高考英语一轮复习Unit3Backtothepast单元检测必修3 15页

只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 1 Back to the past 单元检测 Ⅰ.单项填空 1．(2014·合肥四校高三联考)The jobless rate remains ________ at 9.6 percent, and the president says more work is needed. A．to stick B．to be stuck C．sticking D．stuck 2．(2014·泰州调研)It's certain that their only child will ________ the big business when the couple get old. A．hand over B．take over C．go over D．get over 3．(2014·山西省六校联考)He expressed doubt ________ Britain really wanted full membership. A．what B．that C．which D．whether 4．(2014·太原高三模拟)The policeman declared that the blow on the boy's head ________ from behind. A．should have been made B．must have been made C．would have been made D．could have been made 5．(2014·蚌埠教学质量检查)You shouldn't have the machines ________ all the while. You ought to have them ________ now and then. A．run; to repair B．running; repairing C．run; repaired D．running; repaired 6．(2014·长沙一中模拟)It snowed continuously for seven days, completely ________ our holiday. A．ruined B．to ruin C．ruining D．having ruined 7．(2014·泰州检测)Although ________ to be the best in a recent science competition, the student remains modest. A．judged B．judging C．judge D．having judged 8．(2014·江苏泗阳中学高三模拟)I sent a big bunch of flowers to the nurse as an ________ of thanks for her taking good care of my grandpa in the nursing home. A．attitude B．impression C．appreciation D．expression 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 2 9．(2014·安徽联盟联考)The day before yesterday the police including one officer ________ searching for the murderer in that mountain. A．is B．are C．was D．were 10．(2014·宿迁高三一模)Countries in Southeast Asia have ________ become familiar with Chinese brands, but there is still a long way to go. A．instantly B．gradually C．actually D．frequently 11．(2014·南通高三检测)Born in a very ________ family, the girl doesn't need to worry about food and has a lot of beautiful clothes to wear. A．commercial B．wealthy C．deserted D．modern 12．(2014·江苏扬州中学模拟)Now more and more people are ________ of the danger of drinking and driving. A．tired B．aware C．afraid D．proud 13．(2014·湖南十二校二次联考)Every time someone comes to me ________， I can point out the positive side of life. A．complaining B．to be complaining C．complained D．complains 14．(2014·淮北高三检测)Ted never dreamt of ________ a chance for him to be sent abroad soon. A．there being B．there to be C．there is D．there having 15．(2014·山东潍坊五校高三下期中)—Have you been wasting time chatting online recently? —________. I've been studying hard and I need a break. A．Not really B．Don't mention it C．Not to worry D．Never mind Ⅱ.阅读理解 A (2014·郴州第二次质检)Like any good mother, when Karen found out that another baby was on the way, she did what she could to help her 3yearold son, Michael, prepare for a new baby. They find out that the new baby is going to be a girl, and day after day, night after 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 3 night, Michael sings to his sister in Mommy's stomach. Finally, Michael's little sister is born. But she is in serious condition. With alarm in the night, the ambulance rushes the infant to the neonatal (初生的) intensive care unit at St. Mary's Hospital, Knoxville, Tennessee. The days go by. The little girl gets worse. The pediatric (儿科的) specialist tells the parents , “There is very little hope. Be prepared for the worst.” Karen and her husband contact a local cemetery about a burial plot. They have fixed up a special room in their home for the new baby, but now they plan a funeral. Michael keeps begging his parents to let him see his sister，“I want to sing to her，” he says. Karen makes up her mind. She will take Michael whether they like it or not. If he doesn't see his sister now, he may never see her alive. She dresses him in an oversized suit and marches him into ICU. He looks like a walking laundry basket, but the head nurse recognizes him as a child