2021版高考英语一轮复习导学案：Unit4Earthquakes导学案新人教版必修1 10页

Unit 4　Earthquakes 阅 读 词 汇 ‎1.earthquake n.　　　地震 ‎2.quake n. 震动;地震 ‎3.well n. 井 ‎4.crack n. 裂缝;噼啪声 vt.‎‎& vi. (使)开裂;破裂 ‎5.smelly adj. 发臭的;有臭味的 ‎6.farmyard n. 农场;农家 ‎7.pipe n. 管;导管 ‎8.million n. 百万 ‎9.canal n. 运河;水道 ‎10.steam n. 蒸汽;水汽 ‎11.dirt n. 污垢;泥土 ‎12.extreme adj. 极度的 ‎13.survivor n. 幸存者;生还者;残存物 ‎14.brick n. 砖;砖块 ‎15.dam n. 水坝;堰堤 ‎16.track n. 轨道;足迹;痕迹 ‎17.mine n. 矿;矿山;矿井 ‎18.miner n. 矿工 ‎19.shelter n. 掩蔽;掩蔽处;避身处 ‎20.reporter n. 记者 ‎21.bar n. 条;棒;条状物 ‎22.outline n. 要点;大纲;轮廓 ‎23.headline n. 报刊的大字标题 ‎24.cyclist n. 骑自行车的人 识 记 ‎1.burst vi.　　　　　爆裂;爆发 n. 突然破裂;爆发 - 10 -‎ 词 汇 ‎2.event n. 事件;大事 ‎3.nation n. 民族;国家;国民 ‎4.ruin n. 废墟;毁灭 vt. 毁灭;使破产 ‎5.suffering n. 苦难;痛苦 ‎6.injure vt. 损害;伤害 ‎7.destroy vt. 破坏;毁坏;消灭 ‎8.useless adj. 无用的;无效的;无益的 ‎9.shock vt.‎& vi. (使)震惊;震动 n. 休克;打击;震惊 ‎10.rescue n.& vt. 援救;营救 ‎11.trap vt. 使陷入困境 n. 陷阱;困境 ‎12.electricity n. 电;电流;电学 ‎13.disaster n. 灾难;灾祸 ‎14.bury vt. 埋葬;掩埋;隐藏 ‎15.title n. 标题;头衔;资格 ‎16.damage n.& vt. 损失;损害 识 记 词 汇 ‎17.frighten vt.　　　　使惊吓;吓唬 ‎18.frightened adj. 受惊的;受恐吓的 ‎19.frightening adj. 令人恐惧的 ‎20.congratulation n. 祝贺;(复数)贺词 ‎21.judge n. 裁判员;法官 vt. 断定;判断;判决 ‎22.sincerely adv. 真诚地;真挚地 ‎23.express vt. 表示;表达 n. 快车;速递 拓 展 ‎1.nation n. 民族;国家;国民→national adj. 民族的;国家的;国民的→nationality n. 国籍 - 10 -‎ 词 汇 ‎2.shock vt.‎& vi.(使)震惊;震动 n. 休克;打击;震惊→shocking adj. 令人震惊的→shocked adj. 感到震惊的 ‎3.injure vt. 损害;伤害→injury n. 伤害;损害→injured adj. 受伤的 ‎4.express vt. 表示;表达 n. 快车;速递→expression n. 表达;表情 ‎5.frighten vt. 使惊吓;吓唬→frightened adj. 受惊的;受恐吓的→frightening adj. 令人恐惧的 ‎6.congratulation n. 祝贺;(复数)贺词→congratulate vt. 祝贺 ‎7.sincerely adv.真诚地;真挚地→sincere adj. 真诚的;真挚的 短 语 记 忆 ‎1.a (great) number of　　许多;大量的 ‎ ‎2.dig out 掘出;发现 ‎3.at an end 结束;终结 ‎4.right away 立刻;马上 ‎5.as if 仿佛;好像 ‎6.in ruins 严重受损;破败不堪 句 型 整 理 ‎1.In the farmyards,the chickens and even the pigs were too nervous to eat.在农家大院里的鸡,甚至连猪都紧张得不想吃食。‎ ‎2.It seemed as if the world was at an end!‎ 仿佛到了世界末日!‎ ‎3.Thousands of families were killed and many children were left without parents.‎ 成千上万个家庭遇难,许多孩子变成了孤儿。‎ ‎4.All hope was not lost.‎ 不是所有的希望都破灭了。‎ 重点 语法 The Attributive Clause(Ⅰ) (that,which,who,whose)‎ ‎[定语从句(Ⅰ) (that,which,who,whose)]‎ - 10 -‎ ‎1.burst vi.破裂;胀破;爆裂 n.爆发;突然爆裂 归纳拓展 ‎①burst out 突然迸发;爆发 ‎②burst out doing sth.=burst into+n.突然……起来 ‎③burst in∕into 闯进;突然破门而入 ‎④burst with anger∕grief∕joy勃然大怒∕心痛欲绝∕乐不可支 完成句子 ‎①These are volcanoes so explosive that they burst open (它们迸发开来)in a single big crack,leaving behind a vast hole.(2019江苏,阅读理解B)‎ ‎②当我把那张礼品卡递给他,说他可以用来买他的家庭可能需要的任何东西时,他突然哭了起来。‎ When I handed him the gift card,saying he could use it for whatever his family might need,he burst into tears.