜寻 feed fed fed ‎～‎ 喂养，饲养 flee fled fled ‎～‎ 逃避，‎ 逃跑 find found found ‎～‎ 发现，找到 get got got/gotten getting 得到 hold held held ‎～‎ 拥有，握住 lead led led ‎～‎ 引导，领导 meet met met ‎～‎ 遇见 sit sat sat sitting 坐 shoot shot shot ‎～‎ 射击 stick stuck stuck ‎～‎ 刺入，粘住 续表 动词原形 过去式 过去分词 现在分词 词义 strike struck struck striking 撞击，冲 击，罢工 win won won winning 赢，获胜 ‎(6)原形→□lt/pt/ft→□lt/pt/ft 动词原形 过去式 过去分词 现在分词 词义 feel felt felt ‎～‎ 感到 keep kept kept ‎～‎ 保持 leave left left leaving 离开 sleep slept slept ‎～‎ 睡觉 sweep swept swept ‎～‎ 扫 weep wept wept ‎～‎ 哭泣，‎ 流泪 ‎(7)其他 动词原形 过去式 过去分词 现在分词 词义 lay laid laid ‎～‎ 下蛋，放置 pay paid paid ‎～‎ 付款 say said said ‎～‎ 说，讲；‎ 表达 stand stood stood ‎～‎ 站 understand understood understood ‎～‎ 明白 lose lost lost losing 失去 have had had having 有，持有 make made made making 制造，安 排，构成 sell sold sold ‎～‎ 卖 tell told told ‎～‎ 告诉 retell retold retold ‎～‎ 重复，复述 wind wound wound ‎～‎ 缠绕，转 动，迂回 ‎5．ABC ‎(1)原形→过去式→原形＋(e)n 动词原形 过去式 过去分词 现在分词 词义 blow blew blown ‎～‎ 吹风；刮；‎ 炸毁 drive drove driven driving 驾驶 draw drew drawn ‎～‎ 画画，绘 制；拖拽 续表 动词原形 过去式 过去分词 现在分词 词义 eat ate eaten ‎～‎ 吃 fall fell fallen ‎～‎ 落下，跌倒 forbid forbade forbidden forbidding 禁止，不许 give gave given giving 给，提 供；授予 grow grew grown ‎～‎ 生长，种植 forgive forgave forgiven forgiving 原谅，饶恕 know knew known ‎～‎ 知道 mistake mistook mistaken mistaking 弄错；误解 overeat overate overeaten ‎～‎ ‎(使)吃 过量 prove proved proven/‎ proved proving 证明，试验 take took taken taking 拿，获得，‎ 接受 throw threw thrown ‎～‎ 抛，扔，掷 ride rode ridden riding 骑；乘车 see saw seen ‎～‎ 看见；领会 sew sewed sewn ‎～‎ 缝制，缝合 show showed showed/‎ shown ‎～‎ 展示，出 示，说明 shake shook shaken shaking 摇动，震动 write wrote written writing 写 ‎(2)原形→过去式→过去式＋(e)n 动词原形 过去式 过去分词 现在分词 词义 break broke broken ‎～‎ 打破，打碎 choose chose chosen choosing 选择 get got got/gotten getting 得到 hide hid hidden hiding 隐藏 续表 动词原形 过去式 过去分词 现在分词 词义 forget forgot forgotten forgetting 忘记 freeze froze frozen freezing 冷冻，结冰 speak spoke spoken ‎～‎ 说话，谈 话；演讲 steal stole stolen ‎～‎ 偷窃，窃 取，偷盗 ‎(3)变单词在重读音节中的元音字母“i”分别为“a”(过去式)和“u”(过去分词)[i→a→u]‎ 动词原形 过去式 过去分词 现在分词 词义 begin began begun beginning 开始 drink drank drunk ‎～‎ 喝 sing sang sung ‎～‎ 唱 sink sank sunk ‎～‎ 下沉，沉没 swim swam swum swimming 游泳 ring rang rung ‎～‎ 打电话；‎ 包围 ‎(4)其他 动词原形 过去式 过去分词 现在分词 词义 be(am，‎ is, are)‎ was/were been ‎～‎ 是 bear bore borne/born ‎～‎ 承担，忍受 do did done ‎～‎ 做 fly flew flown ‎～‎ 飞行 go went gone ‎～‎ 去 lie lay (lied)‎ lain (lied)‎ lying 躺；位 于(说谎)‎ wear wore worn ‎～‎ 穿 bite bit bitten biting 咬 tear tore torn ‎～‎ 撕破 注：“～”表示在动词原形后直接加－ing。‎