and shouts，“Get that kid out of here now! No children are allowed. Never disturb patients here.” The mother rises up strongly and says，“He is not leaving until he sings to his sister！” Karen leads Michael to his sister's bedside. He gazes at the tiny infant losing the battle to live. And he begins to sing. In the pure hearted voice of a 3yearold boy, Michael sings：“You are my sunshine, my only sunshine, you make me happy when skies are gray ...” Instantly the baby girl responds. The pulse rate becomes calm and steady. The next day, the very next day, the little girl is well enough to go home! Woman's Day magazine called it “the miracle of a brother's song”. The medical staff just called it a miracle. Karen called it a miracle of God's love! Never give up on the people you love. 1．What may the underlined words “the infant” in Paragraph 2 refer to? A．The baby. B．Karen. C．Mary. D．Michael. 2．What do we know about the little sister after she was born? A．She was driven to St. Mary's shop. B．A doctor came to see her in her house. C．She was very thin and couldn't speak. D．She was in great danger. 3．Why did Karen firmly let little Michael see his sister in ICU? A．Because he could make his sister alive. B．Because his sister would be sent to a far hospital. 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 4 C．Because his sister was going to die soon. D．Because his father wanted to take him away. 4．What do we know about the head nurse? A．The head nurse was careful. B．The head nurse was rude. C．The head nurse was responsible. D．The head nurse had no sympathy. 5．What is the main idea of the text? A．A boy's singing saved his sister's life. B．The little girl is well enough to go home. C．Michael's little sister is born with a serious disease. D．No children are allowed to enter the intensive care unit. B (2013·江苏五市高三第三次调研)Giant landslides (山崩) have a seismic (地震的) fingerprint that allows researchers to estimate their size, duration, and even how far they travel across the landscape, new research reveals. The finding may be particularly useful in identifying landslides that occur in steep, remote areas where few people live — not because of their immediate effects, but because such slumps (滑坡) can block rivers and impound lakes that could later destroy the natural dams and threaten populated areas downstream. Seismometers and other such instruments record ground motions occurring at all frequencies (频率), but seismologists typically pay attention to only those in ranges where the signals of earthquakes exist. The first seismic waves caused by quakes and explosions are sharp and distinct, says Göran Ekström, a seismologist in Palisades, New York. But the lowfrequency waves caused by giant landslides are occasionally hidden in the mix of seismic vibrations (震动) booming through Earth's crust, too. Of the 29 largest known landslides worldwide from 1980 through 2012, ground motions from the 27 largest were detected by seismic instruments that were part of a global network of instruments. Seismic vibrations produced by the other two slides showed up well on regional networks. When Ekström and colleague Colin Stark analyzed the seismic data associated with those major landslides, they realized that certain characteristics of the slumps were contained in the ground motions — similar to the way that researchers can use seismic data to estimate the size of a quake and the directions. For instance, when rock falls off a mountainside, 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 5 the peak is suddenly lighter — so, according to Newton's laws of motion, the mountain springs upward and away from the falling rock, causing initial ground motions that reveal some characteristics of the landslide. And because seismic data offer clues about how landslides unfold, it may help researchers develop better models of how landslides behave. “People