‎ ‎③警察突然闯进去,逮捕了那名毒品贩子。‎ The police burst in and arrested the drug dealer.‎ ‎2.ruin n.[U] 毁坏;毁灭;崩溃 [C] (pl.)废墟,遗迹 v.(使)破产,(使)堕落,毁灭 归纳拓展 ‎①in ruins 严重受损;破败不堪 ‎②fall into ruin 荒废;败落 ‎③bring...to ruin 使……毁灭;使……没落 用ruin相关词组填空 ‎①当他们第二天返回Rockaway时,他们发现他们的社区已成为一片废墟。‎ When they returned to Rockaway the next day,they found their neighborhood in ruins.‎ ‎②这座古老的庙宇已经破败不堪,需要修理。‎ The ancient temple has fallen into ruin and needs repairing.‎ - 10 -‎ ‎③醉驾不仅毁掉了他自己还导致几名路人丧生。‎ Drunk driving not only ruined himself but also killed several passers-by.‎ 词语辨析:‎ ruin 表示“毁灭、毁坏”,是指在一定过程中逐渐对物体进行破坏,使其毁灭。还可用于抽象意义。可用作名词或动词,其名词复数形式表示“废墟,遗迹”。‎ damage 表示“损害、损坏”,通常是指对物体的部分损害,往往暗示损坏后价值、效率、功能可能降低,但这种破坏具有可修复性;也可用于抽象意义。可用作动词或名词,作名词时与介词to搭配,如cause damage to。‎ destroy 表示“毁坏”,通常指彻底毁掉或毁灭,其功能无法或难以修复,也可用于损坏抽象的东西,如希望、计划等。‎ 用ruin,damage,destroy的适当形式填空 The palace was destroyed completely rather than was slightly damaged,which can’t be repaired,only leaving ruins.‎ 这座宫殿不是轻微地损坏,而是被彻底地破坏了,无法修复,只剩下废墟。‎ ‎3.injure vt.损害,伤害 归纳拓展 ‎①do an injury to sb.=do sb.an injury伤害某人 ‎②injured pride∕feelings 受伤的自尊∕情感 单句填空 ‎①A month before my first marathon,one of my ankles was injured (injure)and this meant not running for two weeks,leaving me only two weeks to train.(2018北京,阅读理解A)‎ ‎②Don’t lift that tool-box—you’ll do yourself an injury(injure)!‎ 词语辨析:‎ injure 多指意外事故造成的伤害,也可指对名誉、地位的损害。其名词形式为injury。‎ wound - 10 -‎ 既可以作动词,也可以作名词,指人在战斗、攻击中受伤,身体上出现明显的伤口,多指枪伤、刀伤、刺伤等皮肉之伤。‎ hurt 既可以作动词,也可以作名词。多指精神上受到伤害,也可指身体上的疼痛。‎ harm 既可以作动词,也可以作名词,意为“伤害,损害”。指身体或精神上的损害或对周围事物的危害。常用短语do harm to “对……有害”。‎ 选词(injure∕wound∕hurt∕harm)并用其适当形式填空 He retired from the army because of being wounded in a fight.Soon after,he met with an accident,where he was not injured luckily but was hurt to some degree.‎ 他因在战斗中受伤退伍了。不久他遭遇了一次车祸,幸运的是他身体没有受伤,但在一定程度上心灵受了创伤。‎ ‎4.bury vt.埋葬;掩埋;隐藏;专心于 归纳拓展 ‎①bury...in...把……埋入……‎ ‎②‎ 完成句子 ‎①他埋头学习,不知道其他人都已经离开了。‎ Buried in his study,he didn’t know that all the others had left.‎ ‎②自从搬到那里以后,他一直专注于研究工作。‎ Ever since he moved there,he has buried himself in∕has been buried in his research work.‎ ‎5.judge v.判定;判断;判决 n.裁判员;法官;评判员 归纳拓展 ‎①judging from∕by 从……上看,根据……判断 ‎②judge sb.∕sth. from∕by...从……来判断 ‎③as far as I can judge 据我判断,我认为 ‎④judgement n.判断 ‎⑤misjudgement n.误判 - 10 -‎ 完成句子 ‎①It would not matter if these misjudgements(这些误判) were just a matter of people’s opinions.(2019江苏,阅读理解C)‎ ‎②从她的上封来信看,他们过得非常愉快。‎ Judging by∕from her last letter,they are having a wonderful time.‎ ‎③人们常以学生的考试成绩来判断其学校的好坏。‎ Schools tend to be judged by the performance of their students in exams.‎ ‎ judging from∕by表示“从……来看,根据……来判断”,用在句首时为一个独立成分,不受句子主语和时态的影响。