【英语】2019届二轮复习完形填空错误解题纠正(五)因惯性思维而错选（5页word版） 5页

‎2019届二轮复习完形填空错误解题纠正(五) 因惯性思维而错选 在英语教学中，由于种种原因，如学生的母语、知识面、思维习惯等 克服思维 定式解题 都有可能令学生出现一些思维定式现象，即不善于思考，考虑问题不全 面，导致误解一些题目，抑制思维能力的发展。在做完形填空题时，特 别要注意中西文化的差异，克服思维定式。要养成用英语思维的习惯，‎ 要随着文段发展脉络，调整思维偏差。‎ ‎(一)学习单词时受到的思维定式影响 有些考生学习英语单词过于简单化，仅记其中文意思，而不深刻理解其实际用法和英汉用法之间的细微差异。‎ ‎[典例1]　(2018·6月浙江高考)One day I 46.met a former classmate of mine who was47.making a lot of money running a sideline (副业)．Since his regular job was48.boring, I asked him why he just didn’t do his sideline full-time.He said without the job, he would 49 have too much time and would just do what I did back in 50.college. He said that if he51.quit the job, he would lose his52.drive to work and succeed.‎ ‎49．A.luckily　　　　　　　 B．hardly C．hopefully D．simply 分析：选D　根据语境可知，他说如果没有那份工作，他确实会有很多时间。simply“(强调某说法)确实，简直”。simply这个词对于习惯汉语思维的我们而言有点儿抽象。我们比较熟悉的是它表示“简朴地；简单地”的义项，如：The rooms are simply furnished.和The book explains grammar simply and clearly.‎ ‎(二)学习短语或习惯用语时受到的思维定式影响 例如：学了wait for这个短语以后，有的考生在做题过程中只要碰到wait，后面要接介词时就毫不犹豫地选择for。但在“He stopped his car to wait at the red light.”中就不用for。‎ ‎[典例2] 　(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)I arrived early at Byron Bay where we were supposed to 44.meet.The bay was 45 in sunshine, and there was a group of kayakers around 150m off the shore.‎ ‎45．A.bathed　　　　　　　 B．clean C．deep D．formed 分析：选A　受思维习惯的影响，考生想到游客到达海滩，文章中常会描述那里的清洁情况，因此考生易误选B项。be bathed in sunshine为拟人用法，意为“沐浴在阳光下”，说明天气晴好，阳光明媚，暗示作者激动兴奋的心情。‎ ‎[典例3]　(2017·北京高考)One day, when she was five years old, she was walking with her ‎ mother in downtown Winnipeg.They saw a man 36 out of a garbage can.She asked her mother why he did that, and her mother said that the man was homeless and hungry.‎ ‎36．A.jumping B．eating C．crying D．waving 分析：选B　受思维习惯的影响，考生易误选A项，因为jump out of 是常见搭配。但根据下文的“the man was homeless and hungry”可知，她们看见一个人在垃圾桶里捡东西吃。故选B。‎ ‎[典例4]　(2016·北京高考) 41 January 26, Billy and three other children had died.‎ ‎41．A.From B．On C．By D．After 分析：选C　受思维习惯的影响，考生可能会根据老师平时讲的“在具体的某一天前用介词on”而误选B项。因为句子的谓语使用的是过去完成时，因此应用by。“by＋时间”与完成时连用，后跟过去的时间时，用过去完成时；跟将来的时间时，用将来完成时。句意：截至1月26日，比利和其他三个孩子都去世了。‎ ‎(铺阴影的题目为“易因惯性思维而错选”)‎ A 体裁 话题 词数 限时 夹叙夹议文 如何处理负面评论 ‎324‎ ‎17分钟 Did you feel like the negative remark was more influential than the compliments that you received earlier? If the answer to the question is “Yes”， then you are not 1 .There are many people feeling like this, but you all need to learn how to 2 negative remarks.‎ When negative remarks come about, you remind yourself that it is 3 someone’s opinion and everyone is entitled (使享有权利) to express their opinions.They have the 4 to say anything they want to say.Meantime, you choose to do whatever you think is correct and 5 the negative ones.When I was a kid, I heard a saying — “A barking dog won’t stop a moving carriage.” That is to say if a carriage is moving and a dog is 6 it while barking, the carriage won’t 7 because of that dog’s barking.‎ One morning, as I was 8 to work from the nearest train station, a drunken man approached me. 9 ， he grasped my left arm and said, “Hey, man.Your clothes are so ugly.” Then he 10 my arm, and walked off.A few people on the street stopped, 11 at me, and were most likely expecting a reaction from me.I replied 12 “Good morning to you, sir”， and 13 .The people watching this 14 started laughing.I just walked away without paying any attention to them.About an hour later, a 15 and I went back on that street to buy some fruits.Guess what? We saw the police speaking to that man, and he was in handcuffs (手 铐)．