rarely see large landslides happen; they typically only see the aftereffects，” Ekström notes. Indeed, Ekström and Stark's analysis revealed that a set of landslides that fell onto the Siachen Glacier near the IndiaPakistan border in September 2010 actually included seven slides that occurred over a period of 4 days. “If we'd only seen this deposit in the field, we'd likely have thought it was formed by one or two landslides，” Ekström says. Although some landslides fortunately don't affect people immediately, they can have longterm effects. If researchers have a way to identify such landslides quickly, they can possibly minimize damage and loss of life. 6．What is the particular use of the finding mentioned in the passage? A．Clarifying the reasons to identify landslides. B．Finding the possible directions of landslides. C．Judging where landslides occur and how long they may last. D．Confirming the lonely sites and potential effects of landslides. 7．According to the passage, seismic waves caused by giant landslides ________. A．are at high frequency B．are sharp and distinct C．might hardly be discovered D．may occur at all frequencies 8．What can help scientists figure out the size and direction of a landslide? A．Ground motions. B．Newton's laws of motion. C．The falling rock. D．The lighter mountain peak. 9．We can infer from the passage that ________. A．damage and loss of life from giant landslides are unavoidable B．landslides can all be detected by instruments over the world C．landslides have never been seen when they occur D．deposit can tell scientists the number of landslides Back to the past 单元检测(B 卷——自主选做) 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 6 Ⅰ.完形填空 (2014·江阴五校联考)Socialization is the way in which children and adults learn from others. We begin learning from others during the early days of life; and most people continue their social learning all through life __1__ some mental or physical disability slows or stops the learning __2__. Sometimes the learning is __3__， as when we learn a new sport, art or musical technique from a friend. At other times, social learning is __4__， as when we learn not to drive too fast by receiving a large fine for __5__. Positive socialization is the type of social learning that is based on pleasurable and __6__ experiences. We tend to like the people who fill our socialization with __7__， loving care, and rewarding opportunities. Negative socialization __8__ when others use punishment, harsh criticisms or anger to try to “__9__ us a lesson”； and often we come to dislike both negative socialization and the people who __10__ it on us. There are all types of mixes of positive and negative socialization; and the more positive social learning experiences we have, the happier we tend to be — especially if we learn useful information that helps us deal with the __11__ of life. Our __12__ socialization helps explain a majority of who we are at present — what we think and feel, where we plan to go in life. But we are not __13__ by the things given to us by those learning experiences; we can take all our __14__ days and guide our future social learning in directions that we __15__.The more that we know about the socialization procedure, the more effective we can be in __16__ our future learning in the ways that will help us most. Because we were not able to __17__ our parents, we were not able to __18__ much of the first 10 or 20 years of our socialization. However, most people learn to __19__ their own socialization as they gain experience in life. It takes special skills to steer (掌舵) our own socialization, and many of us __20__ some of those skills naturally as we go through life but others may need to take some courses for those skills. 1．A.if B．since C．unless D．while 2．A.process B．methods C．progress D．period 3．A.tiresome B．fun C．burden D．effortless 4．A.worthwhile B．