‎ a number of 许多,大量的 归纳拓展 ‎①修饰可数名词的短语有:a (large∕great∕good )number of,a great∕good many,a good few,quite a few,many a,more than one ‎②修饰不可数名词的短语有:a great∕good deal of,a great∕large amount of,quite a little ‎③既可修饰可数名词复数又可修饰不可数名词的短语有:a lot of,lots of,a quantity of,quantities of,masses of ‎④the number of+复数可数名词　……的数目 单句填空 ‎①That’s because there are(be) a number of powerful voice manipulation (处理) and automation technologies that are about to become widely available for anyone to use.(2019北京,阅读理解C)‎ ‎②What is(be) the total number of students who earned a C or better?‎ ‎③A great deal of money has been spent(spend) on the new hospital.‎ ‎ “许多”的谓语你知道吗?‎ ‎①a number of+pl.n.作主语,谓语动词用复数。‎ - 10 -‎ ‎②large quantities of+pl.n.∕[U]n.作主语,谓语动词用复数;a large quantity of+pl.n.∕[U]n.作主语,谓语动词用单数;large amounts of+[U]n.作主语,谓语动词用复数。‎ ‎③+可数名词单数+谓语(单数形式)‎ ‎1.In the farmyards,the chickens and even the pigs were too nervous to eat.在农家大院里的鸡,甚至连猪都紧张得不想吃食。‎ 归纳拓展 ‎①too...to...太……而不能……‎ ‎②too...to...与not或never连用时,意为“无论……也不过分,越……越好”。cannot be too...再……也不过分 ‎③only∕just∕but too...to...非常……‎ ‎(too前的only,just,but不仅没有否定意义,反而加重了too的肯定语气)‎ ‎④too ready∕easy∕eager∕willing∕anxious∕happy...to...句型表示肯定,作“过于、太会……”解。‎ ‎⑤too...not to...表示肯定,含义是“非常……必定能;太……不会不……”。‎ 翻译句子 ‎①现在进行任何补救都为时太晚。‎ It’s too late to do anything about it now.‎ ‎②小心无过火。∕你再小心也不为过。∕你越小心越好。‎ You cannot be too careful.‎ ‎2.It seemed as if the world was at an end!‎ 仿佛到了世界末日!‎ as if常引导表语从句或方式状语从句;若表示非真实情况常用虚拟语气。‎ 归纳拓展 ‎①如果所引导的从句表示的是真实的或极有可能发生的情况时,句子要用陈述语气。‎ ‎②当说话人所陈述的是不真实的或极少可能发生或存在的情况时,从句用虚拟语气。‎ ‎③如果as if引导的从句中的主语和主句的主语相同,且含有be动词,可省略从句主语和be动词,这样as if后就只剩下名词、不定式、形容词(短语)、介词短语或分词。‎ - 10 -‎ 完成句子 ‎①快点!看起来火车要开了。‎ Hurry up!It looks as if the train is going to move.‎ ‎②汤姆举起右手好像要说什么。‎ Tom raised his right hand as if to say something.‎ ‎③保罗仿佛像一位超人勇敢地与狼作斗争。‎ Paul fought the wolf bravely as if he were a superman.‎ ‎3.Thousands of families were killed and many children were left without parents.‎ 成千上万个家庭遇难,许多孩子变成了孤儿。‎ leave+宾语+宾补“使……处于某状态”。 ‎ 完成句子 我们不能让这样一件重要的事情半途而废。‎ We can’t leave such an important matter unfinished.‎ ‎4.All hope was not lost.不是所有的希望都破灭了。‎ 该句为不完全否定句,也可称之为部分否定句。‎ 归纳拓展 ‎①当not与all,both,each,every,everyone,everything等具有全部意义的不定代词或形容词连用时,无论not处于何位置,皆表示不完全否定,意为“并非都”。‎ ‎②no,none,no one,neither,nothing,nowhere等表示完全否定。‎ 一句多译 正如你选择一本字典时会注意到的,并不是所有的印刷字典都是一样的。‎ ‎①Not all print dictionaries are the same,as you will notice when you select one.‎ ‎②All print dictionaries are not the same,as you will notice when you select one.‎ 完成句子 ‎③积累起高级的和大量的词汇并不都是很难的。‎ It’s not all that hard to build an advanced and large vocabulary.(2017年11月浙江,语法填空)‎ ‎④我们全都不让去那里。‎ None of us was allowed to go there.‎ - 10 -‎ - 10 -‎