I told my workmate what had happened to me 16 .‎ In an article in Psychology Today, Dr Raj Raghunathan says, “The 17 between ordinary people and extraordinary people is simple.Extraordinary people choose to listen to their 18 and ignore other people’s negativity.” They see things differently. 19 you should learn how to deal with negative remarks and not let them 20 your emotions and thoughts.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。我们都会听到负面评论，因为人们有权发表意见。当听到负面评论时，我们要正确地处理它，不要受其影响。作者用自己的亲身经历教我们如何处理负面评论。‎ ‎1．A.confident　　　　　　　 B．alone C．calm D．correct 解析：选B　根据下文“There are many people feeling like this”可知，如果你对这个问题的回答是“是的”，那么不只是你一个人有这样的感觉(负面评论比你收到的恭维更有影响)。‎ ‎2．A.make　　　　　　　　 B．avoid C．stop D．handle 解析：选D　受思维习惯的影响，本题易误选B项，理解为avoid negative remarks“避开负面评论”。但根据下文的叙述尤其是最后一段“you should learn how to deal with negative remarks”可知，但是你要做的是学会怎样处理负面评论。‎ ‎3．A.always B．possibly C．usually D．only 解析：选D　当负面评论产生时，你要提醒自己这只是某个人的意见而且每个人都有表达自己想法的权利。‎ ‎4．A.right B．reason C．time D．ability 解析：选A　根据上文“everyone is entitled (使享有权利) to express their opinions”可知，他们有权利说他们想说的话。‎ ‎5．A.oppose B．notice C．ignore D．solve 解析：选C　根据上文“you choose to do whatever you think is correct”可知，同时你可以选择去做无论什么只要你认为是正确的事情，不理会别人的负面评论。‎ ‎6．A.walking around B．looking for C．running after D．passing by 解析：选C　根据上文“A barking dog won’t stop a moving carriage.”可知，吠犬阻止不了前进的马车。那也就是说，如果一辆马车在行驶，一条狗狂吠着追赶它。马车不会因狗的狂吠而停下来。‎ ‎7．A.stop B．close C．move D．follow 解析：选A　参见上题解析。‎ ‎8．A.driving　　　　　　　　 B．riding C．running D．walking 解析：选D　受思维习惯的影响，会误选A(driving)，习惯地理解为“开车去上班”。根据下文“a drunken man approached me. 9 ， he grasped my left arm”以及“I just walked away ...”可知，一位醉汉走近作者，抓住作者的左胳膊。作者走开了。由此可推知，作者乘坐完火车后步行去上班。‎ ‎9．A.Unfortunately B．Disappointedly C．Suddenly D．Surprisingly 解析：选C　根据该空上下文可知，suddenly符合语境。一位醉汉走近作者，突然抓住作者的左胳膊。‎ ‎10．A.hurt B．let go of C．caught D．broke away from 解析：选B　根据下文“walked off”可知，然后那位醉汉松开了作者的胳膊，离开了。‎ ‎11．A.looked B．shouted C．swore D．laughed 解析：选A　根据下文“The people watching this 14 started laughing.”可知，街上有几个人停下来，看着作者。‎ ‎12．A.weakly B．slowly C．angrily D．politely 解析：选D　根据下文“Good morning to you, sir”可知，作者礼貌地答复，“早安，先生”。‎ ‎13．A.cried B．left C．smiled D．agreed 解析：选B　根据下文“I just walked away without paying any attention to them.”可知，说完“早安，先生”，作者离开了。‎ ‎14．A.performance　　　　　 B．activity C．turn D．accident 解析：选C　受思维习惯的影响，易误选A(performance)，认为是“看到这种表现”。根据上文“...were most likely expecting a reaction from me.I replied 12 ‘Good morning to you, sir’”可知，人们观看到事情的转变，开始笑了。‎ ‎15．A.friend B．colleague C．leader D．policeman 解析：选B　根据下文“I told my workmate”可知，作者和同事后来回到那条街上买水果。 ‎ ‎16．A.earlier B．expectedly C．again D．unwillingly 解析：选A　根据上文“I told my workmate what had happened to me”可知，作者把他之前遭遇到的事情告诉给他的同事。‎ ‎17．A.secret B．relationship C．difference D．similarity 解析：选C　根据下文“They see things differently.”可知，Dr Raj Raghunathan在《今日心理学》杂志上写了一篇文章，他说：“普通人与杰出的人之间的区别是简单的。”‎ ‎18．A.advice B．experience C．heart D．positivity 解析：选D　根据下文“and ignore other people’s negativity”可知，杰出的人选择去听人们积极的话，而忽视他们消极的话。此处positivity和negativity为反义词。‎ ‎19．A.And B．So C．When D．But ‎ 解析：选B　作者在此处说出他的劝告，即文章的中心思想，故用so(因此)引导。‎ ‎20．A.control B．show C．change D．mix 解析：选A　作者最后说：因此你要学会如何去处理负面评论，不要让它们控制你的情感和思想。‎