boring C．valuable D．painful 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 7 5．A.speeding B．drunkdriving C．casualparking D．overload 6．A.practical B．exciting C．personal D．beneficial 7．A.motivation B．conversation C．information D．conclusion 8．A.occurs B．fails C．suffers D．enters 9．A.tell B．prepare C．draw D．teach 10．A.cheat B．test C．force D．request 11．A.opportunities B．conditions C．challenges D．pleasures 12．A.previous B．current C．positive D．negative 13．A.surprised B．limited C．shaped D．affected 14．A.happy B．healthy C．remaining D．past 15．A.doubt B．lose C．abandon D．value 16．A.directing B．describing C．damaging D．discovering 17．A.socialize B．select C．support D．blame 18．A.enjoy B．resist C．repeat D．control 19．A.influence B．quit C．continue D．break 20．A.put up B．pick up C．make up D．turn up Ⅱ.阅读理解 (2014·江西省重点中学协作体第一次联考)Two friends have an argument that breaks up 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 8 their friendship forever, even though neither one can remember how the whole thing got started. Such sad events happen over and over in high schools across the country. In fact, according to an official report on youth violence, “In our country today, the greatest threat to the lives of children and adolescents is not disease or starvation or abandonment, but the terrible reality of violence.” Given that this is the ease, why aren't students taught to manage conflict the way they are taught to solve math problems, drive ears, or stay physically fit? First of all, students need to realize that conflict is unavoidable. A report on violence among middle school and high school students indicates that most violent incidents between students begin with a relatively minor insult. For example, a fight could start over the fact that one student eats a peanut butter sandwich each lunchtime. Laughter over the sandwich can lead to insults, which in turn can lead to violence. The problem isn't in the sandwich, but in the way students deal with the conflict. Once students recognize that conflict is unavoidable, they can practice the golden rule of conflict resolution: stay calm. Once the student feels calmer, he or she should choose words that will calm the other person down as well Rude words, namecalling, and accusations only add fuel to the emotional fire. On the other hand, soft words spoken at a normal sound level can put out the fire before it explodes out of control. After both sides have calmed down, they can use another key strategy for conflict resolution: listening. Listening allows the two sides to understand each other. One person should describe his or her side, and the other person should listen without interrupting. Afterward, the listener can ask nonthreatening questions to clarify the speaker's position. Then the two people should change roles. Finally, students need to consider what they are hearing. This doesn't mean trying to figure out what's wrong with the other person. It means understanding what the real issue is and what both sides are trying to accomplish. For example, a shouting match over a peanut butter sandwich might happen because one person thinks the other person is unwilling to try new things. Students need to ask themselves questions such as these: How did this start? What do I really want? What am I afraid of? As the issue becomes clearer, the conflict often simply becomes smaller. Even if it doesn't, careful thought helps both sides figure out a mutual solution. There will always be conflict in schools, but that doesn't mean there needs to be violence. After students in Atlanta started a conflict resolution program, according to Educators for Social Responsibility, “64 percent of the teachers reported less physical 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 9 violence in the classroom; 75 percent of the teachers reported an increase in student cooperation; and 92 percent of the students felt better about themselves.” Learning to resolve conflicts can help students deal with friends, teachers, parents, bosses, and coworkers. In that way, conflict resolution is a basic life skill that should be taught in schools across the country. 1．This article is mainly about ________. A．the lives of school children B．the cause of arguments in schools C．how to analyze youth violence D．how to deal with school conflicts 2．From Paragraph 2 we can learn that ________. A．violence is more likely to occur at lunchtime B．a small conflict can lead to violence C．students tend to lose their temper easily D．the eating habit of a student is often the cause of a fight 3．Why do students need to ask themselves the questions stated in Paragraph 5? A．To find out who is to blame. B．To get ready to try new things. C．To make clear what the real issue is. D．To figure out how to stop the shouting match. 4．After the conflict resolution program was started in Atlanta, it was found that ________. A．there was a decrease in classroom violence B．there was less student cooperation in the classroom C．more teachers felt better about themselves in schools D．the teacherstudent relationship greatly improved 5．The writer's purpose for writing this article is to ________. A．complain about problems in school education B．teach students different strategies for school life C．advocate teaching conflict management in schools D．inform teachers of the latest studies on school violence Ⅲ.任务型阅读 (2014·无锡普通高中高三月考)By the logic (逻辑) of geography, the continent of Australia should have been populated with Asians. Instead, by an accident of history, 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 10 Australia has been mainly populated with Westerners. Sadly, no major Australian newspaper or expert commented. This made me aware that Australians are reluctant to face Australia's painful new geopolitical realities. Against this background, the release of the Asian Century White Paper is timely. It should provide a sharp wakeup call to the Australian population that Australia's destiny (命运) is now firmly tied to Asia. Julia Gillard is right in saying, “The transformation of the Asian region into the economic powerhouse of the world is not only unstoppable, it is gathering pace.” One truly impressive part of the paper is the data it provides on Asia's rise. It notes, for example, that “in the past 20 years, China and India have almost tripled (增至三倍 ) their share of the global economy and increased their economic size almost six times over. By 2025, the region as a whole will account for almost half the world's output.” In this Asian century, as Western power gets weak steadily, Australia will be left “beached” alone as the only Western country (together with New Zealand) in Asia. Twentytwo million Australians will have to learn to deal with 3.5 billion Asians with great care and sensitivity. Ignorance (无知) about Asia could prove to be fatal (致命的) for Australia's longterm future. This is why the report is right in focusing on Australian misunderstanding of Asia. Sadly, this kind of terrible ignorance may be a result of Australian education. The report says, “Only a small proportion of Year 12 students study anything about Asia in the subjects of history, literature, geography, economics, politics and the arts under existing statebased curriculums.” Worse, only 5 percent of each Australian groups study any kind of Asian language. Learning Asian languages would open windows to Asian cultural and political sensitivities. The time for Australians to think deeply about their Asian destiny has arrived. The sooner Australia adjusts to its new Asian destiny, the less painful the adjustment will prove to be. Title：It's (1)________ to accept our place in Asian region (2)________ (3)________ speaking, Australia is close to Asia, yet few Australians are willing to face Australia's new geopolitical (4)________． Release of the white Aim: To tell Australians that their (5)________ definitely has much to do with Asia. 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 11 paper Cause: Asia has (6)________ the economic powerhouse of the world. (7)________：China and India have tripled their share of the global economy and the region will account for half the world's output by 2025. Writer's opinions Australians will be lonely if they don't learn to deal with 3.5 billion Asians. Australian (8)________， in part, is responsible for their ignorance about Asia. It's right for the paper to (9)________ on Australian misunderstanding of Asia. It's high time that Asian languages were (10)________ to Australian children. 答 案 Back to the past 单元检测 (A 卷——全员必做) Ⅰ.1.选 D 句意：失业率仍然停留在 9.6%，总统表示，还需要更多的努力。此处为过去分词作 表语，remain 为系动词。注意，stuck 已经形容词化，表示“卡住的，无法移动的，动不了的”。 2．选 B 句意：当这对夫妻年老的时候，他们唯一的孩子肯定会接管他们的大企业。hand over“移交”；take over“接管”；go over“仔细检查”；get over“克服”。 3．选 D 句意：他怀疑英国是否真正想取得完全的会员国资格。分析句子结构可知，“Britain really wanted full membership”为同位语从句，说明“doubt”的内容，根据句意可知应用 whether 引导，表示“是否”。 4．选 B 句意：警察称男孩头部受到的重击肯定是从背后偷袭的。根据题干中的“declared(宣 布)”可知，本句话强调的是表示推测的可能性大，故选 B。在表示推测语气时，must 表示推测的可 能性最大。 5．选 D 如果宾语和宾语补足语之间为动宾关系，宾语补足语用动词的过去分词形式。如果为 主谓关系，则可以用动词原形表动作的全过程或者用现在分词形式表示所处状态或正在进行的动作。 此处是“使机器一直运转”，是主动而且正在进行的动作，故第一个空用 running; them 指代机器， 与 repair 之间为被动关系，故第二个空用 repaired。 6．选 C 句意：连续下了七天雪，完全毁了我们的假期。分析句子结构和句意可知，此处用 v.ing 作结果状语。不定式作结果状语表示出人意料的结果，不合题意。 7．选 A 句意：虽然在最近的一次科学竞赛中被评为最佳，但是那位学生仍然保持谦虚(的态 度)。根据句意可知，judge 和主语 the student 为动宾关系，故用 judge 的过去分词形式。 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 12 8．选 D 句意：我给护士送去一大束鲜花以表谢意，感谢她在我爷爷住疗养院期间给予的悉心 照顾。an expression of thanks 是 express one's thanks 的变形。C 项若能与题干构成“an appreciation of her taking good care of ...”结构，也可当选。 9．选 D 句意：前天警察包括一个警官在山上搜捕那个杀人犯。police 为集体名词，作主语时， 谓语动词用复数形式；根据时间状语 the day before yesterday 可知应选 D。 10．选 B 句意：东南亚国家逐渐熟悉中国品牌，但是(对于中国品牌来说)还有很长的路要走。 gradually“逐渐地”，符合句意。 11．选 B 句意：出生在一个富有的家庭，这个女孩不必为饮食发愁，而且还有很多漂亮衣服 穿。commercial“商业的”；wealthy“富有的”；deserted“无人居住的”；modern“现代的”。 12．选 B 句意：现在越来越多的人意识到饮酒驾驶的危险。be aware of ...“意识到……”， 符合句意。be tired of ...“厌烦……”；be afraid of ...“害怕……”；be proud of ...“因…… 而自豪”。 13．选 A 句意：每当有人向我抱怨时，我都会指出生活中积 极的一面。someone 与 complain 之间是逻辑上的主动关系，故应用现在分词短语作状语。 14．选 A 介词 of 后用动名词作宾语，there be 的动名词复合结构是 there being。注意 there be 的动名词复合结构与独立主格结构在形式上相同，但用法不同。 15．选 A 根据空后内容可知，第二个说话人说他学习很努力，需要放松一下。Not really 表 示语气较弱的否定，意为“不完全是”；Don't mention it“不客气”，用于回应别人的感谢；Not to worry“不要担心”；Never mind“没关系，不用担心”，用于安慰对方。根据语境可知，答案 为 A。 Ⅱ. 语篇解读：本文为一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一个小男孩的歌声，奇迹般地挽救了病危中的妹妹的故 事。 1．选 A 词义猜测题。根据画线词上下文的内容可知，Michael 的妹妹终于出生了。但她的情 况很糟。救护车连夜把她送到医院的新生儿重症监护室。因此，“the infant”指的就是 Michael 刚出生的妹妹，即 the baby。故答案选 A。根据倒数第二段第一、二句也可推出答案。 2．选 D 细节理解题。根据第二段可知，Micheal 的妹妹出生后情况很糟，被送到了新生儿重 症监护室。一天天过去了，妹妹的情况却越来越糟糕了。儿科专家对她的父母下了病危通知。故答 案选 D。 3．选 C 细节理解题。根据第四段可知，Karen 下定了决心，不管别人愿不愿意，她都要带迈 克尔进去。如果现在不让他看，他可能再也见不到活着的妹妹了。故答案选 C。 4．选 C 推理判断题。根据第五段内容，当护士长看到 Michael 进入 ICU 病房后，她大声说道： “把那个小孩领出去！这不让小孩进！”因此可推知，护士长并非粗鲁或无情，她只是在尽自己的 职责。故答案选 C。 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 13 5．选 A 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章讲述的是一个小男孩用自己的歌声挽救了病危中的 妹妹的故事。故答案选 A。 语篇解读：本文是一篇科普说明文。研究表明：强烈山崩产生的地震波有助于人们对它的面积、周 期等进行测算。这可以帮助科学家判断发生在偏远、人烟稀少地区的山崩。 6．选 D 细节理解题。文章第一段第二句提到，这个发现尤其在发现偏远地区的山崩方面更有 效。另外，下文主要讲述的便是它在判断潜在山崩方面的作用。故答案选 D。 7．选 C 细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“But the lowfrequency waves caused by giant landslides are occasionally hidden in the mix of ...”可知，剧烈的山崩产生的地震波偶尔 会与地震震动声混在一起，不容易被察觉到。故答案选 C。 8．选 A 细节理解题。根据第四段第一句中的“they realized that certain characteristics of the slumps were contained in the ground motions — similar to the way that researchers can use seismic data to estimate the size of a quake and the directions”并结合第四段最 后 一 句 中 的 “causing initial ground motions that reveal some characteristics of the landslide”可知，科学家是根据地面运动辨别山崩的面积和方向的。故答案选 A。 9．选 A 推理判断题。根据文章最后一句的大意：如果研究人员有办法很快地 判断山崩的话， 那么就可能把破坏和死亡降到最低限度。由这句话可推断，因为山崩难以提前预测和判断，所以破 坏和死亡是不可避免的。故答案选 A。 Back to the past 单元检测 (B 卷——自主选做) Ⅰ. 语篇解读：本文为一篇说明文。社会化过程伴随人的一生。它有积极的和消极的之分。一个人已有 的社会化可以影响其想法和未来。家庭会对一个人的社会化产生影响，但大部分人是在生活中经历 其社会过程。 1．选 C 句意：在整个人生中，大部分人都在持续社会学习，除非由于身心的缺陷减缓或者妨 碍了学习的进程。if 意为“如果”；since 意为“自从……以来”；unless 意为“除非，如果不”； while 意为“当……的时候”。根据句意可知，应选 C 项。 2．选 A 句意：除非由于身心的缺陷减缓或者妨碍了学习的进程。process 意为“进程，过程”； method 意为“方法”；progress 意为“进步”；period 意为“阶段，时期”。故答案选 A。 3．选 B 句意：当我们从朋友那里学习一项新的运动、绘画、音乐的技能时，学习是快乐的。 tiresome 意为“无聊的，令人厌烦的”；fun 意为“有趣的”；burden 意为“压力”；effortless 意为“毫不费力的”。只有 fun 符合句意，故答案选 B。 4．选 D 句意：有时社会学习也是痛苦的，比如由于超速而收到大额罚单。worthwhile 意为“有 价值的”；boring 意为“无聊的”；valuable 意为“有价值的”；painful 意为“痛苦的”。结合 后半句的“receiving a large fine”可知，只有 painful 符合句意。 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 14 5．选 A speeding 意为“超速”；drunkdriving 意为“酒后驾驶”；casualparking 意为“随 便停车”；overload 意为“超载”。此处与本句中的“drive too fast”相呼应，故只有 speeding 符合句意。 6．选 B 句意：积极的社会化是基于令人愉快和兴奋的经历的一种学习。practical 意为“实 际的”；exciting 意为“令人兴奋的”；personal 意为“个人的”；beneficial 意为“有益的”。 此处 exciting 与 pleasurable 相照应。 7．选 A 句意：我们趋向于喜欢那些能为我们的社会化带来动力、爱心和有益机会的人。 motivation 意为“积极性”；conversation 意为“对话”；information 意为“信息”；conclusion 意为“结论”。此处与下句中的“punishment”相对照，故答案选 A。 8．选 A 句意：当别人使用惩罚、严厉的批评或者很生气地想教育我们一顿时，消极的社会化 就发生了。occur 意为“发生”；fail 意为“失败”；suffer 意为“忍受，遭受”；enter 意为“进 入”。occur 符合句意。 9．选 D teach sb. a lesson 是固定短语，意为“教训某人”，符合语境。 10．选 C 句意：我们不喜欢消极的社会化和把它强加到我们身上的人。cheat 意为“欺骗”； test 意为“测试”；force 意为“强迫”与 on 搭配构成 force sth. on sb.，意为“强加于某人”； request 意为“请求”。force 符合语境。 11．选 C 句意：我们所经历的积极的社会化越多，我们就会越快乐——尤其是当我们所学到 的有用信息能够帮我们应对生活中的挑战时。opportunity 意为“机遇”；condition 意为“条件”； challenge 意为“挑战”；pleasure 意为“乐趣”。deal with challenges 意为“应对挑战”，符 合句意。 12．选 A 句意：我们已有的社会化在很大程度上解释了我们目前是谁……。previous 意为“以 前的”；current 意为“现在的”；positive 意为“积极的”；negative 意为“消极的”。previous 与后面的“at present”相对，指已经历的社会化对一个人现状的影响，符合句意。 13．选 B 句意：但是我们不会被那些学习经历所限制。surprise 意为“使惊讶”；limit 意 为“限制”；shape 意为“塑造”；affect 意为“影响”。根据句意可知，答案选 B。 14．选 C 句意：我们可以按照我们所重视的社会学习方向来指导自己度过剩下的日子。happy 意为“幸福的”；healthy 意为“健康的”；remaining 意为“剩下的”；past 意为“过去的”。 remaining 与下文的“future”相照应，符合句意。 15．选 D doubt 意为“怀疑”；lose 意为“失去”；abandon 意为“放弃”；value 意为“重 视”。此处是指用自己珍视的生活方向来指导自己度过余下的日子，value 符合句意。 16．选 A 句意：我们对社会化进程了解得越多，就越能有效地利用能最大程度帮助我们的方 式来指导以后的学习。direct 意为“指导，指向”；describe 意为“描述”；damage 意为“损坏”； discover 意为“发现”。direct 与上文“directions”相照应，符合句意。 17．选 B 句意：由于我们不能选择我们的父母……。socialize 意为“使社会化”；select 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 15 意为“选择”；support 意为“支持”；blame 意为“责备”。根据下文的“the first 10 or 20 years”可知，此处是指选择自己的父母，故答案选 B。 18．选 D 句意：所以我们不能控制我们社会化的前 10 年或者前 20 年。enjoy 意为“享受”； resist 意为“抵抗”；repeat 意为“重复”；control 意为“控制”。由于出生的家庭无法选择， 所以自己前 10 年或前 20 年的社会化也不受自己控制，control 符合句意。 19．选 A 句意：然而，大部分人在生活中获得经验的同时，也学着去影响他们自己的社会化。 influence 意为“影响”；quit 意为“放弃”；continue 意为“持续”；break 意为“打破”。 influence 符合句意。 20．选 B 句意：我们许多人自然地学会了那些技能……。put up 意为“举起，张贴”；pick up 意为“捡起，学会(偶然地学会)”；make up 意为“构成，弥补”；turn up 意为“出现，发生”。 pick up 与 naturally 相照应，符合句意。 Ⅱ. 语篇解读：本文为一篇议论文。文章主要探讨了校园冲突的解决方法。 1．选 D 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了如何处理校园冲突的方法。故答案选 D。 2．选 B 推理判断题。根据第二段第二句可推知，校园冲突通常是由一件小事引起的。因此下 文作者所举的例子也是为了说明这一观点。故答案选 B。 3．选 C 推理判断题。根据文章第五段第三句“It means understanding what the real issue is and what both sides are trying to accomplish.”可知，学生自我发问的原因在于弄清楚问 题的症结所在，而不是只关注对方的过错。故答案选 C。 4．选 A 细节理解题。根据文章第六段中的“64 percent of the teachers reported less physical violence in the classroom”可知，亚特兰大实施了解决校园冲突的方案后，学生之间 肢体上的暴力行为大大减少，而且他们之间合作也增强了，自我感觉也更加良好。故答案选 A。 5．选 C 写作意图题。根据文章第一段中的“Given that this is the case ...”及最后一 段最后一句“In that way, conflict resolution is a basic life skill that should be taught in schools across the country”，再结合文章大意可知，本文的写作目的主要是提出如何减少校 园冲突的方法。故答案选 C。 Ⅲ.(1)time (2)Background (3)Geographically (4)realities (5)destiny (6)become (7)Data (8)education (9)focus/concentrate (10)taught